{ "book": "iliad", "title": "The Iliad", "sub": "Homer · the wrath of Achilles, 24 books", "credit": "Greek: Homer, Iliad, text of D. B. Monro and T. W. Allen (Homeri Opera, Oxford Classical Texts, 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, 1920; public domain), digitised by the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University (canonical-greekLit, tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-grc2), CC BY-SA 4.0. English: Samuel Butler's prose translation (Longmans, Green and Co., 1898; public domain), from Project Gutenberg eBook #2199, aligned to the Greek using the line markers of the Perseus revised Butler edition (Timothy Power and Gregory Nagy, tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng4, CC BY-SA 4.0). Butler's Latin names (Jove, Minerva, Juno) are kept; dashes replaced.", "order": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24" ], "titles": { "1": "Book 1 · The quarrel", "2": "Book 2 · The dream and the ships", "3": "Book 3 · Paris and Menelaus", "4": "Book 4 · The truce broken", "5": "Book 5 · The valour of Diomedes", "6": "Book 6 · Hector and Andromache", "7": "Book 7 · Hector and Ajax", "8": "Book 8 · The Trojans on the plain", "9": "Book 9 · The embassy to Achilles", "10": "Book 10 · The night raid", "11": "Book 11 · Agamemnon's day", "12": "Book 12 · The wall stormed", "13": "Book 13 · Battle at the ships", "14": "Book 14 · Zeus deceived", "15": "Book 15 · The Trojans reach the ships", "16": "Book 16 · Patroclus", "17": "Book 17 · The fight over the body", "18": "Book 18 · The shield of Achilles", "19": "Book 19 · The quarrel ended", "20": "Book 20 · The gods go to war", "21": "Book 21 · The river fights back", "22": "Book 22 · The death of Hector", "23": "Book 23 · The funeral games", "24": "Book 24 · Priam and Achilles" }, "subs": { "1": "Apollo's plague falls on the army, Agamemnon takes Briseis, and Thetis asks Zeus to honour her son.", "2": "Zeus sends Agamemnon a false dream, the army almost sails home, and the forces of both sides are listed.", "3": "The two husbands of Helen fight a duel, and Aphrodite carries Paris off the field.", "4": "Pandarus wounds Menelaus with an arrow, Agamemnon rallies his captains, and battle is joined.", "5": "Filled with strength by Athena, Diomedes wounds Aphrodite and even Ares.", "6": "Glaucus and Diomedes swap armour as guest-friends, and Hector says goodbye to his wife and son.", "7": "Hector and Ajax fight until nightfall, both sides bury their dead, and the Achaeans build a wall.", "8": "Zeus keeps the other gods out of the war, and the Trojans camp beside the ships.", "9": "Odysseus, Phoenix and Ajax offer Agamemnon's gifts, and Achilles turns them down.", "10": "Odysseus and Diomedes capture the spy Dolon and kill King Rhesus in his sleep.", "11": "Agamemnon sweeps the field until the Achaean chiefs are wounded one by one, and Nestor appeals to Patroclus.", "12": "The Trojans attack the Achaean wall, and Hector smashes through the gate.", "13": "Poseidon secretly stirs the Achaeans, and Idomeneus leads the defence.", "14": "Hera lulls Zeus to sleep so that Poseidon can help the Achaeans, and Hector is struck down.", "15": "Zeus wakes in anger, Apollo restores Hector, and Ajax fights alone from the decks.", "16": "Patroclus goes out in Achilles' armour, kills Sarpedon, and dies at the hands of Hector.", "17": "Menelaus and Ajax lead the struggle to bring the body of Patroclus back from the field.", "18": "Achilles hears of Patroclus' death, and Hephaestus forges him new armour and a great shield.", "19": "Agamemnon makes amends, and Achilles arms himself for battle.", "20": "The gods take sides on the field, and Poseidon saves Aeneas from Achilles.", "21": "Achilles chokes the Scamander with the dead, and the river rises against him.", "22": "Hector flees three times round the walls, turns to fight, and falls. Troy mourns.", "23": "Patroclus is burned on a great pyre, and the Achaeans hold contests in his honour.", "24": "Priam goes by night to ransom his son's body, and Troy buries Hector." }, "sections": { "1": [ { "ref": "Iliad 1.1–19", "orig": "μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος\nοὐλομένην, ἣ μυρίʼ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγεʼ ἔθηκε,\nπολλὰς δʼ ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν\nἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν\nοἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, Διὸς δʼ ἐτελείετο βουλή,\nἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε\nἈτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nτίς τʼ ἄρ σφωε θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνέηκε μάχεσθαι;\nΛητοῦς καὶ Διὸς υἱός· ὃ γὰρ βασιλῆϊ χολωθεὶς\nνοῦσον ἀνὰ στρατὸν ὄρσε κακήν, ὀλέκοντο δὲ λαοί,\nοὕνεκα τὸν Χρύσην ἠτίμασεν ἀρητῆρα\nἈτρεΐδης· ὃ γὰρ ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nλυσόμενός τε θύγατρα φέρων τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,\nστέμματʼ ἔχων ἐν χερσὶν ἑκηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος\nχρυσέῳ ἀνὰ σκήπτρῳ, καὶ λίσσετο πάντας Ἀχαιούς,\nἈτρεΐδα δὲ μάλιστα δύω, κοσμήτορε λαῶν·\nἈτρεΐδαι τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί,\nὑμῖν μὲν θεοὶ δοῖεν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες\nἐκπέρσαι Πριάμοιο πόλιν, εὖ δʼ οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι·", "en": "Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another.\nAnd which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? It was the son of Jove and Leto; for he was angry with the king and sent a pestilence upon the host to plague the people, because the son of Atreus had dishonoured Chryses his priest. Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus, who were their chiefs.\n“Sons of Atreus,” he cried, “and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.20–34", "orig": "παῖδα δʼ ἐμοὶ λύσαιτε φίλην, τὰ δʼ ἄποινα δέχεσθαι,\nἁζόμενοι Διὸς υἱὸν ἑκηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα.\nἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἐπευφήμησαν Ἀχαιοὶ\nαἰδεῖσθαί θʼ ἱερῆα καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα·\nἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἥνδανε θυμῷ,\nἀλλὰ κακῶς ἀφίει, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·\nμή σε γέρον κοίλῃσιν ἐγὼ παρὰ νηυσὶ κιχείω\nἢ νῦν δηθύνοντʼ ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα,\nμή νύ τοι οὐ χραίσμῃ σκῆπτρον καὶ στέμμα θεοῖο·\nτὴν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω· πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπεισιν\nἡμετέρῳ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ ἐν Ἄργεϊ τηλόθι πάτρης\nἱστὸν ἐποιχομένην καὶ ἐμὸν λέχος ἀντιόωσαν·\nἀλλʼ ἴθι μή μʼ ἐρέθιζε σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων καὶ ἐπείθετο μύθῳ·\nβῆ δʼ ἀκέων παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης·", "en": "but free my daughter, and accept a ransom for her, in reverence to Apollo, son of Jove.”\nOn this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. “Old man,” said he, “let me not find you tarrying about our ships, nor yet coming hereafter. Your sceptre of the god and your wreath shall profit you nothing. I will not free her. She shall grow old in my house at Argos far from her own home, busying herself with her loom and visiting my couch; so go, and do not provoke me or it shall be the worse for you.”\nThe old man feared him and obeyed. Not a word he spoke, but went by the shore of the sounding sea and prayed apart to King Apollo whom lovely Leto had borne." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.35–49", "orig": "πολλὰ δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε κιὼν ἠρᾶθʼ ὁ γεραιὸς\nἈπόλλωνι ἄνακτι, τὸν ἠΰκομος τέκε Λητώ·\nκλῦθί μευ ἀργυρότοξʼ, ὃς Χρύσην ἀμφιβέβηκας\nΚίλλαν τε ζαθέην Τενέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάσσεις,\nΣμινθεῦ εἴ ποτέ τοι χαρίεντʼ ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα,\nἢ εἰ δή ποτέ τοι κατὰ πίονα μηρίʼ ἔκηα\nταύρων ἠδʼ αἰγῶν, τὸ δέ μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·\nτίσειαν Δαναοὶ ἐμὰ δάκρυα σοῖσι βέλεσσιν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων χωόμενος κῆρ,\nτόξʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχων ἀμφηρεφέα τε φαρέτρην·\nἔκλαγξαν δʼ ἄρʼ ὀϊστοὶ ἐπʼ ὤμων χωομένοιο,\nαὐτοῦ κινηθέντος· ὃ δʼ ἤϊε νυκτὶ ἐοικώς.\nἕζετʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν, μετὰ δʼ ἰὸν ἕηκε·\nδεινὴ δὲ κλαγγὴ γένετʼ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο·", "en": "“Hear me,” he cried, “O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla and rulest Tenedos with thy might, hear me oh thou of Sminthe. If I have ever decked your temple with garlands, or burned your thigh-bones in fat of bulls or goats, grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans.”\nThus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He came down furious from the summits of Olympus, with his bow and his quiver upon his shoulder, and the arrows rattled on his back with the rage that trembled within him. He sat himself down away from the ships with a face as dark as night, and his silver bow rang death as he shot his arrow in the midst of them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.50–64", "orig": "οὐρῆας μὲν πρῶτον ἐπῴχετο καὶ κύνας ἀργούς,\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ αὐτοῖσι βέλος ἐχεπευκὲς ἐφιεὶς\nβάλλʼ· αἰεὶ δὲ πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο θαμειαί.\nἐννῆμαρ μὲν ἀνὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο κῆλα θεοῖο,\nτῇ δεκάτῃ δʼ ἀγορὴν δὲ καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς·\nτῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη·\nκήδετο γὰρ Δαναῶν, ὅτι ῥα θνήσκοντας ὁρᾶτο.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τε γένοντο,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἀνιστάμενος μετέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη νῦν ἄμμε παλιμπλαγχθέντας ὀΐω\nἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, εἴ κεν θάνατόν γε φύγοιμεν,\nεἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς·\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δή τινα μάντιν ἐρείομεν ἢ ἱερῆα\nἢ καὶ ὀνειροπόλον, καὶ γάρ τʼ ὄναρ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν,\nὅς κʼ εἴποι ὅ τι τόσσον ἐχώσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,", "en": "First he smote their mules and their hounds, but presently he aimed his shafts at the people themselves, and all day long the pyres of the dead were burning.\nFor nine whole days he shot his arrows among the people, but upon the tenth day Achilles called them in assembly, moved thereto by Juno, who saw the Achaeans in their death-throes and had compassion upon them. Then, when they were got together, he rose and spoke among them.\n“Son of Atreus,” said he, “I deem that we should now turn roving home if we would escape destruction, for we are being cut down by war and pestilence at once. Let us ask some priest or prophet, or some reader of dreams (for dreams, too, are of Jove) who can tell us why Phoebus Apollo is so angry, and say" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.65–79", "orig": "εἴτʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται ἠδʼ ἑκατόμβης,\nαἴ κέν πως ἀρνῶν κνίσης αἰγῶν τε τελείων\nβούλεται ἀντιάσας ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι.\nἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη\nΚάλχας Θεστορίδης οἰωνοπόλων ὄχʼ ἄριστος,\nὃς ᾔδη τά τʼ ἐόντα τά τʼ ἐσσόμενα πρό τʼ ἐόντα,\nκαὶ νήεσσʼ ἡγήσατʼ Ἀχαιῶν Ἴλιον εἴσω\nἣν διὰ μαντοσύνην, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·\nὦ Ἀχιλεῦ κέλεαί με Διῒ φίλε μυθήσασθαι\nμῆνιν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκατηβελέταο ἄνακτος·\nτοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω· σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μοι ὄμοσσον\nἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν·\nἦ γὰρ ὀΐομαι ἄνδρα χολωσέμεν, ὃς μέγα πάντων\nἈργείων κρατέει καί οἱ πείθονται Ἀχαιοί·", "en": "whether it is for some vow that we have broken, or hecatomb that we have not offered, and whether he will accept the savour of lambs and goats without blemish, so as to take away the plague from us.”\nWith these words he sat down, and Calchas son of Thestor, wisest of augurs, who knew things past present and to come, rose to speak. He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him. With all sincerity and goodwill he addressed them thus:\n“Achilles, loved of heaven, you bid me tell you about the anger of King Apollo, I will therefore do so; but consider first and swear that you will stand by me heartily in word and deed, for I know that I shall offend one who rules the Argives with might, to whom all the Achaeans are in subjection." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.80–99", "orig": "κρείσσων γὰρ βασιλεὺς ὅτε χώσεται ἀνδρὶ χέρηϊ·\nεἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ,\nἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον, ὄφρα τελέσσῃ,\nἐν στήθεσσιν ἑοῖσι· σὺ δὲ φράσαι εἴ με σαώσεις.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nθαρσήσας μάλα εἰπὲ θεοπρόπιον ὅ τι οἶσθα·\nοὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διῒ φίλον, ᾧ τε σὺ Κάλχαν\nεὐχόμενος Δαναοῖσι θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις,\nοὔ τις ἐμεῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο\nσοὶ κοίλῃς παρὰ νηυσί βαρείας χεῖρας ἐποίσει\nσυμπάντων Δαναῶν, οὐδʼ ἢν Ἀγαμέμνονα εἴπῃς,\nὃς νῦν πολλὸν ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται εἶναι.\nκαὶ τότε δὴ θάρσησε καὶ ηὔδα μάντις ἀμύμων·\nοὔ τʼ ἄρ ὅ γʼ εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται οὐδʼ ἑκατόμβης,\nἀλλʼ ἕνεκʼ ἀρητῆρος ὃν ἠτίμησʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,\nοὐδʼ ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα καὶ οὐκ ἀπεδέξατʼ ἄποινα,\nτοὔνεκʼ ἄρʼ ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν ἑκηβόλος ἠδʼ ἔτι δώσει·\nοὐδʼ ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώσει\nπρίν γʼ ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην\nἀπριάτην ἀνάποινον, ἄγειν θʼ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην", "en": "A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it. Consider, therefore, whether or no you will protect me.”\nAnd Achilles answered, “Fear not, but speak as it is borne in upon you from heaven, for by Apollo, Calchas, to whom you pray, and whose oracles you reveal to us, not a Danaan at our ships shall lay his hand upon you, while I yet live to look upon the face of the earth, no, not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans.”\nThereon the seer spoke boldly. “The god,” he said, “is angry neither about vow nor hecatomb, but for his priest’s sake, whom Agamemnon has dishonoured, in that he would not free his daughter nor take a ransom for her; therefore has he sent these evils upon us, and will yet send others. He will not deliver the Danaans from this pestilence till Agamemnon has restored the girl without fee or ransom to her father, and has sent a holy hecatomb to Chryse." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.100–119", "orig": "ἐς Χρύσην· τότε κέν μιν ἱλασσάμενοι πεπίθοιμεν.\nἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη\nἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἀχνύμενος· μένεος δὲ μέγα φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι\nπίμπλαντʼ, ὄσσε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐΐκτην·\nΚάλχαντα πρώτιστα κάκʼ ὀσσόμενος προσέειπε·\nμάντι κακῶν οὐ πώ ποτέ μοι τὸ κρήγυον εἶπας·\nαἰεί τοι τὰ κάκʼ ἐστὶ φίλα φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι,\nἐσθλὸν δʼ οὔτέ τί πω εἶπας ἔπος οὔτʼ ἐτέλεσσας·\nκαὶ νῦν ἐν Δαναοῖσι θεοπροπέων ἀγορεύεις\nὡς δὴ τοῦδʼ ἕνεκά σφιν ἑκηβόλος ἄλγεα τεύχει,\nοὕνεκʼ ἐγὼ κούρης Χρυσηΐδος ἀγλάʼ ἄποινα\nοὐκ ἔθελον δέξασθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν\nοἴκοι ἔχειν· καὶ γάρ ῥα Κλυταιμνήστρης προβέβουλα\nκουριδίης ἀλόχου, ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑθέν ἐστι χερείων,\nοὐ δέμας οὐδὲ φυήν, οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένας οὔτέ τι ἔργα.\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐθέλω δόμεναι πάλιν εἰ τό γʼ ἄμεινον·\nβούλομʼ ἐγὼ λαὸν σῶν ἔμμεναι ἢ ἀπολέσθαι·\nαὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ γέρας αὐτίχʼ ἑτοιμάσατʼ ὄφρα μὴ οἶος\nἈργείων ἀγέραστος ἔω, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε·", "en": "Thus we may perhaps appease him.”\nWith these words he sat down, and Agamemnon rose in anger. His heart was black with rage, and his eyes flashed fire as he scowled on Calchas and said, “Seer of evil, you never yet prophesied smooth things concerning me, but have ever loved to foretell that which was evil. You have brought me neither comfort nor performance; and now you come seeing among Danaans, and saying that Apollo has plagued us because I would not take a ransom for this girl, the daughter of Chryses. I have set my heart on keeping her in my own house, for I love her better even than my own wife Clytemnestra, whose peer she is alike in form and feature, in understanding and accomplishments. Still I will give her up if I must, for I would have the people live, not die; but you must find me a prize instead, or I alone among the Argives shall be without one." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.120–139", "orig": "λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη κύδιστε φιλοκτεανώτατε πάντων,\nπῶς γάρ τοι δώσουσι γέρας μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοί;\nοὐδέ τί που ἴδμεν ξυνήϊα κείμενα πολλά·\nἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν πολίων ἐξεπράθομεν, τὰ δέδασται,\nλαοὺς δʼ οὐκ ἐπέοικε παλίλλογα ταῦτʼ ἐπαγείρειν.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν τήνδε θεῷ πρόες· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nτριπλῇ τετραπλῇ τʼ ἀποτείσομεν, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς\nδῷσι πόλιν Τροίην εὐτείχεον ἐξαλαπάξαι.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nμὴ δʼ οὕτως ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν θεοείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nκλέπτε νόῳ, ἐπεὶ οὐ παρελεύσεαι οὐδέ με πείσεις.\nἦ ἐθέλεις ὄφρʼ αὐτὸς ἔχῃς γέρας, αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ αὔτως\nἧσθαι δευόμενον, κέλεαι δέ με τήνδʼ ἀποδοῦναι;\nἀλλʼ εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοὶ\nἄρσαντες κατὰ θυμὸν ὅπως ἀντάξιον ἔσται·\nεἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι\nἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας, ἢ Ὀδυσῆος\nἄξω ἑλών· ὃ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι.", "en": "This is not well; for you behold, all of you, that my prize is to go elsewhither.”\nAnd Achilles answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize? We have no common store from which to take one. Those we took from the cities have been awarded; we cannot disallow the awards that have been made already. Give this girl, therefore, to the god, and if ever Jove grants us to sack the city of Troy we will requite you three and fourfold.”\nThen Agamemnon said, “Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me. You shall not overreach and you shall not persuade me. Are you to keep your own prize, while I sit tamely under my loss and give up the girl at your bidding? Let the Achaeans find me a prize in fair exchange to my liking, or I will come and take your own, or that of Ajax or of Ulysses; and he to whomsoever I may come shall rue my coming." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.140–159", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα μεταφρασόμεσθα καὶ αὖτις,\nνῦν δʼ ἄγε νῆα μέλαιναν ἐρύσσομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,\nἐν δʼ ἐρέτας ἐπιτηδὲς ἀγείρομεν, ἐς δʼ ἑκατόμβην\nθείομεν, ἂν δʼ αὐτὴν Χρυσηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον\nβήσομεν· εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ βουληφόρος ἔστω,\nἢ Αἴας ἢ Ἰδομενεὺς ἢ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nἠὲ σὺ Πηλεΐδη πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν,\nὄφρʼ ἥμιν ἑκάεργον ἱλάσσεαι ἱερὰ ῥέξας.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nὤ μοι ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένε κερδαλεόφρον\nπῶς τίς τοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν πείθηται Ἀχαιῶν\nἢ ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι ἢ ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μάχεσθαι;\nοὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ Τρώων ἕνεκʼ ἤλυθον αἰχμητάων\nδεῦρο μαχησόμενος, ἐπεὶ οὔ τί μοι αἴτιοί εἰσιν·\nοὐ γὰρ πώποτʼ ἐμὰς βοῦς ἤλασαν οὐδὲ μὲν ἵππους,\nοὐδέ ποτʼ ἐν Φθίῃ ἐριβώλακι βωτιανείρῃ\nκαρπὸν ἐδηλήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα πολλὰ μεταξὺ\nοὔρεά τε σκιόεντα θάλασσά τε ἠχήεσσα·\nἀλλὰ σοὶ ὦ μέγʼ ἀναιδὲς ἅμʼ ἑσπόμεθʼ ὄφρα σὺ χαίρῃς,\nτιμὴν ἀρνύμενοι Μενελάῳ σοί τε κυνῶπα", "en": "But of this we will take thought hereafter; for the present, let us draw a ship into the sea, and find a crew for her expressly; let us put a hecatomb on board, and let us send Chryseis also; further, let some chief man among us be in command, either Ajax, or Idomeneus, or yourself, son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the anger of the god.”\nAchilles scowled at him and answered, “You are steeped in insolence and lust of gain. With what heart can any of the Achaeans do your bidding, either on foray or in open fighting? I came not warring here for any ill the Trojans had done me. I have no quarrel with them. They have not raided my cattle nor my horses, nor cut down my harvests on the rich plains of Phthia; for between me and them there is a great space, both mountain and sounding sea. We have followed you, Sir Insolence! for your pleasure, not ours, to gain satisfaction from the Trojans for your shameless self and for Menelaus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.160–174", "orig": "πρὸς Τρώων· τῶν οὔ τι μετατρέπῃ οὐδʼ ἀλεγίζεις·\nκαὶ δή μοι γέρας αὐτὸς ἀφαιρήσεσθαι ἀπειλεῖς,\nᾧ ἔπι πολλὰ μόγησα, δόσαν δέ μοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.\nοὐ μὲν σοί ποτε ἶσον ἔχω γέρας ὁππότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nΤρώων ἐκπέρσωσʼ εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον·\nἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πλεῖον πολυάϊκος πολέμοιο\nχεῖρες ἐμαὶ διέπουσʼ· ἀτὰρ ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται,\nσοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον, ἐγὼ δʼ ὀλίγον τε φίλον τε\nἔρχομʼ ἔχων ἐπὶ νῆας, ἐπεί κε κάμω πολεμίζων.\nνῦν δʼ εἶμι Φθίην δʼ, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστιν\nοἴκαδʼ ἴμεν σὺν νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν, οὐδέ σʼ ὀΐω\nἐνθάδʼ ἄτιμος ἐὼν ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nφεῦγε μάλʼ εἴ τοι θυμὸς ἐπέσσυται, οὐδέ σʼ ἔγωγε\nλίσσομαι εἵνεκʼ ἐμεῖο μένειν· πάρʼ ἔμοιγε καὶ ἄλλοι", "en": "You forget this, and threaten to rob me of the prize for which I have toiled, and which the sons of the Achaeans have given me. Never when the Achaeans sack any rich city of the Trojans do I receive so good a prize as you do, though it is my hands that do the better part of the fighting. When the sharing comes, your share is far the largest, and I, forsooth, must go back to my ships, take what I can get and be thankful, when my labour of fighting is done. Now, therefore, I shall go back to Phthia; it will be much better for me to return home with my ships, for I will not stay here dishonoured to gather gold and substance for you.”\nAnd Agamemnon answered, “Fly if you will, I shall make you no prayers to stay you." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.175–189", "orig": "οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι, μάλιστα δὲ μητίετα Ζεύς.\nἔχθιστος δέ μοί ἐσσι διοτρεφέων βασιλήων·\nαἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη πόλεμοί τε μάχαι τε·\nεἰ μάλα καρτερός ἐσσι, θεός που σοὶ τό γʼ ἔδωκεν·\nοἴκαδʼ ἰὼν σὺν νηυσί τε σῇς καὶ σοῖς ἑτάροισι\nΜυρμιδόνεσσιν ἄνασσε, σέθεν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀλεγίζω,\nοὐδʼ ὄθομαι κοτέοντος· ἀπειλήσω δέ τοι ὧδε·\nὡς ἔμʼ ἀφαιρεῖται Χρυσηΐδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nτὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σὺν νηΐ τʼ ἐμῇ καὶ ἐμοῖς ἑτάροισι\nπέμψω, ἐγὼ δέ κʼ ἄγω Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον\nαὐτὸς ἰὼν κλισίην δὲ τὸ σὸν γέρας ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῇς\nὅσσον φέρτερός εἰμι σέθεν, στυγέῃ δὲ καὶ ἄλλος\nἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι καὶ ὁμοιωθήμεναι ἄντην.\nὣς φάτο· Πηλεΐωνι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ\nστήθεσσιν λασίοισι διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν,", "en": "I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel. There is no king here so hateful to me as you are, for you are ever quarrelsome and ill-affected. What though you be brave? Was it not heaven that made you so? Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons. I care neither for you nor for your anger; and thus will I do: since Phoebus Apollo is taking Chryseis from me, I shall send her with my ship and my followers, but I shall come to your tent and take your own prize Briseis, that you may learn how much stronger I am than you are, and that another may fear to set himself up as equal or comparable with me.”\nThe son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.190–209", "orig": "ἢ ὅ γε φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ\nτοὺς μὲν ἀναστήσειεν, ὃ δʼ Ἀτρεΐδην ἐναρίζοι,\nἦε χόλον παύσειεν ἐρητύσειέ τε θυμόν.\nἧος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,\nἕλκετο δʼ ἐκ κολεοῖο μέγα ξίφος, ἦλθε δʼ Ἀθήνη\nοὐρανόθεν· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη\nἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουσά τε κηδομένη τε·\nστῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν, ξανθῆς δὲ κόμης ἕλε Πηλεΐωνα\nοἴῳ φαινομένη· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τις ὁρᾶτο·\nθάμβησεν δʼ Ἀχιλεύς, μετὰ δʼ ἐτράπετʼ, αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω\nΠαλλάδʼ Ἀθηναίην· δεινὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε φάανθεν·\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nτίπτʼ αὖτʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος εἰλήλουθας;\nἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο;\nἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τελέεσθαι ὀΐω·\nᾗς ὑπεροπλίῃσι τάχʼ ἄν ποτε θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nἦλθον ἐγὼ παύσουσα τὸ σὸν μένος, αἴ κε πίθηαι,\nοὐρανόθεν· πρὸ δέ μʼ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη\nἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουσά τε κηδομένη τε·", "en": "whether to draw his sword, push the others aside, and kill the son of Atreus, or to restrain himself and check his anger. While he was thus in two minds, and was drawing his mighty sword from its scabbard, Minerva came down from heaven (for Juno had sent her in the love she bore to them both), and seized the son of Peleus by his yellow hair, visible to him alone, for of the others no man could see her. Achilles turned in amaze, and by the fire that flashed from her eyes at once knew that she was Minerva. “Why are you here,” said he, “daughter of aegis-bearing Jove? To see the pride of Agamemnon, son of Atreus? Let me tell you, and it shall surely be, he shall pay for this insolence with his life.”\nAnd Minerva said, “I come from heaven, if you will hear me, to bid you stay your anger. Juno has sent me, who cares for both of you alike." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.210–224", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ἄγε λῆγʼ ἔριδος, μηδὲ ξίφος ἕλκεο χειρί·\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι ἔπεσιν μὲν ὀνείδισον ὡς ἔσεταί περ·\nὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·\nκαί ποτέ τοι τρὶς τόσσα παρέσσεται ἀγλαὰ δῶρα\nὕβριος εἵνεκα τῆσδε· σὺ δʼ ἴσχεο, πείθεο δʼ ἡμῖν.\nτὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nχρὴ μὲν σφωΐτερόν γε θεὰ ἔπος εἰρύσσασθαι\nκαὶ μάλα περ θυμῷ κεχολωμένον· ὧς γὰρ ἄμεινον·\nὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται μάλα τʼ ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ.\nἦ καὶ ἐπʼ ἀργυρέῃ κώπῃ σχέθε χεῖρα βαρεῖαν,\nἂψ δʼ ἐς κουλεὸν ὦσε μέγα ξίφος, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε\nμύθῳ Ἀθηναίης· ἣ δʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ βεβήκει\nδώματʼ ἐς αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς μετὰ δαίμονας ἄλλους.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀταρτηροῖς ἐπέεσσιν\nἈτρεΐδην προσέειπε, καὶ οὔ πω λῆγε χόλοιο·", "en": "Cease, then, this brawling, and do not draw your sword; rail at him if you will, and your railing will not be vain, for I tell you, and it shall surely be, that you shall hereafter receive gifts three times as splendid by reason of this present insult. Hold, therefore, and obey.”\n“Goddess,” answered Achilles, “however angry a man may be, he must do as you two command him. This will be best, for the gods ever hear the prayers of him who has obeyed them.”\nHe stayed his hand on the silver hilt of his sword, and thrust it back into the scabbard as Minerva bade him. Then she went back to Olympus among the other gods, and to the house of aegis-bearing Jove.\nBut the son of Peleus again began railing at the son of Atreus, for he was still in a rage." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.225–244", "orig": "οἰνοβαρές, κυνὸς ὄμματʼ ἔχων, κραδίην δʼ ἐλάφοιο,\nοὔτέ ποτʼ ἐς πόλεμον ἅμα λαῷ θωρηχθῆναι\nοὔτε λόχον δʼ ἰέναι σὺν ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν\nτέτληκας θυμῷ· τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι.\nἦ πολὺ λώϊόν ἐστι κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν\nδῶρʼ ἀποαιρεῖσθαι ὅς τις σέθεν ἀντίον εἴπῃ·\nδημοβόρος βασιλεὺς ἐπεὶ οὐτιδανοῖσιν ἀνάσσεις·\nἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ὕστατα λωβήσαιο.\nἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι·\nναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον, τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους\nφύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπεν,\nοὐδʼ ἀναθηλήσει· περὶ γάρ ῥά ἑ χαλκὸς ἔλεψε\nφύλλά τε καὶ φλοιόν· νῦν αὖτέ μιν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nἐν παλάμῃς φορέουσι δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας\nπρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται· ὃ δέ τοι μέγας ἔσσεται ὅρκος·\nἦ ποτʼ Ἀχιλλῆος ποθὴ ἵξεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nσύμπαντας· τότε δʼ οὔ τι δυνήσεαι ἀχνύμενός περ\nχραισμεῖν, εὖτʼ ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο\nθνήσκοντες πίπτωσι· σὺ δʼ ἔνδοθι θυμὸν ἀμύξεις\nχωόμενος ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισας.", "en": "“Wine-bibber,” he cried, “with the face of a dog and the heart of a hind, you never dare to go out with the host in fight, nor yet with our chosen men in ambuscade. You shun this as you do death itself. You had rather go round and rob his prizes from any man who contradicts you. You devour your people, for you are king over a feeble folk; otherwise, son of Atreus, henceforward you would insult no man. Therefore I say, and swear it with a great oath, nay, by this my sceptre which shalt sprout neither leaf nor shoot, nor bud anew from the day on which it left its parent stem upon the mountains, for the axe stripped it of leaf and bark, and now the sons of the Achaeans bear it as judges and guardians of the decrees of heaven, so surely and solemnly do I swear that hereafter they shall look fondly for Achilles and shall not find him. In the day of your distress, when your men fall dying by the murderous hand of Hector, you shall not know how to help them, and shall rend your heart with rage for the hour when you offered insult to the bravest of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.245–259", "orig": "ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ\nχρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον, ἕζετο δʼ αὐτός·\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐμήνιε· τοῖσι δὲ Νέστωρ\nἡδυεπὴς ἀνόρουσε λιγὺς Πυλίων ἀγορητής,\nτοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ γλώσσης μέλιτος γλυκίων ῥέεν αὐδή·\nτῷ δʼ ἤδη δύο μὲν γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων\nἐφθίαθʼ, οἵ οἱ πρόσθεν ἅμα τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο\nἐν Πύλῳ ἠγαθέῃ, μετὰ δὲ τριτάτοισιν ἄνασσεν·\nὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·\nὦ πόποι ἦ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιΐδα γαῖαν ἱκάνει·\nἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες\nἄλλοι τε Τρῶες μέγα κεν κεχαροίατο θυμῷ\nεἰ σφῶϊν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιϊν,\nοἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δʼ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι.\nἀλλὰ πίθεσθʼ· ἄμφω δὲ νεωτέρω ἐστὸν ἐμεῖο·", "en": "With this the son of Peleus dashed his gold-bestudded sceptre on the ground and took his seat, while the son of Atreus was beginning fiercely from his place upon the other side. Then uprose smooth-tongued Nestor, the facile speaker of the Pylians, and the words fell from his lips sweeter than honey. Two generations of men born and bred in Pylos had passed away under his rule, and he was now reigning over the third. With all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:\n“Of a truth,” he said, “a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land. Surely Priam with his sons would rejoice, and the Trojans be glad at heart if they could hear this quarrel between you two, who are so excellent in fight and counsel. I am older than either of you; therefore be guided by me." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.260–279", "orig": "ἤδη γάρ ποτʼ ἐγὼ καὶ ἀρείοσιν ἠέ περ ὑμῖν\nἀνδράσιν ὡμίλησα, καὶ οὔ ποτέ μʼ οἵ γʼ ἀθέριζον.\nοὐ γάρ πω τοίους ἴδον ἀνέρας οὐδὲ ἴδωμαι,\nοἷον Πειρίθοόν τε Δρύαντά τε ποιμένα λαῶν\nΚαινέα τʼ Ἐξάδιόν τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον\nΘησέα τʼ Αἰγεΐδην, ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν·\nκάρτιστοι δὴ κεῖνοι ἐπιχθονίων τράφεν ἀνδρῶν·\nκάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο\nφηρσὶν ὀρεσκῴοισι καὶ ἐκπάγλως ἀπόλεσσαν.\nκαὶ μὲν τοῖσιν ἐγὼ μεθομίλεον ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν\nτηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης· καλέσαντο γὰρ αὐτοί·\nκαὶ μαχόμην κατʼ ἔμʼ αὐτὸν ἐγώ· κείνοισι δʼ ἂν οὔ τις\nτῶν οἳ νῦν βροτοί εἰσιν ἐπιχθόνιοι μαχέοιτο·\nκαὶ μέν μευ βουλέων ξύνιεν πείθοντό τε μύθῳ·\nἀλλὰ πίθεσθε καὶ ὔμμες, ἐπεὶ πείθεσθαι ἄμεινον·\nμήτε σὺ τόνδʼ ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν ἀποαίρεο κούρην,\nἀλλʼ ἔα ὥς οἱ πρῶτα δόσαν γέρας υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·\nμήτε σὺ Πηλείδη ἔθελʼ ἐριζέμεναι βασιλῆϊ\nἀντιβίην, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποθʼ ὁμοίης ἔμμορε τιμῆς\nσκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς, ᾧ τε Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν.", "en": "Moreover I have been the familiar friend of men even greater than you are, and they did not disregard my counsels. Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals. These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them. I came from distant Pylos, and went about among them, for they would have me come, and I fought as it was in me to do. Not a man now living could withstand them, but they heard my words, and were persuaded by them. So be it also with yourselves, for this is the more excellent way. Therefore, Agamemnon, though you be strong, take not this girl away, for the sons of the Achaeans have already given her to Achilles; and you, Achilles, strive not further with the king, for no man who by the grace of Jove wields a sceptre has like honour with Agamemnon." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.280–294", "orig": "εἰ δὲ σὺ καρτερός ἐσσι θεὰ δέ σε γείνατο μήτηρ,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε φέρτερός ἐστιν ἐπεὶ πλεόνεσσιν ἀνάσσει.\nἈτρεΐδη σὺ δὲ παῦε τεὸν μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔγωγε\nλίσσομʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ μεθέμεν χόλον, ὃς μέγα πᾶσιν\nἕρκος Ἀχαιοῖσιν πέλεται πολέμοιο κακοῖο.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·\nἀλλʼ ὅδʼ ἀνὴρ ἐθέλει περὶ πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων,\nπάντων μὲν κρατέειν ἐθέλει, πάντεσσι δʼ ἀνάσσειν,\nπᾶσι δὲ σημαίνειν, ἅ τινʼ οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω·\nεἰ δέ μιν αἰχμητὴν ἔθεσαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες\nτοὔνεκά οἱ προθέουσιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι;\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑποβλήδην ἠμείβετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἦ γάρ κεν δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην\nεἰ δὴ σοὶ πᾶν ἔργον ὑπείξομαι ὅττί κεν εἴπῃς·", "en": "You are strong, and have a goddess for your mother; but Agamemnon is stronger than you, for he has more people under him. Son of Atreus, check your anger, I implore you; end this quarrel with Achilles, who in the day of battle is a tower of strength to the Achaeans.”\nAnd Agamemnon answered, “Sir, all that you have said is true, but this fellow must needs become our lord and master: he must be lord of all, king of all, and captain of all, and this shall hardly be. Granted that the gods have made him a great warrior, have they also given him the right to speak with railing?”\nAchilles interrupted him. “I should be a mean coward,” he cried, “were I to give in to you in all things." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.295–314", "orig": "ἄλλοισιν δὴ ταῦτʼ ἐπιτέλλεο, μὴ γὰρ ἔμοιγε\nσήμαινʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἔτι σοὶ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω.\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι·\nχερσὶ μὲν οὔ τοι ἔγωγε μαχήσομαι εἵνεκα κούρης\nοὔτε σοὶ οὔτέ τῳ ἄλλῳ, ἐπεί μʼ ἀφέλεσθέ γε δόντες·\nτῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἅ μοί ἐστι θοῇ παρὰ νηῒ μελαίνῃ\nτῶν οὐκ ἄν τι φέροις ἀνελὼν ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο·\nεἰ δʼ ἄγε μὴν πείρησαι ἵνα γνώωσι καὶ οἵδε·\nαἶψά τοι αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί.\nὣς τώ γʼ ἀντιβίοισι μαχεσσαμένω ἐπέεσσιν\nἀνστήτην, λῦσαν δʼ ἀγορὴν παρὰ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν·\nΠηλεΐδης μὲν ἐπὶ κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἐΐσας\nἤϊε σύν τε Μενοιτιάδῃ καὶ οἷς ἑτάροισιν·\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἄρα νῆα θοὴν ἅλα δὲ προέρυσσεν,\nἐν δʼ ἐρέτας ἔκρινεν ἐείκοσιν, ἐς δʼ ἑκατόμβην\nβῆσε θεῷ, ἀνὰ δὲ Χρυσηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον\nεἷσεν ἄγων· ἐν δʼ ἀρχὸς ἔβη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς.\nοἳ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀναβάντες ἐπέπλεον ὑγρὰ κέλευθα,\nλαοὺς δʼ Ἀτρεΐδης ἀπολυμαίνεσθαι ἄνωγεν·\nοἳ δʼ ἀπελυμαίνοντο καὶ εἰς ἅλα λύματα βάλλον,", "en": "Order other people about, not me, for I shall obey no longer. Furthermore I say, and lay my saying to your heart, I shall fight neither you nor any man about this girl, for those that take were those also that gave. But of all else that is at my ship you shall carry away nothing by force. Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.”\nWhen they had quarrelled thus angrily, they rose, and broke up the assembly at the ships of the Achaeans. The son of Peleus went back to his tents and ships with the son of Menoetius and his company, while Agamemnon drew a vessel into the water and chose a crew of twenty oarsmen. He escorted Chryseis on board and sent moreover a hecatomb for the god. And Ulysses went as captain.\nThese, then, went on board and sailed their ways over the sea. But the son of Atreus bade the people purify themselves; so they purified themselves and cast their filth into the sea." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.315–334", "orig": "ἕρδον δʼ Ἀπόλλωνι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας\nταύρων ἠδʼ αἰγῶν παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο·\nκνίση δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκεν ἑλισσομένη περὶ καπνῷ.\nὣς οἳ μὲν τὰ πένοντο κατὰ στρατόν· οὐδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nλῆγʼ ἔριδος τὴν πρῶτον ἐπηπείλησʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε Ταλθύβιόν τε καὶ Εὐρυβάτην προσέειπε,\nτώ οἱ ἔσαν κήρυκε καὶ ὀτρηρὼ θεράποντε·\nἔρχεσθον κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος·\nχειρὸς ἑλόντʼ ἀγέμεν Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον·\nεἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι\nἐλθὼν σὺν πλεόνεσσι· τό οἱ καὶ ῥίγιον ἔσται.\nὣς εἰπὼν προΐει, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·\nτὼ δʼ ἀέκοντε βάτην παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο,\nΜυρμιδόνων δʼ ἐπί τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἱκέσθην,\nτὸν δʼ εὗρον παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ\nἥμενον· οὐδʼ ἄρα τώ γε ἰδὼν γήθησεν Ἀχιλλεύς.\nτὼ μὲν ταρβήσαντε καὶ αἰδομένω βασιλῆα\nστήτην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·\nχαίρετε κήρυκες Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν,", "en": "Then they offered hecatombs of bulls and goats without blemish on the sea-shore, and the smoke with the savour of their sacrifice rose curling up towards heaven.\nThus did they busy themselves throughout the host. But Agamemnon did not forget the threat that he had made Achilles, and called his trusty messengers and squires Talthybius and Eurybates. “Go,” said he, “to the tent of Achilles, son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her, which will press him harder.”\nHe charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons. They found Achilles sitting by his tent and his ships, and ill-pleased he was when he beheld them. They stood fearfully and reverently before him, and never a word did they speak, but he knew them and said, “Welcome, heralds, messengers of gods and men;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.335–354", "orig": "ἆσσον ἴτʼ· οὔ τί μοι ὔμμες ἐπαίτιοι ἀλλʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,\nὃ σφῶϊ προΐει Βρισηΐδος εἵνεκα κούρης.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἔξαγε κούρην\nκαί σφωϊν δὸς ἄγειν· τὼ δʼ αὐτὼ μάρτυροι ἔστων\nπρός τε θεῶν μακάρων πρός τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων\nκαὶ πρὸς τοῦ βασιλῆος ἀπηνέος εἴ ποτε δʼ αὖτε\nχρειὼ ἐμεῖο γένηται ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι\nτοῖς ἄλλοις· ἦ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ὀλοιῇσι φρεσὶ θύει,\nοὐδέ τι οἶδε νοῆσαι ἅμα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω,\nὅππως οἱ παρὰ νηυσὶ σόοι μαχέοιντο Ἀχαιοί.\nὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ φίλῳ ἐπεπείθεθʼ ἑταίρῳ,\nἐκ δʼ ἄγαγε κλισίης Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον,\nδῶκε δʼ ἄγειν· τὼ δʼ αὖτις ἴτην παρὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν·\nἣ δʼ ἀέκουσʼ ἅμα τοῖσι γυνὴ κίεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nδακρύσας ἑτάρων ἄφαρ ἕζετο νόσφι λιασθείς,\nθῖνʼ ἔφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς, ὁρόων ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα πόντον·\nπολλὰ δὲ μητρὶ φίλῃ ἠρήσατο χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς·\nμῆτερ ἐπεί μʼ ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν περ ἐόντα,\nτιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι\nΖεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης· νῦν δʼ οὐδέ με τυτθὸν ἔτισεν·", "en": "draw near; my quarrel is not with you but with Agamemnon who has sent you for the girl Briseis. Therefore, Patroclus, bring her and give her to them, but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger, that if ever again there be need of me to save the people from ruin, they shall seek and they shall not find. Agamemnon is mad with rage and knows not how to look before and after that the Achaeans may fight by their ships in safety.”\nPatroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him. He brought Briseis from the tent and gave her over to the heralds, who took her with them to the ships of the Achaeans, and the woman was loth to go. Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters. He raised his hands in prayer to his immortal mother, “Mother,” he cried, “you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.355–369", "orig": "ἦ γάρ μʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.\nὣς φάτο δάκρυ χέων, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε πότνια μήτηρ\nἡμένη ἐν βένθεσσιν ἁλὸς παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι·\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἀνέδυ πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἠΰτʼ ὀμίχλη,\nκαί ῥα πάροιθʼ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο δάκρυ χέοντος,\nχειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος;\nἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε νόῳ, ἵνα εἴδομεν ἄμφω.\nτὴν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nοἶσθα· τί ἤ τοι ταῦτα ἰδυίῃ πάντʼ ἀγορεύω;\nᾠχόμεθʼ ἐς Θήβην ἱερὴν πόλιν Ἠετίωνος,\nτὴν δὲ διεπράθομέν τε καὶ ἤγομεν ἐνθάδε πάντα·\nκαὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ δάσσαντο μετὰ σφίσιν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,\nἐκ δʼ ἕλον Ἀτρεΐδῃ Χρυσηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον.", "en": "Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonour, and has robbed me of my prize by force.”\nAs he spoke he wept aloud, and his mother heard him where she was sitting in the depths of the sea hard by the old man her father. Forthwith she rose as it were a grey mist out of the waves, sat down before him as he stood weeping, caressed him with her hand, and said, “My son, why are you weeping? What is it that grieves you? Keep it not from me, but tell me, that we may know it together.”\nAchilles drew a deep sigh and said, “You know it; why tell you what you know well already? We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil. The sons of the Achaeans shared it duly among themselves, and chose lovely Chryseis as the meed of Agamemnon;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.370–384", "orig": "Χρύσης δʼ αὖθʼ ἱερεὺς ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος\nἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nλυσόμενός τε θύγατρα φέρων τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,\nστέμματʼ ἔχων ἐν χερσὶν ἑκηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος\nχρυσέῳ ἀνὰ σκήπτρῳ, καὶ λίσσετο πάντας Ἀχαιούς,\nἈτρεΐδα δὲ μάλιστα δύω κοσμήτορε λαῶν.\nἔνθʼ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἐπευφήμησαν Ἀχαιοὶ\nαἰδεῖσθαί θʼ ἱερῆα καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα·\nἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἥνδανε θυμῷ,\nἀλλὰ κακῶς ἀφίει, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·\nχωόμενος δʼ ὁ γέρων πάλιν ᾤχετο· τοῖο δʼ Ἀπόλλων\nεὐξαμένου ἤκουσεν, ἐπεὶ μάλα οἱ φίλος ἦεν,\nἧκε δʼ ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος· οἳ δέ νυ λαοὶ\nθνῇσκον ἐπασσύτεροι, τὰ δʼ ἐπῴχετο κῆλα θεοῖο\nπάντῃ ἀνὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν· ἄμμι δὲ μάντις", "en": "but Chryses, priest of Apollo, came to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo, wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus who were their chiefs.\n“On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. So he went back in anger, and Apollo, who loved him dearly, heard his prayer. Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.385–404", "orig": "εὖ εἰδὼς ἀγόρευε θεοπροπίας ἑκάτοιο.\nαὐτίκʼ ἐγὼ πρῶτος κελόμην θεὸν ἱλάσκεσθαι·\nἈτρεΐωνα δʼ ἔπειτα χόλος λάβεν, αἶψα δʼ ἀναστὰς\nἠπείλησεν μῦθον ὃ δὴ τετελεσμένος ἐστί·\nτὴν μὲν γὰρ σὺν νηῒ θοῇ ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐς Χρύσην πέμπουσιν, ἄγουσι δὲ δῶρα ἄνακτι·\nτὴν δὲ νέον κλισίηθεν ἔβαν κήρυκες ἄγοντες\nκούρην Βρισῆος τήν μοι δόσαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.\nἀλλὰ σὺ εἰ δύνασαί γε περίσχεο παιδὸς ἑῆος·\nἐλθοῦσʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ Δία λίσαι, εἴ ποτε δή τι\nἢ ἔπει ὤνησας κραδίην Διὸς ἠὲ καὶ ἔργῳ.\nπολλάκι γάρ σεο πατρὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄκουσα\nεὐχομένης ὅτʼ ἔφησθα κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι\nοἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι,\nὁππότε μιν ξυνδῆσαι Ὀλύμπιοι ἤθελον ἄλλοι\nἭρη τʼ ἠδὲ Ποσειδάων καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·\nἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γʼ ἐλθοῦσα θεὰ ὑπελύσαο δεσμῶν,\nὦχʼ ἑκατόγχειρον καλέσασʼ ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,\nὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες\nΑἰγαίωνʼ, ὃ γὰρ αὖτε βίην οὗ πατρὸς ἀμείνων·", "en": "At last a seer in the fulness of his knowledge declared to us the oracles of Apollo, and I was myself first to say that we should appease him. Whereon the son of Atreus rose in anger, and threatened that which he has since done. The Achaeans are now taking the girl in a ship to Chryse, and sending gifts of sacrifice to the god; but the heralds have just taken from my tent the daughter of Briseus, whom the Achaeans had awarded to myself.\n“Help your brave son, therefore, if you are able. Go to Olympus, and if you have ever done him service in word or deed, implore the aid of Jove. Ofttimes in my father’s house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others, with Juno, Neptune, and Pallas Minerva would have put him in bonds. It was you, goddess, who delivered him by calling to Olympus the hundred-handed monster whom gods call Briareus, but men Aegaeon, for he is stronger even than his father;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.405–424", "orig": "ὅς ῥα παρὰ Κρονίωνι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων·\nτὸν καὶ ὑπέδεισαν μάκαρες θεοὶ οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔδησαν.\nτῶν νῦν μιν μνήσασα παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων\nαἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι,\nτοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφʼ ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιοὺς\nκτεινομένους, ἵνα πάντες ἐπαύρωνται βασιλῆος,\nγνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἣν ἄτην ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισεν.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·\nὤ μοι τέκνον ἐμόν, τί νύ σʼ ἔτρεφον αἰνὰ τεκοῦσα;\nαἴθʼ ὄφελες παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀδάκρυτος καὶ ἀπήμων\nἧσθαι, ἐπεί νύ τοι αἶσα μίνυνθά περ οὔ τι μάλα δήν·\nνῦν δʼ ἅμα τʼ ὠκύμορος καὶ ὀϊζυρὸς περὶ πάντων\nἔπλεο· τώ σε κακῇ αἴσῃ τέκον ἐν μεγάροισι.\nτοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέουσα ἔπος Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ\nεἶμʼ αὐτὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἀγάννιφον αἴ κε πίθηται.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν νηυσὶ παρήμενος ὠκυπόροισι\nμήνιʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν, πολέμου δʼ ἀποπαύεο πάμπαν·\nΖεὺς γὰρ ἐς Ὠκεανὸν μετʼ ἀμύμονας Αἰθιοπῆας\nχθιζὸς ἔβη κατὰ δαῖτα, θεοὶ δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο·", "en": "when therefore he took his seat all-glorious beside the son of Saturn, the other gods were afraid, and did not bind him. Go, then, to him, remind him of all this, clasp his knees, and bid him give succour to the Trojans. Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king, and that Agamemnon may rue his blindness in offering insult to the foremost of the Achaeans.”\nThetis wept and answered, “My son, woe is me that I should have borne or suckled you. Would indeed that you had lived your span free from all sorrow at your ships, for it is all too brief; alas, that you should be at once short of life and long of sorrow above your peers: woe, therefore, was the hour in which I bore you; nevertheless I will go to the snowy heights of Olympus, and tell this tale to Jove, if he will hear our prayer: meanwhile stay where you are with your ships, nurse your anger against the Achaeans, and hold aloof from fight. For Jove went yesterday to Oceanus, to a feast among the Ethiopians, and the other gods went with him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.425–439", "orig": "δωδεκάτῃ δέ τοι αὖτις ἐλεύσεται Οὔλυμπον δέ,\nκαὶ τότʼ ἔπειτά τοι εἶμι Διὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ,\nκαί μιν γουνάσομαι καί μιν πείσεσθαι ὀΐω.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσασʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τὸν δὲ λίπʼ αὐτοῦ\nχωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς\nτήν ῥα βίῃ ἀέκοντος ἀπηύρων· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς\nἐς Χρύσην ἵκανεν ἄγων ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντὸς ἵκοντο\nἱστία μὲν στείλαντο, θέσαν δʼ ἐν νηῒ μελαίνῃ,\nἱστὸν δʼ ἱστοδόκῃ πέλασαν προτόνοισιν ὑφέντες\nκαρπαλίμως, τὴν δʼ εἰς ὅρμον προέρεσσαν ἐρετμοῖς.\nἐκ δʼ εὐνὰς ἔβαλον, κατὰ δὲ πρυμνήσιʼ ἔδησαν·\nἐκ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βαῖνον ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης,\nἐκ δʼ ἑκατόμβην βῆσαν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι·\nἐκ δὲ Χρυσηῒς νηὸς βῆ ποντοπόροιο.", "en": "He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him.”\nOn this she left him, still furious at the loss of her that had been taken from him. Meanwhile Ulysses reached Chryse with the hecatomb. When they had come inside the harbour they furled the sails and laid them in the ship’s hold; they slackened the forestays, lowered the mast into its place, and rowed the ship to the place where they would have her lie; there they cast out their mooring-stones and made fast the hawsers. They then got out upon the sea-shore and landed the hecatomb for Apollo; Chryseis also left the ship," }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.440–459", "orig": "τὴν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπὶ βωμὸν ἄγων πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς\nπατρὶ φίλῳ ἐν χερσὶ τίθει καί μιν προσέειπεν·\nὦ Χρύση, πρό μʼ ἔπεμψεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nπαῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν, Φοίβῳ θʼ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην\nῥέξαι ὑπὲρ Δαναῶν ὄφρʼ ἱλασόμεσθα ἄνακτα,\nὃς νῦν Ἀργείοισι πολύστονα κήδεʼ ἐφῆκεν.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει, ὃ δὲ δέξατο χαίρων\nπαῖδα φίλην· τοὶ δʼ ὦκα θεῷ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην\nἑξείης ἔστησαν ἐΰδμητον περὶ βωμόν,\nχερνίψαντο δʼ ἔπειτα καὶ οὐλοχύτας ἀνέλοντο.\nτοῖσιν δὲ Χρύσης μεγάλʼ εὔχετο χεῖρας ἀνασχών·\nκλῦθί μευ ἀργυρότοξʼ, ὃς Χρύσην ἀμφιβέβηκας\nΚίλλαν τε ζαθέην Τενέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάσσεις·\nἦ μὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμεῦ πάρος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο,\nτίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δʼ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·\nἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδʼ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·\nἤδη νῦν Δαναοῖσιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἄμυνον.\nὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο,\nαὐέρυσαν μὲν πρῶτα καὶ ἔσφαξαν καὶ ἔδειραν,", "en": "and Ulysses led her to the altar to deliver her into the hands of her father. “Chryses,” said he, “King Agamemnon has sent me to bring you back your child, and to offer sacrifice to Apollo on behalf of the Danaans, that we may propitiate the god, who has now brought sorrow upon the Argives.”\nSo saying he gave the girl over to her father, who received her gladly, and they ranged the holy hecatomb all orderly round the altar of the god. They washed their hands and took up the barley-meal to sprinkle over the victims, while Chryses lifted up his hands and prayed aloud on their behalf. “Hear me,” he cried, “O god of the silver bow, that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla, and rulest Tenedos with thy might. Even as thou didst hear me aforetime when I prayed, and didst press hardly upon the Achaeans, so hear me yet again, and stay this fearful pestilence from the Danaans.”\nThus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal, they drew back the heads of the victims and killed and flayed them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.460–474", "orig": "μηρούς τʼ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν\nδίπτυχα ποιήσαντες, ἐπʼ αὐτῶν δʼ ὠμοθέτησαν·\nκαῖε δʼ ἐπὶ σχίζῃς ὁ γέρων, ἐπὶ δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον\nλεῖβε· νέοι δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἔχον πεμπώβολα χερσίν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρε κάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο,\nμίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν,\nὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα\nδαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,\nκοῦροι μὲν κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο,\nνώμησαν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεσσιν·\nοἳ δὲ πανημέριοι μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάσκοντο\nκαλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν\nμέλποντες ἑκάεργον· ὃ δὲ φρένα τέρπετʼ ἀκούων.", "en": "They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers of fat, set some pieces of raw meat on the top of them, and then Chryses laid them on the wood fire and poured wine over them, while the young men stood near him with five-pronged spits in their hands. When the thigh-bones were burned and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces upon the spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off: then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, pages filled the mixing-bowl with wine and water and handed it round, after giving every man his drink-offering.\nThus all day long the young men worshipped the god with song, hymning him and chaunting the joyous paean, and the god took pleasure in their voices;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.475–489", "orig": "ἦμος δʼ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε,\nδὴ τότε κοιμήσαντο παρὰ πρυμνήσια νηός·\nἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,\nκαὶ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀνάγοντο μετὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν·\nτοῖσιν δʼ ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·\nοἳ δʼ ἱστὸν στήσαντʼ ἀνά θʼ ἱστία λευκὰ πέτασσαν,\nἐν δʼ ἄνεμος πρῆσεν μέσον ἱστίον, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα\nστείρῃ πορφύρεον μεγάλʼ ἴαχε νηὸς ἰούσης·\nἣ δʼ ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα διαπρήσσουσα κέλευθον.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἵκοντο κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν,\nνῆα μὲν οἵ γε μέλαιναν ἐπʼ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν\nὑψοῦ ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις, ὑπὸ δʼ ἕρματα μακρὰ τάνυσσαν·\nαὐτοὶ δʼ ἐσκίδναντο κατὰ κλισίας τε νέας τε.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μήνιε νηυσὶ παρήμενος ὠκυπόροισι\nδιογενὴς Πηλῆος υἱὸς πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·", "en": "but when the sun went down, and it came on dark, they laid themselves down to sleep by the stern cables of the ship, and when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared they again set sail for the host of the Achaeans. Apollo sent them a fair wind, so they raised their mast and hoisted their white sails aloft. As the sail bellied with the wind the ship flew through the deep blue water, and the foam hissed against her bows as she sped onward. When they reached the wide-stretching host of the Achaeans, they drew the vessel ashore, high and dry upon the sands, set her strong props beneath her, and went their ways to their own tents and ships.\nBut Achilles abode at his ships and nursed his anger." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.490–504", "orig": "οὔτέ ποτʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν πωλέσκετο κυδιάνειραν\nοὔτέ ποτʼ ἐς πόλεμον, ἀλλὰ φθινύθεσκε φίλον κῆρ\nαὖθι μένων, ποθέεσκε δʼ ἀϋτήν τε πτόλεμόν τε.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετʼ ἠώς,\nκαὶ τότε δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἴσαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες\nπάντες ἅμα, Ζεὺς δʼ ἦρχε· Θέτις δʼ οὐ λήθετʼ ἐφετμέων\nπαιδὸς ἑοῦ, ἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ ἀνεδύσετο κῦμα θαλάσσης.\nἠερίη δʼ ἀνέβη μέγαν οὐρανὸν Οὔλυμπόν τε.\nεὗρεν δʼ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων\nἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο·\nκαί ῥα πάροιθʼ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο, καὶ λάβε γούνων\nσκαιῇ, δεξιτερῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπʼ ἀνθερεῶνος ἑλοῦσα\nλισσομένη προσέειπε Δία Κρονίωνα ἄνακτα·\nΖεῦ πάτερ εἴ ποτε δή σε μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ὄνησα\nἢ ἔπει ἢ ἔργῳ, τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·", "en": "He went not to the honourable assembly, and sallied not forth to fight, but gnawed at his own heart, pining for battle and the war-cry.\nNow after twelve days the immortal gods came back in a body to Olympus, and Jove led the way. Thetis was not unmindful of the charge her son had laid upon her, so she rose from under the sea and went through great heaven with early morning to Olympus, where she found the mighty son of Saturn sitting all alone upon its topmost ridges. She sat herself down before him, and with her left hand seized his knees, while with her right she caught him under the chin, and besought him, saying:\n“Father Jove, if I ever did you service in word or deed among the immortals, hear my prayer," }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.505–524", "orig": "τίμησόν μοι υἱὸν ὃς ὠκυμορώτατος ἄλλων\nἔπλετʼ· ἀτάρ μιν νῦν γε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.\nἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μιν τῖσον Ὀλύμπιε μητίετα Ζεῦ·\nτόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι τίθει κράτος ὄφρʼ ἂν Ἀχαιοὶ\nυἱὸν ἐμὸν τίσωσιν ὀφέλλωσίν τέ ἑ τιμῇ.\nὣς φάτο· τὴν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς,\nἀλλʼ ἀκέων δὴν ἧστο· Θέτις δʼ ὡς ἥψατο γούνων\nὣς ἔχετʼ ἐμπεφυυῖα, καὶ εἴρετο δεύτερον αὖτις·\nνημερτὲς μὲν δή μοι ὑπόσχεο καὶ κατάνευσον\nἢ ἀπόειπʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι ἔπι δέος, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδέω\nὅσσον ἐγὼ μετὰ πᾶσιν ἀτιμοτάτη θεός εἰμι.\nτὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἦ δὴ λοίγια ἔργʼ ὅ τέ μʼ ἐχθοδοπῆσαι ἐφήσεις\nἭρῃ ὅτʼ ἄν μʼ ἐρέθῃσιν ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσιν·\nἣ δὲ καὶ αὔτως μʼ αἰεὶ ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι\nνεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν αὖτις ἀπόστιχε μή τι νοήσῃ\nἭρη· ἐμοὶ δέ κε ταῦτα μελήσεται ὄφρα τελέσσω·\nεἰ δʼ ἄγε τοι κεφαλῇ κατανεύσομαι ὄφρα πεποίθῃς·", "en": "and do honour to my son, whose life is to be cut short so early. King Agamemnon has dishonoured him by taking his prize and keeping her. Honour him then yourself, Olympian lord of counsel, and grant victory to the Trojans, till the Achaeans give my son his due and load him with riches in requital.”\nJove sat for a while silent, and without a word, but Thetis still kept firm hold of his knees, and besought him a second time. “Incline your head,” said she, “and promise me surely, or else deny me, for you have nothing to fear, that I may learn how greatly you disdain me.”\nAt this Jove was much troubled and answered, “I shall have trouble if you set me quarrelling with Juno, for she will provoke me with her taunting speeches; even now she is always railing at me before the other gods and accusing me of giving aid to the Trojans. Go back now, lest she should find out. I will consider the matter, and will bring it about as you wish." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.525–544", "orig": "τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξ ἐμέθεν γε μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι μέγιστον\nτέκμωρ· οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν παλινάγρετον οὐδʼ ἀπατηλὸν\nοὐδʼ ἀτελεύτητον ὅ τί κεν κεφαλῇ κατανεύσω.\nἦ καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε Κρονίων·\nἀμβρόσιαι δʼ ἄρα χαῖται ἐπερρώσαντο ἄνακτος\nκρατὸς ἀπʼ ἀθανάτοιο· μέγαν δʼ ἐλέλιξεν Ὄλυμπον.\nτώ γʼ ὣς βουλεύσαντε διέτμαγεν· ἣ μὲν ἔπειτα\nεἰς ἅλα ἆλτο βαθεῖαν ἀπʼ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου,\nΖεὺς δὲ ἑὸν πρὸς δῶμα· θεοὶ δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἀνέσταν\nἐξ ἑδέων σφοῦ πατρὸς ἐναντίον· οὐδέ τις ἔτλη\nμεῖναι ἐπερχόμενον, ἀλλʼ ἀντίοι ἔσταν ἅπαντες.\nὣς ὃ μὲν ἔνθα καθέζετʼ ἐπὶ θρόνου· οὐδέ μιν Ἥρη\nἠγνοίησεν ἰδοῦσʼ ὅτι οἱ συμφράσσατο βουλὰς\nἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος.\nαὐτίκα κερτομίοισι Δία Κρονίωνα προσηύδα·\nτίς δʼ αὖ τοι δολομῆτα θεῶν συμφράσσατο βουλάς;\nαἰεί τοι φίλον ἐστὶν ἐμεῦ ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἐόντα\nκρυπτάδια φρονέοντα δικαζέμεν· οὐδέ τί πώ μοι\nπρόφρων τέτληκας εἰπεῖν ἔπος ὅττι νοήσῃς.\nτὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·", "en": "See, I incline my head that you may believe me. This is the most solemn promise that I can give to any god. I never recall my word, or deceive, or fail to do what I say, when I have nodded my head.”\nAs he spoke the son of Saturn bowed his dark brows, and the ambrosial locks swayed on his immortal head, till vast Olympus reeled.\nWhen the pair had thus laid their plans, they parted, Jove to his house, while the goddess quitted the splendour of Olympus, and plunged into the depths of the sea. The gods rose from their seats, before the coming of their sire. Not one of them dared to remain sitting, but all stood up as he came among them. There, then, he took his seat. But Juno, when she saw him, knew that he and the old merman’s daughter, silver-footed Thetis, had been hatching mischief, so she at once began to upbraid him. “Trickster,” she cried, “which of the gods have you been taking into your counsels now? You are always settling matters in secret behind my back, and have never yet told me, if you could help it, one word of your intentions.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.545–559", "orig": "Ἥρη μὴ δὴ πάντας ἐμοὺς ἐπιέλπεο μύθους\nεἰδήσειν· χαλεποί τοι ἔσοντʼ ἀλόχῳ περ ἐούσῃ·\nἀλλʼ ὃν μέν κʼ ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν οὔ τις ἔπειτα\nοὔτε θεῶν πρότερος τὸν εἴσεται οὔτʼ ἀνθρώπων·\nὃν δέ κʼ ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε θεῶν ἐθέλωμι νοῆσαι\nμή τι σὺ ταῦτα ἕκαστα διείρεο μηδὲ μετάλλα.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·\nαἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες;\nκαὶ λίην σε πάρος γʼ οὔτʼ εἴρομαι οὔτε μεταλλῶ,\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι ἅσσʼ ἐθέλῃσθα.\nνῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή σε παρείπῃ\nἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος·\nἠερίη γὰρ σοί γε παρέζετο καὶ λάβε γούνων·\nτῇ σʼ ὀΐω κατανεῦσαι ἐτήτυμον ὡς Ἀχιλῆα\nτιμήσῃς, ὀλέσῃς δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "“Juno,” replied the sire of gods and men, “you must not expect to be informed of all my counsels. You are my wife, but you would find it hard to understand them. When it is proper for you to hear, there is no one, god or man, who will be told sooner, but when I mean to keep a matter to myself, you must not pry nor ask questions.”\n“Dread son of Saturn,” answered Juno, “what are you talking about? I? Pry and ask questions? Never. I let you have your own way in everything. Still, I have a strong misgiving that the old merman’s daughter Thetis has been talking you over, for she was with you and had hold of your knees this self-same morning. I believe, therefore, that you have been promising her to give glory to Achilles, and to kill much people at the ships of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.560–579", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nδαιμονίη αἰεὶ μὲν ὀΐεαι οὐδέ σε λήθω·\nπρῆξαι δʼ ἔμπης οὔ τι δυνήσεαι, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ θυμοῦ\nμᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι· τὸ δέ τοι καὶ ῥίγιον ἔσται.\nεἰ δʼ οὕτω τοῦτʼ ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι·\nἀλλʼ ἀκέουσα κάθησο, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπιπείθεο μύθῳ,\nμή νύ τοι οὐ χραίσμωσιν ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ\nἆσσον ἰόνθʼ, ὅτε κέν τοι ἀάπτους χεῖρας ἐφείω.\nὣς ἔφατʼ ἔδεισεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη,\nκαί ῥʼ ἀκέουσα καθῆστο ἐπιγνάμψασα φίλον κῆρ·\nὄχθησαν δʼ ἀνὰ δῶμα Διὸς θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες·\nτοῖσιν δʼ Ἥφαιστος κλυτοτέχνης ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν\nμητρὶ φίλῃ ἐπίηρα φέρων λευκωλένῳ Ἥρῃ·\nἦ δὴ λοίγια ἔργα τάδʼ ἔσσεται οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀνεκτά,\nεἰ δὴ σφὼ ἕνεκα θνητῶν ἐριδαίνετον ὧδε,\nἐν δὲ θεοῖσι κολῳὸν ἐλαύνετον· οὐδέ τι δαιτὸς\nἐσθλῆς ἔσσεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ.\nμητρὶ δʼ ἐγὼ παράφημι καὶ αὐτῇ περ νοεούσῃ\nπατρὶ φίλῳ ἐπίηρα φέρειν Διί, ὄφρα μὴ αὖτε\nνεικείῃσι πατήρ, σὺν δʼ ἡμῖν δαῖτα ταράξῃ.", "en": "“Wife,” said Jove, “I can do nothing but you suspect me and find it out. You will take nothing by it, for I shall only dislike you the more, and it will go harder with you. Granted that it is as you say; I mean to have it so; sit down and hold your tongue as I bid you for if I once begin to lay my hands about you, though all heaven were on your side it would profit you nothing.”\nOn this Juno was frightened, so she curbed her stubborn will and sat down in silence. But the heavenly beings were disquieted throughout the house of Jove, till the cunning workman Vulcan began to try and pacify his mother Juno. “It will be intolerable,” said he, “if you two fall to wrangling and setting heaven in an uproar about a pack of mortals. If such ill counsels are to prevail, we shall have no pleasure at our banquet. Let me then advise my mother, and she must herself know that it will be better, to make friends with my dear father Jove, lest he again scold her and disturb our feast." }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.580–594", "orig": "εἴ περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος ἀστεροπητὴς\nἐξ ἑδέων στυφελίξαι· ὃ γὰρ πολὺ φέρτατός ἐστιν.\nἀλλὰ σὺ τὸν ἐπέεσσι καθάπτεσθαι μαλακοῖσιν·\nαὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ἵλαος Ὀλύμπιος ἔσσεται ἡμῖν.\nὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη καὶ ἀναΐξας δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον\nμητρὶ φίλῃ ἐν χειρὶ τίθει καί μιν προσέειπε·\nτέτλαθι μῆτερ ἐμή, καὶ ἀνάσχεο κηδομένη περ,\nμή σε φίλην περ ἐοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωμαι\nθεινομένην, τότε δʼ οὔ τι δυνήσομαι ἀχνύμενός περ\nχραισμεῖν· ἀργαλέος γὰρ Ὀλύμπιος ἀντιφέρεσθαι·\nἤδη γάρ με καὶ ἄλλοτʼ ἀλεξέμεναι μεμαῶτα\nῥῖψε ποδὸς τεταγὼν ἀπὸ βηλοῦ θεσπεσίοιο,\nπᾶν δʼ ἦμαρ φερόμην, ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι\nκάππεσον ἐν Λήμνῳ, ὀλίγος δʼ ἔτι θυμὸς ἐνῆεν·\nἔνθά με Σίντιες ἄνδρες ἄφαρ κομίσαντο πεσόντα.", "en": "If the Olympian Thunderer wants to hurl us all from our seats, he can do so, for he is far the strongest, so give him fair words, and he will then soon be in a good humour with us.”\nAs he spoke, he took a double cup of nectar, and placed it in his mother’s hand. “Cheer up, my dear mother,” said he, “and make the best of it. I love you dearly, and should be very sorry to see you get a thrashing; however grieved I might be, I could not help, for there is no standing against Jove. Once before when I was trying to help you, he caught me by the foot and flung me from the heavenly threshold. All day long from morn till eve, was I falling, till at sunset I came to ground in the island of Lemnos, and there I lay, with very little life left in me, till the Sintians came and tended me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 1.595–611", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,\nμειδήσασα δὲ παιδὸς ἐδέξατο χειρὶ κύπελλον·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖς ἄλλοισι θεοῖς ἐνδέξια πᾶσιν\nοἰνοχόει γλυκὺ νέκταρ ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ἀφύσσων·\nἄσβεστος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνῶρτο γέλως μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν\nὡς ἴδον Ἥφαιστον διὰ δώματα ποιπνύοντα.\nὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα\nδαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης,\nοὐ μὲν φόρμιγγος περικαλλέος ἣν ἔχʼ Ἀπόλλων,\nΜουσάων θʼ αἳ ἄειδον ἀμειβόμεναι ὀπὶ καλῇ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατέδυ λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο,\nοἳ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκον δὲ ἕκαστος,\nἧχι ἑκάστῳ δῶμα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις\nἭφαιστος ποίησεν ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι·\nΖεὺς δὲ πρὸς ὃν λέχος ἤϊʼ Ὀλύμπιος ἀστεροπητής,\nἔνθα πάρος κοιμᾶθʼ ὅτε μιν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἱκάνοι·\nἔνθα καθεῦδʼ ἀναβάς, παρὰ δὲ χρυσόθρονος Ἥρη.", "en": "Juno smiled at this, and as she smiled she took the cup from her son’s hands. Then Vulcan drew sweet nectar from the mixing-bowl, and served it round among the gods, going from left to right; and the blessed gods laughed out a loud applause as they saw him bustling about the heavenly mansion.\nThus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun they feasted, and every one had his full share, so that all were satisfied. Apollo struck his lyre, and the Muses lifted up their sweet voices, calling and answering one another. But when the sun’s glorious light had faded, they went home to bed, each in his own abode, which lame Vulcan with his consummate skill had fashioned for them. So Jove, the Olympian Lord of Thunder, hied him to the bed in which he always slept; and when he had got on to it he went to sleep, with Juno of the golden throne by his side." } ], "2": [ { "ref": "Iliad 2.1–19", "orig": "ἄλλοι μέν ῥα θεοί τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ\nεὗδον παννύχιοι, Δία δʼ οὐκ ἔχε νήδυμος ὕπνος,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε μερμήριζε κατὰ φρένα ὡς Ἀχιλῆα\nτιμήσῃ, ὀλέσῃ δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.\nἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή,\nπέμψαι ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι οὖλον ὄνειρον·\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nβάσκʼ ἴθι οὖλε ὄνειρε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν·\nἐλθὼν ἐς κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο\nπάντα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλω·\nθωρῆξαί ἑ κέλευε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nπανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοι πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν\nΤρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες\nἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας\nἭρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται.\nὣς φάτο, βῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὄνειρος ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον ἄκουσε·\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκανε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,\nβῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα· τὸν δὲ κίχανεν\nεὕδοντʼ ἐν κλισίῃ, περὶ δʼ ἀμβρόσιος κέχυθʼ ὕπνος.", "en": "Now the other gods and the armed warriors on the plain slept soundly, but Jove was wakeful, for he was thinking how to do honour to Achilles, and destroyed much people at the ships of the Achaeans. In the end he deemed it would be best to send a lying dream to King Agamemnon; so he called one to him and said to it, “Lying Dream, go to the ships of the Achaeans, into the tent of Agamemnon, and say to him word for word as I now bid you. Tell him to get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for he shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans.”\nThe dream went when it had heard its message, and soon reached the ships of the Achaeans. It sought Agamemnon son of Atreus and found him in his tent, wrapped in a profound slumber." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.20–34", "orig": "στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς Νηληΐῳ υἷι ἐοικώς\nΝέστορι, τόν ῥα μάλιστα γερόντων τῖʼ Ἀγαμέμνων·\nτῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσεφώνεε θεῖος ὄνειρος·\nεὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο·\nοὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα\nᾧ λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε·\nνῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι,\nὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει.\nθωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nπανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν\nΤρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες\nἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας\nἭρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται\nἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσί, μηδέ σε λήθη\nαἱρείτω εὖτʼ ἄν σε μελίφρων ὕπνος ἀνήῃ.", "en": "It hovered over his head in the likeness of Nestor, son of Neleus, whom Agamemnon honoured above all his councillors, and said:\n“You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I come as a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this, and when you wake see that it does not escape you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.35–54", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπεβήσετο, τὸν δὲ λίπʼ αὐτοῦ\nτὰ φρονέοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἅ ῥʼ οὐ τελέεσθαι ἔμελλον·\nφῆ γὰρ ὅ γʼ αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν ἤματι κείνῳ\nνήπιος, οὐδὲ τὰ ᾔδη ἅ ῥα Ζεὺς μήδετο ἔργα·\nθήσειν γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔμελλεν ἐπʼ ἄλγεά τε στοναχάς τε\nΤρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι διὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας.\nἔγρετο δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου, θείη δέ μιν ἀμφέχυτʼ ὀμφή·\nἕζετο δʼ ὀρθωθείς, μαλακὸν δʼ ἔνδυνε χιτῶνα\nκαλὸν νηγάτεον, περὶ δὲ μέγα βάλλετο φᾶρος·\nποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον·\nεἵλετο δὲ σκῆπτρον πατρώϊον ἄφθιτον αἰεὶ\nσὺν τῷ ἔβη κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·\nἠὼς μέν ῥα θεὰ προσεβήσετο μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον\nΖηνὶ φόως ἐρέουσα καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισιν·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσε\nκηρύσσειν ἀγορὴν δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς·\nοἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, τοὶ δʼ ἠγείροντο μάλʼ ὦκα·\nβουλὴν δὲ πρῶτον μεγαθύμων ἷζε γερόντων\nΝεστορέῃ παρὰ νηῒ Πυλοιγενέος βασιλῆος·", "en": "The dream then left him, and he thought of things that were surely not to be accomplished. He thought that on that same day he was to take the city of Priam, but he little knew what was in the mind of Jove, who had many another hard-fought fight in store alike for Danaans and Trojans. Then presently he woke, with the divine message still ringing in his ears; so he sat upright, and put on his soft shirt so fair and new, and over this his heavy cloak. He bound his sandals on to his comely feet, and slung his silver-studded sword about his shoulders; then he took the imperishable staff of his father, and sallied forth to the ships of the Achaeans.\nThe goddess Dawn now wended her way to vast Olympus that she might herald day to Jove and to the other immortals, and Agamemnon sent the criers round to call the people in assembly; so they called them and the people gathered thereon. But first he summoned a meeting of the elders at the ship of Nestor king of Pylos, and when they were assembled he laid a cunning counsel before them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.55–74", "orig": "τοὺς ὅ γε συγκαλέσας πυκινὴν ἀρτύνετο βουλήν·\nκλῦτε φίλοι· θεῖός μοι ἐνύπνιον ἦλθεν ὄνειρος\nἀμβροσίην διὰ νύκτα· μάλιστα δὲ Νέστορι δίῳ\nεἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τʼ ἄγχιστα ἐῴκει·\nστῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί με πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nεὕδεις Ἀτρέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο·\nοὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα,\nᾧ λαοί τʼ ἐπιτετράφαται καὶ τόσσα μέμηλε·\nνῦν δʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι,\nὃς σεῦ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει·\nθωρῆξαί σε κέλευσε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nπανσυδίῃ· νῦν γάρ κεν ἕλοις πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν\nΤρώων· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἀμφὶς Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες\nἀθάνατοι φράζονται· ἐπέγναμψεν γὰρ ἅπαντας\nἭρη λισσομένη, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπται\nἐκ Διός· ἀλλὰ σὺ σῇσιν ἔχε φρεσίν· ὣς ὃ μὲν εἰπὼν\nᾤχετʼ ἀποπτάμενος, ἐμὲ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ αἴ κέν πως θωρήξομεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν·\nπρῶτα δʼ ἐγὼν ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι, ἣ θέμις ἐστί,\nκαὶ φεύγειν σὺν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι κελεύσω·", "en": "“My friends,” said he, “I have had a dream from heaven in the dead of night, and its face and figure resembled none but Nestor’s. It hovered over my head and said, ‘You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I am a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this.’ The dream then vanished and I awoke. Let us now, therefore, arm the sons of the Achaeans. But it will be well that I should first sound them, and to this end I will tell them to fly with their ships;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.75–94", "orig": "ὑμεῖς δʼ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος ἐρητύειν ἐπέεσσιν.\nἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο, τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη\nΝέστωρ, ὅς ῥα Πύλοιο ἄναξ ἦν ἠμαθόεντος,\nὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nεἰ μέν τις τὸν ὄνειρον Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἔνισπε\nψεῦδός κεν φαῖμεν καὶ νοσφιζοίμεθα μᾶλλον·\nνῦν δʼ ἴδεν ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται εἶναι·\nἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ αἴ κέν πως θωρήξομεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας βουλῆς ἐξῆρχε νέεσθαι,\nοἳ δʼ ἐπανέστησαν πείθοντό τε ποιμένι λαῶν\nσκηπτοῦχοι βασιλῆες· ἐπεσσεύοντο δὲ λαοί.\nἠΰτε ἔθνεα εἶσι μελισσάων ἁδινάων\nπέτρης ἐκ γλαφυρῆς αἰεὶ νέον ἐρχομενάων,\nβοτρυδὸν δὲ πέτονται ἐπʼ ἄνθεσιν εἰαρινοῖσιν·\nαἳ μέν τʼ ἔνθα ἅλις πεποτήαται, αἳ δέ τε ἔνθα·\nὣς τῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων\nἠϊόνος προπάροιθε βαθείης ἐστιχόωντο\nἰλαδὸν εἰς ἀγορήν· μετὰ δέ σφισιν ὄσσα δεδήει\nὀτρύνουσʼ ἰέναι Διὸς ἄγγελος· οἳ δʼ ἀγέροντο.", "en": "but do you others go about among the host and prevent their doing so.”\nHe then sat down, and Nestor the prince of Pylos with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: “My friends,” said he, “princes and councillors of the Argives, if any other man of the Achaeans had told us of this dream we should have declared it false, and would have had nothing to do with it. But he who has seen it is the foremost man among us; we must therefore set about getting the people under arms.”\nWith this he led the way from the assembly, and the other sceptred kings rose with him in obedience to the word of Agamemnon; but the people pressed forward to hear. They swarmed like bees that sally from some hollow cave and flit in countless throng among the spring flowers, bunched in knots and clusters; even so did the mighty multitude pour from ships and tents to the assembly, and range themselves upon the wide-watered shore, while among them ran Wildfire Rumour, messenger of Jove, urging them ever to the fore." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.95–114", "orig": "τετρήχει δʼ ἀγορή, ὑπὸ δὲ στεναχίζετο γαῖα\nλαῶν ἱζόντων, ὅμαδος δʼ ἦν· ἐννέα δέ σφεας\nκήρυκες βοόωντες ἐρήτυον, εἴ ποτʼ ἀϋτῆς\nσχοίατʼ, ἀκούσειαν δὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.\nσπουδῇ δʼ ἕζετο λαός, ἐρήτυθεν δὲ καθʼ ἕδρας\nπαυσάμενοι κλαγγῆς· ἀνὰ δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἔστη σκῆπτρον ἔχων τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων.\nἭφαιστος μὲν δῶκε Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι,\nαὐτὰρ ἄρα Ζεὺς δῶκε διακτόρῳ ἀργεϊφόντῃ·\nἙρμείας δὲ ἄναξ δῶκεν Πέλοπι πληξίππῳ,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε Πέλοψ δῶκʼ Ἀτρέϊ ποιμένι λαῶν,\nἈτρεὺς δὲ θνῄσκων ἔλιπεν πολύαρνι Θυέστῃ,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτε Θυέστʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι λεῖπε φορῆναι,\nπολλῇσιν νήσοισι καὶ Ἄργεϊ παντὶ ἀνάσσειν.\nτῷ ὅ γʼ ἐρεισάμενος ἔπεʼ Ἀργείοισι μετηύδα·\nὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος\nΖεύς με μέγα Κρονίδης ἄτῃ ἐνέδησε βαρείῃ,\nσχέτλιος, ὃς πρὶν μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν\nἼλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι,\nνῦν δὲ κακὴν ἀπάτην βουλεύσατο, καί με κελεύει", "en": "Thus they gathered in a pell-mell of mad confusion, and the earth groaned under the tramp of men as the people sought their places. Nine heralds went crying about among them to stay their tumult and bid them listen to the kings, till at last they were got into their several places and ceased their clamour. Then King Agamemnon rose, holding his sceptre. This was the work of Vulcan, who gave it to Jove the son of Saturn. Jove gave it to Mercury, slayer of Argus, guide and guardian. King Mercury gave it to Pelops, the mighty charioteer, and Pelops to Atreus, shepherd of his people. Atreus, when he died, left it to Thyestes, rich in flocks, and Thyestes in his turn left it to be borne by Agamemnon, that he might be lord of all Argos and of the isles. Leaning, then, on his sceptre, he addressed the Argives.\n“My friends,” he said, “heroes, servants of Mars, the hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me. Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack the city of Priam before returning, but he has played me false, and is now bidding me go ingloriously back to Argos with the loss of much people." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.115–134", "orig": "δυσκλέα Ἄργος ἱκέσθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν.\nοὕτω που Διὶ μέλλει ὑπερμενέϊ φίλον εἶναι,\nὃς δὴ πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα\nἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ λύσει· τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.\nαἰσχρὸν γὰρ τόδε γʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι\nμὰψ οὕτω τοιόνδε τοσόνδε τε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν\nἄπρηκτον πόλεμον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι\nἀνδράσι παυροτέροισι, τέλος δʼ οὔ πώ τι πέφανται·\nεἴ περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλοιμεν Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε\nὅρκια πιστὰ ταμόντες ἀριθμηθήμεναι ἄμφω,\nΤρῶας μὲν λέξασθαι ἐφέστιοι ὅσσοι ἔασιν,\nἡμεῖς δʼ ἐς δεκάδας διακοσμηθεῖμεν Ἀχαιοί,\nΤρώων δʼ ἄνδρα ἕκαστοι ἑλοίμεθα οἰνοχοεύειν,\nπολλαί κεν δεκάδες δευοίατο οἰνοχόοιο.\nτόσσον ἐγώ φημι πλέας ἔμμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nΤρώων, οἳ ναίουσι κατὰ πτόλιν· ἀλλʼ ἐπίκουροι\nπολλέων ἐκ πολίων ἐγχέσπαλοι ἄνδρες ἔασιν,\nοἵ με μέγα πλάζουσι καὶ οὐκ εἰῶσʼ ἐθέλοντα\nἸλίου ἐκπέρσαι εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον.\nἐννέα δὴ βεβάασι Διὸς μεγάλου ἐνιαυτοί,", "en": "Such is the will of Jove, who has laid many a proud city in the dust, as he will yet lay others, for his power is above all. It will be a sorry tale hereafter that an Achaean host, at once so great and valiant, battled in vain against men fewer in number than themselves; but as yet the end is not in sight. Think that the Achaeans and Trojans have sworn to a solemn covenant, and that they have each been numbered, the Trojans by the roll of their householders, and we by companies of ten; think further that each of our companies desired to have a Trojan householder to pour out their wine; we are so greatly more in number that full many a company would have to go without its cup-bearer. But they have in the town allies from other places, and it is these that hinder me from being able to sack the rich city of Ilius. Nine of Jove’s years are gone;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.135–154", "orig": "καὶ δὴ δοῦρα σέσηπε νεῶν καὶ σπάρτα λέλυνται·\nαἳ δέ που ἡμέτεραί τʼ ἄλοχοι καὶ νήπια τέκνα\nεἵατʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροις ποτιδέγμεναι· ἄμμι δὲ ἔργον\nαὔτως ἀκράαντον οὗ εἵνεκα δεῦρʼ ἱκόμεσθα.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες·\nφεύγωμεν σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν·\nοὐ γὰρ ἔτι Τροίην αἱρήσομεν εὐρυάγυιαν.\nὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε\nπᾶσι μετὰ πληθὺν ὅσοι οὐ βουλῆς ἐπάκουσαν·\nκινήθη δʼ ἀγορὴ φὴ κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης\nπόντου Ἰκαρίοιο, τὰ μέν τʼ Εὖρός τε Νότος τε\nὤρορʼ ἐπαΐξας πατρὸς Διὸς ἐκ νεφελάων.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε κινήσῃ Ζέφυρος βαθὺ λήϊον ἐλθὼν\nλάβρος ἐπαιγίζων, ἐπί τʼ ἠμύει ἀσταχύεσσιν,\nὣς τῶν πᾶσʼ ἀγορὴ κινήθη· τοὶ δʼ ἀλαλητῷ\nνῆας ἔπʼ ἐσσεύοντο, ποδῶν δʼ ὑπένερθε κονίη\nἵστατʼ ἀειρομένη· τοὶ δʼ ἀλλήλοισι κέλευον\nἅπτεσθαι νηῶν ἠδʼ ἑλκέμεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,\nοὐρούς τʼ ἐξεκάθαιρον· ἀϋτὴ δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκεν\nοἴκαδε ἱεμένων· ὑπὸ δʼ ᾕρεον ἕρματα νηῶν.", "en": "the timbers of our ships have rotted; their tackling is sound no longer. Our wives and little ones at home look anxiously for our coming, but the work that we came hither to do has not been done. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say: let us sail back to our own land, for we shall not take Troy.”\nWith these words he moved the hearts of the multitude, so many of them as knew not the cunning counsel of Agamemnon. They surged to and fro like the waves of the Icarian Sea, when the east and south winds break from heaven’s clouds to lash them; or as when the west wind sweeps over a field of corn and the ears bow beneath the blast, even so were they swayed as they flew with loud cries towards the ships, and the dust from under their feet rose heavenward. They cheered each other on to draw the ships into the sea; they cleared the channels in front of them; they began taking away the stays from underneath them, and the welkin rang with their glad cries, so eager were they to return." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.155–169", "orig": "ἔνθά κεν Ἀργείοισιν ὑπέρμορα νόστος ἐτύχθη\nεἰ μὴ Ἀθηναίην Ἥρη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη,\nοὕτω δὴ οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nἈργεῖοι φεύξονται ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης,\nκὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιεν\nἈργείην Ἑλένην, ἧς εἵνεκα πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν\nἐν Τροίῃ ἀπόλοντο φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης·\nἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·\nσοῖς ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυε φῶτα ἕκαστον,\nμηδὲ ἔα νῆας ἅλα δʼ ἑλκέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα·\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκανε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.\nεὗρεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον", "en": "Then surely the Argives would have returned after a fashion that was not fated. But Juno said to Minerva, “Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, shall the Argives fly home to their own land over the broad sea, and leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea.”\nMinerva was not slack to do her bidding. Down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus, and in a moment she was at the ships of the Achaeans. There she found Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, standing alone." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.170–189", "orig": "ἑσταότʼ· οὐδʼ ὅ γε νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μελαίνης\nἅπτετʼ, ἐπεί μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἵκανεν·\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nδιογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ,\nοὕτω δὴ οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nφεύξεσθʼ ἐν νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι πεσόντες,\nκὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιτε\nἈργείην Ἑλένην, ἧς εἵνεκα πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν\nἐν Τροίῃ ἀπόλοντο φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης;\nἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, μηδʼ ἔτʼ ἐρώει,\nσοῖς δʼ ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρήτυε φῶτα ἕκαστον,\nμηδὲ ἔα νῆας ἅλα δʼ ἑλκέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.\nὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης,\nβῆ δὲ θέειν, ἀπὸ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλε· τὴν δὲ κόμισσε\nκῆρυξ Εὐρυβάτης Ἰθακήσιος ὅς οἱ ὀπήδει·\nαὐτὸς δʼ Ἀτρεΐδεω Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίος ἐλθὼν\nδέξατό οἱ σκῆπτρον πατρώϊον ἄφθιτον αἰεί·\nσὺν τῷ ἔβη κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.\nὅν τινα μὲν βασιλῆα καὶ ἔξοχον ἄνδρα κιχείη\nτὸν δʼ ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσιν ἐρητύσασκε παραστάς·", "en": "He had not as yet laid a hand upon his ship, for he was grieved and sorry; so she went close up to him and said, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, are you going to fling yourselves into your ships and be off home to your own land in this way? Will you leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea.”\nUlysses knew the voice as that of the goddess: he flung his cloak from him and set off to run. His servant Eurybates, a man of Ithaca, who waited on him, took charge of the cloak, whereon Ulysses went straight up to Agamemnon and received from him his ancestral, imperishable staff. With this he went about among the ships of the Achaeans.\nWhenever he met a king or chieftain, he stood by him and spoke him fairly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.190–204", "orig": "δαιμόνιʼ οὔ σε ἔοικε κακὸν ὣς δειδίσσεσθαι,\nἀλλʼ αὐτός τε κάθησο καὶ ἄλλους ἵδρυε λαούς·\nοὐ γάρ πω σάφα οἶσθʼ οἷος νόος Ἀτρεΐωνος·\nνῦν μὲν πειρᾶται, τάχα δʼ ἴψεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.\nἐν βουλῇ δʼ οὐ πάντες ἀκούσαμεν οἷον ἔειπε.\nμή τι χολωσάμενος ῥέξῃ κακὸν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν·\nθυμὸς δὲ μέγας ἐστὶ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων,\nτιμὴ δʼ ἐκ Διός ἐστι, φιλεῖ δέ ἑ μητίετα Ζεύς.\nὃν δʼ αὖ δήμου τʼ ἄνδρα ἴδοι βοόωντά τʼ ἐφεύροι,\nτὸν σκήπτρῳ ἐλάσασκεν ὁμοκλήσασκέ τε μύθῳ·\nδαιμόνιʼ ἀτρέμας ἧσο καὶ ἄλλων μῦθον ἄκουε,\nοἳ σέο φέρτεροί εἰσι, σὺ δʼ ἀπτόλεμος καὶ ἄναλκις\nοὔτέ ποτʼ ἐν πολέμῳ ἐναρίθμιος οὔτʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ·\nοὐ μέν πως πάντες βασιλεύσομεν ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιοί·\nοὐκ ἀγαθὸν πολυκοιρανίη· εἷς κοίρανος ἔστω,", "en": "“Sir,” said he, “this flight is cowardly and unworthy. Stand to your post, and bid your people also keep their places. You do not yet know the full mind of Agamemnon; he was sounding us, and ere long will visit the Achaeans with his displeasure. We were not all of us at the council to hear what he then said; see to it lest he be angry and do us a mischief; for the pride of kings is great, and the hand of Jove is with them.”\nBut when he came across any common man who was making a noise, he struck him with his staff and rebuked him, saying, “Sirrah, hold your peace, and listen to better men than yourself. You are a coward and no soldier; you are nobody either in fight or council; we cannot all be kings; it is not well that there should be many masters; one man must be supreme," }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.205–219", "orig": "εἷς βασιλεύς, ᾧ δῶκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω\nσκῆπτρόν τʼ ἠδὲ θέμιστας, ἵνά σφισι βουλεύῃσι.\nὣς ὅ γε κοιρανέων δίεπε στρατόν· οἳ δʼ ἀγορὴν δὲ\nαὖτις ἐπεσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων\nἠχῇ, ὡς ὅτε κῦμα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης\nαἰγιαλῷ μεγάλῳ βρέμεται, σμαραγεῖ δέ τε πόντος.\nἄλλοι μέν ῥʼ ἕζοντο, ἐρήτυθεν δὲ καθʼ ἕδρας·\nΘερσίτης δʼ ἔτι μοῦνος ἀμετροεπὴς ἐκολῴα,\nὃς ἔπεα φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἄκοσμά τε πολλά τε ᾔδη\nμάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, ἐριζέμεναι βασιλεῦσιν,\nἀλλʼ ὅ τι οἱ εἴσαιτο γελοίϊον Ἀργείοισιν\nἔμμεναι· αἴσχιστος δὲ ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε·\nφολκὸς ἔην, χωλὸς δʼ ἕτερον πόδα· τὼ δέ οἱ ὤμω\nκυρτὼ ἐπὶ στῆθος συνοχωκότε· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε\nφοξὸς ἔην κεφαλήν, ψεδνὴ δʼ ἐπενήνοθε λάχνη.", "en": "one king to whom the son of scheming Saturn has given the sceptre of sovereignty over you all.”\nThus masterfully did he go about among the host, and the people hurried back to the council from their tents and ships with a sound as the thunder of surf when it comes crashing down upon the shore, and all the sea is in an uproar.\nThe rest now took their seats and kept to their own several places, but Thersites still went on wagging his unbridled tongue, a man of many words, and those unseemly; a monger of sedition, a railer against all who were in authority, who cared not what he said, so that he might set the Achaeans in a laugh. He was the ugliest man of all those that came before Troy, bandy-legged, lame of one foot, with his two shoulders rounded and hunched over his chest. His head ran up to a point, but there was little hair on the top of it." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.220–234", "orig": "ἔχθιστος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ μάλιστʼ ἦν ἠδʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ·\nτὼ γὰρ νεικείεσκε· τότʼ αὖτʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι δίῳ\nὀξέα κεκλήγων λέγʼ ὀνείδεα· τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐκπάγλως κοτέοντο νεμέσσηθέν τʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μακρὰ βοῶν Ἀγαμέμνονα νείκεε μύθῳ·\nἈτρεΐδη τέο δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπιμέμφεαι ἠδὲ χατίζεις;\nπλεῖαί τοι χαλκοῦ κλισίαι, πολλαὶ δὲ γυναῖκες\nεἰσὶν ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἐξαίρετοι, ἅς τοι Ἀχαιοὶ\nπρωτίστῳ δίδομεν εὖτʼ ἂν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν.\nἦ ἔτι καὶ χρυσοῦ ἐπιδεύεαι, ὅν κέ τις οἴσει\nΤρώων ἱπποδάμων ἐξ Ἰλίου υἷος ἄποινα,\nὅν κεν ἐγὼ δήσας ἀγάγω ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν,\nἠὲ γυναῖκα νέην, ἵνα μίσγεαι ἐν φιλότητι,\nἥν τʼ αὐτὸς ἀπονόσφι κατίσχεαι; οὐ μὲν ἔοικεν\nἀρχὸν ἐόντα κακῶν ἐπιβασκέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Achilles and Ulysses hated him worst of all, for it was with them that he was most wont to wrangle; now, however, with a shrill squeaky voice he began heaping his abuse on Agamemnon. The Achaeans were angry and disgusted, yet none the less he kept on brawling and bawling at the son of Atreus.\n“Agamemnon,” he cried, “what ails you now, and what more do you want? Your tents are filled with bronze and with fair women, for whenever we take a town we give you the pick of them. Would you have yet more gold, which some Trojan is to give you as a ransom for his son, when I or another Achaean has taken him prisoner? or is it some young girl to hide and lie with? It is not well that you, the ruler of the Achaeans, should bring them into such misery." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.235–249", "orig": "ὦ πέπονες κάκʼ ἐλέγχεʼ Ἀχαιΐδες οὐκέτʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nοἴκαδέ περ σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα, τόνδε δʼ ἐῶμεν\nαὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ γέρα πεσσέμεν, ὄφρα ἴδηται\nἤ ῥά τί οἱ χἠμεῖς προσαμύνομεν ἦε καὶ οὐκί·\nὃς καὶ νῦν Ἀχιλῆα ἕο μέγʼ ἀμείνονα φῶτα\nἠτίμησεν· ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ οὐκ Ἀχιλῆϊ χόλος φρεσίν, ἀλλὰ μεθήμων·\nἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ὕστατα λωβήσαιο·\nὣς φάτο νεικείων Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν,\nΘερσίτης· τῷ δʼ ὦκα παρίστατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,\nκαί μιν ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·\nΘερσῖτʼ ἀκριτόμυθε, λιγύς περ ἐὼν ἀγορητής,\nἴσχεο, μηδʼ ἔθελʼ οἶος ἐριζέμεναι βασιλεῦσιν·\nοὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ σέο φημὶ χερειότερον βροτὸν ἄλλον\nἔμμεναι, ὅσσοι ἅμʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθον.", "en": "Weakling cowards, women rather than men, let us sail home, and leave this fellow here at Troy to stew in his own meeds of honour, and discover whether we were of any service to him or no. Achilles is a much better man than he is, and see how he has treated him, robbing him of his prize and keeping it himself. Achilles takes it meekly and shows no fight; if he did, son of Atreus, you would never again insult him.”\nThus railed Thersites, but Ulysses at once went up to him and rebuked him sternly. “Check your glib tongue, Thersites,” said he, “and babble not a word further. Chide not with princes when you have none to back you. There is no viler creature come before Troy with the sons of Atreus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.250–269", "orig": "τὼ οὐκ ἂν βασιλῆας ἀνὰ στόμʼ ἔχων ἀγορεύοις,\nκαί σφιν ὀνείδεά τε προφέροις, νόστόν τε φυλάσσοις.\nοὐδέ τί πω σάφα ἴδμεν ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα,\nἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς νοστήσομεν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.\nτὼ νῦν Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν\nἧσαι ὀνειδίζων, ὅτι οἱ μάλα πολλὰ διδοῦσιν\nἥρωες Δαναοί· σὺ δὲ κερτομέων ἀγορεύεις.\nἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·\nεἴ κʼ ἔτι σʼ ἀφραίνοντα κιχήσομαι ὥς νύ περ ὧδε,\nμηκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ κάρη ὤμοισιν ἐπείη,\nμηδʼ ἔτι Τηλεμάχοιο πατὴρ κεκλημένος εἴην,\nεἰ μὴ ἐγώ σε λαβὼν ἀπὸ μὲν φίλα εἵματα δύσω,\nχλαῖνάν τʼ ἠδὲ χιτῶνα, τά τʼ αἰδῶ ἀμφικαλύπτει,\nαὐτὸν δὲ κλαίοντα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἀφήσω\nπεπλήγων ἀγορῆθεν ἀεικέσσι πληγῇσιν.\nὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, σκήπτρῳ δὲ μετάφρενον ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμω\nπλῆξεν· ὃ δʼ ἰδνώθη, θαλερὸν δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε δάκρυ·\nσμῶδιξ δʼ αἱματόεσσα μεταφρένου ἐξυπανέστη\nσκήπτρου ὕπο χρυσέου· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο τάρβησέν τε,\nἀλγήσας δʼ ἀχρεῖον ἰδὼν ἀπομόρξατο δάκρυ.", "en": "Drop this chatter about kings, and neither revile them nor keep harping about going home. We do not yet know how things are going to be, nor whether the Achaeans are to return with good success or evil. How dare you gibe at Agamemnon because the Danaans have awarded him so many prizes? I tell you, therefore, and it shall surely be, that if I again catch you talking such nonsense, I will either forfeit my own head and be no more called father of Telemachus, or I will take you, strip you stark naked, and whip you out of the assembly till you go blubbering back to the ships.”\nOn this he beat him with his staff about the back and shoulders till he dropped and fell a-weeping. The golden sceptre raised a bloody weal on his back, so he sat down frightened and in pain, looking foolish as he wiped the tears from his eyes." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.270–284", "orig": "οἳ δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ γέλασσαν·\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·\nὢ πόποι ἦ δὴ μυρίʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἐσθλὰ ἔοργε\nβουλάς τʼ ἐξάρχων ἀγαθὰς πόλεμόν τε κορύσσων·\nνῦν δὲ τόδε μέγʼ ἄριστον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔρεξεν,\nὃς τὸν λωβητῆρα ἐπεσβόλον ἔσχʼ ἀγοράων.\nοὔ θήν μιν πάλιν αὖτις ἀνήσει θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nνεικείειν βασιλῆας ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσιν.\nὣς φάσαν ἣ πληθύς· ἀνὰ δʼ ὃ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nἔστη σκῆπτρον ἔχων· παρὰ δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη\nεἰδομένη κήρυκι σιωπᾶν λαὸν ἀνώγει,\nὡς ἅμα θʼ οἳ πρῶτοί τε καὶ ὕστατοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nμῦθον ἀκούσειαν καὶ ἐπιφρασσαίατο βουλήν·\nὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·\nἈτρεΐδη νῦν δή σε ἄναξ ἐθέλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ", "en": "The people were sorry for him, yet they laughed heartily, and one would turn to his neighbour saying, “Ulysses has done many a good thing ere now in fight and council, but he never did the Argives a better turn than when he stopped this fellow’s mouth from prating further. He will give the kings no more of his insolence.”\nThus said the people. Then Ulysses rose, sceptre in hand, and Minerva in the likeness of a herald bade the people be still, that those who were far off might hear him and consider his council. He therefore with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus:" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.285–304", "orig": "πᾶσιν ἐλέγχιστον θέμεναι μερόπεσσι βροτοῖσιν,\nοὐδέ τοι ἐκτελέουσιν ὑπόσχεσιν ἥν περ ὑπέσταν\nἐνθάδʼ ἔτι στείχοντες ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο\nἼλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι.\nὥς τε γὰρ ἢ παῖδες νεαροὶ χῆραί τε γυναῖκες\nἀλλήλοισιν ὀδύρονται οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι.\nἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστὶν ἀνιηθέντα νέεσθαι·\nκαὶ γάρ τίς θʼ ἕνα μῆνα μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο\nἀσχαλάᾳ σὺν νηῒ πολυζύγῳ, ὅν περ ἄελλαι\nχειμέριαι εἰλέωσιν ὀρινομένη τε θάλασσα·\nἡμῖν δʼ εἴνατός ἐστι περιτροπέων ἐνιαυτὸς\nἐνθάδε μιμνόντεσσι· τὼ οὐ νεμεσίζομʼ Ἀχαιοὺς\nἀσχαλάαν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης\nαἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μένειν κενεόν τε νέεσθαι.\nτλῆτε φίλοι, καὶ μείνατʼ ἐπὶ χρόνον ὄφρα δαῶμεν\nἢ ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί.\nεὖ γὰρ δὴ τόδε ἴδμεν ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἐστὲ δὲ πάντες\nμάρτυροι, οὓς μὴ κῆρες ἔβαν θανάτοιο φέρουσαι·\nχθιζά τε καὶ πρωΐζʼ ὅτʼ ἐς Αὐλίδα νῆες Ἀχαιῶν\nἠγερέθοντο κακὰ Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ φέρουσαι,", "en": "“King Agamemnon, the Achaeans are for making you a by-word among all mankind. They forget the promise they made you when they set out from Argos, that you should not return till you had sacked the town of Troy, and, like children or widowed women, they murmur and would set off homeward. True it is that they have had toil enough to be disheartened. A man chafes at having to stay away from his wife even for a single month, when he is on shipboard, at the mercy of wind and sea, but it is now nine long years that we have been kept here; I cannot, therefore, blame the Achaeans if they turn restive; still we shall be shamed if we go home empty after so long a stay, therefore, my friends, be patient yet a little longer that we may learn whether the prophesyings of Calchas were false or true.\n“All who have not since perished must remember as though it were yesterday or the day before, how the ships of the Achaeans were detained in Aulis when we were on our way hither to make war on Priam and the Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.305–319", "orig": "ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ κρήνην ἱεροὺς κατὰ βωμοὺς\nἕρδομεν ἀθανάτοισι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας\nκαλῇ ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ ὅθεν ῥέεν ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ·\nἔνθʼ ἐφάνη μέγα σῆμα· δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινὸς\nσμερδαλέος, τόν ῥʼ αὐτὸς Ὀλύμπιος ἧκε φόως δέ,\nβωμοῦ ὑπαΐξας πρός ῥα πλατάνιστον ὄρουσεν.\nἔνθα δʼ ἔσαν στρουθοῖο νεοσσοί, νήπια τέκνα,\nὄζῳ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτῳ πετάλοις ὑποπεπτηῶτες\nὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν ἣ τέκε τέκνα·\nἔνθʼ ὅ γε τοὺς ἐλεεινὰ κατήσθιε τετριγῶτας·\nμήτηρ δʼ ἀμφεποτᾶτο ὀδυρομένη φίλα τέκνα·\nτὴν δʼ ἐλελιξάμενος πτέρυγος λάβεν ἀμφιαχυῖαν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτήν,\nτὸν μὲν ἀρίζηλον θῆκεν θεὸς ὅς περ ἔφηνε·\nλᾶαν γάρ μιν ἔθηκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω·", "en": "We were ranged round about a fountain offering hecatombs to the gods upon their holy altars, and there was a fine plane-tree from beneath which there welled a stream of pure water. Then we saw a prodigy; for Jove sent a fearful serpent out of the ground, with blood-red stains upon its back, and it darted from under the altar on to the plane-tree. Now there was a brood of young sparrows, quite small, upon the topmost bough, peeping out from under the leaves, eight in all, and their mother that hatched them made nine. The serpent ate the poor cheeping things, while the old bird flew about lamenting her little ones; but the serpent threw his coils about her and caught her by the wing as she was screaming. Then, when he had eaten both the sparrow and her young, the god who had sent him made him become a sign; for the son of scheming Saturn turned him into stone, and we stood there wondering at that which had come to pass." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.320–339", "orig": "ἡμεῖς δʼ ἑσταότες θαυμάζομεν οἷον ἐτύχθη.\nὡς οὖν δεινὰ πέλωρα θεῶν εἰσῆλθʼ ἑκατόμβας,\nΚάλχας δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα θεοπροπέων ἀγόρευε·\nτίπτʼ ἄνεῳ ἐγένεσθε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί;\nἡμῖν μὲν τόδʼ ἔφηνε τέρας μέγα μητίετα Ζεὺς\nὄψιμον ὀψιτέλεστον, ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται.\nὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκνα φάγε στρουθοῖο καὶ αὐτὴν\nὀκτώ, ἀτὰρ μήτηρ ἐνάτη ἦν ἣ τέκε τέκνα,\nὣς ἡμεῖς τοσσαῦτʼ ἔτεα πτολεμίξομεν αὖθι,\nτῷ δεκάτῳ δὲ πόλιν αἱρήσομεν εὐρυάγυιαν.\nκεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε· τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μίμνετε πάντες ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nαὐτοῦ εἰς ὅ κεν ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἕλωμεν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγʼ ἴαχον, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες\nσμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν,\nμῦθον ἐπαινήσαντες Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο·\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nὦ πόποι ἦ δὴ παισὶν ἐοικότες ἀγοράασθε\nνηπιάχοις οἷς οὔ τι μέλει πολεμήϊα ἔργα.\nπῇ δὴ συνθεσίαι τε καὶ ὅρκια βήσεται ἥμιν;", "en": "Seeing, then, that such a fearful portent had broken in upon our hecatombs, Calchas forthwith declared to us the oracles of heaven. ‘Why, Achaeans,’ said he, ‘are you thus speechless? Jove has sent us this sign, long in coming, and long ere it be fulfilled, though its fame shall last for ever. As the serpent ate the eight fledglings and the sparrow that hatched them, which makes nine, so shall we fight nine years at Troy, but in the tenth shall take the town.’ This was what he said, and now it is all coming true. Stay here, therefore, all of you, till we take the city of Priam.”\nOn this the Argives raised a shout, till the ships rang again with the uproar. Nestor, knight of Gerene, then addressed them. “Shame on you,” he cried, “to stay talking here like children, when you should fight like men. Where are our covenants now, and where the oaths that we have taken?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.340–359", "orig": "ἐν πυρὶ δὴ βουλαί τε γενοίατο μήδεά τʼ ἀνδρῶν\nσπονδαί τʼ ἄκρητοι καὶ δεξιαί, ᾗς ἐπέπιθμεν·\nαὔτως γὰρ ἐπέεσσʼ ἐριδαίνομεν, οὐδέ τι μῆχος\nεὑρέμεναι δυνάμεσθα, πολὺν χρόνον ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντες.\nἈτρεΐδη σὺ δʼ ἔθʼ ὡς πρὶν ἔχων ἀστεμφέα βουλὴν\nἄρχευʼ Ἀργείοισι κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας,\nτούσδε δʼ ἔα φθινύθειν ἕνα καὶ δύο, τοί κεν Ἀχαιῶν\nνόσφιν βουλεύωσʼ· ἄνυσις δʼ οὐκ ἔσσεται αὐτῶν·\nπρὶν Ἄργος δʼ ἰέναι πρὶν καὶ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο\nγνώμεναι εἴ τε ψεῦδος ὑπόσχεσις εἴ τε καὶ οὐκί.\nφημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι ὑπερμενέα Κρονίωνα\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε νηυσὶν ἐν ὠκυπόροισιν ἔβαινον\nἈργεῖοι Τρώεσσι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέροντες\nἀστράπτων ἐπιδέξιʼ ἐναίσιμα σήματα φαίνων.\nτὼ μή τις πρὶν ἐπειγέσθω οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι\nπρίν τινα πὰρ Τρώων ἀλόχῳ κατακοιμηθῆναι,\nτίσασθαι δʼ Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε στοναχάς τε.\nεἰ δέ τις ἐκπάγλως ἐθέλει οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι\nἁπτέσθω ἧς νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μελαίνης,\nὄφρα πρόσθʼ ἄλλων θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ.", "en": "Shall our counsels be flung into the fire, with our drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship wherein we have put our trust? We waste our time in words, and for all our talking here shall be no further forward. Stand, therefore, son of Atreus, by your own steadfast purpose; lead the Argives on to battle, and leave this handful of men to rot, who scheme, and scheme in vain, to get back to Argos ere they have learned whether Jove be true or a liar. For the mighty son of Saturn surely promised that we should succeed, when we Argives set sail to bring death and destruction upon the Trojans. He showed us favourable signs by flashing his lightning on our right hands; therefore let none make haste to go till he has first lain with the wife of some Trojan, and avenged the toil and sorrow that he has suffered for the sake of Helen. Nevertheless, if any man is in such haste to be at home again, let him lay his hand to his ship that he may meet his doom in the sight of all." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.360–374", "orig": "ἀλλὰ ἄναξ αὐτός τʼ εὖ μήδεο πείθεό τʼ ἄλλῳ·\nοὔ τοι ἀπόβλητον ἔπος ἔσσεται ὅττί κεν εἴπω·\nκρῖνʼ ἄνδρας κατὰ φῦλα κατὰ φρήτρας Ἀγάμεμνον,\nὡς φρήτρη φρήτρηφιν ἀρήγῃ, φῦλα δὲ φύλοις.\nεἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί,\nγνώσῃ ἔπειθʼ ὅς θʼ ἡγεμόνων κακὸς ὅς τέ νυ λαῶν\nἠδʼ ὅς κʼ ἐσθλὸς ἔῃσι· κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται.\nγνώσεαι δʼ εἰ καὶ θεσπεσίῃ πόλιν οὐκ ἀλαπάξεις,\nἦ ἀνδρῶν κακότητι καὶ ἀφραδίῃ πολέμοιο.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nἦ μὰν αὖτʼ ἀγορῇ νικᾷς γέρον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.\nαἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον\nτοιοῦτοι δέκα μοι συμφράδμονες εἶεν Ἀχαιῶν·\nτώ κε τάχʼ ἠμύσειε πόλις Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος\nχερσὶν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσιν ἁλοῦσά τε περθομένη τε.", "en": "But, O king, consider and give ear to my counsel, for the word that I say may not be neglected lightly. Divide your men, Agamemnon, into their several tribes and clans, that clans and tribes may stand by and help one another. If you do this, and if the Achaeans obey you, you will find out who, both chiefs and peoples, are brave, and who are cowards; for they will vie against the other. Thus you shall also learn whether it is through the counsel of heaven or the cowardice of man that you shall fail to take the town.”\nAnd Agamemnon answered, “Nestor, you have again outdone the sons of the Achaeans in counsel. Would, by Father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that I had among them ten more such councillors, for the city of King Priam would then soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.375–389", "orig": "ἀλλά μοι αἰγίοχος Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν,\nὅς με μετʼ ἀπρήκτους ἔριδας καὶ νείκεα βάλλει.\nκαὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν Ἀχιλεύς τε μαχεσσάμεθʼ εἵνεκα κούρης\nἀντιβίοις ἐπέεσσιν, ἐγὼ δʼ ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων·\nεἰ δέ ποτʼ ἔς γε μίαν βουλεύσομεν, οὐκέτʼ ἔπειτα\nΤρωσὶν ἀνάβλησις κακοῦ ἔσσεται οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν.\nνῦν δʼ ἔρχεσθʼ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον ἵνα ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα.\nεὖ μέν τις δόρυ θηξάσθω, εὖ δʼ ἀσπίδα θέσθω,\nεὖ δέ τις ἵπποισιν δεῖπνον δότω ὠκυπόδεσσιν,\nεὖ δέ τις ἅρματος ἀμφὶς ἰδὼν πολέμοιο μεδέσθω,\nὥς κε πανημέριοι στυγερῷ κρινώμεθʼ Ἄρηϊ.\nοὐ γὰρ παυσωλή γε μετέσσεται οὐδʼ ἠβαιὸν\nεἰ μὴ νὺξ ἐλθοῦσα διακρινέει μένος ἀνδρῶν.\nἱδρώσει μέν τευ τελαμὼν ἀμφὶ στήθεσφιν\nἀσπίδος ἀμφιβρότης, περὶ δʼ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται·", "en": "But the son of Saturn afflicts me with bootless wranglings and strife. Achilles and I are quarrelling about this girl, in which matter I was the first to offend; if we can be of one mind again, the Trojans will not stave off destruction for a day. Now, therefore, get your morning meal, that our hosts join in fight. Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day; for we shall have no rest, not for a moment, till night falls to part us. The bands that bear your shields shall be wet with the sweat upon your shoulders, your hands shall weary upon your spears," }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.390–409", "orig": "ἱδρώσει δέ τευ ἵππος ἐΰξοον ἅρμα τιταίνων.\nὃν δέ κʼ ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε μάχης ἐθέλοντα νοήσω\nμιμνάζειν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν, οὔ οἱ ἔπειτα\nἄρκιον ἐσσεῖται φυγέειν κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνούς.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργεῖοι δὲ μέγʼ ἴαχον ὡς ὅτε κῦμα\nἀκτῇ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ, ὅτε κινήσῃ Νότος ἐλθών,\nπροβλῆτι σκοπέλῳ· τὸν δʼ οὔ ποτε κύματα λείπει\nπαντοίων ἀνέμων, ὅτʼ ἂν ἔνθʼ ἢ ἔνθα γένωνται.\nἀνστάντες δʼ ὀρέοντο κεδασθέντες κατὰ νῆας,\nκάπνισσάν τε κατὰ κλισίας, καὶ δεῖπνον ἕλοντο.\nἄλλος δʼ ἄλλῳ ἔρεζε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων\nεὐχόμενος θάνατόν τε φυγεῖν καὶ μῶλον Ἄρηος.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βοῦν ἱέρευσε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nπίονα πενταέτηρον ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι,\nκίκλησκεν δὲ γέροντας ἀριστῆας Παναχαιῶν,\nΝέστορα μὲν πρώτιστα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα,\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Αἴαντε δύω καὶ Τυδέος υἱόν,\nἕκτον δʼ αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον.\nαὐτόματος δέ οἱ ἦλθε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·\nᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀδελφεὸν ὡς ἐπονεῖτο.", "en": "your horses shall steam in front of your chariots, and if I see any man shirking the fight, or trying to keep out of it at the ships, there shall be no help for him, but he shall be a prey to dogs and vultures.”\nThus he spoke, and the Achaeans roared applause. As when the waves run high before the blast of the south wind and break on some lofty headland, dashing against it and buffeting it without ceasing, as the storms from every quarter drive them, even so did the Achaeans rise and hurry in all directions to their ships. There they lighted their fires at their tents and got dinner, offering sacrifice every man to one or other of the gods, and praying each one of them that he might live to come out of the fight. Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed a fat five-year-old bull to the mighty son of Saturn, and invited the princes and elders of his host. First he asked Nestor and King Idomeneus, then the two Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus, and sixthly Ulysses, peer of gods in counsel; but Menelaus came of his own accord, for he knew how busy his brother then was." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.410–424", "orig": "βοῦν δὲ περιστήσαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας ἀνέλοντο·\nτοῖσιν δʼ εὐχόμενος μετέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nΖεῦ κύδιστε μέγιστε κελαινεφὲς αἰθέρι ναίων\nμὴ πρὶν ἐπʼ ἠέλιον δῦναι καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἐλθεῖν\nπρίν με κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον\nαἰθαλόεν, πρῆσαι δὲ πυρὸς δηΐοιο θύρετρα,\nἙκτόρεον δὲ χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι\nχαλκῷ ῥωγαλέον· πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι\nπρηνέες ἐν κονίῃσιν ὀδὰξ λαζοίατο γαῖαν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ οἱ ἐπεκραίαινε Κρονίων,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά, πόνον δʼ ἀμέγαρτον ὄφελλεν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο,\nαὐέρυσαν μὲν πρῶτα καὶ ἔσφαξαν καὶ ἔδειραν,\nμηρούς τʼ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίσῃ ἐκάλυψαν\nδίπτυχα ποιήσαντες, ἐπʼ αὐτῶν δʼ ὠμοθέτησαν.", "en": "They stood round the bull with the barley-meal in their hands, and Agamemnon prayed, saying, “Jove, most glorious, supreme, that dwellest in heaven, and ridest upon the storm-cloud, grant that the sun may not go down, nor the night fall, till the palace of Priam is laid low, and its gates are consumed with fire. Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.”\nThus he prayed, but the son of Saturn would not fulfil his prayer. He accepted the sacrifice, yet none the less increased their toil continually. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal upon the victim, they drew back its head, killed it, and then flayed it. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers of fat, and set pieces of raw meat on the top of them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.425–444", "orig": "καὶ τὰ μὲν ἂρ σχίζῃσιν ἀφύλλοισιν κατέκαιον,\nσπλάγχνα δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμπείραντες ὑπείρεχον Ἡφαίστοιο.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρε κάη καὶ σπλάγχνα πάσαντο,\nμίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν,\nὤπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα\nδαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,\nτοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nἈτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον,\nμηκέτι νῦν δήθʼ αὖθι λεγώμεθα, μηδʼ ἔτι δηρὸν\nἀμβαλλώμεθα ἔργον ὃ δὴ θεὸς ἐγγυαλίζει.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε κήρυκες μὲν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nλαὸν κηρύσσοντες ἀγειρόντων κατὰ νῆας,\nἡμεῖς δʼ ἀθρόοι ὧδε κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν\nἴομεν ὄφρα κε θᾶσσον ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.\nαὐτίκα κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσε\nκηρύσσειν πόλεμον δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς·\nοἳ μὲν ἐκήρυσσον, τοὶ δʼ ἠγείροντο μάλʼ ὦκα.", "en": "These they burned upon the split logs of firewood, but they spitted the inward meats, and held them in the flames to cook. When the thigh-bones were burned, and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces upon spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off; then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, Nestor, knight of Gerene, began to speak. “King Agamemnon,” said he, “let us not stay talking here, nor be slack in the work that heaven has put into our hands. Let the heralds summon the people to gather at their several ships; we will then go about among the host, that we may begin fighting at once.”\nThus did he speak, and Agamemnon heeded his words. He at once sent the criers round to call the people in assembly. So they called them, and the people gathered thereon." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.445–464", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐωνα διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες\nθῦνον κρίνοντες, μετὰ δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη\nαἰγίδʼ ἔχουσʼ ἐρίτιμον ἀγήρων ἀθανάτην τε,\nτῆς ἑκατὸν θύσανοι παγχρύσεοι ἠερέθονται,\nπάντες ἐϋπλεκέες, ἑκατόμβοιος δὲ ἕκαστος·\nσὺν τῇ παιφάσσουσα διέσσυτο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν\nὀτρύνουσʼ ἰέναι· ἐν δὲ σθένος ὦρσεν ἑκάστῳ\nκαρδίῃ ἄλληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.\nτοῖσι δʼ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετʼ ἠὲ νέεσθαι\nἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.\nἠΰτε πῦρ ἀΐδηλον ἐπιφλέγει ἄσπετον ὕλην\nοὔρεος ἐν κορυφῇς, ἕκαθεν δέ τε φαίνεται αὐγή,\nὣς τῶν ἐρχομένων ἀπὸ χαλκοῦ θεσπεσίοιο\nαἴγλη παμφανόωσα διʼ αἰθέρος οὐρανὸν ἷκε.\nτῶν δʼ ὥς τʼ ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ\nχηνῶν ἢ γεράνων ἢ κύκνων δουλιχοδείρων\nἈσίω ἐν λειμῶνι Καϋστρίου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα\nἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ποτῶνται ἀγαλλόμενα πτερύγεσσι\nκλαγγηδὸν προκαθιζόντων, σμαραγεῖ δέ τε λειμών,\nὣς τῶν ἔθνεα πολλὰ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων", "en": "The chiefs about the son of Atreus chose their men and marshalled them, while Minerva went among them holding her priceless aegis that knows neither age nor death. From it there waved a hundred tassels of pure gold, all deftly woven, and each one of them worth a hundred oxen. With this she darted furiously everywhere among the hosts of the Achaeans, urging them forward, and putting courage into the heart of each, so that he might fight and do battle without ceasing. Thus war became sweeter in their eyes even than returning home in their ships. As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.\nThey were like great flocks of geese, or cranes, or swans on the plain about the waters of Cayster, that wing their way hither and thither, glorying in the pride of flight, and crying as they settle till the fen is alive with their screaming." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.465–484", "orig": "ἐς πεδίον προχέοντο Σκαμάνδριον· αὐτὰρ ὑπὸ χθὼν\nσμερδαλέον κονάβιζε ποδῶν αὐτῶν τε καὶ ἵππων.\nἔσταν δʼ ἐν λειμῶνι Σκαμανδρίῳ ἀνθεμόεντι\nμυρίοι, ὅσσά τε φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ.\nἠΰτε μυιάων ἁδινάων ἔθνεα πολλὰ\nαἵ τε κατὰ σταθμὸν ποιμνήϊον ἠλάσκουσιν\nὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ ὅτε τε γλάγος ἄγγεα δεύει,\nτόσσοι ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐν πεδίῳ ἵσταντο διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες.\nτοὺς δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν αἰπόλοι ἄνδρες\nῥεῖα διακρίνωσιν ἐπεί κε νομῷ μιγέωσιν,\nὣς τοὺς ἡγεμόνες διεκόσμεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα\nὑσμίνην δʼ ἰέναι, μετὰ δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nὄμματα καὶ κεφαλὴν ἴκελος Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ,\nἌρεϊ δὲ ζώνην, στέρνον δὲ Ποσειδάωνι.\nἠΰτε βοῦς ἀγέληφι μέγʼ ἔξοχος ἔπλετο πάντων\nταῦρος· ὃ γάρ τε βόεσσι μεταπρέπει ἀγρομένῃσι·\nτοῖον ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδην θῆκε Ζεὺς ἤματι κείνῳ\nἐκπρεπέʼ ἐν πολλοῖσι καὶ ἔξοχον ἡρώεσσιν.\nἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι·", "en": "Even thus did their tribes pour from ships and tents on to the plain of the Scamander, and the ground rang as brass under the feet of men and horses. They stood as thick upon the flower-bespangled field as leaves that bloom in summer.\nAs countless swarms of flies buzz around a herdsman’s homestead in the time of spring when the pails are drenched with milk, even so did the Achaeans swarm on to the plain to charge the Trojans and destroy them.\nThe chiefs disposed their men this way and that before the fight began, drafting them out as easily as goatherds draft their flocks when they have got mixed while feeding; and among them went King Agamemnon, with a head and face like Jove the lord of thunder, a waist like Mars, and a chest like that of Neptune. As some great bull that lords it over the herds upon the plain, even so did Jove make the son of Atreus stand peerless among the multitude of heroes." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.485–504", "orig": "ὑμεῖς γὰρ θεαί ἐστε πάρεστέ τε ἴστέ τε πάντα,\nἡμεῖς δὲ κλέος οἶον ἀκούομεν οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν·\nοἵ τινες ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν καὶ κοίρανοι ἦσαν·\nπληθὺν δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐγὼ μυθήσομαι οὐδʼ ὀνομήνω,\nοὐδʼ εἴ μοι δέκα μὲν γλῶσσαι, δέκα δὲ στόματʼ εἶεν,\nφωνὴ δʼ ἄρρηκτος, χάλκεον δέ μοι ἦτορ ἐνείη,\nεἰ μὴ Ὀλυμπιάδες Μοῦσαι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο\nθυγατέρες μνησαίαθʼ ὅσοι ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθον·\nἀρχοὺς αὖ νηῶν ἐρέω νῆάς τε προπάσας.\nΒοιωτῶν μὲν Πηνέλεως καὶ Λήϊτος ἦρχον\nἈρκεσίλαός τε Προθοήνωρ τε Κλονίος τε,\nοἵ θʼ Ὑρίην ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αὐλίδα πετρήεσσαν\nΣχοῖνόν τε Σκῶλόν τε πολύκνημόν τʼ Ἐτεωνόν,\nΘέσπειαν Γραῖάν τε καὶ εὐρύχορον Μυκαλησσόν,\nοἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ Ἅρμʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Εἰλέσιον καὶ Ἐρυθράς,\nοἵ τʼ Ἐλεῶνʼ εἶχον ἠδʼ Ὕλην καὶ Πετεῶνα,\nὨκαλέην Μεδεῶνά τʼ ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,\nΚώπας Εὔτρησίν τε πολυτρήρωνά τε Θίσβην,\nοἵ τε Κορώνειαν καὶ ποιήενθʼ Ἁλίαρτον,\nοἵ τε Πλάταιαν ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Γλισᾶντʼ ἐνέμοντο,", "en": "And now, O Muses, dwellers in the mansions of Olympus, tell me, for you are goddesses and are in all places so that you see all things, while we know nothing but by report, who were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans? As for the common soldiers, they were so that I could not name every single one of them though I had ten tongues, and though my voice failed not and my heart were of bronze within me, unless you, O Olympian Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, were to recount them to me. Nevertheless, I will tell the captains of the ships and all the fleet together.\nPeneleos, Leitus, Arcesilaus, Prothoenor, and Clonius were captains of the Boeotians. These were they that dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis, and who held Schoenus, Scolus, and the highlands of Eteonus, with Thespeia, Graia, and the fair city of Mycalessus. They also held Harma, Eilesium, and Erythrae; and they had Eleon, Hyle, and Peteon; Ocalea and the strong fortress of Medeon; Copae, Eutresis, and Thisbe the haunt of doves; Coronea, and the pastures of Haliartus; Plataea and Glisas;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.505–524", "orig": "οἵ θʼ Ὑποθήβας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,\nὈγχηστόν θʼ ἱερὸν Ποσιδήϊον ἀγλαὸν ἄλσος,\nοἵ τε πολυστάφυλον Ἄρνην ἔχον, οἵ τε Μίδειαν\nΝῖσάν τε ζαθέην Ἀνθηδόνα τʼ ἐσχατόωσαν·\nτῶν μὲν πεντήκοντα νέες κίον, ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ\nκοῦροι Βοιωτῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον.\nοἳ δʼ Ἀσπληδόνα ναῖον ἰδʼ Ὀρχομενὸν Μινύειον,\nτῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀσκάλαφος καὶ Ἰάλμενος υἷες Ἄρηος\nοὓς τέκεν Ἀστυόχη δόμῳ Ἄκτορος Ἀζεΐδαο,\nπαρθένος αἰδοίη ὑπερώϊον εἰσαναβᾶσα\nἌρηϊ κρατερῷ· ὃ δέ οἱ παρελέξατο λάθρῃ·\nτοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.\nαὐτὰρ Φωκήων Σχεδίος καὶ Ἐπίστροφος ἦρχον\nυἷες Ἰφίτου μεγαθύμου Ναυβολίδαο,\nοἳ Κυπάρισσον ἔχον Πυθῶνά τε πετρήεσσαν\nΚρῖσάν τε ζαθέην καὶ Δαυλίδα καὶ Πανοπῆα,\nοἵ τʼ Ἀνεμώρειαν καὶ Ὑάμπολιν ἀμφενέμοντο,\nοἵ τʼ ἄρα πὰρ ποταμὸν Κηφισὸν δῖον ἔναιον,\nοἵ τε Λίλαιαν ἔχον πηγῇς ἔπι Κηφισοῖο·\nτοῖς δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.", "en": "the fortress of Thebes the less; holy Onchestus with its famous grove of Neptune; Arne rich in vineyards; Midea, sacred Nisa, and Anthedon upon the sea. From these there came fifty ships, and in each there were a hundred and twenty young men of the Boeotians.\nAscalaphus and Ialmenus, sons of Mars, led the people that dwelt in Aspledon and Orchomenus the realm of Minyas. Astyoche a noble maiden bore them in the house of Actor son of Azeus; for she had gone with Mars secretly into an upper chamber, and he had lain with her. With these there came thirty ships.\nThe Phoceans were led by Schedius and Epistrophus, sons of mighty Iphitus the son of Naubolus. These were they that held Cyparissus, rocky Pytho, holy Crisa, Daulis, and Panopeus; they also that dwelt in Anemorea and Hyampolis, and about the waters of the river Cephissus, and Lilaea by the springs of the Cephissus; with their chieftains came forty ships," }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.525–544", "orig": "οἳ μὲν Φωκήων στίχας ἵστασαν ἀμφιέποντες,\nΒοιωτῶν δʼ ἔμπλην ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ θωρήσσοντο.\nΛοκρῶν δʼ ἡγεμόνευεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας\nμείων, οὔ τι τόσος γε ὅσος Τελαμώνιος Αἴας\nἀλλὰ πολὺ μείων· ὀλίγος μὲν ἔην λινοθώρηξ,\nἐγχείῃ δʼ ἐκέκαστο Πανέλληνας καὶ Ἀχαιούς·\nοἳ Κῦνόν τʼ ἐνέμοντʼ Ὀπόεντά τε Καλλίαρόν τε\nΒῆσσάν τε Σκάρφην τε καὶ Αὐγειὰς ἐρατεινὰς\nΤάρφην τε Θρόνιον τε Βοαγρίου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα·\nτῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο\nΛοκρῶν, οἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἱερῆς Εὐβοίης.\nοἳ δʼ Εὔβοιαν ἔχον μένεα πνείοντες Ἄβαντες\nΧαλκίδα τʼ Εἰρέτριάν τε πολυστάφυλόν θʼ Ἱστίαιαν\nΚήρινθόν τʼ ἔφαλον Δίου τʼ αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον,\nοἵ τε Κάρυστον ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Στύρα ναιετάασκον,\nτῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ Ἐλεφήνωρ ὄζος Ἄρηος\nΧαλκωδοντιάδης μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸς Ἀβάντων.\nτῷ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἄβαντες ἕποντο θοοὶ ὄπιθεν κομόωντες\nαἰχμηταὶ μεμαῶτες ὀρεκτῇσιν μελίῃσι\nθώρηκας ῥήξειν δηΐων ἀμφὶ στήθεσσι·", "en": "and they marshalled the forces of the Phoceans, which were stationed next to the Boeotians, on their left.\nAjax, the fleet son of Oileus, commanded the Locrians. He was not so great, nor nearly so great, as Ajax the son of Telamon. He was a little man, and his breastplate was made of linen, but in use of the spear he excelled all the Hellenes and the Achaeans. These dwelt in Cynus, Opous, Calliarus, Bessa, Scarphe, fair Augeae, Tarphe, and Thronium about the river Boagrius. With him there came forty ships of the Locrians who dwell beyond Euboea.\nThe fierce Abantes held Euboea with its cities, Chalcis, Eretria, Histiaea rich in vines, Cerinthus upon the sea, and the rock-perched town of Dium; with them were also the men of Carystus and Styra; Elephenor of the race of Mars was in command of these; he was son of Chalcodon, and chief over all the Abantes. With him they came, fleet of foot and wearing their hair long behind, brave warriors, who would ever strive to tear open the corslets of their foes with their long ashen spears." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.545–564", "orig": "τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθήνας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον\nδῆμον Ἐρεχθῆος μεγαλήτορος, ὅν ποτʼ Ἀθήνη\nθρέψε Διὸς θυγάτηρ, τέκε δὲ ζείδωρος ἄρουρα,\nκὰδ δʼ ἐν Ἀθήνῃς εἷσεν ἑῷ ἐν πίονι νηῷ·\nἔνθα δέ μιν ταύροισι καὶ ἀρνειοῖς ἱλάονται\nκοῦροι Ἀθηναίων περιτελλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν·\nτῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς.\nτῷ δʼ οὔ πώ τις ὁμοῖος ἐπιχθόνιος γένετʼ ἀνὴρ\nκοσμῆσαι ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀσπιδιώτας·\nΝέστωρ οἶος ἔριζεν· ὃ γὰρ προγενέστερος ἦεν·\nτῷ δʼ ἅμα πεντήκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nΑἴας δʼ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος ἄγεν δυοκαίδεκα νῆας,\nστῆσε δʼ ἄγων ἵνʼ Ἀθηναίων ἵσταντο φάλαγγες.\nοἳ δʼ Ἄργός τʼ εἶχον Τίρυνθά τε τειχιόεσσαν\nἙρμιόνην Ἀσίνην τε, βαθὺν κατὰ κόλπον ἐχούσας,\nΤροιζῆνʼ Ἠϊόνας τε καὶ ἀμπελόεντʼ Ἐπίδαυρον,\nοἵ τʼ ἔχον Αἴγιναν Μάσητά τε κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν,\nτῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης\nκαὶ Σθένελος, Καπανῆος ἀγακλειτοῦ φίλος υἱός·", "en": "Of these there came fifty ships.\nAnd they that held the strong city of Athens, the people of great Erechtheus, who was born of the soil itself, but Jove’s daughter, Minerva, fostered him, and established him at Athens in her own rich sanctuary. There, year by year, the Athenian youths worship him with sacrifices of bulls and rams. These were commanded by Menestheus, son of Peteos. No man living could equal him in the marshalling of chariots and foot soldiers. Nestor could alone rival him, for he was older. With him there came fifty ships.\nAjax brought twelve ships from Salamis, and stationed them alongside those of the Athenians.\nThe men of Argos, again, and those who held the walls of Tiryns, with Hermione, and Asine upon the gulf; Troezene, Eionae, and the vineyard lands of Epidaurus; the Achaean youths, moreover, who came from Aegina and Mases; these were led by Diomed of the loud battle-cry, and Sthenelus son of famed Capaneus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.565–584", "orig": "τοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ Εὐρύαλος τρίτατος κίεν ἰσόθεος φὼς\nΜηκιστέος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος·\nσυμπάντων δʼ ἡγεῖτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nτοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ ὀγδώκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nοἳ δὲ Μυκήνας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον\nἀφνειόν τε Κόρινθον ἐϋκτιμένας τε Κλεωνάς,\nὈρνειάς τʼ ἐνέμοντο Ἀραιθυρέην τʼ ἐρατεινὴν\nκαὶ Σικυῶνʼ, ὅθʼ ἄρʼ Ἄδρηστος πρῶτʼ ἐμβασίλευεν,\nοἵ θʼ Ὑπερησίην τε καὶ αἰπεινὴν Γονόεσσαν\nΠελλήνην τʼ εἶχον ἠδʼ Αἴγιον ἀμφενέμοντο\nΑἰγιαλόν τʼ ἀνὰ πάντα καὶ ἀμφʼ Ἑλίκην εὐρεῖαν,\nτῶν ἑκατὸν νηῶν ἦρχε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἈτρεΐδης· ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι\nλαοὶ ἕποντʼ· ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐδύσετο νώροπα χαλκὸν\nκυδιόων, πᾶσιν δὲ μετέπρεπεν ἡρώεσσιν\nοὕνεκʼ ἄριστος ἔην πολὺ δὲ πλείστους ἄγε λαούς.\nοἳ δʼ εἶχον κοίλην Λακεδαίμονα κητώεσσαν,\nΦᾶρίν τε Σπάρτην τε πολυτρήρωνά τε Μέσσην,\nΒρυσειάς τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αὐγειὰς ἐρατεινάς,\nοἵ τʼ ἄρʼ Ἀμύκλας εἶχον Ἕλος τʼ ἔφαλον πτολίεθρον,", "en": "With them in command was Euryalus, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus; but Diomed was chief over them all. With these there came eighty ships.\nThose who held the strong city of Mycenae, rich Corinth and Cleonae; Orneae, Araethyrea, and Licyon, where Adrastus reigned of old; Hyperesia, high Gonoessa, and Pellene; Aegium and all the coast-land round about Helice; these sent a hundred ships under the command of King Agamemnon, son of Atreus. His force was far both finest and most numerous, and in their midst was the king himself, all glorious in his armour of gleaming bronze, foremost among the heroes, for he was the greatest king, and had most men under him.\nAnd those that dwelt in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis, Sparta, with Messe the haunt of doves; Bryseae, Augeae, Amyclae, and Helos upon the sea;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.585–604", "orig": "οἵ τε Λάαν εἶχον ἠδʼ Οἴτυλον ἀμφενέμοντο,\nτῶν οἱ ἀδελφεὸς ἦρχε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος\nἑξήκοντα νεῶν· ἀπάτερθε δὲ θωρήσσοντο·\nἐν δʼ αὐτὸς κίεν ᾗσι προθυμίῃσι πεποιθὼς\nὀτρύνων πόλεμον δέ· μάλιστα δὲ ἵετο θυμῷ\nτίσασθαι Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε στοναχάς τε.\nοἳ δὲ Πύλον τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ἀρήνην ἐρατεινὴν\nκαὶ Θρύον Ἀλφειοῖο πόρον καὶ ἐΰκτιτον Αἰπὺ\nκαὶ Κυπαρισσήεντα καὶ Ἀμφιγένειαν ἔναιον\nκαὶ Πτελεὸν καὶ Ἕλος καὶ Δώριον, ἔνθά τε Μοῦσαι\nἀντόμεναι Θάμυριν τὸν Θρήϊκα παῦσαν ἀοιδῆς\nΟἰχαλίηθεν ἰόντα παρʼ Εὐρύτου Οἰχαλιῆος·\nστεῦτο γὰρ εὐχόμενος νικησέμεν εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ\nΜοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο·\nαἳ δὲ χολωσάμεναι πηρὸν θέσαν, αὐτὰρ ἀοιδὴν\nθεσπεσίην ἀφέλοντο καὶ ἐκλέλαθον κιθαριστύν·\nτῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nτῷ δʼ ἐνενήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.\nοἳ δʼ ἔχον Ἀρκαδίην ὑπὸ Κυλλήνης ὄρος αἰπὺ\nΑἰπύτιον παρὰ τύμβον ἵνʼ ἀνέρες ἀγχιμαχηταί,", "en": "Laas, moreover, and Oetylus; these were led by Menelaus of the loud battle-cry, brother to Agamemnon, and of them there were sixty ships, drawn up apart from the others. Among them went Menelaus himself, strong in zeal, urging his men to fight; for he longed to avenge the toil and sorrow that he had suffered for the sake of Helen.\nThe men of Pylos and Arene, and Thryum where is the ford of the river Alpheus; strong Aipy, Cyparisseis, and Amphigenea; Pteleum, Helos, and Dorium, where the Muses met Thamyris, and stilled his minstrelsy for ever. He was returning from Oechalia, where Eurytus lived and reigned, and boasted that he would surpass even the Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, if they should sing against him; whereon they were angry, and maimed him. They robbed him of his divine power of song, and thenceforth he could strike the lyre no more. These were commanded by Nestor, knight of Gerene, and with him there came ninety ships.\nAnd those that held Arcadia, under the high mountain of Cyllene, near the tomb of Aepytus, where the people fight hand to hand;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.605–624", "orig": "οἳ Φενεόν τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ὀρχομενὸν πολύμηλον\nῬίπην τε Στρατίην τε καὶ ἠνεμόεσσαν Ἐνίσπην\nκαὶ Τεγέην εἶχον καὶ Μαντινέην ἐρατεινὴν\nΣτύμφηλόν τʼ εἶχον καὶ Παρρασίην ἐνέμοντο,\nτῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀγκαίοιο πάϊς κρείων Ἀγαπήνωρ\nἑξήκοντα νεῶν· πολέες δʼ ἐν νηῒ ἑκάστῃ\nἈρκάδες ἄνδρες ἔβαινον ἐπιστάμενοι πολεμίζειν.\nαὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nνῆας ἐϋσσέλμους περάαν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον\nἈτρεΐδης, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρα Βουπράσιόν τε καὶ Ἤλιδα δῖαν ἔναιον\nὅσσον ἐφʼ Ὑρμίνη καὶ Μύρσινος ἐσχατόωσα\nπέτρη τʼ Ὠλενίη καὶ Ἀλήσιον ἐντὸς ἐέργει,\nτῶν αὖ τέσσαρες ἀρχοὶ ἔσαν, δέκα δʼ ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ\nνῆες ἕποντο θοαί, πολέες δʼ ἔμβαινον Ἐπειοί.\nτῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀμφίμαχος καὶ Θάλπιος ἡγησάσθην\nυἷες ὃ μὲν Κτεάτου, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Εὐρύτου, Ἀκτορίωνε·\nτῶν δʼ Ἀμαρυγκεΐδης ἦρχε κρατερὸς Διώρης·\nτῶν δὲ τετάρτων ἦρχε Πολύξεινος θεοειδὴς\nυἱὸς Ἀγασθένεος Αὐγηϊάδαο ἄνακτος.", "en": "the men of Pheneus also, and Orchomenus rich in flocks; of Rhipae, Stratie, and bleak Enispe; of Tegea and fair Mantinea; of Stymphelus and Parrhasia; of these King Agapenor son of Ancaeus was commander, and they had sixty ships. Many Arcadians, good soldiers, came in each one of them, but Agamemnon found them the ships in which to cross the sea, for they were not a people that occupied their business upon the waters.\nThe men, moreover, of Buprasium and of Elis, so much of it as is enclosed between Hyrmine, Myrsinus upon the sea-shore, the rock Olene and Alesium. These had four leaders, and each of them had ten ships, with many Epeans on board. Their captains were Amphimachus and Thalpius, the one, son of Cteatus, and the other, of Eurytus, both of the race of Actor. The two others were Diores, son of Amarynceus, and Polyxenus, son of King Agasthenes, son of Augeas." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.625–644", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίοιο Ἐχινάων θʼ ἱεράων\nνήσων, αἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἁλὸς Ἤλιδος ἄντα,\nτῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε Μέγης ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ\nΦυλεΐδης, ὃν τίκτε Διῒ φίλος ἱππότα Φυλεύς,\nὅς ποτε Δουλίχιον δʼ ἀπενάσσατο πατρὶ χολωθείς·\nτῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nαὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦγε Κεφαλλῆνας μεγαθύμους,\nοἵ ῥʼ Ἰθάκην εἶχον καὶ Νήριτον εἰνοσίφυλλον\nκαὶ Κροκύλειʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αἰγίλιπα τρηχεῖαν,\nοἵ τε Ζάκυνθον ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Σάμον ἀμφενέμοντο,\nοἵ τʼ ἤπειρον ἔχον ἠδʼ ἀντιπέραιʼ ἐνέμοντο·\nτῶν μὲν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦρχε Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντος·\nτῷ δʼ ἅμα νῆες ἕποντο δυώδεκα μιλτοπάρῃοι.\nΑἰτωλῶν δʼ ἡγεῖτο Θόας Ἀνδραίμονος υἱός,\nοἳ Πλευρῶνʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ὤλενον ἠδὲ Πυλήνην\nΧαλκίδα τʼ ἀγχίαλον Καλυδῶνά τε πετρήεσσαν·\nοὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ Οἰνῆος μεγαλήτορος υἱέες ἦσαν,\nοὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ αὐτὸς ἔην, θάνε δὲ ξανθὸς Μελέαγρος·\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ πάντʼ ἐτέταλτο ἀνασσέμεν Αἰτωλοῖσι·\nτῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.", "en": "And those of Dulichium with the sacred Echinean islands, who dwelt beyond the sea off Elis; these were led by Meges, peer of Mars, and the son of valiant Phyleus, dear to Jove, who quarrelled with his father, and went to settle in Dulichium. With him there came forty ships.\nUlysses led the brave Cephallenians, who held Ithaca, Neritum with its forests, Crocylea, rugged Aegilips, Samos and Zacynthus, with the mainland also that was over against the islands. These were led by Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, and with him there came twelve ships.\nThoas, son of Andraemon, commanded the Aetolians, who dwelt in Pleuron, Olenus, Pylene, Chalcis by the sea, and rocky Calydon, for the great king Oeneus had now no sons living, and was himself dead, as was also golden-haired Meleager, who had been set over the Aetolians to be their king. And with Thoas there came forty ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.645–659", "orig": "Κρητῶν δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευεν,\nοἳ Κνωσόν τʼ εἶχον Γόρτυνά τε τειχιόεσσαν,\nΛύκτον Μίλητόν τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα Λύκαστον\nΦαιστόν τε Ῥύτιόν τε, πόλεις εὖ ναιετοώσας,\nἄλλοι θʼ οἳ Κρήτην ἑκατόμπολιν ἀμφενέμοντο.\nτῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευε\nΜηριόνης τʼ ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ·\nτοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ ὀγδώκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nΤληπόλεμος δʼ Ἡρακλεΐδης ἠΰς τε μέγας τε\nἐκ Ῥόδου ἐννέα νῆας ἄγεν Ῥοδίων ἀγερώχων,\nοἳ Ῥόδον ἀμφενέμοντο διὰ τρίχα κοσμηθέντες\nΛίνδον Ἰηλυσόν τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα Κάμειρον.\nτῶν μὲν Τληπόλεμος δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευεν,\nὃν τέκεν Ἀστυόχεια βίῃ Ἡρακληείῃ,\nτὴν ἄγετʼ ἐξ Ἐφύρης ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος", "en": "The famous spearsman Idomeneus led the Cretans, who held Cnossus, and the well-walled city of Gortys; Lyctus also, Miletus and Lycastus that lies upon the chalk; the populous towns of Phaestus and Rhytium, with the other peoples that dwelt in the hundred cities of Crete. All these were led by Idomeneus, and by Meriones, peer of murderous Mars. And with these there came eighty ships.\nTlepolemus, son of Hercules, a man both brave and large of stature, brought nine ships of lordly warriors from Rhodes. These dwelt in Rhodes which is divided among the three cities of Lindus, Ielysus, and Cameirus, that lies upon the chalk. These were commanded by Tlepolemus, son of Hercules by Astyochea, whom he had carried off from Ephyra, on the river Selleis, after sacking many cities of valiant warriors." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.660–679", "orig": "πέρσας ἄστεα πολλὰ διοτρεφέων αἰζηῶν.\nΤληπόλεμος δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ,\nαὐτίκα πατρὸς ἑοῖο φίλον μήτρωα κατέκτα\nἤδη γηράσκοντα Λικύμνιον ὄζον Ἄρηος·\nαἶψα δὲ νῆας ἔπηξε, πολὺν δʼ ὅ γε λαὸν ἀγείρας\nβῆ φεύγων ἐπὶ πόντον· ἀπείλησαν γάρ οἱ ἄλλοι\nυἱέες υἱωνοί τε βίης Ἡρακληείης.\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐς Ῥόδον ἷξεν ἀλώμενος ἄλγεα πάσχων·\nτριχθὰ δὲ ᾤκηθεν καταφυλαδόν, ἠδὲ φίληθεν\nἐκ Διός, ὅς τε θεοῖσι καὶ ἀνθρώποισιν ἀνάσσει,\nκαί σφιν θεσπέσιον πλοῦτον κατέχευε Κρονίων.\nΝιρεὺς αὖ Σύμηθεν ἄγε τρεῖς νῆας ἐΐσας\nΝιρεὺς Ἀγλαΐης υἱὸς Χαρόποιό τʼ ἄνακτος\nΝιρεύς, ὃς κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε\nτῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα·\nἀλλʼ ἀλαπαδνὸς ἔην, παῦρος δέ οἱ εἵπετο λαός.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρα Νίσυρόν τʼ εἶχον Κράπαθόν τε Κάσον τε\nκαὶ Κῶν Εὐρυπύλοιο πόλιν νήσους τε Καλύδνας,\nτῶν αὖ Φείδιππός τε καὶ Ἄντιφος ἡγησάσθην\nΘεσσαλοῦ υἷε δύω Ἡρακλεΐδαο ἄνακτος·", "en": "When Tlepolemus grew up, he killed his father’s uncle Licymnius, who had been a famous warrior in his time, but was then grown old. On this he built himself a fleet, gathered a great following, and fled beyond the sea, for he was menaced by the other sons and grandsons of Hercules. After a voyage, during which he suffered great hardship, he came to Rhodes, where the people divided into three communities, according to their tribes, and were dearly loved by Jove, the lord of gods and men; wherefore the son of Saturn showered down great riches upon them.\nAnd Nireus brought three ships from Syme, Nireus, who was the handsomest man that came up under Ilius of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus, but he was a man of no substance, and had but a small following.\nAnd those that held Nisyrus, Crapathus, and Casus, with Cos, the city of Eurypylus, and the Calydnian islands, these were commanded by Pheidippus and Antiphus, two sons of King Thessalus the son of Hercules." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.680–694", "orig": "τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.\nνῦν αὖ τοὺς ὅσσοι τὸ Πελασγικὸν Ἄργος ἔναιον,\nοἵ τʼ Ἄλον οἵ τʼ Ἀλόπην οἵ τε Τρηχῖνα νέμοντο,\nοἵ τʼ εἶχον Φθίην ἠδʼ Ἑλλάδα καλλιγύναικα,\nΜυρμιδόνες δὲ καλεῦντο καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί,\nτῶν αὖ πεντήκοντα νεῶν ἦν ἀρχὸς Ἀχιλλεύς.\nἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ οὐ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος ἐμνώοντο·\nοὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν ἐπὶ στίχας ἡγήσαιτο·\nκεῖτο γὰρ ἐν νήεσσι ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nκούρης χωόμενος Βρισηΐδος ἠϋκόμοιο,\nτὴν ἐκ Λυρνησσοῦ ἐξείλετο πολλὰ μογήσας\nΛυρνησσὸν διαπορθήσας καὶ τείχεα Θήβης,\nκὰδ δὲ Μύνητʼ ἔβαλεν καὶ Ἐπίστροφον ἐγχεσιμώρους,\nυἱέας Εὐηνοῖο Σεληπιάδαο ἄνακτος·\nτῆς ὅ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων, τάχα δʼ ἀνστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν.", "en": "And with them there came thirty ships.\nThose again who held Pelasgic Argos, Alos, Alope, and Trachis; and those of Phthia and Hellas the land of fair women, who were called Myrmidons, Hellenes, and Achaeans; these had fifty ships, over which Achilles was in command. But they now took no part in the war, inasmuch as there was no one to marshal them; for Achilles stayed by his ships, furious about the loss of the girl Briseis, whom he had taken from Lyrnessus at his own great peril, when he had sacked Lyrnessus and Thebe, and had overthrown Mynes and Epistrophus, sons of king Evenor, son of Selepus. For her sake Achilles was still grieving, but ere long he was again to join them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.695–709", "orig": "οἳ δʼ εἶχον Φυλάκην καὶ Πύρασον ἀνθεμόεντα\nΔήμητρος τέμενος, Ἴτωνά τε μητέρα μήλων,\nἀγχίαλόν τʼ Ἀντρῶνα ἰδὲ Πτελεὸν λεχεποίην,\nτῶν αὖ Πρωτεσίλαος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε\nζωὸς ἐών· τότε δʼ ἤδη ἔχεν κάτα γαῖα μέλαινα.\nτοῦ δὲ καὶ ἀμφιδρυφὴς ἄλοχος Φυλάκῃ ἐλέλειπτο\nκαὶ δόμος ἡμιτελής· τὸν δʼ ἔκτανε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ\nνηὸς ἀποθρῴσκοντα πολὺ πρώτιστον Ἀχαιῶν.\nοὐδὲ μὲν οὐδʼ οἳ ἄναρχοι ἔσαν, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἀρχόν·\nἀλλά σφεας κόσμησε Ποδάρκης ὄζος Ἄρηος\nἸφίκλου υἱὸς πολυμήλου Φυλακίδαο\nαὐτοκασίγνητος μεγαθύμου Πρωτεσιλάου\nὁπλότερος γενεῇ· ὁ δʼ ἅμα πρότερος καὶ ἀρείων\nἥρως Πρωτεσίλαος ἀρήϊος· οὐδέ τι λαοὶ\nδεύονθʼ ἡγεμόνος, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα·", "en": "And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies upon the grass lands. Of these brave Protesilaus had been captain while he was yet alive, but he was now lying under the earth. He had left a wife behind him in Phylace to tear her cheeks in sorrow, and his house was only half finished, for he was slain by a Dardanian warrior while leaping foremost of the Achaeans upon the soil of Troy. Still, though his people mourned their chieftain, they were not without a leader, for Podarces, of the race of Mars, marshalled them; he was son of Iphiclus, rich in sheep, who was the son of Phylacus, and he was own brother to Protesilaus, only younger, Protesilaus being at once the elder and the more valiant. So the people were not without a leader, though they mourned him whom they had lost." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.710–729", "orig": "τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nοἳ δὲ Φερὰς ἐνέμοντο παραὶ Βοιβηΐδα λίμνην\nΒοίβην καὶ Γλαφύρας καὶ ἐϋκτιμένην Ἰαωλκόν,\nτῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀδμήτοιο φίλος πάϊς ἕνδεκα νηῶν\nΕὔμηλος, τὸν ὑπʼ Ἀδμήτῳ τέκε δῖα γυναικῶν\nἌλκηστις Πελίαο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστη.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρα Μηθώνην καὶ Θαυμακίην ἐνέμοντο\nκαὶ Μελίβοιαν ἔχον καὶ Ὀλιζῶνα τρηχεῖαν,\nτῶν δὲ Φιλοκτήτης ἦρχεν τόξων ἐῢ εἰδὼς\nἑπτὰ νεῶν· ἐρέται δʼ ἐν ἑκάστῃ πεντήκοντα\nἐμβέβασαν τόξων εὖ εἰδότες ἶφι μάχεσθαι.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ κεῖτο κρατέρʼ ἄλγεα πάσχων\nΛήμνῳ ἐν ἠγαθέῃ, ὅθι μιν λίπον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nἕλκεϊ μοχθίζοντα κακῷ ὀλοόφρονος ὕδρου·\nἔνθʼ ὅ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων· τάχα δὲ μνήσεσθαι ἔμελλον\nἈργεῖοι παρὰ νηυσὶ Φιλοκτήταο ἄνακτος.\nοὐδὲ μὲν οὐδʼ οἳ ἄναρχοι ἔσαν, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἀρχόν·\nἀλλὰ Μέδων κόσμησεν Ὀϊλῆος νόθος υἱός,\nτόν ῥʼ ἔτεκεν Ῥήνη ὑπʼ Ὀϊλῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ.\nοἳ δʼ εἶχον Τρίκκην καὶ Ἰθώμην κλωμακόεσσαν,", "en": "With him there came forty ships.\nAnd those that held Pherae by the Boebean lake, with Boebe, Glaphyrae, and the populous city of Iolcus, these with their eleven ships were led by Eumelus, son of Admetus, whom Alcestis bore to him, loveliest of the daughters of Pelias.\nAnd those that held Methone and Thaumacia, with Meliboea and rugged Olizon, these were led by the skilful archer Philoctetes, and they had seven ships, each with fifty oarsmen all of them good archers; but Philoctetes was lying in great pain in the Island of Lemnos, where the sons of the Achaeans left him, for he had been bitten by a poisonous water snake. There he lay sick and sorry, and full soon did the Argives come to miss him. But his people, though they felt his loss were not leaderless, for Medon, the bastard son of Oileus by Rhene, set them in array." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.730–744", "orig": "οἵ τʼ ἔχον Οἰχαλίην πόλιν Εὐρύτου Οἰχαλιῆος,\nτῶν αὖθʼ ἡγείσθην Ἀσκληπιοῦ δύο παῖδε\nἰητῆρʼ ἀγαθὼ Ποδαλείριος ἠδὲ Μαχάων·\nτοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.\nοἳ δʼ ἔχον Ὀρμένιον, οἵ τε κρήνην Ὑπέρειαν,\nοἵ τʼ ἔχον Ἀστέριον Τιτάνοιό τε λευκὰ κάρηνα,\nτῶν ἦρχʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·\nτῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nοἳ δʼ Ἄργισσαν ἔχον καὶ Γυρτώνην ἐνέμοντο,\nὌρθην Ἠλώνην τε πόλιν τʼ Ὀλοοσσόνα λευκήν,\nτῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης\nυἱὸς Πειριθόοιο τὸν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς·\nτόν ῥʼ ὑπὸ Πειριθόῳ τέκετο κλυτὸς Ἱπποδάμεια\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε Φῆρας ἐτίσατο λαχνήεντας,\nτοὺς δʼ ἐκ Πηλίου ὦσε καὶ Αἰθίκεσσι πέλασσεν·", "en": "Those, again, of Tricca and the stony region of Ithome, and they that held Oechalia, the city of Oechalian Eurytus, these were commanded by the two sons of Aesculapius, skilled in the art of healing, Podalirius and Machaon. And with them there came thirty ships.\nThe men, moreover, of Ormenius, and by the fountain of Hypereia, with those that held Asterius, and the white crests of Titanus, these were led by Eurypylus, the son of Euaemon, and with them there came forty ships.\nThose that held Argissa and Gyrtone, Orthe, Elone, and the white city of Oloosson, of these brave Polypoetes was leader. He was son of Pirithous, who was son of Jove himself, for Hippodameia bore him to Pirithous on the day when he took his revenge on the shaggy mountain savages and drove them from Mt. Pelion to the Aithices." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.745–759", "orig": "οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος\nυἱὸς ὑπερθύμοιο Κορώνου Καινεΐδαο·\nτοῖς δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.\nΓουνεὺς δʼ ἐκ Κύφου ἦγε δύω καὶ εἴκοσι νῆας·\nτῷ δʼ Ἐνιῆνες ἕποντο μενεπτόλεμοί τε Περαιβοὶ\nοἳ περὶ Δωδώνην δυσχείμερον οἰκίʼ ἔθεντο,\nοἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ ἱμερτὸν Τιταρησσὸν ἔργα νέμοντο\nὅς ῥʼ ἐς Πηνειὸν προΐει καλλίρροον ὕδωρ,\nοὐδʼ ὅ γε Πηνειῷ συμμίσγεται ἀργυροδίνῃ,\nἀλλά τέ μιν καθύπερθεν ἐπιρρέει ἠΰτʼ ἔλαιον·\nὅρκου γὰρ δεινοῦ Στυγὸς ὕδατός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ.\nΜαγνήτων δʼ ἦρχε Πρόθοος Τενθρηδόνος υἱός,\nοἳ περὶ Πηνειὸν καὶ Πήλιον εἰνοσίφυλλον\nναίεσκον· τῶν μὲν Πρόθοος θοὸς ἡγεμόνευε,\nτῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο.", "en": "But Polypoetes was not sole in command, for with him was Leonteus, of the race of Mars, who was son of Coronus, the son of Caeneus. And with these there came forty ships.\nGuneus brought two and twenty ships from Cyphus, and he was followed by the Enienes and the valiant Peraebi, who dwelt about wintry Dodona, and held the lands round the lovely river Titaresius, which sends its waters into the Peneus. They do not mingle with the silver eddies of the Peneus, but flow on the top of them like oil; for the Titaresius is a branch of dread Orcus and of the river Styx.\nOf the Magnetes, Prothous son of Tenthredon was commander. They were they that dwelt about the river Peneus and Mt. Pelion. Prothous, fleet of foot, was their leader, and with him there came forty ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.760–779", "orig": "οὗτοι ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν καὶ κοίρανοι ἦσαν·\nτίς τὰρ τῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἔην σύ μοι ἔννεπε Μοῦσα\nαὐτῶν ἠδʼ ἵππων, οἳ ἅμʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν ἕποντο.\nἵπποι μὲν μέγʼ ἄρισται ἔσαν Φηρητιάδαο,\nτὰς Εὔμηλος ἔλαυνε ποδώκεας ὄρνιθας ὣς\nὄτριχας οἰέτεας σταφύλῇ ἐπὶ νῶτον ἐΐσας·\nτὰς ἐν Πηρείῃ θρέψʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων\nἄμφω θηλείας, φόβον Ἄρηος φορεούσας.\nἀνδρῶν αὖ μέγʼ ἄριστος ἔην Τελαμώνιος Αἴας\nὄφρʼ Ἀχιλεὺς μήνιεν· ὃ γὰρ πολὺ φέρτατος ἦεν,\nἵπποι θʼ οἳ φορέεσκον ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήεσσι κορωνίσι ποντοπόροισι\nκεῖτʼ ἀπομηνίσας Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν\nἈτρεΐδῃ· λαοὶ δὲ παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης\nδίσκοισιν τέρποντο καὶ αἰγανέῃσιν ἱέντες\nτόξοισίν θʼ· ἵπποι δὲ παρʼ ἅρμασιν οἷσιν ἕκαστος\nλωτὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι ἐλεόθρεπτόν τε σέλινον\nἕστασαν· ἅρματα δʼ εὖ πεπυκασμένα κεῖτο ἀνάκτων\nἐν κλισίῃς· οἳ δʼ ἀρχὸν ἀρηΐφιλον ποθέοντες\nφοίτων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα κατὰ στρατὸν οὐδὲ μάχοντο.", "en": "Such were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans. Who, then, O Muse, was the foremost, whether man or horse, among those that followed after the sons of Atreus?\nOf the horses, those of the son of Pheres were by far the finest. They were driven by Eumelus, and were as fleet as birds. They were of the same age and colour, and perfectly matched in height. Apollo, of the silver bow, had bred them in Perea, both of them mares, and terrible as Mars in battle. Of the men, Ajax, son of Telamon, was much the foremost so long as Achilles’ anger lasted, for Achilles excelled him greatly and he had also better horses; but Achilles was now holding aloof at his ships by reason of his quarrel with Agamemnon, and his people passed their time upon the sea-shore, throwing discs or aiming with spears at a mark, and in archery. Their horses stood each by his own chariot, champing lotus and wild celery. The chariots were housed under cover, but their owners, for lack of leadership, wandered hither and thither about the host and went not forth to fight." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.780–794", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἴσαν ὡς εἴ τε πυρὶ χθὼν πᾶσα νέμοιτο·\nγαῖα δʼ ὑπεστενάχιζε Διὶ ὣς τερπικεραύνῳ\nχωομένῳ ὅτε τʼ ἀμφὶ Τυφωέϊ γαῖαν ἱμάσσῃ\nεἰν Ἀρίμοις, ὅθι φασὶ Τυφωέος ἔμμεναι εὐνάς·\nὣς ἄρα τῶν ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγα στεναχίζετο γαῖα\nἐρχομένων· μάλα δʼ ὦκα διέπρησσον πεδίοιο.\nΤρωσὶν δʼ ἄγγελος ἦλθε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις\nπὰρ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο σὺν ἀγγελίῃ ἀλεγεινῇ·\nοἳ δʼ ἀγορὰς ἀγόρευον ἐπὶ Πριάμοιο θύρῃσι\nπάντες ὁμηγερέες ἠμὲν νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες·\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nεἴσατο δὲ φθογγὴν υἷϊ Πριάμοιο Πολίτῃ,\nὃς Τρώων σκοπὸς ἷζε ποδωκείῃσι πεποιθὼς\nτύμβῳ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτῳ Αἰσυήταο γέροντος,\nδέγμενος ὁππότε ναῦφιν ἀφορμηθεῖεν Ἀχαιοί·", "en": "Thus marched the host like a consuming fire, and the earth groaned beneath them when the lord of thunder is angry and lashes the land about Typhoeus among the Arimi, where they say Typhoeus lies. Even so did the earth groan beneath them as they sped over the plain.\nAnd now Iris, fleet as the wind, was sent by Jove to tell the bad news among the Trojans. They were gathered in assembly, old and young, at Priam’s gates, and Iris came close up to Priam, speaking with the voice of Priam’s son Polites, who, being fleet of foot, was stationed as watchman for the Trojans on the tomb of old Aesyetes, to look out for any sally of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.795–814", "orig": "τῷ μιν ἐεισαμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nὦ γέρον αἰεί τοι μῦθοι φίλοι ἄκριτοί εἰσιν,\nὥς ποτʼ ἐπʼ εἰρήνης· πόλεμος δʼ ἀλίαστος ὄρωρεν.\nἤδη μὲν μάλα πολλὰ μάχας εἰσήλυθον ἀνδρῶν,\nἀλλʼ οὔ πω τοιόνδε τοσόνδέ τε λαὸν ὄπωπα·\nλίην γὰρ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἢ ψαμάθοισιν\nἔρχονται πεδίοιο μαχησόμενοι προτὶ ἄστυ.\nἝκτορ σοὶ δὲ μάλιστʼ ἐπιτέλλομαι, ὧδε δὲ ῥέξαι·\nπολλοὶ γὰρ κατὰ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμου ἐπίκουροι,\nἄλλη δʼ ἄλλων γλῶσσα πολυσπερέων ἀνθρώπων·\nτοῖσιν ἕκαστος ἀνὴρ σημαινέτω οἷσί περ ἄρχει,\nτῶν δʼ ἐξηγείσθω κοσμησάμενος πολιήτας.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ οὔ τι θεᾶς ἔπος ἠγνοίησεν,\nαἶψα δʼ ἔλυσʼ ἀγορήν· ἐπὶ τεύχεα δʼ ἐσσεύοντο·\nπᾶσαι δʼ ὠΐγνυντο πύλαι, ἐκ δʼ ἔσσυτο λαὸς\nπεζοί θʼ ἱππῆές τε· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.\nἔστι δέ τις προπάροιθε πόλιος αἰπεῖα κολώνη\nἐν πεδίῳ ἀπάνευθε περίδρομος ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,\nτὴν ἤτοι ἄνδρες Βατίειαν κικλήσκουσιν,\nἀθάνατοι δέ τε σῆμα πολυσκάρθμοιο Μυρίνης·", "en": "In his likeness Iris spoke, saying, “Old man, you talk idly, as in time of peace, while war is at hand. I have been in many a battle, but never yet saw such a host as is now advancing. They are crossing the plain to attack the city as thick as leaves or as the sands of the sea. Hector, I charge you above all others, do as I say. There are many allies dispersed about the city of Priam from distant places and speaking divers tongues. Therefore, let each chief give orders to his own people, setting them severally in array and leading them forth to battle.”\nThus she spoke, but Hector knew that it was the goddess, and at once broke up the assembly. The men flew to arms; all the gates were opened, and the people thronged through them, horse and foot, with the tramp as of a great multitude.\nNow there is a high mound before the city, rising by itself upon the plain. Men call it Batieia, but the gods know that it is the tomb of lithe Myrine." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.815–834", "orig": "ἔνθα τότε Τρῶές τε διέκριθεν ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι.\nΤρωσὶ μὲν ἡγεμόνευε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nΠριαμίδης· ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι\nλαοὶ θωρήσσοντο μεμαότες ἐγχείῃσι.\nΔαρδανίων αὖτʼ ἦρχεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο\nΑἰνείας, τὸν ὑπʼ Ἀγχίσῃ τέκε δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη\nἼδης ἐν κνημοῖσι θεὰ βροτῷ εὐνηθεῖσα,\nοὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω Ἀντήνορος υἷε\nἈρχέλοχός τʼ Ἀκάμας τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης.\nοἳ δὲ Ζέλειαν ἔναιον ὑπαὶ πόδα νείατον Ἴδης\nἀφνειοὶ πίνοντες ὕδωρ μέλαν Αἰσήποιο\nΤρῶες, τῶν αὖτʼ ἦρχε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς\nΠάνδαρος, ᾧ καὶ τόξον Ἀπόλλων αὐτὸς ἔδωκεν.\nοἳ δʼ Ἀδρήστειάν τʼ εἶχον καὶ δῆμον Ἀπαισοῦ\nκαὶ Πιτύειαν ἔχον καὶ Τηρείης ὄρος αἰπύ,\nτῶν ἦρχʼ Ἄδρηστός τε καὶ Ἄμφιος λινοθώρηξ\nυἷε δύω Μέροπος Περκωσίου, ὃς περὶ πάντων\nᾔδεε μαντοσύνας, οὐδὲ οὓς παῖδας ἔασκε\nστείχειν ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα· τὼ δέ οἱ οὔ τι\nπειθέσθην· κῆρες γὰρ ἄγον μέλανος θανάτοιο.", "en": "Here the Trojans and their allies divided their forces.\nPriam’s son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans, and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those who were longing for the fray.\nThe Dardanians were led by brave Aeneas, whom Venus bore to Anchises, when she, goddess though she was, had lain with him upon the mountain slopes of Ida. He was not alone, for with him were the two sons of Antenor, Archelochus and Acamas, both skilled in all the arts of war.\nThey that dwelt in Telea under the lowest spurs of Mt. Ida, men of substance, who drink the limpid waters of the Aesepus, and are of Trojan blood, these were led by Pandarus son of Lycaon, whom Apollo had taught to use the bow.\nThey that held Adresteia and the land of Apaesus, with Pityeia, and the high mountain of Tereia, these were led by Adrestus and Amphius, whose breastplate was of linen. These were the sons of Merops of Percote, who excelled in all kinds of divination. He told them not to take part in the war, but they gave him no heed, for fate lured them to destruction." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.835–854", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἄρα Περκώτην καὶ Πράκτιον ἀμφενέμοντο\nκαὶ Σηστὸν καὶ Ἄβυδον ἔχον καὶ δῖαν Ἀρίσβην,\nτῶν αὖθʼ Ὑρτακίδης ἦρχʼ Ἄσιος ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν,\nἌσιος Ὑρτακίδης ὃν Ἀρίσβηθεν φέρον ἵπποι\nαἴθωνες μεγάλοι ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος.\nἹππόθοος δʼ ἄγε φῦλα Πελασγῶν ἐγχεσιμώρων\nτῶν οἳ Λάρισαν ἐριβώλακα ναιετάασκον·\nτῶν ἦρχʼ Ἱππόθοός τε Πύλαιός τʼ ὄζος Ἄρηος,\nυἷε δύω Λήθοιο Πελασγοῦ Τευταμίδαο.\nαὐτὰρ Θρήϊκας ἦγʼ Ἀκάμας καὶ Πείροος ἥρως\nὅσσους Ἑλλήσποντος ἀγάρροος ἐντὸς ἐέργει.\nΕὔφημος δʼ ἀρχὸς Κικόνων ἦν αἰχμητάων\nυἱὸς Τροιζήνοιο διοτρεφέος Κεάδαο.\nαὐτὰρ Πυραίχμης ἄγε Παίονας ἀγκυλοτόξους\nτηλόθεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπʼ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος,\nἈξιοῦ οὗ κάλλιστον ὕδωρ ἐπικίδναται αἶαν.\nΠαφλαγόνων δʼ ἡγεῖτο Πυλαιμένεος λάσιον κῆρ\nἐξ Ἐνετῶν, ὅθεν ἡμιόνων γένος ἀγροτεράων,\nοἵ ῥα Κύτωρον ἔχον καὶ Σήσαμον ἀμφενέμοντο\nἀμφί τε Παρθένιον ποταμὸν κλυτὰ δώματʼ ἔναιον", "en": "They that dwelt about Percote and Practius, with Sestos, Abydos, and Arisbe, these were led by Asius, son of Hyrtacus, a brave commander, Asius, the son of Hyrtacus, whom his powerful dark bay steeds, of the breed that comes from the river Selleis, had brought from Arisbe.\nHippothous led the tribes of Pelasgian spearsmen, who dwelt in fertile Larissa, Hippothous, and Pylaeus of the race of Mars, two sons of the Pelasgian Lethus, son of Teutamus.\nAcamas and the warrior Peirous commanded the Thracians and those that came from beyond the mighty stream of the Hellespont.\nEuphemus, son of Troezenus, the son of Ceos, was captain of the Ciconian spearsmen.\nPyraechmes led the Paeonian archers from distant Amydon, by the broad waters of the river Axius, the fairest that flow upon the earth.\nThe Paphlagonians were commanded by stout-hearted Pylaemanes from Enetae, where the mules run wild in herds. These were they that held Cytorus and the country round Sesamus, with the cities by the river Parthenius, Cromna, Aegialus, and lofty Erithini." }, { "ref": "Iliad 2.855–877", "orig": "Κρῶμνάν τʼ Αἰγιαλόν τε καὶ ὑψηλοὺς Ἐρυθίνους.\nαὐτὰρ Ἁλιζώνων Ὀδίος καὶ Ἐπίστροφος ἦρχον\nτηλόθεν ἐξ Ἀλύβης, ὅθεν ἀργύρου ἐστὶ γενέθλη.\nΜυσῶν δὲ Χρόμις ἦρχε καὶ Ἔννομος οἰωνιστής·\nἀλλʼ οὐκ οἰωνοῖσιν ἐρύσατο κῆρα μέλαιναν,\nἀλλʼ ἐδάμη ὑπὸ χερσὶ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο\nἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι περ Τρῶας κεράϊζε καὶ ἄλλους.\nΦόρκυς αὖ Φρύγας ἦγε καὶ Ἀσκάνιος θεοειδὴς\nτῆλʼ ἐξ Ἀσκανίης· μέμασαν δʼ ὑσμῖνι μάχεσθαι.\nΜῄοσιν αὖ Μέσθλης τε καὶ Ἄντιφος ἡγησάσθην\nυἷε Ταλαιμένεος τὼ Γυγαίη τέκε λίμνη,\nοἳ καὶ Μῄονας ἦγον ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας.\nΝάστης αὖ Καρῶν ἡγήσατο βαρβαροφώνων,\nοἳ Μίλητον ἔχον Φθιρῶν τʼ ὄρος ἀκριτόφυλλον\nΜαιάνδρου τε ῥοὰς Μυκάλης τʼ αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα·\nτῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀμφίμαχος καὶ Νάστης ἡγησάσθην,\nΝάστης Ἀμφίμαχός τε Νομίονος ἀγλαὰ τέκνα,\nὃς καὶ χρυσὸν ἔχων πόλεμον δʼ ἴεν ἠΰτε κούρη\nνήπιος, οὐδέ τί οἱ τό γʼ ἐπήρκεσε λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον,\nἀλλʼ ἐδάμη ὑπὸ χερσὶ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο\nἐν ποταμῷ, χρυσὸν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἐκόμισσε δαΐφρων.\nΣαρπηδὼν δʼ ἦρχεν Λυκίων καὶ Γλαῦκος ἀμύμων\nτηλόθεν ἐκ Λυκίης, Ξάνθου ἄπο δινήεντος.", "en": "Odius and Epistrophus were captains over the Halizoni from distant Alybe, where there are mines of silver.\nChromis, and Ennomus the augur, led the Mysians, but his skill in augury availed not to save him from destruction, for he fell by the hand of the fleet descendant of Aeacus in the river, where he slew others also of the Trojans.\nPhorcys, again, and noble Ascanius led the Phrygians from the far country of Ascania, and both were eager for the fray.\nMesthles and Antiphus commanded the Meonians, sons of Talaemenes, born to him of the Gygaean lake. These led the Meonians, who dwelt under Mt. Tmolus.\nNastes led the Carians, men of a strange speech. These held Miletus and the wooded mountain of Phthires, with the water of the river Maeander and the lofty crests of Mt. Mycale. These were commanded by Nastes and Amphimachus, the brave sons of Nomion. He came into the fight with gold about him, like a girl; fool that he was, his gold was of no avail to save him, for he fell in the river by the hand of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, and Achilles bore away his gold.\nSarpedon and Glaucus led the Lycians from their distant land, by the eddying waters of the Xanthus." } ], "3": [ { "ref": "Iliad 3.1–14", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κόσμηθεν ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν ἕκαστοι,\nΤρῶες μὲν κλαγγῇ τʼ ἐνοπῇ τʼ ἴσαν ὄρνιθες ὣς\nἠΰτε περ κλαγγὴ γεράνων πέλει οὐρανόθι πρό·\nαἵ τʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν χειμῶνα φύγον καὶ ἀθέσφατον ὄμβρον\nκλαγγῇ ταί γε πέτονται ἐπʼ ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων\nἀνδράσι Πυγμαίοισι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φέρουσαι·\nἠέριαι δʼ ἄρα ταί γε κακὴν ἔριδα προφέρονται.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἴσαν σιγῇ μένεα πνείοντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐν θυμῷ μεμαῶτες ἀλεξέμεν ἀλλήλοισιν.\nεὖτʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇσι Νότος κατέχευεν ὀμίχλην\nποιμέσιν οὔ τι φίλην, κλέπτῃ δέ τε νυκτὸς ἀμείνω,\nτόσσόν τίς τʼ ἐπιλεύσσει ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ λᾶαν ἵησιν·\nὣς ἄρα τῶν ὑπὸ ποσσὶ κονίσαλος ὄρνυτʼ ἀελλὴς\nἐρχομένων· μάλα δʼ ὦκα διέπρησσον πεδίοιο.", "en": "When the companies were thus arrayed, each under its own captain, the Trojans advanced as a flight of wild-fowl or cranes that scream overhead when rain and winter drive them over the flowing waters of Oceanus to bring death and destruction on the Pygmies, and they wrangle in the air as they fly; but the Achaeans marched silently, in high heart, and minded to stand by one another.\nAs when the south wind spreads a curtain of mist upon the mountain tops, bad for shepherds but better than night for thieves, and a man can see no further than he can throw a stone, even so rose the dust from under their feet as they made all speed over the plain." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.15–26", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nΤρωσὶν μὲν προμάχιζεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδὴς\nπαρδαλέην ὤμοισιν ἔχων καὶ καμπύλα τόξα\nκαὶ ξίφος· αὐτὰρ δοῦρε δύω κεκορυθμένα χαλκῷ\nπάλλων Ἀργείων προκαλίζετο πάντας ἀρίστους\nἀντίβιον μαχέσασθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι.\nτὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησεν ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος\nἐρχόμενον προπάροιθεν ὁμίλου μακρὰ βιβάντα,\nὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ σώματι κύρσας\nεὑρὼν ἢ ἔλαφον κεραὸν ἢ ἄγριον αἶγα\nπεινάων· μάλα γάρ τε κατεσθίει, εἴ περ ἂν αὐτὸν\nσεύωνται ταχέες τε κύνες θαλεροί τʼ αἰζηοί·", "en": "When they were close up with one another, Alexandrus came forward as champion on the Trojan side. On his shoulders he bore the skin of a panther, his bow, and his sword, and he brandished two spears shod with bronze as a challenge to the bravest of the Achaeans to meet him in single fight. Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then, though dogs and youths set upon him. Even thus was Menelaus glad when his eyes caught sight of Alexandrus, for he deemed that now he should be revenged." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.27–38", "orig": "ὣς ἐχάρη Μενέλαος Ἀλέξανδρον θεοειδέα\nὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδών· φάτο γὰρ τίσεσθαι ἀλείτην·\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε.\nτὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδὴς\nἐν προμάχοισι φανέντα, κατεπλήγη φίλον ἦτορ,\nἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τίς τε δράκοντα ἰδὼν παλίνορσος ἀπέστη\nοὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ὑπό τε τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα,\nἂψ δʼ ἀνεχώρησεν, ὦχρός τέ μιν εἷλε παρειάς,\nὣς αὖτις καθʼ ὅμιλον ἔδυ Τρώων ἀγερώχων\nδείσας Ἀτρέος υἱὸν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής.\nτὸν δʼ Ἕκτωρ νείκεσσεν ἰδὼν αἰσχροῖς ἐπέεσσιν·", "en": "He sprang, therefore, from his chariot, clad in his suit of armour.\nAlexandrus quailed as he saw Menelaus come forward, and shrank in fear of his life under cover of his men. As one who starts back affrighted, trembling and pale, when he comes suddenly upon a serpent in some mountain glade, even so did Alexandrus plunge into the throng of Trojan warriors, terror-stricken at the sight of the son of Atreus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.39–57", "orig": "Δύσπαρι εἶδος ἄριστε γυναιμανὲς ἠπεροπευτὰ\nαἴθʼ ὄφελες ἄγονός τʼ ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τʼ ἀπολέσθαι·\nκαί κε τὸ βουλοίμην, καί κεν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν\nἢ οὕτω λώβην τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ ὑπόψιον ἄλλων.\nἦ που καγχαλόωσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nφάντες ἀριστῆα πρόμον ἔμμεναι, οὕνεκα καλὸν\nεἶδος ἔπʼ, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστι βίη φρεσὶν οὐδέ τις ἀλκή.\nἦ τοιόσδε ἐὼν ἐν ποντοπόροισι νέεσσι\nπόντον ἐπιπλώσας, ἑτάρους ἐρίηρας ἀγείρας,\nμιχθεὶς ἀλλοδαποῖσι γυναῖκʼ εὐειδέʼ ἀνῆγες\nἐξ ἀπίης γαίης νυὸν ἀνδρῶν αἰχμητάων\nπατρί τε σῷ μέγα πῆμα πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ,\nδυσμενέσιν μὲν χάρμα, κατηφείην δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ;\nοὐκ ἂν δὴ μείνειας ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον;\nγνοίης χʼ οἵου φωτὸς ἔχεις θαλερὴν παράκοιτιν·\nοὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις τά τε δῶρʼ Ἀφροδίτης\nἥ τε κόμη τό τε εἶδος ὅτʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μιγείης.\nἀλλὰ μάλα Τρῶες δειδήμονες· ἦ τέ κεν ἤδη\nλάϊνον ἕσσο χιτῶνα κακῶν ἕνεχʼ ὅσσα ἔοργας.", "en": "Then Hector upbraided him. “Paris,” said he, “evil-hearted Paris, fair to see, but woman-mad, and false of tongue, would that you had never been born, or that you had died unwed. Better so, than live to be disgraced and looked askance at. Will not the Achaeans mock at us and say that we have sent one to champion us who is fair to see but who has neither wit nor courage? Did you not, such as you are, get your following together and sail beyond the seas? Did you not from your a far country carry off a lovely woman wedded among a people of warriors, to bring sorrow upon your father, your city, and your whole country, but joy to your enemies, and hang-dog shamefacedness to yourself? And now can you not dare face Menelaus and learn what manner of man he is whose wife you have stolen? Where indeed would be your lyre and your love-tricks, your comely locks and your fair favour, when you were lying in the dust before him? The Trojans are a weak-kneed people, or ere this you would have had a shirt of stones for the wrongs you have done them.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.58–75", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής·\nἝκτορ ἐπεί με κατʼ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας οὐδʼ ὑπὲρ αἶσαν·\nαἰεί τοι κραδίη πέλεκυς ὥς ἐστιν ἀτειρὴς\nὅς τʼ εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπʼ ἀνέρος ὅς ῥά τε τέχνῃ\nνήϊον ἐκτάμνῃσιν, ὀφέλλει δʼ ἀνδρὸς ἐρωήν·\nὣς σοὶ ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀτάρβητος νόος ἐστί·\nμή μοι δῶρʼ ἐρατὰ πρόφερε χρυσέης Ἀφροδίτης·\nοὔ τοι ἀπόβλητʼ ἐστὶ θεῶν ἐρικυδέα δῶρα\nὅσσά κεν αὐτοὶ δῶσιν, ἑκὼν δʼ οὐκ ἄν τις ἕλοιτο·\nνῦν αὖτʼ εἴ μʼ ἐθέλεις πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι,\nἄλλους μὲν κάθισον Τρῶας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιούς,\nαὐτὰρ ἔμʼ ἐν μέσσῳ καὶ ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον\nσυμβάλετʼ ἀμφʼ Ἑλένῃ καὶ κτήμασι πᾶσι μάχεσθαι·\nὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ κρείσσων τε γένηται,\nκτήμαθʼ ἑλὼν εὖ πάντα γυναῖκά τε οἴκαδʼ ἀγέσθω·\nοἳ δʼ ἄλλοι φιλότητα καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμόντες\nναίοιτε Τροίην ἐριβώλακα, τοὶ δὲ νεέσθων\nἌργος ἐς ἱππόβοτον καὶ Ἀχαιΐδα καλλιγύναικα.", "en": "And Alexandrus answered, “Hector, your rebuke is just. You are hard as the axe which a shipwright wields at his work, and cleaves the timber to his liking. As the axe in his hand, so keen is the edge of your scorn. Still, taunt me not with the gifts that golden Venus has given me; they are precious; let not a man disdain them, for the gods give them where they are minded, and none can have them for the asking. If you would have me do battle with Menelaus, bid the Trojans and Achaeans take their seats, while he and I fight in their midst for Helen and all her wealth. Let him who shall be victorious and prove to be the better man take the woman and all she has, to bear them to his home, but let the rest swear to a solemn covenant of peace whereby you Trojans shall stay here in Troy, while the others go home to Argos and the land of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.76–94", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐχάρη μέγα μῦθον ἀκούσας,\nκαί ῥʼ ἐς μέσσον ἰὼν Τρώων ἀνέεργε φάλαγγας\nμέσσου δουρὸς ἑλών· τοὶ δʼ ἱδρύνθησαν ἅπαντες.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπετοξάζοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τʼ ἔβαλλον·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μακρὸν ἄϋσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nἴσχεσθʼ Ἀργεῖοι, μὴ βάλλετε κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν·\nστεῦται γάρ τι ἔπος ἐρέειν κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἔσχοντο μάχης ἄνεῴ τʼ ἐγένοντο\nἐσσυμένως· Ἕκτωρ δὲ μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔειπε·\nκέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nμῦθον Ἀλεξάνδροιο, τοῦ εἵνεκα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν.\nἄλλους μὲν κέλεται Τρῶας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nτεύχεα κάλʼ ἀποθέσθαι ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ,\nαὐτὸν δʼ ἐν μέσσῳ καὶ ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον\nοἴους ἀμφʼ Ἑλένῃ καὶ κτήμασι πᾶσι μάχεσθαι.\nὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ κρείσσων τε γένηται\nκτήμαθʼ ἑλὼν εὖ πάντα γυναῖκά τε οἴκαδʼ ἀγέσθω·\nοἳ δʼ ἄλλοι φιλότητα καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ τάμωμεν.", "en": "When Hector heard this he was glad, and went about among the Trojan ranks holding his spear by the middle to keep them back, and they all sat down at his bidding: but the Achaeans still aimed at him with stones and arrows, till Agamemnon shouted to them saying, “Hold, Argives, shoot not, sons of the Achaeans; Hector desires to speak.”\nThey ceased taking aim and were still, whereon Hector spoke. “Hear from my mouth,” said he, “Trojans and Achaeans, the saying of Alexandrus, through whom this quarrel has come about. He bids the Trojans and Achaeans lay their armour upon the ground, while he and Menelaus fight in the midst of you for Helen and all her wealth. Let him who shall be victorious and prove to be the better man take the woman and all she has, to bear them to his own home, but let the rest swear to a solemn covenant of peace.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.95–110", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ·\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·\nκέκλυτε νῦν καὶ ἐμεῖο· μάλιστα γὰρ ἄλγος ἱκάνει\nθυμὸν ἐμόν, φρονέω δὲ διακρινθήμεναι ἤδη\nἈργείους καὶ Τρῶας, ἐπεὶ κακὰ πολλὰ πέπασθε\nεἵνεκʼ ἐμῆς ἔριδος καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἀρχῆς·\nἡμέων δʼ ὁπποτέρῳ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα τέτυκται\nτεθναίη· ἄλλοι δὲ διακρινθεῖτε τάχιστα.\nοἴσετε ἄρνʼ, ἕτερον λευκόν, ἑτέρην δὲ μέλαιναν,\nΓῇ τε καὶ Ἠελίῳ· Διὶ δʼ ἡμεῖς οἴσομεν ἄλλον·\nἄξετε δὲ Πριάμοιο βίην, ὄφρʼ ὅρκια τάμνῃ\nαὐτός, ἐπεί οἱ παῖδες ὑπερφίαλοι καὶ ἄπιστοι,\nμή τις ὑπερβασίῃ Διὸς ὅρκια δηλήσηται.\nαἰεὶ δʼ ὁπλοτέρων ἀνδρῶν φρένες ἠερέθονται·\nοἷς δʼ ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν ἅμα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω\nλεύσσει, ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισι γένηται.", "en": "Thus he spoke, and they all held their peace, till Menelaus of the loud battle-cry addressed them. “And now,” he said, “hear me too, for it is I who am the most aggrieved. I deem that the parting of Achaeans and Trojans is at hand, as well it may be, seeing how much have suffered for my quarrel with Alexandrus and the wrong he did me. Let him who shall die, die, and let the others fight no more. Bring, then, two lambs, a white ram and a black ewe, for Earth and Sun, and we will bring a third for Jove. Moreover, you shall bid Priam come, that he may swear to the covenant himself; for his sons are high-handed and ill to trust, and the oaths of Jove must not be transgressed or taken in vain. Young men’s minds are light as air, but when an old man comes he looks before and after, deeming that which shall be fairest upon both sides.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.111–128", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐχάρησαν Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε\nἐλπόμενοι παύσασθαι ὀϊζυροῦ πολέμοιο.\nκαί ῥʼ ἵππους μὲν ἔρυξαν ἐπὶ στίχας, ἐκ δʼ ἔβαν αὐτοί,\nτεύχεά τʼ ἐξεδύοντο· τὰ μὲν κατέθεντʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nπλησίον ἀλλήλων, ὀλίγη δʼ ἦν ἀμφὶς ἄρουρα·\nἝκτωρ δὲ προτὶ ἄστυ δύω κήρυκας ἔπεμπε\nκαρπαλίμως ἄρνάς τε φέρειν Πρίαμόν τε καλέσσαι·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Ταλθύβιον προΐει κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς ἰέναι, ἠδʼ ἄρνʼ ἐκέλευεν\nοἰσέμεναι· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀπίθησʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι δίῳ.\nἾρις δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑλένῃ λευκωλένῳ ἄγγελος ἦλθεν\nεἰδομένη γαλόῳ Ἀντηνορίδαο δάμαρτι,\nτὴν Ἀντηνορίδης εἶχε κρείων Ἑλικάων\nΛαοδίκην Πριάμοιο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην.\nτὴν δʼ εὗρʼ ἐν μεγάρῳ· ἣ δὲ μέγαν ἱστὸν ὕφαινε\nδίπλακα πορφυρέην, πολέας δʼ ἐνέπασσεν ἀέθλους\nΤρώων θʼ ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,\nοὕς ἑθεν εἵνεκʼ ἔπασχον ὑπʼ Ἄρηος παλαμάων·", "en": "The Trojans and Achaeans were glad when they heard this, for they thought that they should now have rest. They backed their chariots toward the ranks, got out of them, and put off their armour, laying it down upon the ground; and the hosts were near to one another with a little space between them. Hector sent two messengers to the city to bring the lambs and to bid Priam come, while Agamemnon told Talthybius to fetch the other lamb from the ships, and he did as Agamemnon had said.\nMeanwhile Iris went to Helen in the form of her sister-in-law, wife of the son of Antenor, for Helicaon, son of Antenor, had married Laodice, the fairest of Priam’s daughters. She found her in her own room, working at a great web of purple linen, on which she was embroidering the battles between Trojans and Achaeans, that Mars had made them fight for her sake." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.129–145", "orig": "ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nδεῦρʼ ἴθι νύμφα φίλη, ἵνα θέσκελα ἔργα ἴδηαι\nΤρώων θʼ ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,\nοἳ πρὶν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι φέρον πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα\nἐν πεδίῳ ὀλοοῖο λιλαιόμενοι πολέμοιο·\nοἳ δὴ νῦν ἕαται σιγῇ, πόλεμος δὲ πέπαυται,\nἀσπίσι κεκλιμένοι, παρὰ δʼ ἔγχεα μακρὰ πέπηγεν.\nαὐτὰρ Ἀλέξανδρος καὶ ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος\nμακρῇς ἐγχείῃσι μαχήσονται περὶ σεῖο·\nτῷ δέ κε νικήσαντι φίλη κεκλήσῃ ἄκοιτις.\nὣς εἰποῦσα θεὰ γλυκὺν ἵμερον ἔμβαλε θυμῷ\nἀνδρός τε προτέρου καὶ ἄστεος ἠδὲ τοκήων·\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἀργεννῇσι καλυψαμένη ὀθόνῃσιν\nὁρμᾶτʼ ἐκ θαλάμοιο τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα\nοὐκ οἴη, ἅμα τῇ γε καὶ ἀμφίπολοι δύʼ ἕποντο,\nΑἴθρη Πιτθῆος θυγάτηρ, Κλυμένη τε βοῶπις·\nαἶψα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἵκανον ὅθι Σκαιαὶ πύλαι ἦσαν.", "en": "Iris then came close up to her and said, “Come hither, child, and see the strange doings of the Trojans and Achaeans. Till now they have been warring upon the plain, mad with lust of battle, but now they have left off fighting, and are leaning upon their shields, sitting still with their spears planted beside them. Alexandrus and Menelaus are going to fight about yourself, and you are to be the wife of him who is the victor.”\nThus spoke the goddess, and Helen’s heart yearned after her former husband, her city, and her parents. She threw a white mantle over her head, and hurried from her room, weeping as she went, not alone, but attended by two of her handmaids, Aethrae, daughter of Pittheus, and Clymene. And straightway they were at the Scaean gates." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.146–160", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἀμφὶ Πρίαμον καὶ Πάνθοον ἠδὲ Θυμοίτην\nΛάμπόν τε Κλυτίον θʼ Ἱκετάονά τʼ ὄζον Ἄρηος\nΟὐκαλέγων τε καὶ Ἀντήνωρ πεπνυμένω ἄμφω\nἥατο δημογέροντες ἐπὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσι,\nγήραϊ δὴ πολέμοιο πεπαυμένοι, ἀλλʼ ἀγορηταὶ\nἐσθλοί, τεττίγεσσιν ἐοικότες οἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην\nδενδρέῳ ἐφεζόμενοι ὄπα λειριόεσσαν ἱεῖσι·\nτοῖοι ἄρα Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἧντʼ ἐπὶ πύργῳ.\nοἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν εἴδονθʼ Ἑλένην ἐπὶ πύργον ἰοῦσαν,\nἦκα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευον·\nοὐ νέμεσις Τρῶας καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιοὺς\nτοιῇδʼ ἀμφὶ γυναικὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἄλγεα πάσχειν·\nαἰνῶς ἀθανάτῃσι θεῇς εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν·\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς τοίη περ ἐοῦσʼ ἐν νηυσὶ νεέσθω,\nμηδʼ ἡμῖν τεκέεσσί τʼ ὀπίσσω πῆμα λίποιτο.", "en": "The two sages, Ucalegon and Antenor, elders of the people, were seated by the Scaean gates, with Priam, Panthous, Thymoetes, Lampus, Clytius, and Hiketaon of the race of Mars. These were too old to fight, but they were fluent orators, and sat on the tower like cicales that chirrup delicately from the boughs of some high tree in a wood. When they saw Helen coming towards the tower, they said softly to one another, “Small wonder that Trojans and Achaeans should endure so much and so long, for the sake of a woman so marvellously and divinely lovely. Still, fair though she be, let them take her and go, or she will breed sorrow for us and for our children after us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.161–180", "orig": "ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, Πρίαμος δʼ Ἑλένην ἐκαλέσσατο φωνῇ·\nδεῦρο πάροιθʼ ἐλθοῦσα φίλον τέκος ἵζευ ἐμεῖο,\nὄφρα ἴδῃ πρότερόν τε πόσιν πηούς τε φίλους τε·\nοὔ τί μοι αἰτίη ἐσσί, θεοί νύ μοι αἴτιοί εἰσιν\nοἵ μοι ἐφώρμησαν πόλεμον πολύδακρυν Ἀχαιῶν·\nὥς μοι καὶ τόνδʼ ἄνδρα πελώριον ἐξονομήνῃς\nὅς τις ὅδʼ ἐστὶν Ἀχαιὸς ἀνὴρ ἠΰς τε μέγας τε.\nἤτοι μὲν κεφαλῇ καὶ μείζονες ἄλλοι ἔασι,\nκαλὸν δʼ οὕτω ἐγὼν οὔ πω ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν,\nοὐδʼ οὕτω γεραρόν· βασιλῆϊ γὰρ ἀνδρὶ ἔοικε.\nτὸν δʼ Ἑλένη μύθοισιν ἀμείβετο δῖα γυναικῶν·\nαἰδοῖός τέ μοί ἐσσι φίλε ἑκυρὲ δεινός τε·\nὡς ὄφελεν θάνατός μοι ἁδεῖν κακὸς ὁππότε δεῦρο\nυἱέϊ σῷ ἑπόμην θάλαμον γνωτούς τε λιποῦσα\nπαῖδά τε τηλυγέτην καὶ ὁμηλικίην ἐρατεινήν.\nἀλλὰ τά γʼ οὐκ ἐγένοντο· τὸ καὶ κλαίουσα τέτηκα.\nτοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέω ὅ μʼ ἀνείρεαι ἠδὲ μεταλλᾷς·\nοὗτός γʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων,\nἀμφότερον βασιλεύς τʼ ἀγαθὸς κρατερός τʼ αἰχμητής·\nδαὴρ αὖτʼ ἐμὸς ἔσκε κυνώπιδος, εἴ ποτʼ ἔην γε.", "en": "But Priam bade her draw nigh. “My child,” said he, “take your seat in front of me that you may see your former husband, your kinsmen and your friends. I lay no blame upon you, it is the gods, not you who are to blame. It is they that have brought about this terrible war with the Achaeans. Tell me, then, who is yonder huge hero so great and goodly? I have seen men taller by a head, but none so comely and so royal. Surely he must be a king.”\n“Sir,” answered Helen, “father of my husband, dear and reverend in my eyes, would that I had chosen death rather than to have come here with your son, far from my bridal chamber, my friends, my darling daughter, and all the companions of my girlhood. But it was not to be, and my lot is one of tears and sorrow. As for your question, the hero of whom you ask is Agamemnon, son of Atreus, a good king and a brave soldier, brother-in-law as surely as that he lives, to my abhorred and miserable self.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.181–202", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ὁ γέρων ἠγάσσατο φώνησέν τε·\nὦ μάκαρ Ἀτρεΐδη μοιρηγενὲς ὀλβιόδαιμον,\nἦ ῥά νύ τοι πολλοὶ δεδμήατο κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν.\nἤδη καὶ Φρυγίην εἰσήλυθον ἀμπελόεσσαν,\nἔνθα ἴδον πλείστους Φρύγας ἀνέρας αἰολοπώλους\nλαοὺς Ὀτρῆος καὶ Μυγδόνος ἀντιθέοιο,\nοἵ ῥα τότʼ ἐστρατόωντο παρʼ ὄχθας Σαγγαρίοιο·\nκαὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπίκουρος ἐὼν μετὰ τοῖσιν ἐλέχθην\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε τʼ ἦλθον Ἀμαζόνες ἀντιάνειραι·\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ οἳ τόσοι ἦσαν ὅσοι ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοί.\nδεύτερον αὖτʼ Ὀδυσῆα ἰδὼν ἐρέεινʼ ὁ γεραιός·\nεἴπʼ ἄγε μοι καὶ τόνδε φίλον τέκος ὅς τις ὅδʼ ἐστί·\nμείων μὲν κεφαλῇ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο,\nεὐρύτερος δʼ ὤμοισιν ἰδὲ στέρνοισιν ἰδέσθαι.\nτεύχεα μέν οἱ κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ,\nαὐτὸς δὲ κτίλος ὣς ἐπιπωλεῖται στίχας ἀνδρῶν·\nἀρνειῷ μιν ἔγωγε ἐΐσκω πηγεσιμάλλῳ,\nὅς τʼ οἰῶν μέγα πῶϋ διέρχεται ἀργεννάων.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειθʼ Ἑλένη Διὸς ἐκγεγαυῖα·\nοὗτος δʼ αὖ Λαερτιάδης πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς,\nὃς τράφη ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης κραναῆς περ ἐούσης\nεἰδὼς παντοίους τε δόλους καὶ μήδεα πυκνά.", "en": "The old man marvelled at him and said, “Happy son of Atreus, child of good fortune. I see that the Achaeans are subject to you in great multitudes. When I was in Phrygia I saw much horsemen, the people of Otreus and of Mygdon, who were camping upon the banks of the river Sangarius; I was their ally, and with them when the Amazons, peers of men, came up against them, but even they were not so many as the Achaeans.”\nThe old man next looked upon Ulysses; “Tell me,” he said, “who is that other, shorter by a head than Agamemnon, but broader across the chest and shoulders? His armour is laid upon the ground, and he stalks in front of the ranks as it were some great woolly ram ordering his ewes.”\nAnd Helen answered, “He is Ulysses, a man of great craft, son of Laertes. He was born in rugged Ithaca, and excels in all manner of stratagems and subtle cunning.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.203–224", "orig": "τὴν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντήνωρ πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nὦ γύναι ἦ μάλα τοῦτο ἔπος νημερτὲς ἔειπες·\nἤδη γὰρ καὶ δεῦρό ποτʼ ἤλυθε δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nσεῦ ἕνεκʼ ἀγγελίης σὺν ἀρηϊφίλῳ Μενελάῳ·\nτοὺς δʼ ἐγὼ ἐξείνισσα καὶ ἐν μεγάροισι φίλησα,\nἀμφοτέρων δὲ φυὴν ἐδάην καὶ μήδεα πυκνά.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Τρώεσσιν ἐν ἀγρομένοισιν ἔμιχθεν\nστάντων μὲν Μενέλαος ὑπείρεχεν εὐρέας ὤμους,\nἄμφω δʼ ἑζομένω γεραρώτερος ἦεν Ὀδυσσεύς·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μύθους καὶ μήδεα πᾶσιν ὕφαινον\nἤτοι μὲν Μενέλαος ἐπιτροχάδην ἀγόρευε,\nπαῦρα μὲν ἀλλὰ μάλα λιγέως, ἐπεὶ οὐ πολύμυθος\nοὐδʼ ἀφαμαρτοεπής· ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πολύμητις ἀναΐξειεν Ὀδυσσεὺς\nστάσκεν, ὑπαὶ δὲ ἴδεσκε κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας,\nσκῆπτρον δʼ οὔτʼ ὀπίσω οὔτε προπρηνὲς ἐνώμα,\nἀλλʼ ἀστεμφὲς ἔχεσκεν ἀΐδρεϊ φωτὶ ἐοικώς·\nφαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τινʼ ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τʼ αὔτως.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ ὄπα τε μεγάλην ἐκ στήθεος εἵη\nκαὶ ἔπεα νιφάδεσσιν ἐοικότα χειμερίῃσιν,\nοὐκ ἂν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆΐ γʼ ἐρίσσειε βροτὸς ἄλλος·\nοὐ τότε γʼ ὧδʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἀγασσάμεθʼ εἶδος ἰδόντες.", "en": "On this Antenor said, “Madam, you have spoken truly. Ulysses once came here as envoy about yourself, and Menelaus with him. I received them in my own house, and therefore know both of them by sight and conversation. When they stood up in presence of the assembled Trojans, Menelaus was the broader shouldered, but when both were seated Ulysses had the more royal presence. After a time they delivered their message, and the speech of Menelaus ran trippingly on the tongue; he did not say much, for he was a man of few words, but he spoke very clearly and to the point, though he was the younger man of the two; Ulysses, on the other hand, when he rose to speak, was at first silent and kept his eyes fixed upon the ground. There was no play nor graceful movement of his sceptre; he kept it straight and stiff like a man unpractised in oratory, one might have taken him for a mere churl or simpleton; but when he raised his voice, and the words came driving from his deep chest like winter snow before the wind, then there was none to touch him, and no man thought further of what he looked like.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.225–242", "orig": "τὸ τρίτον αὖτʼ Αἴαντα ἰδὼν ἐρέεινʼ ὃ γεραιός·\nτίς τὰρ ὅδʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιὸς ἀνὴρ ἠΰς τε μέγας τε\nἔξοχος Ἀργείων κεφαλήν τε καὶ εὐρέας ὤμους;\nτὸν δʼ Ἑλένη τανύπεπλος ἀμείβετο δῖα γυναικῶν·\nοὗτος δʼ Αἴας ἐστὶ πελώριος ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν·\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐνὶ Κρήτεσσι θεὸς ὣς\nἕστηκʼ, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν Κρητῶν ἀγοὶ ἠγερέθονται.\nπολλάκι μιν ξείνισσεν ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος\nοἴκῳ ἐν ἡμετέρῳ ὁπότε Κρήτηθεν ἵκοιτο.\nνῦν δʼ ἄλλους μὲν πάντας ὁρῶ ἑλίκωπας Ἀχαιούς,\nοὕς κεν ἐῢ γνοίην καί τʼ οὔνομα μυθησαίμην·\nδοιὼ δʼ οὐ δύναμαι ἰδέειν κοσμήτορε λαῶν\nΚάστορά θʼ ἱππόδαμον καὶ πὺξ ἀγαθὸν Πολυδεύκεα\nαὐτοκασιγνήτω, τώ μοι μία γείνατο μήτηρ.\nἢ οὐχ ἑσπέσθην Λακεδαίμονος ἐξ ἐρατεινῆς,\nἢ δεύρω μὲν ἕποντο νέεσσʼ ἔνι ποντοπόροισι,\nνῦν αὖτʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσι μάχην καταδύμεναι ἀνδρῶν\nαἴσχεα δειδιότες καὶ ὀνείδεα πόλλʼ ἅ μοί ἐστιν.", "en": "Priam then caught sight of Ajax and asked, “Who is that great and goodly warrior whose head and broad shoulders tower above the rest of the Argives?”\n“That,” answered Helen, “is huge Ajax, bulwark of the Achaeans, and on the other side of him, among the Cretans, stands Idomeneus looking like a god, and with the captains of the Cretans round him. Often did Menelaus receive him as a guest in our house when he came visiting us from Crete. I see, moreover, many other Achaeans whose names I could tell you, but there are two whom I can nowhere find, Castor, breaker of horses, and Pollux the mighty boxer; they are children of my mother, and own brothers to myself. Either they have not left Lacedaemon, or else, though they have brought their ships, they will not show themselves in battle for the shame and disgrace that I have brought upon them.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.243–258", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τοὺς δʼ ἤδη κάτεχεν φυσίζοος αἶα\nἐν Λακεδαίμονι αὖθι φίλῃ ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ.\nκήρυκες δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ θεῶν φέρον ὅρκια πιστὰ\nἄρνε δύω καὶ οἶνον ἐΰφρονα καρπὸν ἀρούρης\nἀσκῷ ἐν αἰγείῳ· φέρε δὲ κρητῆρα φαεινὸν\nκῆρυξ Ἰδαῖος ἠδὲ χρύσεια κύπελλα·\nὄτρυνεν δὲ γέροντα παριστάμενος ἐπέεσσιν·\nὄρσεο Λαομεδοντιάδη, καλέουσιν ἄριστοι\nΤρώων θʼ ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nἐς πεδίον καταβῆναι ἵνʼ ὅρκια πιστὰ τάμητε·\nαὐτὰρ Ἀλέξανδρος καὶ ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος\nμακρῇς ἐγχείῃσι μαχήσοντʼ ἀμφὶ γυναικί·\nτῷ δέ κε νικήσαντι γυνὴ καὶ κτήμαθʼ ἕποιτο·\nοἳ δʼ ἄλλοι φιλότητα καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμόντες\nναίοιμεν Τροίην ἐριβώλακα, τοὶ δὲ νέονται\nἌργος ἐς ἱππόβοτον καὶ Ἀχαιΐδα καλλιγύναικα.", "en": "She knew not that both these heroes were already lying under the earth in their own land of Lacedaemon.\nMeanwhile the heralds were bringing the holy oath-offerings through the city, two lambs and a goatskin of wine, the gift of earth; and Idaeus brought the mixing-bowl and the cups of gold. He went up to Priam and said, “Son of Laomedon, the princes of the Trojans and Achaeans bid you come down on to the plain and swear to a solemn covenant. Alexandrus and Menelaus are to fight for Helen in single combat, that she and all her wealth may go with him who is the victor. We are to swear to a solemn covenant of peace whereby we others shall dwell here in Troy, while the Achaeans return to Argos and the land of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.259–274", "orig": "ὣς φάτο ῥίγησεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, ἐκέλευσε δʼ ἑταίρους\nἵππους ζευγνύμεναι· τοὶ δʼ ὀτραλέως ἐπίθοντο.\nἂν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔβη Πρίαμος, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία τεῖνεν ὀπίσσω·\nπὰρ δέ οἱ Ἀντήνωρ περικαλλέα βήσετο δίφρον·\nτὼ δὲ διὰ Σκαιῶν πεδίον δʼ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκοντο μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς,\nἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα πουλυβότειραν\nἐς μέσσον Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἐστιχόωντο.\nὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,\nἂν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς πολύμητις· ἀτὰρ κήρυκες ἀγαυοὶ\nὅρκια πιστὰ θεῶν σύναγον, κρητῆρι δὲ οἶνον\nμίσγον, ἀτὰρ βασιλεῦσιν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν.\nἈτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος χείρεσσι μάχαιραν,\nἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεόν αἰὲν ἄωρτο,\nἀρνῶν ἐκ κεφαλέων τάμνε τρίχας· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nκήρυκες Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν νεῖμαν ἀρίστοις.", "en": "The old man trembled as he heard, but bade his followers yoke the horses, and they made all haste to do so. He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain. When they reached the ranks of the Trojans and Achaeans they left the chariot, and with measured pace advanced into the space between the hosts.\nAgamemnon and Ulysses both rose to meet them. The attendants brought on the oath-offerings and mixed the wine in the mixing-bowls; they poured water over the hands of the chieftains, and the son of Atreus drew the dagger that hung by his sword, and cut wool from the lambs’ heads; this the men-servants gave about among the Trojan and Achaean princes, and the son of Atreus lifted up his hands in prayer." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.275–291", "orig": "τοῖσιν δʼ Ἀτρεΐδης μεγάλʼ εὔχετο χεῖρας ἀνασχών·\nΖεῦ πάτερ Ἴδηθεν μεδέων κύδιστε μέγιστε,\nἨέλιός θʼ, ὃς πάντʼ ἐφορᾷς καὶ πάντʼ ἐπακούεις,\nκαὶ ποταμοὶ καὶ γαῖα, καὶ οἳ ὑπένερθε καμόντας\nἀνθρώπους τίνυσθον ὅτις κʼ ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ,\nὑμεῖς μάρτυροι ἔστε, φυλάσσετε δʼ ὅρκια πιστά·\nεἰ μέν κεν Μενέλαον Ἀλέξανδρος καταπέφνῃ\nαὐτὸς ἔπειθʼ Ἑλένην ἐχέτω καὶ κτήματα πάντα,\nἡμεῖς δʼ ἐν νήεσσι νεώμεθα ποντοπόροισιν·\nεἰ δέ κʼ Ἀλέξανδρον κτείνῃ ξανθὸς Μενέλαος,\nΤρῶας ἔπειθʼ Ἑλένην καὶ κτήματα πάντʼ ἀποδοῦναι,\nτιμὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ἀποτινέμεν ἥν τινʼ ἔοικεν,\nἥ τε καὶ ἐσσομένοισι μετʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέληται.\nεἰ δʼ ἂν ἐμοὶ τιμὴν Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες\nτίνειν οὐκ ἐθέλωσιν Ἀλεξάνδροιο πεσόντος,\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειτα μαχήσομαι εἵνεκα ποινῆς\nαὖθι μένων, ἧός κε τέλος πολέμοιο κιχείω.", "en": "“Father Jove,” he cried, “that rulest in Ida, most glorious in power, and thou oh Sun, that seest and givest ear to all things, Earth and Rivers, and ye who in the realms below chastise the soul of him that has broken his oath, witness these rites and guard them, that they be not vain. If Alexandrus kills Menelaus, let him keep Helen and all her wealth, while we sail home with our ships; but if Menelaus kills Alexandrus, let the Trojans give back Helen and all that she has; let them moreover pay such fine to the Achaeans as shall be agreed upon, in testimony among those that shall be born hereafter. And if Priam and his sons refuse such fine when Alexandrus has fallen, then will I stay here and fight on till I have got satisfaction.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.292–309", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ ἀπὸ στομάχους ἀρνῶν τάμε νηλέϊ χαλκῷ·\nκαὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὸς ἀσπαίροντας\nθυμοῦ δευομένους· ἀπὸ γὰρ μένος εἵλετο χαλκός.\nοἶνον δʼ ἐκ κρητῆρος ἀφυσσόμενοι δεπάεσσιν\nἔκχεον, ἠδʼ εὔχοντο θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃσιν.\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε·\nΖεῦ κύδιστε μέγιστε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι\nὁππότεροι πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια πημήνειαν\nὧδέ σφʼ ἐγκέφαλος χαμάδις ῥέοι ὡς ὅδε οἶνος\nαὐτῶν καὶ τεκέων, ἄλοχοι δʼ ἄλλοισι δαμεῖεν.\nὣς ἔφαν, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ σφιν ἐπεκραίαινε Κρονίων.\nτοῖσι δὲ Δαρδανίδης Πρίαμος μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπε·\nκέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί·\nἤτοι ἐγὼν εἶμι προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν\nἄψ, ἐπεὶ οὔ πω τλήσομʼ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶσθαι\nμαρνάμενον φίλον υἱὸν ἀρηϊφίλῳ Μενελάῳ·\nΖεὺς μέν που τό γε οἶδε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι\nὁπποτέρῳ θανάτοιο τέλος πεπρωμένον ἐστίν.", "en": "As he spoke he drew his knife across the throats of the victims, and laid them down gasping and dying upon the ground, for the knife had reft them of their strength. Then they poured wine from the mixing-bowl into the cups, and prayed to the everlasting gods, saying, Trojans and Achaeans among one another, “Jove, most great and glorious, and ye other everlasting gods, grant that the brains of them who shall first sin against their oaths, of them and their children, may be shed upon the ground even as this wine, and let their wives become the slaves of strangers.”\nThus they prayed, but not as yet would Jove grant them their prayer. Then Priam, descendant of Dardanus, spoke, saying, “Hear me, Trojans and Achaeans, I will now go back to the wind-beaten city of Ilius: I dare not with my own eyes witness this fight between my son and Menelaus, for Jove and the other immortals alone know which shall fall.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.310–323", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἐς δίφρον ἄρνας θέτο ἰσόθεος φώς,\nἂν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔβαινʼ αὐτός, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία τεῖνεν ὀπίσσω·\nπὰρ δέ οἱ Ἀντήνωρ περικαλλέα βήσετο δίφρον.\nτὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄψορροι προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονέοντο·\nἝκτωρ δὲ Πριάμοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nχῶρον μὲν πρῶτον διεμέτρεον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nκλήρους ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλον ἑλόντες,\nὁππότερος δὴ πρόσθεν ἀφείη χάλκεον ἔγχος.\nλαοὶ δʼ ἠρήσαντο, θεοῖσι δὲ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον,\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε·\nΖεῦ πάτερ Ἴδηθεν μεδέων κύδιστε μέγιστε\nὁππότερος τάδε ἔργα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔθηκε,\nτὸν δὸς ἀποφθίμενον δῦναι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω,\nἡμῖν δʼ αὖ φιλότητα καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ γενέσθαι.", "en": "On this he laid the two lambs on his chariot and took his seat. He gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor sat beside him; the two then went back to Ilius. Hector and Ulysses measured the ground, and cast lots from a helmet of bronze to see which should take aim first. Meanwhile the two hosts lifted up their hands and prayed saying, “Father Jove, that rulest from Ida, most glorious in power, grant that he who first brought about this war between us may die, and enter the house of Hades, while we others remain at peace and abide by our oaths.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.324–339", "orig": "ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, πάλλεν δὲ μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nἂψ ὁρόων· Πάριος δὲ θοῶς ἐκ κλῆρος ὄρουσεν.\nοἳ μὲν ἔπειθʼ ἵζοντο κατὰ στίχας, ἧχι ἑκάστῳ\nἵπποι ἀερσίποδες καὶ ποικίλα τεύχεʼ ἔκειτο·\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἐδύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ\nδῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο.\nκνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε\nκαλάς, ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας·\nδεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνεν\nοἷο κασιγνήτοιο Λυκάονος· ἥρμοσε δʼ αὐτῷ.\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον\nχάλκεον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε·\nκρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν\nἵππουριν· δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν·\nεἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος, ὅ οἱ παλάμηφιν ἀρήρει.\nὣς δʼ αὔτως Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος ἔντεʼ ἔδυνεν.", "en": "Great Hector now turned his head aside while he shook the helmet, and the lot of Paris flew out first. The others took their several stations, each by his horses and the place where his arms were lying, while Alexandrus, husband of lovely Helen, put on his goodly armour. First he greaved his legs with greaves of good make and fitted with ancle-clasps of silver; after this he donned the cuirass of his brother Lycaon, and fitted it to his own body; he hung his silver-studded sword of bronze about his shoulders, and then his mighty shield. On his comely head he set his helmet, well wrought, with a crest of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it, and he grasped a redoubtable spear that suited his hands. In like fashion Menelaus also put on his armour." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.340–354", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἑκάτερθεν ὁμίλου θωρήχθησαν,\nἐς μέσσον Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἐστιχόωντο\nδεινὸν δερκόμενοι· θάμβος δʼ ἔχεν εἰσορόωντας\nΤρῶάς θʼ ἱπποδάμους καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.\nκαί ῥʼ ἐγγὺς στήτην διαμετρητῷ ἐνὶ χώρῳ\nσείοντʼ ἐγχείας ἀλλήλοισιν κοτέοντε.\nπρόσθε δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ βάλεν Ἀτρεΐδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσε ἴσην,\nοὐδʼ ἔρρηξεν χαλκός, ἀνεγνάμφθη δέ οἱ αἰχμὴ\nἀσπίδʼ ἐνὶ κρατερῇ· ὃ δὲ δεύτερον ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ\nἈτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἐπευξάμενος Διὶ πατρί·\nΖεῦ ἄνα δὸς τίσασθαι ὅ με πρότερος κάκʼ ἔοργε\nδῖον Ἀλέξανδρον, καὶ ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δάμασσον,\nὄφρα τις ἐρρίγῃσι καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἀνθρώπων\nξεινοδόκον κακὰ ῥέξαι, ὅ κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ.", "en": "When they had thus armed, each amid his own people, they strode fierce of aspect into the open space, and both Trojans and Achaeans were struck with awe as they beheld them. They stood near one another on the measured ground, brandishing their spears, and each furious against the other. Alexandrus aimed first, and struck the round shield of the son of Atreus, but the spear did not pierce it, for the shield turned its point. Menelaus next took aim, praying to Father Jove as he did so. “King Jove,” he said, “grant me revenge on Alexandrus who has wronged me; subdue him under my hand that in ages yet to come a man may shrink from doing ill deeds in the house of his host.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.355–368", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ βάλε Πριαμίδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσε ἴσην·\nδιὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε φαεινῆς ὄβριμον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ διὰ θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου ἠρήρειστο·\nἀντικρὺ δὲ παραὶ λαπάρην διάμησε χιτῶνα\nἔγχος· ὃ δʼ ἐκλίνθη καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν.\nἈτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον\nπλῆξεν ἀνασχόμενος κόρυθος φάλον· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ\nτριχθά τε καὶ τετραχθὰ διατρυφὲν ἔκπεσε χειρός.\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ᾤμωξεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·\nΖεῦ πάτερ οὔ τις σεῖο θεῶν ὀλοώτερος ἄλλος·\nἦ τʼ ἐφάμην τίσασθαι Ἀλέξανδρον κακότητος·\nνῦν δέ μοι ἐν χείρεσσιν ἄγη ξίφος, ἐκ δέ μοι ἔγχος\nἠΐχθη παλάμηφιν ἐτώσιον, οὐδʼ ἔβαλόν μιν.", "en": "He poised his spear as he spoke, and hurled it at the shield of Alexandrus. Through shield and cuirass it went, and tore the shirt by his flank, but Alexandrus swerved aside, and thus saved his life. Then the son of Atreus drew his sword, and drove at the projecting part of his helmet, but the sword fell shivered in three or four pieces from his hand, and he cried, looking towards Heaven, “Father Jove, of all gods thou art the most despiteful; I made sure of my revenge, but the sword has broken in my hand, my spear has been hurled in vain, and I have not killed him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.369–382", "orig": "ἦ καὶ ἐπαΐξας κόρυθος λάβεν ἱπποδασείης,\nἕλκε δʼ ἐπιστρέψας μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς·\nἄγχε δέ μιν πολύκεστος ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑπὸ δειρήν,\nὅς οἱ ὑπʼ ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο τρυφαλείης.\nκαί νύ κεν εἴρυσσέν τε καὶ ἄσπετον ἤρατο κῦδος,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη,\nἥ οἱ ῥῆξεν ἱμάντα βοὸς ἶφι κταμένοιο·\nκεινὴ δὲ τρυφάλεια ἅμʼ ἕσπετο χειρὶ παχείῃ.\nτὴν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ἥρως μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιοὺς\nῥῖψʼ ἐπιδινήσας, κόμισαν δʼ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ ἂψ ἐπόρουσε κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων\nἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ· τὸν δʼ ἐξήρπαξʼ Ἀφροδίτη\nῥεῖα μάλʼ ὥς τε θεός, ἐκάλυψε δʼ ἄρʼ ἠέρι πολλῇ,\nκὰδ δʼ εἷσʼ ἐν θαλάμῳ εὐώδεϊ κηώεντι.", "en": "With this he flew at Alexandrus, caught him by the horse-hair plume of his helmet, and began dragging him towards the Achaeans. The strap of the helmet that went under his chin was choking him, and Menelaus would have dragged him off to his own great glory had not Jove’s daughter Venus been quick to mark and to break the strap of ox-hide, so that the empty helmet came away in his hand. This he flung to his comrades among the Achaeans, and was again springing upon Alexandrus to run him through with a spear, but Venus snatched him up in a moment (as a god can do), hid him under a cloud of darkness, and conveyed him to his own bedchamber." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.383–394", "orig": "αὐτὴ δʼ αὖ Ἑλένην καλέουσʼ ἴε· τὴν δὲ κίχανε\nπύργῳ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῷ, περὶ δὲ Τρῳαὶ ἅλις ἦσαν·\nχειρὶ δὲ νεκταρέου ἑανοῦ ἐτίναξε λαβοῦσα,\nγρηῒ δέ μιν ἐϊκυῖα παλαιγενέϊ προσέειπεν\nεἰροκόμῳ, ἥ οἱ Λακεδαίμονι ναιετοώσῃ\nἤσκειν εἴρια καλά, μάλιστα δέ μιν φιλέεσκε·\nτῇ μιν ἐεισαμένη προσεφώνεε δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη·\nδεῦρʼ ἴθʼ· Ἀλέξανδρός σε καλεῖ οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι.\nκεῖνος ὅ γʼ ἐν θαλάμῳ καὶ δινωτοῖσι λέχεσσι\nκάλλεΐ τε στίλβων καὶ εἵμασιν· οὐδέ κε φαίης\nἀνδρὶ μαχεσσάμενον τόν γʼ ἐλθεῖν, ἀλλὰ χορὸν δὲ\nἔρχεσθʼ, ἠὲ χοροῖο νέον λήγοντα καθίζειν.", "en": "Then she went to call Helen, and found her on a high tower with the Trojan women crowding round her. She took the form of an old woman who used to dress wool for her when she was still in Lacedaemon, and of whom she was very fond. Thus disguised she plucked her by perfumed robe and said, “Come hither; Alexandrus says you are to go to the house; he is on his bed in his own room, radiant with beauty and dressed in gorgeous apparel. No one would think he had just come from fighting, but rather that he was going to a dance, or had done dancing and was sitting down.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.395–413", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῇ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε·\nκαί ῥʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεᾶς περικαλλέα δειρὴν\nστήθεά θʼ ἱμερόεντα καὶ ὄμματα μαρμαίροντα,\nθάμβησέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nδαιμονίη, τί με ταῦτα λιλαίεαι ἠπεροπεύειν;\nἦ πῄ με προτέρω πολίων εὖ ναιομενάων\nἄξεις, ἢ Φρυγίης ἢ Μῃονίης ἐρατεινῆς,\nεἴ τίς τοι καὶ κεῖθι φίλος μερόπων ἀνθρώπων·\nοὕνεκα δὴ νῦν δῖον Ἀλέξανδρον Μενέλαος\nνικήσας ἐθέλει στυγερὴν ἐμὲ οἴκαδʼ ἄγεσθαι,\nτοὔνεκα δὴ νῦν δεῦρο δολοφρονέουσα παρέστης;\nἧσο παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα, θεῶν δʼ ἀπόεικε κελεύθου,\nμηδʼ ἔτι σοῖσι πόδεσσιν ὑποστρέψειας Ὄλυμπον,\nἀλλʼ αἰεὶ περὶ κεῖνον ὀΐζυε καί ἑ φύλασσε,\nεἰς ὅ κέ σʼ ἢ ἄλοχον ποιήσεται ἢ ὅ γε δούλην.\nκεῖσε δʼ ἐγὼν οὐκ εἶμι· νεμεσσητὸν δέ κεν εἴη·\nκείνου πορσανέουσα λέχος· Τρῳαὶ δέ μʼ ὀπίσσω\nπᾶσαι μωμήσονται· ἔχω δʼ ἄχεʼ ἄκριτα θυμῷ.\nτὴν δὲ χολωσαμένη προσεφώνεε δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη·", "en": "With these words she moved the heart of Helen to anger. When she marked the beautiful neck of the goddess, her lovely bosom, and sparkling eyes, she marvelled at her and said, “Goddess, why do you thus beguile me? Are you going to send me afield still further to some man whom you have taken up in Phrygia or fair Meonia? Menelaus has just vanquished Alexandrus, and is to take my hateful self back with him. You are come here to betray me. Go sit with Alexandrus yourself; henceforth be goddess no longer; never let your feet carry you back to Olympus; worry about him and look after him till he make you his wife, or, for the matter of that, his slave, but me? I shall not go; I can garnish his bed no longer; I should be a by-word among all the women of Troy. Besides, I have trouble on my mind.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.414–427", "orig": "μή μʼ ἔρεθε σχετλίη, μὴ χωσαμένη σε μεθείω,\nτὼς δέ σʼ ἀπεχθήρω ὡς νῦν ἔκπαγλʼ ἐφίλησα,\nμέσσῳ δʼ ἀμφοτέρων μητίσομαι ἔχθεα λυγρὰ\nΤρώων καὶ Δαναῶν, σὺ δέ κεν κακὸν οἶτον ὄληαι.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ Ἑλένη Διὸς ἐκγεγαυῖα,\nβῆ δὲ κατασχομένη ἑανῷ ἀργῆτι φαεινῷ\nσιγῇ, πάσας δὲ Τρῳὰς λάθεν· ἦρχε δὲ δαίμων.\nαἳ δʼ ὅτʼ Ἀλεξάνδροιο δόμον περικαλλέʼ ἵκοντο,\nἀμφίπολοι μὲν ἔπειτα θοῶς ἐπὶ ἔργα τράποντο,\nἣ δʼ εἰς ὑψόροφον θάλαμον κίε δῖα γυναικῶν.\nτῇ δʼ ἄρα δίφρον ἑλοῦσα φιλομειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη\nἀντίʼ Ἀλεξάνδροιο θεὰ κατέθηκε φέρουσα·\nἔνθα κάθιζʼ Ἑλένη κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο\nὄσσε πάλιν κλίνασα, πόσιν δʼ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·", "en": "Venus was very angry, and said, “Bold hussy, do not provoke me; if you do, I shall leave you to your fate and hate you as much as I have loved you. I will stir up fierce hatred between Trojans and Achaeans, and you shall come to a bad end.”\nAt this Helen was frightened. She wrapped her mantle about her and went in silence, following the goddess and unnoticed by the Trojan women.\nWhen they came to the house of Alexandrus the maid-servants set about their work, but Helen went into her own room, and the laughter-loving goddess took a seat and set it for her facing Alexandrus. On this Helen, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, sat down, and with eyes askance began to upbraid her husband." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.428–446", "orig": "ἤλυθες ἐκ πολέμου· ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθʼ ὀλέσθαι\nἀνδρὶ δαμεὶς κρατερῷ, ὃς ἐμὸς πρότερος πόσις ἦεν.\nἦ μὲν δὴ πρίν γʼ εὔχεʼ ἀρηϊφίλου Μενελάου\nσῇ τε βίῃ καὶ χερσὶ καὶ ἔγχεϊ φέρτερος εἶναι·\nἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν προκάλεσσαι ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον\nἐξαῦτις μαχέσασθαι ἐναντίον· ἀλλά σʼ ἔγωγε\nπαύεσθαι κέλομαι, μηδὲ ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ\nἀντίβιον πόλεμον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι\nἀφραδέως, μή πως τάχʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς.\nτὴν δὲ Πάρις μύθοισιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε·\nμή με γύναι χαλεποῖσιν ὀνείδεσι θυμὸν ἔνιπτε·\nνῦν μὲν γὰρ Μενέλαος ἐνίκησεν σὺν Ἀθήνῃ,\nκεῖνον δʼ αὖτις ἐγώ· πάρα γὰρ θεοί εἰσι καὶ ἡμῖν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ φιλότητι τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντε·\nοὐ γάρ πώ ποτέ μʼ ὧδέ γʼ ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν,\nοὐδʼ ὅτε σε πρῶτον Λακεδαίμονος ἐξ ἐρατεινῆς\nἔπλεον ἁρπάξας ἐν ποντοπόροισι νέεσσι,\nνήσῳ δʼ ἐν Κραναῇ ἐμίγην φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ,\nὥς σεο νῦν ἔραμαι καί με γλυκὺς ἵμερος αἱρεῖ.", "en": "“So you are come from the fight,” said she; “would that you had fallen rather by the hand of that brave man who was my husband. You used to brag that you were a better man with hands and spear than Menelaus. Go, then, and challenge him again, but I should advise you not to do so, for if you are foolish enough to meet him in single combat, you will soon fall by his spear.”\nAnd Paris answered, “Wife, do not vex me with your reproaches. This time, with the help of Minerva, Menelaus has vanquished me; another time I may myself be victor, for I too have gods that will stand by me. Come, let us lie down together and make friends. Never yet was I so passionately enamoured of you as at this moment, not even when I first carried you off from Lacedaemon and sailed away with you, not even when I had converse with you upon the couch of love in the island of Cranae was I so enthralled by desire of you as now.” On this he led her towards the bed, and his wife went with him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 3.447–461", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἄρχε λέχος δὲ κιών· ἅμα δʼ εἵπετʼ ἄκοιτις.\nτὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐν τρητοῖσι κατεύνασθεν λεχέεσσιν,\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἐφοίτα θηρὶ ἐοικὼς\nεἴ που ἐσαθρήσειεν Ἀλέξανδρον θεοειδέα.\nἀλλʼ οὔ τις δύνατο Τρώων κλειτῶν τʼ ἐπικούρων\nδεῖξαι Ἀλέξανδρον τότʼ ἀρηϊφίλῳ Μενελάῳ·\nοὐ μὲν γὰρ φιλότητί γʼ ἐκεύθανον εἴ τις ἴδοιτο·\nἶσον γάρ σφιν πᾶσιν ἀπήχθετο κηρὶ μελαίνῃ.\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nκέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι·\nνίκη μὲν δὴ φαίνετʼ ἀρηϊφίλου Μενελάου,\nὑμεῖς δʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην καὶ κτήμαθʼ ἅμʼ αὐτῇ\nἔκδοτε, καὶ τιμὴν ἀποτινέμεν ἥν τινʼ ἔοικεν,\nἥ τε καὶ ἐσσομένοισι μετʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέληται.\nὣς ἔφατʼ Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπὶ δʼ ᾔνεον ἄλλοι Ἀχαιοί.", "en": "Thus they laid themselves on the bed together; but the son of Atreus strode among the throng, looking everywhere for Alexandrus, and no man, neither of the Trojans nor of the allies, could find him. If they had seen him they were in no mind to hide him, for they all of them hated him as they did death itself. Then Agamemnon, king of men, spoke, saying, “Hear me, Trojans, Dardanians, and allies. The victory has been with Menelaus; therefore give back Helen with all her wealth, and pay such fine as shall be agreed upon, in testimony among them that shall be born hereafter.”\nThus spoke the son of Atreus, and the Achaeans shouted in applause." } ], "4": [ { "ref": "Iliad 4.1–19", "orig": "οἳ δὲ θεοὶ πὰρ Ζηνὶ καθήμενοι ἠγορόωντο\nχρυσέῳ ἐν δαπέδῳ, μετὰ δέ σφισι πότνια Ἥβη\nνέκταρ ἐοινοχόει· τοὶ δὲ χρυσέοις δεπάεσσι\nδειδέχατʼ ἀλλήλους, Τρώων πόλιν εἰσορόωντες·\nαὐτίκʼ ἐπειρᾶτο Κρονίδης ἐρεθιζέμεν Ἥρην\nκερτομίοις ἐπέεσσι παραβλήδην ἀγορεύων·\nδοιαὶ μὲν Μενελάῳ ἀρηγόνες εἰσὶ θεάων\nἭρη τʼ Ἀργείη καὶ Ἀλαλκομενηῒς Ἀθήνη.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι ταὶ νόσφι καθήμεναι εἰσορόωσαι\nτέρπεσθον· τῷ δʼ αὖτε φιλομειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη\nαἰεὶ παρμέμβλωκε καὶ αὐτοῦ κῆρας ἀμύνει·\nκαὶ νῦν ἐξεσάωσεν ὀϊόμενον θανέεσθαι.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι νίκη μὲν ἀρηϊφίλου Μενελάου·\nἡμεῖς δὲ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα,\nἤ ῥʼ αὖτις πόλεμόν τε κακὸν καὶ φύλοπιν αἰνὴν\nὄρσομεν, ἦ φιλότητα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισι βάλωμεν.\nεἰ δʼ αὖ πως τόδε πᾶσι φίλον καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο,\nἤτοι μὲν οἰκέοιτο πόλις Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος,\nαὖτις δʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην Μενέλαος ἄγοιτο.", "en": "Now the gods were sitting with Jove in council upon the golden floor while Hebe went round pouring out nectar for them to drink, and as they pledged one another in their cups of gold they looked down upon the town of Troy. The son of Saturn then began to tease Juno, talking at her so as to provoke her. “Menelaus,” said he, “has two good friends among the goddesses, Juno of Argos, and Minerva of Alalcomene, but they only sit still and look on, while Venus keeps ever by Alexandrus’ side to defend him in any danger; indeed she has just rescued him when he made sure that it was all over with him, for the victory really did lie with Menelaus. We must consider what we shall do about all this; shall we set them fighting anew or make peace between them? If you will agree to this last Menelaus can take back Helen and the city of Priam may remain still inhabited.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.20–33", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ἐπέμυξαν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη·\nπλησίαι αἵ γʼ ἥσθην, κακὰ δὲ Τρώεσσι μεδέσθην.\nἤτοι Ἀθηναίη ἀκέων ἦν οὐδέ τι εἶπε\nσκυζομένη Διὶ πατρί, χόλος δέ μιν ἄγριος ᾕρει·\nἭρῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔχαδε στῆθος χόλον, ἀλλὰ προσηύδα·\nαἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες·\nπῶς ἐθέλεις ἅλιον θεῖναι πόνον ἠδʼ ἀτέλεστον,\nἱδρῶ θʼ ὃν ἵδρωσα μόγῳ, καμέτην δέ μοι ἵπποι\nλαὸν ἀγειρούσῃ, Πριάμῳ κακὰ τοῖό τε παισίν.\nἕρδʼ· ἀτὰρ οὔ τοι πάντες ἐπαινέομεν θεοὶ ἄλλοι.\nτὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nδαιμονίη τί νύ σε Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες\nτόσσα κακὰ ῥέζουσιν, ὅ τʼ ἀσπερχὲς μενεαίνεις\nἸλίου ἐξαλαπάξαι ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον;", "en": "Minerva and Juno muttered their discontent as they sat side by side hatching mischief for the Trojans. Minerva scowled at her father, for she was in a furious passion with him, and said nothing, but Juno could not contain herself. “Dread son of Saturn,” said she, “what, pray, is the meaning of all this? Is my trouble, then, to go for nothing, and the sweat that I have sweated, to say nothing of my horses, while getting the people together against Priam and his children? Do as you will, but we other gods shall not all of us approve your counsel.”\nJove was angry and answered, “My dear, what harm have Priam and his sons done you that you are so hotly bent on sacking the city of Ilius?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.34–50", "orig": "εἰ δὲ σύ γʼ εἰσελθοῦσα πύλας καὶ τείχεα μακρὰ\nὠμὸν βεβρώθοις Πρίαμον Πριάμοιό τε παῖδας\nἄλλους τε Τρῶας, τότε κεν χόλον ἐξακέσαιο.\nἕρξον ὅπως ἐθέλεις· μὴ τοῦτό γε νεῖκος ὀπίσσω\nσοὶ καὶ ἐμοὶ μέγʼ ἔρισμα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισι γένηται.\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·\nὁππότε κεν καὶ ἐγὼ μεμαὼς πόλιν ἐξαλαπάξαι\nτὴν ἐθέλω ὅθι τοι φίλοι ἀνέρες ἐγγεγάασι,\nμή τι διατρίβειν τὸν ἐμὸν χόλον, ἀλλά μʼ ἐᾶσαι·\nκαὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ σοὶ δῶκα ἑκὼν ἀέκοντί γε θυμῷ·\nαἳ γὰρ ὑπʼ ἠελίῳ τε καὶ οὐρανῷ ἀστερόεντι\nναιετάουσι πόληες ἐπιχθονίων ἀνθρώπων,\nτάων μοι περὶ κῆρι τιέσκετο Ἴλιος ἱρὴ\nκαὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο.\nοὐ γάρ μοί ποτε βωμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης\nλοιβῆς τε κνίσης τε· τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·", "en": "Will nothing do for you but you must go within their walls and eat Priam raw, with his sons and all the other Trojans to boot? Have it your own way then; for I would not have this matter become a bone of contention between us. I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, if ever I want to sack a city belonging to friends of yours, you must not try to stop me; you will have to let me do it, for I am giving in to you sorely against my will. Of all inhabited cities under the sun and stars of heaven, there was none that I so much respected as Ilius with Priam and his whole people. Equitable feasts were never wanting about my altar, nor the savour of burning fat, which is honour due to ourselves.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.51–67", "orig": "ἤτοι ἐμοὶ τρεῖς μὲν πολὺ φίλταταί εἰσι πόληες\nἌργός τε Σπάρτη τε καὶ εὐρυάγυια Μυκήνη·\nτὰς διαπέρσαι ὅτʼ ἄν τοι ἀπέχθωνται περὶ κῆρι·\nτάων οὔ τοι ἐγὼ πρόσθʼ ἵσταμαι οὐδὲ μεγαίρω.\nεἴ περ γὰρ φθονέω τε καὶ οὐκ εἰῶ διαπέρσαι,\nοὐκ ἀνύω φθονέουσʼ ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐσσι.\nἀλλὰ χρὴ καὶ ἐμὸν θέμεναι πόνον οὐκ ἀτέλεστον·\nκαὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι, γένος δέ μοι ἔνθεν ὅθεν σοί,\nκαί με πρεσβυτάτην τέκετο Κρόνος ἀγκυλομήτης,\nἀμφότερον γενεῇ τε καὶ οὕνεκα σὴ παράκοιτις\nκέκλημαι, σὺ δὲ πᾶσι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσεις.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦθʼ ὑποείξομεν ἀλλήλοισι,\nσοὶ μὲν ἐγώ, σὺ δʼ ἐμοί· ἐπὶ δʼ ἕψονται θεοὶ ἄλλοι\nἀθάνατοι· σὺ δὲ θᾶσσον Ἀθηναίῃ ἐπιτεῖλαι\nἐλθεῖν ἐς Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπιν αἰνήν,\nπειρᾶν δʼ ὥς κε Τρῶες ὑπερκύδαντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nἄρξωσι πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσασθαι.", "en": "“My own three favourite cities,” answered Juno, “are Argos, Sparta, and Mycenae. Sack them whenever you may be displeased with them. I shall not defend them and I shall not care. Even if I did, and tried to stay you, I should take nothing by it, for you are much stronger than I am, but I will not have my own work wasted. I too am a god and of the same race with yourself. I am Saturn’s eldest daughter, and am honourable not on this ground only, but also because I am your wife, and you are king over the gods. Let it be a case, then, of give-and-take between us, and the rest of the gods will follow our lead. Tell Minerva to go and take part in the fight at once, and let her contrive that the Trojans shall be the first to break their oaths and set upon the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.68–84", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·\nαὐτίκʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nαἶψα μάλʼ ἐς στρατὸν ἐλθὲ μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς,\nπειρᾶν δʼ ὥς κε Τρῶες ὑπερκύδαντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nἄρξωσι πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσασθαι.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε πάρος μεμαυῖαν Ἀθήνην,\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα.\nοἷον δʼ ἀστέρα ἧκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω\nἢ ναύτῃσι τέρας ἠὲ στρατῷ εὐρέϊ λαῶν\nλαμπρόν· τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἀπὸ σπινθῆρες ἵενται·\nτῷ ἐϊκυῖʼ ἤϊξεν ἐπὶ χθόνα Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,\nκὰδ δʼ ἔθορʼ ἐς μέσσον· θάμβος δʼ ἔχεν εἰσορόωντας\nΤρῶάς θʼ ἱπποδάμους καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς·\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·\nἦ ῥʼ αὖτις πόλεμός τε κακὸς καὶ φύλοπις αἰνὴ\nἔσσεται, ἢ φιλότητα μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισι τίθησι\nΖεύς, ὅς τʼ ἀνθρώπων ταμίης πολέμοιο τέτυκται.", "en": "The sire of gods and men heeded her words, and said to Minerva, “Go at once into the Trojan and Achaean hosts, and contrive that the Trojans shall be the first to break their oaths and set upon the Achaeans.”\nThis was what Minerva was already eager to do, so down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus. She shot through the sky as some brilliant meteor which the son of scheming Saturn has sent as a sign to mariners or to some great army, and a fiery train of light follows in its wake. The Trojans and Achaeans were struck with awe as they beheld, and one would turn to his neighbour, saying, “Either we shall again have war and din of combat, or Jove the lord of battle will now make peace between us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.85–103", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκεν Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε.\nἣ δʼ ἀνδρὶ ἰκέλη Τρώων κατεδύσεθʼ ὅμιλον\nΛαοδόκῳ Ἀντηνορίδῃ κρατερῷ αἰχμητῇ,\nΠάνδαρον ἀντίθεον διζημένη εἴ που ἐφεύροι.\nεὗρε Λυκάονος υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε\nἑσταότʼ· ἀμφὶ δέ μιν κρατεραὶ στίχες ἀσπιστάων\nλαῶν, οἵ οἱ ἕποντο ἀπʼ Αἰσήποιο ῥοάων·\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο Λυκάονος υἱὲ δαΐφρον.\nτλαίης κεν Μενελάῳ ἐπιπροέμεν ταχὺν ἰόν,\nπᾶσι δέ κε Τρώεσσι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο,\nἐκ πάντων δὲ μάλιστα Ἀλεξάνδρῳ βασιλῆϊ.\nτοῦ κεν δὴ πάμπρωτα παρʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα φέροιο,\nαἴ κεν ἴδῃ Μενέλαον ἀρήϊον Ἀτρέος υἱὸν\nσῷ βέλεϊ δμηθέντα πυρῆς ἐπιβάντʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.\nἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ὀΐστευσον Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο,\nεὔχεο δʼ Ἀπόλλωνι Λυκηγενέϊ κλυτοτόξῳ\nἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην\nοἴκαδε νοστήσας ἱερῆς εἰς ἄστυ Ζελείης.", "en": "Thus did they converse. Then Minerva took the form of Laodocus, son of Antenor, and went through the ranks of the Trojans to find Pandarus, the redoubtable son of Lycaon. She found him standing among the stalwart heroes who had followed him from the banks of the Aesopus, so she went close up to him and said, “Brave son of Lycaon, will you do as I tell you? If you dare send an arrow at Menelaus you will win honour and thanks from all the Trojans, and especially from prince Alexandrus, he would be the first to requite you very handsomely if he could see Menelaus mount his funeral pyre, slain by an arrow from your hand. Take your home aim then, and pray to Lycian Apollo, the famous archer; vow that when you get home to your strong city of Zelea you will offer a hecatomb of firstling lambs in his honour.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.104–117", "orig": "ὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη, τῷ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθεν·\nαὐτίκʼ ἐσύλα τόξον ἐΰξοον ἰξάλου αἰγὸς\nἀγρίου, ὅν ῥά ποτʼ αὐτὸς ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τυχήσας\nπέτρης ἐκβαίνοντα δεδεγμένος ἐν προδοκῇσι\nβεβλήκει πρὸς στῆθος· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἔμπεσε πέτρῃ.\nτοῦ κέρα ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἑκκαιδεκάδωρα πεφύκει·\nκαὶ τὰ μὲν ἀσκήσας κεραοξόος ἤραρε τέκτων,\nπᾶν δʼ εὖ λειήνας χρυσέην ἐπέθηκε κορώνην.\nκαὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκε τανυσσάμενος ποτὶ γαίῃ\nἀγκλίνας· πρόσθεν δὲ σάκεα σχέθον ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι\nμὴ πρὶν ἀναΐξειαν ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nπρὶν βλῆσθαι Μενέλαον ἀρήϊον Ἀτρέος υἱόν.\nαὐτὰρ ὁ σύλα πῶμα φαρέτρης, ἐκ δʼ ἕλετʼ ἰὸν\nἀβλῆτα πτερόεντα μελαινέων ἕρμʼ ὀδυνάων·", "en": "His fool’s heart was persuaded, and he took his bow from its case. This bow was made from the horns of a wild ibex which he had killed as it was bounding from a rock; he had stalked it, and it had fallen as the arrow struck it to the heart. Its horns were sixteen palms long, and a worker in horn had made them into a bow, smoothing them well down, and giving them tips of gold. When Pandarus had strung his bow he laid it carefully on the ground, and his brave followers held their shields before him lest the Achaeans should set upon him before he had shot Menelaus. Then he opened the lid of his quiver and took out a winged arrow that had not yet been shot, fraught with the pangs of death." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.118–128", "orig": "αἶψα δʼ ἐπὶ νευρῇ κατεκόσμει πικρὸν ὀϊστόν,\nεὔχετο δʼ Ἀπόλλωνι Λυκηγενέϊ κλυτοτόξῳ\nἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην\nοἴκαδε νοστήσας ἱερῆς εἰς ἄστυ Ζελείης.\nἕλκε δʼ ὁμοῦ γλυφίδας τε λαβὼν καὶ νεῦρα βόεια·\nνευρὴν μὲν μαζῷ πέλασεν, τόξῳ δὲ σίδηρον.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ κυκλοτερὲς μέγα τόξον ἔτεινε,\nλίγξε βιός, νευρὴ δὲ μέγʼ ἴαχεν, ἆλτο δʼ ὀϊστὸς\nὀξυβελὴς καθʼ ὅμιλον ἐπιπτέσθαι μενεαίνων.\nοὐδὲ σέθεν Μενέλαε θεοὶ μάκαρες λελάθοντο\nἀθάνατοι, πρώτη δὲ Διὸς θυγάτηρ ἀγελείη,", "en": "He laid the arrow on the string and prayed to Lycian Apollo, the famous archer, vowing that when he got home to his strong city of Zelea he would offer a hecatomb of firstling lambs in his honour. He laid the notch of the arrow on the ox-hide bowstring, and drew both notch and string to his breast till the arrow-head was near the bow; then when the bow was arched into a half-circle he let fly, and the bow twanged, and the string sang as the arrow flew gladly on over the heads of the throng." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.129–147", "orig": "ἥ τοι πρόσθε στᾶσα βέλος ἐχεπευκὲς ἄμυνεν.\nἣ δὲ τόσον μὲν ἔεργεν ἀπὸ χροὸς ὡς ὅτε μήτηρ\nπαιδὸς ἐέργῃ μυῖαν ὅθʼ ἡδέϊ λέξεται ὕπνῳ,\nαὐτὴ δʼ αὖτʼ ἴθυνεν ὅθι ζωστῆρος ὀχῆες\nχρύσειοι σύνεχον καὶ διπλόος ἤντετο θώρηξ.\nἐν δʼ ἔπεσε ζωστῆρι ἀρηρότι πικρὸς ὀϊστός·\nδιὰ μὲν ἂρ ζωστῆρος ἐλήλατο δαιδαλέοιο,\nκαὶ διὰ θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου ἠρήρειστο\nμίτρης θʼ, ἣν ἐφόρει ἔρυμα χροὸς ἕρκος ἀκόντων,\nἥ οἱ πλεῖστον ἔρυτο· διὰ πρὸ δὲ εἴσατο καὶ τῆς.\nἀκρότατον δʼ ἄρʼ ὀϊστὸς ἐπέγραψε χρόα φωτός·\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἔρρεεν αἷμα κελαινεφὲς ἐξ ὠτειλῆς.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τίς τʼ ἐλέφαντα γυνὴ φοίνικι μιήνῃ\nΜῃονὶς ἠὲ Κάειρα παρήϊον ἔμμεναι ἵππων·\nκεῖται δʼ ἐν θαλάμῳ, πολέες τέ μιν ἠρήσαντο\nἱππῆες φορέειν· βασιλῆϊ δὲ κεῖται ἄγαλμα,\nἀμφότερον κόσμός θʼ ἵππῳ ἐλατῆρί τε κῦδος·\nτοῖοί τοι Μενέλαε μιάνθην αἵματι μηροὶ\nεὐφυέες κνῆμαί τε ἰδὲ σφυρὰ κάλʼ ὑπένερθε.", "en": "But the blessed gods did not forget thee, O Menelaus, and Jove’s daughter, driver of the spoil, was the first to stand before thee and ward off the piercing arrow. She turned it from his skin as a mother whisks a fly from off her child when it is sleeping sweetly; she guided it to the part where the golden buckles of the belt that passed over his double cuirass were fastened, so the arrow struck the belt that went tightly round him. It went right through this and through the cuirass of cunning workmanship; it also pierced the belt beneath it, which he wore next his skin to keep out darts or arrows; it was this that served him in the best stead, nevertheless the arrow went through it and grazed the top of the skin, so that blood began flowing from the wound.\nAs when some woman of Meonia or Caria strains purple dye on to a piece of ivory that is to be the cheek-piece of a horse, and is to be laid up in a treasure house, many a knight is fain to bear it, but the king keeps it as an ornament of which both horse and driver may be proud, even so, O Menelaus, were your shapely thighs and your legs down to your fair ancles stained with blood." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.148–168", "orig": "ῥίγησεν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nὡς εἶδεν μέλαν αἷμα καταρρέον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς·\nῥίγησεν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος.\nὡς δὲ ἴδεν νεῦρόν τε καὶ ὄγκους ἐκτὸς ἐόντας\nἄψορρόν οἱ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀγέρθη.\nτοῖς δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων μετέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nχειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον, ἐπεστενάχοντο δʼ ἑταῖροι·\nφίλε κασίγνητε θάνατόν νύ τοι ὅρκιʼ ἔταμνον\nοἶον προστήσας πρὸ Ἀχαιῶν Τρωσὶ μάχεσθαι,\nὥς σʼ ἔβαλον Τρῶες, κατὰ δʼ ὅρκια πιστὰ πάτησαν.\nοὐ μέν πως ἅλιον πέλει ὅρκιον αἷμά τε ἀρνῶν\nσπονδαί τʼ ἄκρητοι καὶ δεξιαὶ ᾗς ἐπέπιθμεν.\nεἴ περ γάρ τε καὶ αὐτίκʼ Ὀλύμπιος οὐκ ἐτέλεσσεν,\nἔκ τε καὶ ὀψὲ τελεῖ, σύν τε μεγάλῳ ἀπέτισαν\nσὺν σφῇσιν κεφαλῇσι γυναιξί τε καὶ τεκέεσσιν.\nεὖ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε οἶδα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν·\nἔσσεται ἦμαρ ὅτʼ ἄν ποτʼ ὀλώλῃ Ἴλιος ἱρὴ\nκαὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο,\nΖεὺς δέ σφι Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος αἰθέρι ναίων\nαὐτὸς ἐπισσείῃσιν ἐρεμνὴν αἰγίδα πᾶσι\nτῆσδʼ ἀπάτης κοτέων· τὰ μὲν ἔσσεται οὐκ ἀτέλεστα·", "en": "When King Agamemnon saw the blood flowing from the wound he was afraid, and so was brave Menelaus himself till he saw that the barbs of the arrow and the thread that bound the arrow-head to the shaft were still outside the wound. Then he took heart, but Agamemnon heaved a deep sigh as he held Menelaus’s hand in his own, and his comrades made moan in concert. “Dear brother,” he cried, “I have been the death of you in pledging this covenant and letting you come forward as our champion. The Trojans have trampled on their oaths and have wounded you; nevertheless the oath, the blood of lambs, the drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship in which we have put our trust shall not be vain. If he that rules Olympus fulfil it not here and now, he will yet fulfil it hereafter, and they shall pay dearly with their lives and with their wives and children. The day will surely come when mighty Ilius shall be laid low, with Priam and Priam’s people, when the son of Saturn from his high throne shall overshadow them with his awful aegis in punishment of their present treachery." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.169–187", "orig": "ἀλλά μοι αἰνὸν ἄχος σέθεν ἔσσεται ὦ Μενέλαε\nαἴ κε θάνῃς καὶ πότμον ἀναπλήσῃς βιότοιο.\nκαί κεν ἐλέγχιστος πολυδίψιον Ἄργος ἱκοίμην·\nαὐτίκα γὰρ μνήσονται Ἀχαιοὶ πατρίδος αἴης·\nκὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ καὶ Τρωσὶ λίποιμεν\nἈργείην Ἑλένην· σέο δʼ ὀστέα πύσει ἄρουρα\nκειμένου ἐν Τροίῃ ἀτελευτήτῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ.\nκαί κέ τις ὧδʼ ἐρέει Τρώων ὑπερηνορεόντων\nτύμβῳ ἐπιθρῴσκων Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο·\nαἴθʼ οὕτως ἐπὶ πᾶσι χόλον τελέσειʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,\nὡς καὶ νῦν ἅλιον στρατὸν ἤγαγεν ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιῶν,\nκαὶ δὴ ἔβη οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nσὺν κεινῇσιν νηυσὶ λιπὼν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον.\nὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών.\nτὸν δʼ ἐπιθαρσύνων προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·\nθάρσει, μηδέ τί πω δειδίσσεο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·\nοὐκ ἐν καιρίῳ ὀξὺ πάγη βέλος, ἀλλὰ πάροιθεν\nεἰρύσατο ζωστήρ τε παναίολος ἠδʼ ὑπένερθε\nζῶμά τε καὶ μίτρη, τὴν χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες.", "en": "This shall surely be; but how, Menelaus, shall I mourn you, if it be your lot now to die? I should return to Argos as a by-word, for the Achaeans will at once go home. We shall leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, and the earth will rot your bones as you lie here at Troy with your purpose not fulfilled. Then shall some braggart Trojan leap upon your tomb and say, ‘Ever thus may Agamemnon wreak his vengeance; he brought his army in vain; he is gone home to his own land with empty ships, and has left Menelaus behind him.’ Thus will one of them say, and may the earth then swallow me.”\nBut Menelaus reassured him and said, “Take heart, and do not alarm the people; the arrow has not struck me in a mortal part, for my outer belt of burnished metal first stayed it, and under this my cuirass and the belt of mail which the bronze-smiths made me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.188–207", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nαἲ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε·\nἕλκος δʼ ἰητὴρ ἐπιμάσσεται ἠδʼ ἐπιθήσει\nφάρμαχʼ ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων.\nἦ καὶ Ταλθύβιον θεῖον κήρυκα προσηύδα·\nΤαλθύβιʼ ὅττι τάχιστα Μαχάονα δεῦρο κάλεσσον\nφῶτʼ Ἀσκληπιοῦ υἱὸν ἀμύμονος ἰητῆρος,\nὄφρα ἴδῃ Μενέλαον ἀρήϊον Ἀτρέος υἱόν,\nὅν τις ὀϊστεύσας ἔβαλεν τόξων ἐῢ εἰδὼς\nΤρώων ἢ Λυκίων, τῷ μὲν κλέος, ἄμμι δὲ πένθος.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα οἱ κῆρυξ ἀπίθησεν ἀκούσας,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nπαπταίνων ἥρωα Μαχάονα· τὸν δὲ νόησεν\nἑσταότʼ· ἀμφὶ δέ μιν κρατεραὶ στίχες ἀσπιστάων\nλαῶν, οἵ οἱ ἕποντο Τρίκης ἐξ ἱπποβότοιο.\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὄρσʼ Ἀσκληπιάδη, καλέει κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων,\nὄφρα ἴδῃς Μενέλαον ἀρήϊον ἀρχὸν Ἀχαιῶν,\nὅν τις ὀϊστεύσας ἔβαλεν τόξων ἐῢ εἰδὼς\nΤρώων ἢ Λυκίων, τῷ μὲν κλέος, ἄμμι δὲ πένθος.", "en": "And Agamemnon answered, “I trust, dear Menelaus, that it may be even so, but the surgeon shall examine your wound and lay herbs upon it to relieve your pain.”\nHe then said to Talthybius, “Talthybius, tell Machaon, son to the great physician, Aesculapius, to come and see Menelaus immediately. Some Trojan or Lycian archer has wounded him with an arrow to our dismay, and to his own great glory.”\nTalthybius did as he was told, and went about the host trying to find Machaon. Presently he found standing amid the brave warriors who had followed him from Tricca; thereon he went up to him and said, “Son of Aesculapius, King Agamemnon says you are to come and see Menelaus immediately. Some Trojan or Lycian archer has wounded him with an arrow to our dismay and to his own great glory.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.208–222", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε·\nβὰν δʼ ἰέναι καθʼ ὅμιλον ἀνὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι ξανθὸς Μενέλαος\nβλήμενος ἦν, περὶ δʼ αὐτὸν ἀγηγέραθʼ ὅσσοι ἄριστοι\nκυκλόσʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι παρίστατο ἰσόθεος φώς,\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐκ ζωστῆρος ἀρηρότος ἕλκεν ὀϊστόν·\nτοῦ δʼ ἐξελκομένοιο πάλιν ἄγεν ὀξέες ὄγκοι.\nλῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῆρα παναίολον ἠδʼ ὑπένερθε\nζῶμά τε καὶ μίτρην, τὴν χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ ἴδεν ἕλκος ὅθʼ ἔμπεσε πικρὸς ὀϊστός,\nαἷμʼ ἐκμυζήσας ἐπʼ ἄρʼ ἤπια φάρμακα εἰδὼς\nπάσσε, τά οἵ ποτε πατρὶ φίλα φρονέων πόρε Χείρων.\nὄφρα τοὶ ἀμφεπένοντο βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον,\nτόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον ἀσπιστάων·\nοἳ δʼ αὖτις κατὰ τεύχεʼ ἔδυν, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and Machaon was moved to go. They passed through the spreading host of the Achaeans and went on till they came to the place where Menelaus had been wounded and was lying with the chieftains gathered in a circle round him. Machaon passed into the middle of the ring and at once drew the arrow from the belt, bending its barbs back through the force with which he pulled it out. He undid the burnished belt, and beneath this the cuirass and the belt of mail which the bronze-smiths had made; then, when he had seen the wound, he wiped away the blood and applied some soothing drugs which Chiron had given to Aesculapius out of the good will he bore him.\nWhile they were thus busy about Menelaus, the Trojans came forward against them, for they had put on their armour, and now renewed the fight." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.223–239", "orig": "ἔνθʼ οὐκ ἂν βρίζοντα ἴδοις Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον\nοὐδὲ καταπτώσσοντʼ οὐδʼ οὐκ ἐθέλοντα μάχεσθαι,\nἀλλὰ μάλα σπεύδοντα μάχην ἐς κυδιάνειραν.\nἵππους μὲν γὰρ ἔασε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ·\nκαὶ τοὺς μὲν θεράπων ἀπάνευθʼ ἔχε φυσιόωντας\nΕὐρυμέδων υἱὸς Πτολεμαίου Πειραΐδαο·\nτῷ μάλα πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλε παρισχέμεν ὁππότε κέν μιν\nγυῖα λάβῃ κάματος πολέας διὰ κοιρανέοντα·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ πεζὸς ἐὼν ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν·\nκαί ῥʼ οὓς μὲν σπεύδοντας ἴδοι Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων,\nτοὺς μάλα θαρσύνεσκε παριστάμενος ἐπέεσσιν·\nἈργεῖοι μή πώ τι μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς·\nοὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ ψευδέσσι πατὴρ Ζεὺς ἔσσετʼ ἀρωγός,\nἀλλʼ οἵ περ πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσαντο\nτῶν ἤτοι αὐτῶν τέρενα χρόα γῦπες ἔδονται,\nἡμεῖς αὖτʼ ἀλόχους τε φίλας καὶ νήπια τέκνα\nἄξομεν ἐν νήεσσιν, ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν.", "en": "You would not have then found Agamemnon asleep nor cowardly and unwilling to fight, but eager rather for the fray. He left his chariot rich with bronze and his panting steeds in charge of Eurymedon, son of Ptolemaeus the son of Peiraeus, and bade him hold them in readiness against the time his limbs should weary of going about and giving orders to so many, for he went among the ranks on foot. When he saw men hasting to the front he stood by them and cheered them on. “Argives,” said he, “slacken not one whit in your onset; father Jove will be no helper of liars; the Trojans have been the first to break their oaths and to attack us; therefore they shall be devoured of vultures; we shall take their city and carry off their wives and children in our ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.240–254", "orig": "οὕς τινας αὖ μεθιέντας ἴδοι στυγεροῦ πολέμοιο,\nτοὺς μάλα νεικείεσκε χολωτοῖσιν ἐπέεσσιν·\nἈργεῖοι ἰόμωροι ἐλεγχέες οὔ νυ σέβεσθε;\nτίφθʼ οὕτως ἔστητε τεθηπότες ἠΰτε νεβροί,\nαἵ τʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον πολέος πεδίοιο θέουσαι\nἑστᾶσʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα τίς σφι μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται ἀλκή·\nὣς ὑμεῖς ἔστητε τεθηπότες οὐδὲ μάχεσθε.\nἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν ἔνθά τε νῆες\nεἰρύατʼ εὔπρυμνοι πολιῆς ἐπὶ θινὶ θαλάσσης,\nὄφρα ἴδητʼ αἴ κʼ ὔμμιν ὑπέρσχῃ χεῖρα Κρονίων;\nὣς ὅ γε κοιρανέων ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν·\nἦλθε δʼ ἐπὶ Κρήτεσσι κιὼν ἀνὰ οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν.\nοἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἰδομενῆα δαΐφρονα θωρήσσοντο·\nἸδομενεὺς μὲν ἐνὶ προμάχοις συῒ εἴκελος ἀλκήν,\nΜηριόνης δʼ ἄρα οἱ πυμάτας ὄτρυνε φάλαγγας.", "en": "But he angrily rebuked those whom he saw shirking and disinclined to fight. “Argives,” he cried, “cowardly miserable creatures, have you no shame to stand here like frightened fawns who, when they can no longer scud over the plain, huddle together, but show no fight? You are as dazed and spiritless as deer. Would you wait till the Trojans reach the sterns of our ships as they lie on the shore, to see whether the son of Saturn will hold his hand over you to protect you?”\nThus did he go about giving his orders among the ranks. Passing through the crowd, he came presently on the Cretans, arming round Idomeneus, who was at their head, fierce as a wild boar, while Meriones was bringing up the battalions that were in the rear." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.255–271", "orig": "τοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν γήθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,\nαὐτίκα δʼ Ἰδομενῆα προσηύδα μειλιχίοισιν·\nἸδομενεῦ περὶ μέν σε τίω Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων\nἠμὲν ἐνὶ πτολέμῳ ἠδʼ ἀλλοίῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ\nἠδʼ ἐν δαίθʼ, ὅτε πέρ τε γερούσιον αἴθοπα οἶνον\nἈργείων οἳ ἄριστοι ἐνὶ κρητῆρι κέρωνται.\nεἴ περ γάρ τʼ ἄλλοι γε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nδαιτρὸν πίνωσιν, σὸν δὲ πλεῖον δέπας αἰεὶ\nἕστηχʼ, ὥς περ ἐμοί, πιέειν ὅτε θυμὸς ἀνώγοι.\nἀλλʼ ὄρσευ πόλεμον δʼ οἷος πάρος εὔχεαι εἶναι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nἈτρεΐδη μάλα μέν τοι ἐγὼν ἐρίηρος ἑταῖρος\nἔσσομαι, ὡς τὸ πρῶτον ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα·\nἀλλʼ ἄλλους ὄτρυνε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nὄφρα τάχιστα μαχώμεθʼ, ἐπεὶ σύν γʼ ὅρκιʼ ἔχευαν\nΤρῶες· τοῖσιν δʼ αὖ θάνατος καὶ κήδεʼ ὀπίσσω\nἔσσετʼ ἐπεὶ πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσαντο.", "en": "Agamemnon was glad when he saw him, and spoke him fairly. “Idomeneus,” said he, “I treat you with greater distinction than I do any others of the Achaeans, whether in war or in other things, or at table. When the princes are mixing my choicest wines in the mixing-bowls, they have each of them a fixed allowance, but your cup is kept always full like my own, that you may drink whenever you are minded. Go, therefore, into battle, and show yourself the man you have been always proud to be.”\nIdomeneus answered, “I will be a trusty comrade, as I promised you from the first I would be. Urge on the other Achaeans, that we may join battle at once, for the Trojans have trampled upon their covenants. Death and destruction shall be theirs, seeing they have been the first to break their oaths and to attack us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.272–291", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ παρῴχετο γηθόσυνος κῆρ·\nἦλθε δʼ ἐπʼ Αἰάντεσσι κιὼν ἀνὰ οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν·\nτὼ δὲ κορυσσέσθην, ἅμα δὲ νέφος εἵπετο πεζῶν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπὸ σκοπιῆς εἶδεν νέφος αἰπόλος ἀνὴρ\nἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑπὸ Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς·\nτῷ δέ τʼ ἄνευθεν ἐόντι μελάντερον ἠΰτε πίσσα\nφαίνετʼ ἰὸν κατὰ πόντον, ἄγει δέ τε λαίλαπα πολλήν,\nῥίγησέν τε ἰδών, ὑπό τε σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα·\nτοῖαι ἅμʼ Αἰάντεσσι διοτρεφέων αἰζηῶν\nδήϊον ἐς πόλεμον πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες\nκυάνεαι, σάκεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι.\nκαὶ τοὺς μὲν γήθησεν ἰδὼν κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων,\nκαί σφεας φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΑἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε χαλκοχιτώνων,\nσφῶϊ μέν· οὐ γὰρ ἔοικʼ ὀτρυνέμεν· οὔ τι κελεύω·\nαὐτὼ γὰρ μάλα λαὸν ἀνώγετον ἶφι μάχεσθαι.\nαἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον\nτοῖος πᾶσιν θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γένοιτο·\nτώ κε τάχʼ ἠμύσειε πόλις Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος\nχερσὶν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσιν ἁλοῦσά τε περθομένη τε.", "en": "The son of Atreus went on, glad at heart, till he came upon the two Ajaxes arming themselves amid a host of foot soldiers. As when a goat-herd from some high post watches a storm drive over the deep before the west wind, black as pitch is the offing and a mighty whirlwind draws towards him, so that he is afraid and drives his flock into a cave, even thus did the ranks of stalwart youths move in a dark mass to battle under the Ajaxes, horrid with shield and spear. Glad was King Agamemnon when he saw them. “No need,” he cried, “to give orders to such leaders of the Argives as you are, for of your own selves you spur your men on to fight with might and main. Would, by father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo that all were so minded as you are, for the city of Priam would then soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.292–309", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ, βῆ δὲ μετʼ ἄλλους·\nἔνθʼ ὅ γε Νέστορʼ ἔτετμε λιγὺν Πυλίων ἀγορητὴν\nοὓς ἑτάρους στέλλοντα καὶ ὀτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι\nἀμφὶ μέγαν Πελάγοντα Ἀλάστορά τε Χρομίον τε\nΑἵμονά τε κρείοντα Βίαντά τε ποιμένα λαῶν·\nἱππῆας μὲν πρῶτα σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφι,\nπεζοὺς δʼ ἐξόπιθε στῆσεν πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς\nἕρκος ἔμεν πολέμοιο· κακοὺς δʼ ἐς μέσσον ἔλασσεν,\nὄφρα καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλων τις ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζοι.\nἱππεῦσιν μὲν πρῶτʼ ἐπετέλλετο· τοὺς γὰρ ἀνώγει\nσφοὺς ἵππους ἐχέμεν μηδὲ κλονέεσθαι ὁμίλῳ·\nμηδέ τις ἱπποσύνῃ τε καὶ ἠνορέηφι πεποιθὼς\nοἶος πρόσθʼ ἄλλων μεμάτω Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι,\nμηδʼ ἀναχωρείτω· ἀλαπαδνότεροι γὰρ ἔσεσθε.\nὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ ὧν ὀχέων ἕτερʼ ἅρμαθʼ ἵκηται\nἔγχει ὀρεξάσθω, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερον οὕτω.\nὧδε καὶ οἱ πρότεροι πόλεας καὶ τείχεʼ ἐπόρθεον\nτόνδε νόον καὶ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔχοντες.", "en": "With this he left them and went onward to Nestor, the facile speaker of the Pylians, who was marshalling his men and urging them on, in company with Pelagon, Alastor, Chromius, Haemon, and Bias shepherd of his people. He placed his knights with their chariots and horses in the front rank, while the foot soldiers, brave men and many, whom he could trust, were in the rear. The cowards he drove into the middle, that they might fight whether they would or no. He gave his orders to the knights first, bidding them hold their horses well in hand, so as to avoid confusion. “Let no man,” he said, “relying on his strength or horsemanship, get before the others and engage singly with the Trojans, nor yet let him lag behind or you will weaken your attack; but let each when he meets an enemy’s chariot throw his spear from his own; this be much the best; this is how the men of old took towns and strongholds; in this wise were they minded.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.310–325", "orig": "ὣς ὃ γέρων ὄτρυνε πάλαι πολέμων ἐῢ εἰδώς·\nκαὶ τὸν μὲν γήθησεν ἰδὼν κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὦ γέρον εἴθʼ ὡς θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν\nὥς τοι γούναθʼ ἕποιτο, βίη δέ τοι ἔμπεδος εἴη·\nἀλλά σε γῆρας τείρει ὁμοίϊον· ὡς ὄφελέν τις\nἀνδρῶν ἄλλος ἔχειν, σὺ δὲ κουροτέροισι μετεῖναι.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nἈτρεΐδη μάλα μέν τοι ἐγὼν ἐθέλοιμι καὶ αὐτὸς\nὣς ἔμεν ὡς ὅτε δῖον Ἐρευθαλίωνα κατέκταν.\nἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἅμα πάντα θεοὶ δόσαν ἀνθρώποισιν·\nεἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει.\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἱππεῦσι μετέσσομαι ἠδὲ κελεύσω\nβουλῇ καὶ μύθοισι· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ γερόντων.\nαἰχμὰς δʼ αἰχμάσσουσι νεώτεροι, οἵ περ ἐμεῖο\nὁπλότεροι γεγάασι πεποίθασίν τε βίηφιν.", "en": "Thus did the old man charge them, for he had been in many a fight, and King Agamemnon was glad. “I wish,” he said to him, “that your limbs were as supple and your strength as sure as your judgment is; but age, the common enemy of mankind, has laid his hand upon you; would that it had fallen upon some other, and that you were still young.”\nAnd Nestor, knight of Gerene, answered, “Son of Atreus, I too would gladly be the man I was when I slew mighty Ereuthalion; but the gods will not give us everything at one and the same time. I was then young, and now I am old; still I can go with my knights and give them that counsel which old men have a right to give. The wielding of the spear I leave to those who are younger and stronger than myself.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.326–344", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ παρῴχετο γηθόσυνος κῆρ.\nεὗρʼ υἱὸν Πετεῶο Μενεσθῆα πλήξιππον\nἑσταότʼ· ἀμφὶ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι μήστωρες ἀϋτῆς·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ πλησίον ἑστήκει πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς,\nπὰρ δὲ Κεφαλλήνων ἀμφὶ στίχες οὐκ ἀλαπαδναὶ\nἕστασαν· οὐ γάρ πώ σφιν ἀκούετο λαὸς ἀϋτῆς,\nἀλλὰ νέον συνορινόμεναι κίνυντο φάλαγγες\nΤρώων ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν· οἳ δὲ μένοντες\nἕστασαν ὁππότε πύργος Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἐπελθὼν\nΤρώων ὁρμήσειε καὶ ἄρξειαν πολέμοιο.\nτοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν νείκεσσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,\nκαί σφεας φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὦ υἱὲ Πετεῶο διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος,\nκαὶ σὺ κακοῖσι δόλοισι κεκασμένε κερδαλεόφρον\nτίπτε καταπτώσσοντες ἀφέστατε, μίμνετε δʼ ἄλλους;\nσφῶϊν μέν τʼ ἐπέοικε μετὰ πρώτοισιν ἐόντας\nἑστάμεν ἠδὲ μάχης καυστείρης ἀντιβολῆσαι·\nπρώτω γὰρ καὶ δαιτὸς ἀκουάζεσθον ἐμεῖο,\nὁππότε δαῖτα γέρουσιν ἐφοπλίζωμεν Ἀχαιοί.", "en": "Agamemnon went his way rejoicing, and presently found Menestheus, son of Peteos, tarrying in his place, and with him were the Athenians loud of tongue in battle. Near him also tarried cunning Ulysses, with his sturdy Cephallenians round him; they had not yet heard the battle-cry, for the ranks of Trojans and Achaeans had only just begun to move, so they were standing still, waiting for some other columns of the Achaeans to attack the Trojans and begin the fighting. When he saw this Agamemnon rebuked them and said, “Son of Peteos, and you other, steeped in cunning, heart of guile, why stand you here cowering and waiting on others? You two should be of all men foremost when there is hard fighting to be done, for you are ever foremost to accept my invitation when we councillors of the Achaeans are holding feast." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.345–363", "orig": "ἔνθα φίλʼ ὀπταλέα κρέα ἔδμεναι ἠδὲ κύπελλα\nοἴνου πινέμεναι μελιηδέος ὄφρʼ ἐθέλητον·\nνῦν δὲ φίλως χʼ ὁρόῳτε καὶ εἰ δέκα πύργοι Ἀχαιῶν\nὑμείων προπάροιθε μαχοίατο νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων;\nπῶς δὴ φῂς πολέμοιο μεθιέμεν ὁππότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nΤρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα;\nὄψεαι αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα καὶ αἴ κέν τοι τὰ μεμήλῃ\nΤηλεμάχοιο φίλον πατέρα προμάχοισι μιγέντα\nΤρώων ἱπποδάμων· σὺ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀνεμώλια βάζεις.\nτὸν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nὡς γνῶ χωομένοιο· πάλιν δʼ ὅ γε λάζετο μῦθον·\nδιογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ\nοὔτέ σε νεικείω περιώσιον οὔτε κελεύω·\nοἶδα γὰρ ὥς τοι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισιν\nἤπια δήνεα οἶδε· τὰ γὰρ φρονέεις ἅ τʼ ἐγώ περ.\nἀλλʼ ἴθι ταῦτα δʼ ὄπισθεν ἀρεσσόμεθʼ εἴ τι κακὸν νῦν\nεἴρηται, τὰ δὲ πάντα θεοὶ μεταμώνια θεῖεν.", "en": "You are glad enough then to take your fill of roast meats and to drink wine as long as you please, whereas now you would not care though you saw ten columns of Achaeans engage the enemy in front of you.”\nUlysses glared at him and answered, “Son of Atreus, what are you talking about? How can you say that we are slack? When the Achaeans are in full fight with the Trojans, you shall see, if you care to do so, that the father of Telemachus will join battle with the foremost of them. You are talking idly.”\nWhen Agamemnon saw that Ulysses was angry, he smiled pleasantly at him and withdrew his words. “Ulysses,” said he, “noble son of Laertes, excellent in all good counsel, I have neither fault to find nor orders to give you, for I know your heart is right, and that you and I are of a mind. Enough; I will make you amends for what I have said, and if any ill has now been spoken may the gods bring it to nothing.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.364–381", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ, βῆ δὲ μετʼ ἄλλους.\nεὗρε δὲ Τυδέος υἱὸν ὑπέρθυμον Διομήδεα\nἑσταότʼ ἔν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσι·\nπὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει Σθένελος Καπανήϊος υἱός.\nκαὶ τὸν μὲν νείκεσσεν ἰδὼν κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὤ μοι Τυδέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο\nτί πτώσσεις, τί δʼ ὀπιπεύεις πολέμοιο γεφύρας;\nοὐ μὲν Τυδέϊ γʼ ὧδε φίλον πτωσκαζέμεν ἦεν,\nἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὸ φίλων ἑτάρων δηΐοισι μάχεσθαι,\nὡς φάσαν οἵ μιν ἴδοντο πονεύμενον· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε\nἤντησʼ οὐδὲ ἴδον· περὶ δʼ ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι.\nἤτοι μὲν γὰρ ἄτερ πολέμου εἰσῆλθε Μυκήνας\nξεῖνος ἅμʼ ἀντιθέῳ Πολυνείκεϊ λαὸν ἀγείρων·\nοἳ δὲ τότʼ ἐστρατόωνθʼ ἱερὰ πρὸς τείχεα Θήβης,\nκαί ῥα μάλα λίσσοντο δόμεν κλειτοὺς ἐπικούρους·\nοἳ δʼ ἔθελον δόμεναι καὶ ἐπῄνεον ὡς ἐκέλευον·\nἀλλὰ Ζεὺς ἔτρεψε παραίσια σήματα φαίνων.", "en": "He then left them and went on to others. Presently he saw the son of Tydeus, noble Diomed, standing by his chariot and horses, with Sthenelus the son of Capaneus beside him; whereon he began to upbraid him. “Son of Tydeus,” he said, “why stand you cowering here upon the brink of battle? Tydeus did not shrink thus, but was ever ahead of his men when leading them on against the foe, so, at least, say they that saw him in battle, for I never set eyes upon him myself. They say that there was no man like him. He came once to Mycenae, not as an enemy but as a guest, in company with Polynices to recruit his forces, for they were levying war against the strong city of Thebes, and prayed our people for a body of picked men to help them. The men of Mycenae were willing to let them have one, but Jove dissuaded them by showing them unfavourable omens. Tydeus, therefore, and Polynices went their way." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.382–400", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ᾤχοντο ἰδὲ πρὸ ὁδοῦ ἐγένοντο,\nἈσωπὸν δʼ ἵκοντο βαθύσχοινον λεχεποίην,\nἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἀγγελίην ἐπὶ Τυδῆ στεῖλαν Ἀχαιοί.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ, πολέας δὲ κιχήσατο Καδμεΐωνας\nδαινυμένους κατὰ δῶμα βίης Ἐτεοκληείης.\nἔνθʼ οὐδὲ ξεῖνός περ ἐὼν ἱππηλάτα Τυδεὺς\nτάρβει, μοῦνος ἐὼν πολέσιν μετὰ Καδμείοισιν,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἀεθλεύειν προκαλίζετο, πάντα δʼ ἐνίκα\nῥηϊδίως· τοίη οἱ ἐπίρροθος ἦεν Ἀθήνη.\nοἳ δὲ χολωσάμενοι Καδμεῖοι κέντορες ἵππων\nἂψ ἄρʼ ἀνερχομένῳ πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν ἄγοντες\nκούρους πεντήκοντα· δύω δʼ ἡγήτορες ἦσαν,\nΜαίων Αἱμονίδης ἐπιείκελος ἀθανάτοισιν,\nυἱός τʼ Αὐτοφόνοιο μενεπτόλεμος Πολυφόντης.\nΤυδεὺς μὲν καὶ τοῖσιν ἀεικέα πότμον ἐφῆκε·\nπάντας ἔπεφνʼ, ἕνα δʼ οἶον ἵει οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι·\nΜαίονʼ ἄρα προέηκε θεῶν τεράεσσι πιθήσας.\nτοῖος ἔην Τυδεὺς Αἰτώλιος· ἀλλὰ τὸν υἱὸν\nγείνατο εἷο χέρεια μάχῃ, ἀγορῇ δέ τʼ ἀμείνω.", "en": "When they had got as far the deep-meadowed and rush-grown banks of the Aesopus, the Achaeans sent Tydeus as their envoy, and he found the Cadmeans gathered in great numbers to a banquet in the house of Eteocles. Stranger though he was, he knew no fear on finding himself single-handed among so many, but challenged them to contests of all kinds, and in each one of them was at once victorious, so mightily did Minerva help him. The Cadmeans were incensed at his success, and set a force of fifty youths with two captains, the godlike hero Maeon, son of Haemon, and Polyphontes, son of Autophonus, at their head, to lie in wait for him on his return journey; but Tydeus slew every man of them, save only Maeon, whom he let go in obedience to heaven’s omens. Such was Tydeus of Aetolia. His son can talk more glibly, but he cannot fight as his father did.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.401–418", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης\nαἰδεσθεὶς βασιλῆος ἐνιπὴν αἰδοίοιο·\nτὸν δʼ υἱὸς Καπανῆος ἀμείψατο κυδαλίμοιο·\nἈτρεΐδη μὴ ψεύδεʼ ἐπιστάμενος σάφα εἰπεῖν·\nἡμεῖς τοι πατέρων μέγʼ ἀμείνονες εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι·\nἡμεῖς καὶ Θήβης ἕδος εἵλομεν ἑπταπύλοιο\nπαυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθʼ ὑπὸ τεῖχος ἄρειον,\nπειθόμενοι τεράεσσι θεῶν καὶ Ζηνὸς ἀρωγῇ·\nκεῖνοι δὲ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο·\nτὼ μή μοι πατέρας ποθʼ ὁμοίῃ ἔνθεο τιμῇ.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nτέττα, σιωπῇ ἧσο, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπιπείθεο μύθῳ·\nοὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ νεμεσῶ Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν\nὀτρύνοντι μάχεσθαι ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς·\nτούτῳ μὲν γὰρ κῦδος ἅμʼ ἕψεται εἴ κεν Ἀχαιοὶ\nΤρῶας δῃώσωσιν ἕλωσί τε Ἴλιον ἱρήν,\nτούτῳ δʼ αὖ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιῶν δῃωθέντων.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ νῶϊ μεδώμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς.", "en": "Diomed made no answer, for he was shamed by the rebuke of Agamemnon; but the son of Capaneus took up his words and said, “Son of Atreus, tell no lies, for you can speak truth if you will. We boast ourselves as even better men than our fathers; we took seven-gated Thebes, though the wall was stronger and our men were fewer in number, for we trusted in the omens of the gods and in the help of Jove, whereas they perished through their own sheer folly; hold not, then, our fathers in like honour with us.”\nDiomed looked sternly at him and said, “Hold your peace, my friend, as I bid you. It is not amiss that Agamemnon should urge the Achaeans forward, for the glory will be his if we take the city, and his the shame if we are vanquished. Therefore let us acquit ourselves with valour.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.419–438", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε·\nδεινὸν δʼ ἔβραχε χαλκὸς ἐπὶ στήθεσσιν ἄνακτος\nὀρνυμένου· ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐν αἰγιαλῷ πολυηχέϊ κῦμα θαλάσσης\nὄρνυτʼ ἐπασσύτερον Ζεφύρου ὕπο κινήσαντος·\nπόντῳ μέν τε πρῶτα κορύσσεται, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nχέρσῳ ῥηγνύμενον μεγάλα βρέμει, ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἄκρας\nκυρτὸν ἐὸν κορυφοῦται, ἀποπτύει δʼ ἁλὸς ἄχνην·\nὣς τότʼ ἐπασσύτεραι Δαναῶν κίνυντο φάλαγγες\nνωλεμέως πόλεμον δέ· κέλευε δὲ οἷσιν ἕκαστος\nἡγεμόνων· οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι ἀκὴν ἴσαν, οὐδέ κε φαίης\nτόσσον λαὸν ἕπεσθαι ἔχοντʼ ἐν στήθεσιν αὐδήν,\nσιγῇ δειδιότες σημάντορας· ἀμφὶ δὲ πᾶσι\nτεύχεα ποικίλʼ ἔλαμπε, τὰ εἱμένοι ἐστιχόωντο.\nΤρῶες δʼ, ὥς τʼ ὄϊες πολυπάμονος ἀνδρὸς ἐν αὐλῇ\nμυρίαι ἑστήκασιν ἀμελγόμεναι γάλα λευκὸν\nἀζηχὲς μεμακυῖαι ἀκούουσαι ὄπα ἀρνῶν,\nὣς Τρώων ἀλαλητὸς ἀνὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν ὀρώρει·\nοὐ γὰρ πάντων ἦεν ὁμὸς θρόος οὐδʼ ἴα γῆρυς,\nἀλλὰ γλῶσσα μέμικτο, πολύκλητοι δʼ ἔσαν ἄνδρες.", "en": "As he spoke he sprang from his chariot, and his armour rang so fiercely about his body that even a brave man might well have been scared to hear it.\nAs when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west wind has lashed it into fury, it has reared its head afar and now comes crashing down on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over the jagged rocks and spews its salt foam in all directions, even so did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans march steadfastly to battle. The chiefs gave orders each to his own people, but the men said never a word; no man would think it, for huge as the host was, it seemed as though there was not a tongue among them, so silent were they in their obedience; and as they marched the armour about their bodies glistened in the sun. But the clamour of the Trojan ranks was as that of many thousand ewes that stand waiting to be milked in the yards of some rich flock-master, and bleat incessantly in answer to the bleating of their lambs; for they had not one speech nor language, but their tongues were diverse, and they came from many different places." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.439–456", "orig": "ὄρσε δὲ τοὺς μὲν Ἄρης, τοὺς δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη\nΔεῖμός τʼ ἠδὲ Φόβος καὶ Ἔρις ἄμοτον μεμαυῖα,\nἌρεος ἀνδροφόνοιο κασιγνήτη ἑτάρη τε,\nἥ τʼ ὀλίγη μὲν πρῶτα κορύσσεται, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nοὐρανῷ ἐστήριξε κάρη καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ βαίνει·\nἥ σφιν καὶ τότε νεῖκος ὁμοίϊον ἔμβαλε μέσσῳ\nἐρχομένη καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀφέλλουσα στόνον ἀνδρῶν.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐς χῶρον ἕνα ξυνιόντες ἵκοντο,\nσύν ῥʼ ἔβαλον ῥινούς, σὺν δʼ ἔγχεα καὶ μένεʼ ἀνδρῶν\nχαλκεοθωρήκων· ἀτὰρ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι\nἔπληντʼ ἀλλήλῃσι, πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.\nἔνθα δʼ ἅμʼ οἰμωγή τε καὶ εὐχωλὴ πέλεν ἀνδρῶν\nὀλλύντων τε καὶ ὀλλυμένων, ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε χείμαρροι ποταμοὶ κατʼ ὄρεσφι ῥέοντες\nἐς μισγάγκειαν συμβάλλετον ὄβριμον ὕδωρ\nκρουνῶν ἐκ μεγάλων κοίλης ἔντοσθε χαράδρης,\nτῶν δέ τε τηλόσε δοῦπον ἐν οὔρεσιν ἔκλυε ποιμήν·\nὣς τῶν μισγομένων γένετο ἰαχή τε πόνος τε.", "en": "These were inspired of Mars, but the others by Minerva, and with them came Panic, Rout, and Strife whose fury never tires, sister and friend of murderous Mars, who, from being at first but low in stature, grows till she uprears her head to heaven, though her feet are still on earth. She it was that went about among them and flung down discord to the waxing of sorrow with even hand between them.\nWhen they were got together in one place shield clashed with shield and spear with spear in the rage of battle. The bossed shields beat one upon another, and there was a tramp as of a great multitude, death-cry and shout of triumph of slain and slayers, and the earth ran red with blood. As torrents swollen with rain course madly down their deep channels till the angry floods meet in some gorge, and the shepherd on the hillside hears their roaring from afar, even such was the toil and uproar of the hosts as they joined in battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.457–472", "orig": "πρῶτος δʼ Ἀντίλοχος Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν\nἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι Θαλυσιάδην Ἐχέπωλον·\nτόν ῥʼ ἔβαλε πρῶτος κόρυθος φάλον ἱπποδασείης,\nἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε, πέρησε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέον εἴσω\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν,\nἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε πύργος ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ.\nτὸν δὲ πεσόντα ποδῶν ἔλαβε κρείων Ἐλεφήνωρ\nΧαλκωδοντιάδης μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸς Ἀβάντων,\nἕλκε δʼ ὑπʼ ἐκ βελέων, λελιημένος ὄφρα τάχιστα\nτεύχεα συλήσειε· μίνυνθα δέ οἱ γένεθʼ ὁρμή.\nνεκρὸν γὰρ ἐρύοντα ἰδὼν μεγάθυμος Ἀγήνωρ\nπλευρά, τά οἱ κύψαντι παρʼ ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη,\nοὔτησε ξυστῷ χαλκήρεϊ, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.\nὣς τὸν μὲν λίπε θυμός, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ἔργον ἐτύχθη\nἀργαλέον Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν· οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς\nἀλλήλοις ἐπόρουσαν, ἀνὴρ δʼ ἄνδρʼ ἐδνοπάλιζεν.", "en": "First Antilochus slew an armed warrior of the Trojans, Echepolus, son of Thalysius, fighting in the foremost ranks. He struck at the projecting part of his helmet and drove the spear into his brow; the point of bronze pierced the bone, and darkness veiled his eyes; headlong as a tower he fell amid the press of the fight, and as he dropped King Elephenor, son of Chalcodon and captain of the proud Abantes began dragging him out of reach of the darts that were falling around him, in haste to strip him of his armour. But his purpose was not for long; Agenor saw him haling the body away, and smote him in the side with his bronze-shod spear, for as he stooped his side was left unprotected by his shield, and thus he perished. Then the fight between Trojans and Achaeans grew furious over his body, and they flew upon each other like wolves, man and man crushing one upon the other." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.473–493", "orig": "ἔνθʼ ἔβαλʼ Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱὸν Τελαμώνιος Αἴας\nἠΐθεον θαλερὸν Σιμοείσιον, ὅν ποτε μήτηρ\nἼδηθεν κατιοῦσα παρʼ ὄχθῃσιν Σιμόεντος\nγείνατʼ, ἐπεί ῥα τοκεῦσιν ἅμʼ ἕσπετο μῆλα ἰδέσθαι·\nτοὔνεκά μιν κάλεον Σιμοείσιον· οὐδὲ τοκεῦσι\nθρέπτρα φίλοις ἀπέδωκε, μινυνθάδιος δέ οἱ αἰὼν\nἔπλεθʼ ὑπʼ Αἴαντος μεγαθύμου δουρὶ δαμέντι.\nπρῶτον γάρ μιν ἰόντα βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζὸν\nδεξιόν· ἀντικρὺ δὲ διʼ ὤμου χάλκεον ἔγχος\nἦλθεν· ὁ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι χαμαὶ πέσεν αἴγειρος ὣς\nἥ ῥά τʼ ἐν εἱαμενῇ ἕλεος μεγάλοιο πεφύκει\nλείη, ἀτάρ τέ οἱ ὄζοι ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτῃ πεφύασι·\nτὴν μέν θʼ ἁρματοπηγὸς ἀνὴρ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ\nἐξέταμʼ, ὄφρα ἴτυν κάμψῃ περικαλλέϊ δίφρῳ·\nἣ μέν τʼ ἀζομένη κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας.\nτοῖον ἄρʼ Ἀνθεμίδην Σιμοείσιον ἐξενάριξεν\nΑἴας διογενής· τοῦ δʼ Ἄντιφος αἰολοθώρηξ\nΠριαμίδης καθʼ ὅμιλον ἀκόντισεν ὀξέϊ δουρί.\nτοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθʼ, ὃ δὲ Λεῦκον Ὀδυσσέος ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον\nβεβλήκει βουβῶνα, νέκυν ἑτέρωσʼ ἐρύοντα·\nἤριπε δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ, νεκρὸς δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.", "en": "Forthwith Ajax, son of Telamon, slew the fair youth Simoeisius, son of Anthemion, whom his mother bore by the banks of the Simois, as she was coming down from Mt. Ida, where she had been with her parents to see their flocks. Therefore he was named Simoeisius, but he did not live to pay his parents for his rearing, for he was cut off untimely by the spear of mighty Ajax, who struck him in the breast by the right nipple as he was coming on among the foremost fighters; the spear went right through his shoulder, and he fell as a poplar that has grown straight and tall in a meadow by some mere, and its top is thick with branches. Then the wheelwright lays his axe to its roots that he may fashion a felloe for the wheel of some goodly chariot, and it lies seasoning by the waterside. In such wise did Ajax fell to earth Simoeisius, son of Anthemion. Thereon Antiphus of the gleaming corslet, son of Priam, hurled a spear at Ajax from amid the crowd and missed him, but he hit Leucus, the brave comrade of Ulysses, in the groin, as he was dragging the body of Simoeisius over to the other side; so he fell upon the body and loosed his hold upon it." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.494–513", "orig": "τοῦ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μάλα θυμὸν ἀποκταμένοιο χολώθη,\nβῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ,\nστῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰὼν καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nἀμφὶ ἓ παπτήνας· ὑπὸ δὲ Τρῶες κεκάδοντο\nἀνδρὸς ἀκοντίσσαντος· ὃ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἧκεν,\nἀλλʼ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο νόθον βάλε Δημοκόωντα\nὅς οἱ Ἀβυδόθεν ἦλθε παρʼ ἵππων ὠκειάων.\nτόν ῥʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ἑτάροιο χολωσάμενος βάλε δουρὶ\nκόρσην· ἣ δʼ ἑτέροιο διὰ κροτάφοιο πέρησεν\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε,\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.\nχώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nἈργεῖοι δὲ μέγα ἴαχον, ἐρύσαντο δὲ νεκρούς,\nἴθυσαν δὲ πολὺ προτέρω· νεμέσησε δʼ Ἀπόλλων\nΠεργάμου ἐκκατιδών, Τρώεσσι δὲ κέκλετʼ ἀΰσας·\nὄρνυσθʼ ἱππόδαμοι Τρῶες μηδʼ εἴκετε χάρμης\nἈργείοις, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος\nχαλκὸν ἀνασχέσθαι ταμεσίχροα βαλλομένοισιν·\nοὐ μὰν οὐδʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Θέτιδος πάϊς ἠϋκόμοιο\nμάρναται, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ χόλον θυμαλγέα πέσσει.", "en": "Ulysses was furious when he saw Leucus slain, and strode in full armour through the front ranks till he was quite close; then he glared round about him and took aim, and the Trojans fell back as he did so. His dart was not sped in vain, for it struck Democoon, the bastard son of Priam, who had come to him from Abydos, where he had charge of his father’s mares. Ulysses, infuriated by the death of his comrade, hit him with his spear on one temple, and the bronze point came through on the other side of his forehead. Thereon darkness veiled his eyes, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. Hector, and they that were in front, then gave round while the Argives raised a shout and drew off the dead, pressing further forward as they did so. But Apollo looked down from Pergamus and called aloud to the Trojans, for he was displeased. “Trojans,” he cried, “rush on the foe, and do not let yourselves be thus beaten by the Argives. Their skins are not stone nor iron that when you hit them you do them no harm. Moreover, Achilles, the son of lovely Thetis, is not fighting, but is nursing his anger at the ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.514–528", "orig": "ὣς φάτʼ ἀπὸ πτόλιος δεινὸς θεός· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς\nὦρσε Διὸς θυγάτηρ κυδίστη Τριτογένεια\nἐρχομένη καθʼ ὅμιλον, ὅθι μεθιέντας ἴδοιτο.\nἔνθʼ Ἀμαρυγκείδην Διώρεα μοῖρα πέδησε·\nχερμαδίῳ γὰρ βλῆτο παρὰ σφυρὸν ὀκριόεντι\nκνήμην δεξιτερήν· βάλε δὲ Θρῃκῶν ἀγὸς ἀνδρῶν\nΠείρως Ἰμβρασίδης ὃς ἄρʼ Αἰνόθεν εἰληλούθει.\nἀμφοτέρω δὲ τένοντε καὶ ὀστέα λᾶας ἀναιδὴς\nἄχρις ἀπηλοίησεν· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι\nκάππεσεν ἄμφω χεῖρε φίλοις ἑτάροισι πετάσσας\nθυμὸν ἀποπνείων· ὃ δʼ ἐπέδραμεν ὅς ῥʼ ἔβαλέν περ\nΠείροος, οὖτα δὲ δουρὶ παρʼ ὀμφαλόν· ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πᾶσαι\nχύντο χαμαὶ χολάδες, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.\nτὸν δὲ Θόας Αἰτωλὸς ἀπεσσύμενον βάλε δουρὶ\nστέρνον ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο, πάγη δʼ ἐν πνεύμονι χαλκός·", "en": "Thus spoke the mighty god, crying to them from the city, while Jove’s redoubtable daughter, the Trito-born, went about among the host of the Achaeans, and urged them forward whenever she beheld them slackening.\nThen fate fell upon Diores, son of Amarynceus, for he was struck by a jagged stone near the ancle of his right leg. He that hurled it was Peirous, son of Imbrasus, captain of the Thracians, who had come from Aenus; the bones and both the tendons were crushed by the pitiless stone. He fell to the ground on his back, and in his death-throes stretched out his hands towards his comrades. But Peirous, who had wounded him, sprang on him and thrust a spear into his belly, so that his bowels came gushing out upon the ground, and darkness veiled his eyes. As he was leaving the body, Thoas of Aetolia struck him in the chest near the nipple, and the point fixed itself in his lungs." }, { "ref": "Iliad 4.529–544", "orig": "ἀγχίμολον δέ οἱ ἦλθε Θόας, ἐκ δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος\nἐσπάσατο στέρνοιο, ἐρύσσατο δὲ ξίφος ὀξύ,\nτῷ ὅ γε γαστέρα τύψε μέσην, ἐκ δʼ αἴνυτο θυμόν.\nτεύχεα δʼ οὐκ ἀπέδυσε· περίστησαν γὰρ ἑταῖροι\nΘρήϊκες ἀκρόκομοι δολίχʼ ἔγχεα χερσὶν ἔχοντες,\nοἵ ἑ μέγαν περ ἐόντα καὶ ἴφθιμον καὶ ἀγαυὸν\nὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων· ὃ δὲ χασσάμενος πελεμίχθη.\nὣς τώ γʼ ἐν κονίῃσι παρʼ ἀλλήλοισι τετάσθην,\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν Θρῃκῶν, ὃ δʼ Ἐπειῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nἡγεμόνες· πολλοὶ δὲ περὶ κτείνοντο καὶ ἄλλοι.\nἔνθά κεν οὐκέτι ἔργον ἀνὴρ ὀνόσαιτο μετελθών,\nὅς τις ἔτʼ ἄβλητος καὶ ἀνούτατος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ\nδινεύοι κατὰ μέσσον, ἄγοι δέ ἑ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nχειρὸς ἑλοῦσʼ, αὐτὰρ βελέων ἀπερύκοι ἐρωήν·\nπολλοὶ γὰρ Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἤματι κείνῳ\nπρηνέες ἐν κονίῃσι παρʼ ἀλλήλοισι τέταντο.", "en": "Thoas came close up to him, pulled the spear out of his chest, and then drawing his sword, smote him in the middle of the belly so that he died; but he did not strip him of his armour, for his Thracian comrades, men who wear their hair in a tuft at the top of their heads, stood round the body and kept him off with their long spears for all his great stature and valour; so he was driven back. Thus the two corpses lay stretched on earth near to one another, the one captain of the Thracians and the other of the Epeans; and many another fell round them.\nAnd now no man would have made light of the fighting if he could have gone about among it scatheless and unwounded, with Minerva leading him by the hand, and protecting him from the storm of spears and arrows. For many Trojans and Achaeans on that day lay stretched side by side face downwards upon the earth." } ], "5": [ { "ref": "Iliad 5.1–15", "orig": "ἔνθʼ αὖ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nδῶκε μένος καὶ θάρσος, ἵνʼ ἔκδηλος μετὰ πᾶσιν\nἈργείοισι γένοιτο ἰδὲ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἄροιτο·\nδαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθός τε καὶ ἀσπίδος ἀκάματον πῦρ\nἀστέρʼ ὀπωρινῷ ἐναλίγκιον, ὅς τε μάλιστα\nλαμπρὸν παμφαίνῃσι λελουμένος ὠκεανοῖο·\nτοῖόν οἱ πῦρ δαῖεν ἀπὸ κρατός τε καὶ ὤμων,\nὦρσε δέ μιν κατὰ μέσσον ὅθι πλεῖστοι κλονέοντο.\nἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δάρης ἀφνειὸς ἀμύμων\nἱρεὺς Ἡφαίστοιο· δύω δέ οἱ υἱέες ἤστην\nΦηγεὺς Ἰδαῖός τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης.\nτώ οἱ ἀποκρινθέντε ἐναντίω ὁρμηθήτην·\nτὼ μὲν ἀφʼ ἵπποιιν, ὃ δʼ ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὄρνυτο πεζός.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες\nΦηγεύς ῥα πρότερος προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος·", "en": "Then Pallas Minerva put valour into the heart of Diomed, son of Tydeus, that he might excel all the other Argives, and cover himself with glory. She made a stream of fire flare from his shield and helmet like the star that shines most brilliantly in summer after its bath in the waters of Oceanus, even such a fire did she kindle upon his head and shoulders as she bade him speed into the thickest hurly-burly of the fight.\nNow there was a certain rich and honourable man among the Trojans, priest of Vulcan, and his name was Dares. He had two sons, Phegeus and Idaeus, both of them skilled in all the arts of war. These two came forward from the main body of Trojans, and set upon Diomed, he being on foot, while they fought from their chariot. When they were close up to one another, Phegeus took aim first, but his spear went over Diomed’s left shoulder without hitting him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.16–34", "orig": "Τυδεΐδεω δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἀριστερὸν ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκὴ\nἔγχεος, οὐδʼ ἔβαλʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ὕστερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ\nΤυδεΐδης· τοῦ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγε χειρός,\nἀλλʼ ἔβαλε στῆθος μεταμάζιον, ὦσε δʼ ἀφʼ ἵππων.\nἸδαῖος δʼ ἀπόρουσε λιπὼν περικαλλέα δίφρον,\nοὐδʼ ἔτλη περιβῆναι ἀδελφειοῦ κταμένοιο·\nοὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδέ κεν αὐτὸς ὑπέκφυγε κῆρα μέλαιναν,\nἀλλʼ Ἥφαιστος ἔρυτο, σάωσε δὲ νυκτὶ καλύψας,\nὡς δή οἱ μὴ πάγχυ γέρων ἀκαχήμενος εἴη.\nἵππους δʼ ἐξελάσας μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὸς\nδῶκεν ἑταίροισιν κατάγειν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.\nΤρῶες δὲ μεγάθυμοι ἐπεὶ ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος\nτὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον, τὸν δὲ κτάμενον παρʼ ὄχεσφι,\nπᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός· ἀτὰρ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη\nχειρὸς ἑλοῦσʼ ἐπέεσσι προσηύδα θοῦρον Ἄρηα·\nἎρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα\nοὐκ ἂν δὴ Τρῶας μὲν ἐάσαιμεν καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς\nμάρνασθʼ, ὁπποτέροισι πατὴρ Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀρέξῃ,\nνῶϊ δὲ χαζώμεσθα, Διὸς δʼ ἀλεώμεθα μῆνιν;", "en": "Diomed then threw, and his spear sped not in vain, for it hit Phegeus on the breast near the nipple, and he fell from his chariot. Idaeus did not dare to bestride his brother’s body, but sprang from the chariot and took to flight, or he would have shared his brother’s fate; whereon Vulcan saved him by wrapping him in a cloud of darkness, that his old father might not be utterly overwhelmed with grief; but the son of Tydeus drove off with the horses, and bade his followers take them to the ships. The Trojans were scared when they saw the two sons of Dares, one of them in fright and the other lying dead by his chariot. Minerva, therefore, took Mars by the hand and said, “Mars, Mars, bane of men, blood-stained stormer of cities, may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans to fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the victory? Let us go away, and thus avoid his anger.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.35–47", "orig": "ὣς εἰποῦσα μάχης ἐξήγαγε θοῦρον Ἄρηα·\nτὸν μὲν ἔπειτα καθεῖσεν ἐπʼ ἠϊόεντι Σκαμάνδρῳ,\nΤρῶας δʼ ἔκλιναν Δαναοί· ἕλε δʼ ἄνδρα ἕκαστος\nἡγεμόνων· πρῶτος δὲ ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nἀρχὸν Ἁλιζώνων Ὀδίον μέγαν ἔκβαλε δίφρου·\nπρώτῳ γὰρ στρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν\nὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε,\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ ἄρα Φαῖστον ἐνήρατο Μῄονος υἱὸν\nΒώρου, ὃς ἐκ Τάρνης ἐριβώλακος εἰληλούθει.\nτὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ\nνύξʼ ἵππων ἐπιβησόμενον κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον·\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλε.", "en": "So saying, she drew Mars out of the battle, and set him down upon the steep banks of the Scamander. Upon this the Danaans drove the Trojans back, and each one of their chieftains killed his man. First King Agamemnon flung mighty Odius, captain of the Halizoni, from his chariot. The spear of Agamemnon caught him on the broad of his back, just as he was turning in flight; it struck him between the shoulders and went right through his chest, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground.\nThen Idomeneus killed Phaesus, son of Borus the Meonian, who had come from Varne. Mighty Idomeneus speared him on the right shoulder as he was mounting his chariot, and the darkness of death enshrouded him as he fell heavily from the car." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.48–68", "orig": "τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἰδομενῆος ἐσύλευον θεράποντες·\nυἱὸν δὲ Στροφίοιο Σκαμάνδριον αἵμονα θήρης\nἈτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἕλʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι\nἐσθλὸν θηρητῆρα· δίδαξε γὰρ Ἄρτεμις αὐτὴ\nβάλλειν ἄγρια πάντα, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη·\nἀλλʼ οὔ οἱ τότε γε χραῖσμʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα,\nοὐδὲ ἑκηβολίαι ᾗσιν τὸ πρίν γε κέκαστο·\nἀλλά μιν Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος\nπρόσθεν ἕθεν φεύγοντα μετάφρενον οὔτασε δουρὶ\nὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσεν,\nἤριπε δὲ πρηνής, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.\nΜηριόνης δὲ Φέρεκλον ἐνήρατο, τέκτονος υἱὸν\nἉρμονίδεω, ὃς χερσὶν ἐπίστατο δαίδαλα πάντα\nτεύχειν· ἔξοχα γάρ μιν ἐφίλατο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·\nὃς καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τεκτήνατο νῆας ἐΐσας\nἀρχεκάκους, αἳ πᾶσι κακὸν Τρώεσσι γένοντο\nοἷ τʼ αὐτῷ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι θεῶν ἐκ θέσφατα ᾔδη.\nτὸν μὲν Μηριόνης ὅτε δὴ κατέμαρπτε διώκων\nβεβλήκει γλουτὸν κατὰ δεξιόν· ἣ δὲ διαπρὸ\nἀντικρὺ κατὰ κύστιν ὑπʼ ὀστέον ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή·\nγνὺξ δʼ ἔριπʼ οἰμώξας, θάνατος δέ μιν ἀμφεκάλυψε.", "en": "The squires of Idomeneus spoiled him of his armour, while Menelaus, son of Atreus, killed Scamandrius the son of Strophius, a mighty huntsman and keen lover of the chase. Diana herself had taught him how to kill every kind of wild creature that is bred in mountain forests, but neither she nor his famed skill in archery could now save him, for the spear of Menelaus struck him in the back as he was flying; it struck him between the shoulders and went right through his chest, so that he fell headlong and his armour rang rattling round him.\nMeriones then killed Phereclus the son of Tecton, who was the son of Hermon, a man whose hand was skilled in all manner of cunning workmanship, for Pallas Minerva had dearly loved him. He it was that made the ships for Alexandrus, which were the beginning of all mischief, and brought evil alike both on the Trojans and on Alexandrus himself; for he heeded not the decrees of heaven. Meriones overtook him as he was flying, and struck him on the right buttock. The point of the spear went through the bone into the bladder, and death came upon him as he cried aloud and fell forward on his knees." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.69–84", "orig": "Πήδαιον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε Μέγης Ἀντήνορος υἱὸν\nὅς ῥα νόθος μὲν ἔην, πύκα δʼ ἔτρεφε δῖα Θεανὼ\nἶσα φίλοισι τέκεσσι χαριζομένη πόσεϊ ᾧ.\nτὸν μὲν Φυλεΐδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν\nβεβλήκει κεφαλῆς κατὰ ἰνίον ὀξέϊ δουρί·\nἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀνʼ ὀδόντας ὑπὸ γλῶσσαν τάμε χαλκός·\nἤριπε δʼ ἐν κονίῃ, ψυχρὸν δʼ ἕλε χαλκὸν ὀδοῦσιν.\nΕὐρύπυλος δʼ Εὐαιμονίδης Ὑψήνορα δῖον\nυἱὸν ὑπερθύμου Δολοπίονος, ὅς ῥα Σκαμάνδρου\nἀρητὴρ ἐτέτυκτο, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ,\nτὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Εὐρύπυλος, Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός,\nπρόσθεν ἕθεν φεύγοντα μεταδρομάδην ἔλασʼ ὦμον\nφασγάνῳ ἀΐξας, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔξεσε χεῖρα βαρεῖαν·\nαἱματόεσσα δὲ χεὶρ πεδίῳ πέσε· τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὄσσε\nἔλλαβε πορφύρεος θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.\nὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην·", "en": "Meges, moreover, slew Pedaeus, son of Antenor, who, though he was a bastard, had been brought up by Theano as one of her own children, for the love she bore her husband. The son of Phyleus got close up to him and drove a spear into the nape of his neck: it went under his tongue all among his teeth, so he bit the cold bronze, and fell dead in the dust.\nAnd Eurypylus, son of Euaemon, killed Hypsenor, the son of noble Dolopion, who had been made priest of the river Scamander, and was honoured among the people as though he were a god. Eurypylus gave him chase as he was flying before him, smote him with his sword upon the arm, and lopped his strong hand from off it. The bloody hand fell to the ground, and the shades of death, with fate that no man can withstand, came over his eyes." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.85–105", "orig": "Τυδεΐδην δʼ οὐκ ἂν γνοίης ποτέροισι μετείη\nἠὲ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ὁμιλέοι ἦ μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖς.\nθῦνε γὰρ ἂμ πεδίον ποταμῷ πλήθοντι ἐοικὼς\nχειμάρρῳ, ὅς τʼ ὦκα ῥέων ἐκέδασσε γεφύρας·\nτὸν δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ τε γέφυραι ἐεργμέναι ἰσχανόωσιν,\nοὔτʼ ἄρα ἕρκεα ἴσχει ἀλωάων ἐριθηλέων\nἐλθόντʼ ἐξαπίνης ὅτʼ ἐπιβρίσῃ Διὸς ὄμβρος·\nπολλὰ δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἔργα κατήριπε κάλʼ αἰζηῶν·\nὣς ὑπὸ Τυδεΐδῃ πυκιναὶ κλονέοντο φάλαγγες\nΤρώων, οὐδʼ ἄρα μιν μίμνον πολέες περ ἐόντες.\nτὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς\nθύνοντʼ ἂμ πεδίον πρὸ ἕθεν κλονέοντα φάλαγγας,\nαἶψʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδῃ ἐτιταίνετο καμπύλα τόξα,\nκαὶ βάλʼ ἐπαΐσσοντα τυχὼν κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον\nθώρηκος γύαλον· διὰ δʼ ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός,\nἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε, παλάσσετο δʼ αἵματι θώρηξ.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·\nὄρνυσθε Τρῶες μεγάθυμοι κέντορες ἵππων·\nβέβληται γὰρ ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν, οὐδέ ἕ φημι\nδήθʼ ἀνσχήσεσθαι κρατερὸν βέλος, εἰ ἐτεόν με\nὦρσεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς ἀπορνύμενον Λυκίηθεν.", "en": "Thus furiously did the battle rage between them. As for the son of Tydeus, you could not say whether he was more among the Achaeans or the Trojans. He rushed across the plain like a winter torrent that has burst its barrier in full flood; no dykes, no walls of fruitful vineyards can embank it when it is swollen with rain from heaven, but in a moment it comes tearing onward, and lays many a field waste that many a strong man’s hand has reclaimed, even so were the dense phalanxes of the Trojans driven in rout by the son of Tydeus, and many though they were, they dared not abide his onslaught.\nNow when the son of Lycaon saw him scouring the plain and driving the Trojans pell-mell before him, he aimed an arrow and hit the front part of his cuirass near the shoulder: the arrow went right through the metal and pierced the flesh, so that the cuirass was covered with blood. On this the son of Lycaon shouted in triumph, “Knights Trojans, come on; the bravest of the Achaeans is wounded, and he will not hold out much longer if King Apollo was indeed with me when I sped from Lycia hither.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.106–120", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τὸν δʼ οὐ βέλος ὠκὺ δάμασσεν,\nἀλλʼ ἀναχωρήσας πρόσθʼ ἵπποιιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν\nἔστη, καὶ Σθένελον προσέφη Καπανήϊον υἱόν·\nὄρσο πέπον Καπανηϊάδη, καταβήσεο δίφρου,\nὄφρά μοι ἐξ ὤμοιο ἐρύσσῃς πικρὸν ὀϊστόν.\nὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, Σθένελος δὲ καθʼ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,\nπὰρ δὲ στὰς βέλος ὠκὺ διαμπερὲς ἐξέρυσʼ ὤμου·\nαἷμα δʼ ἀνηκόντιζε διὰ στρεπτοῖο χιτῶνος.\nδὴ τότʼ ἔπειτʼ ἠρᾶτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nκλῦθί μευ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη,\nεἴ ποτέ μοι καὶ πατρὶ φίλα φρονέουσα παρέστης\nδηΐῳ ἐν πολέμῳ, νῦν αὖτʼ ἐμὲ φῖλαι Ἀθήνη·\nδὸς δέ τέ μʼ ἄνδρα ἑλεῖν καὶ ἐς ὁρμὴν ἔγχεος ἐλθεῖν\nὅς μʼ ἔβαλε φθάμενος καὶ ἐπεύχεται, οὐδέ μέ φησι\nδηρὸν ἔτʼ ὄψεσθαι λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο.", "en": "Thus did he vaunt; but his arrow had not killed Diomed, who withdrew and made for the chariot and horses of Sthenelus, the son of Capaneus. “Dear son of Capaneus,” said he, “come down from your chariot, and draw the arrow out of my shoulder.”\nSthenelus sprang from his chariot, and drew the arrow from the wound, whereon the blood came spouting out through the hole that had been made in his shirt. Then Diomed prayed, saying, “Hear me, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, if ever you loved my father well and stood by him in the thick of a fight, do the like now by me; grant me to come within a spear’s throw of that man and kill him. He has been too quick for me and has wounded me; and now he is boasting that I shall not see the light of the sun much longer.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.121–138", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,\nγυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρά, πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν·\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nθαρσῶν νῦν Διόμηδες ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·\nἐν γάρ τοι στήθεσσι μένος πατρώϊον ἧκα\nἄτρομον, οἷον ἔχεσκε σακέσπαλος ἱππότα Τυδεύς·\nἀχλὺν δʼ αὖ τοι ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἕλον ἣ πρὶν ἐπῆεν,\nὄφρʼ εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα.\nτὼ νῦν αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδʼ ἵκηται\nμή τι σύ γʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖς ἀντικρὺ μάχεσθαι\nτοῖς ἄλλοις· ἀτὰρ εἴ κε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη\nἔλθῃσʼ ἐς πόλεμον, τήν γʼ οὐτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.\nἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,\nΤυδεΐδης δʼ ἐξαῦτις ἰὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη\nκαὶ πρίν περ θυμῷ μεμαὼς Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·\nδὴ τότε μιν τρὶς τόσσον ἕλεν μένος ὥς τε λέοντα\nὅν ῥά τε ποιμὴν ἀγρῷ ἐπʼ εἰροπόκοις ὀΐεσσι\nχραύσῃ μέν τʼ αὐλῆς ὑπεράλμενον οὐδὲ δαμάσσῃ·", "en": "Thus he prayed, and Pallas Minerva heard him; she made his limbs supple and quickened his hands and his feet. Then she went up close to him and said, “Fear not, Diomed, to do battle with the Trojans, for I have set in your heart the spirit of your knightly father Tydeus. Moreover, I have withdrawn the veil from your eyes, that you know gods and men apart. If, then, any other god comes here and offers you battle, do not fight him; but should Jove’s daughter Venus come, strike her with your spear and wound her.”\nWhen she had said this Minerva went away, and the son of Tydeus again took his place among the foremost fighters, three times more fierce even than he had been before. He was like a lion that some mountain shepherd has wounded, but not killed, as he is springing over the wall of a sheep-yard to attack the sheep." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.139–158", "orig": "τοῦ μέν τε σθένος ὦρσεν, ἔπειτα δέ τʼ οὐ προσαμύνει,\nἀλλὰ κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται, τὰ δʼ ἐρῆμα φοβεῖται·\nαἳ μέν τʼ ἀγχιστῖναι ἐπʼ ἀλλήλῃσι κέχυνται,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ ἐμμεμαὼς βαθέης ἐξάλλεται αὐλῆς·\nὣς μεμαὼς Τρώεσσι μίγη κρατερὸς Διομήδης.\nἔνθʼ ἕλεν Ἀστύνοον καὶ Ὑπείρονα ποιμένα λαῶν,\nτὸν μὲν ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο βαλὼν χαλκήρεϊ δουρί,\nτὸν δʼ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρʼ ὦμον\nπλῆξʼ, ἀπὸ δʼ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδʼ ἀπὸ νώτου.\nτοὺς μὲν ἔασʼ, ὃ δʼ Ἄβαντα μετῴχετο καὶ Πολύειδον\nυἱέας Εὐρυδάμαντος ὀνειροπόλοιο γέροντος·\nτοῖς οὐκ ἐρχομένοις ὃ γέρων ἐκρίνατʼ ὀνείρους,\nἀλλά σφεας κρατερὸς Διομήδης ἐξενάριξε·\nβῆ δὲ μετὰ Ξάνθόν τε Θόωνά τε Φαίνοπος υἷε\nἄμφω τηλυγέτω· ὃ δὲ τείρετο γήραϊ λυγρῷ,\nυἱὸν δʼ οὐ τέκετʼ ἄλλον ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσι λιπέσθαι.\nἔνθʼ ὅ γε τοὺς ἐνάριζε, φίλον δʼ ἐξαίνυτο θυμὸν\nἀμφοτέρω, πατέρι δὲ γόον καὶ κήδεα λυγρὰ\nλεῖπʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐ ζώοντε μάχης ἐκνοστήσαντε\nδέξατο· χηρωσταὶ δὲ διὰ κτῆσιν δατέοντο.", "en": "The shepherd has roused the brute to fury but cannot defend his flock, so he takes shelter under cover of the buildings, while the sheep, panic-stricken on being deserted, are smothered in heaps one on top of the other, and the angry lion leaps out over the sheep-yard wall. Even thus did Diomed go furiously about among the Trojans.\nHe killed Astynous, and Hypeiron shepherd of his people, the one with a thrust of his spear, which struck him above the nipple, the other with a sword-cut on the collar-bone, that severed his shoulder from his neck and back. He let both of them lie, and went in pursuit of Abas and Polyidus, sons of the old reader of dreams Eurydamas: they never came back for him to read them any more dreams, for mighty Diomed made an end of them. He then gave chase to Xanthus and Thoon, the two sons of Phaenops, both of them very dear to him, for he was now worn out with age, and begat no more sons to inherit his possessions. But Diomed took both their lives and left their father sorrowing bitterly, for he nevermore saw them come home from battle alive, and his kinsmen divided his wealth among themselves." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.159–178", "orig": "ἔνθʼ υἷας Πριάμοιο δύω λάβε Δαρδανίδαο\nεἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντας Ἐχέμμονά τε Χρομίον τε.\nὡς δὲ λέων ἐν βουσὶ θορὼν ἐξ αὐχένα ἄξῃ\nπόρτιος ἠὲ βοὸς ξύλοχον κάτα βοσκομενάων,\nὣς τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους ἐξ ἵππων Τυδέος υἱὸς\nβῆσε κακῶς ἀέκοντας, ἔπειτα δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα·\nἵππους δʼ οἷς ἑτάροισι δίδου μετὰ νῆας ἐλαύνειν.\nτὸν δʼ ἴδεν Αἰνείας ἀλαπάζοντα στίχας ἀνδρῶν,\nβῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἄν τε μάχην καὶ ἀνὰ κλόνον ἐγχειάων\nΠάνδαρον ἀντίθεον διζήμενος εἴ που ἐφεύροι·\nεὗρε Λυκάονος υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε,\nστῆ δὲ πρόσθʼ αὐτοῖο ἔπος τέ μιν ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nΠάνδαρε ποῦ τοι τόξον ἰδὲ πτερόεντες ὀϊστοὶ\nκαὶ κλέος; ᾧ οὔ τίς τοι ἐρίζεται ἐνθάδε γʼ ἀνήρ,\nοὐδέ τις ἐν Λυκίῃ σέο γʼ εὔχεται εἶναι ἀμείνων.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε τῷδʼ ἔφες ἀνδρὶ βέλος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν\nὅς τις ὅδε κρατέει καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε\nΤρῶας, ἐπεὶ πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν·\nεἰ μή τις θεός ἐστι κοτεσσάμενος Τρώεσσιν\nἱρῶν μηνίσας· χαλεπὴ δὲ θεοῦ ἔπι μῆνις.", "en": "Then he came upon two sons of Priam, Echemmon and Chromius, as they were both in one chariot. He sprang upon them as a lion fastens on the neck of some cow or heifer when the herd is feeding in a coppice. For all their vain struggles he flung them both from their chariot and stripped the armour from their bodies. Then he gave their horses to his comrades to take them back to the ships.\nWhen Aeneas saw him thus making havoc among the ranks, he went through the fight amid the rain of spears to see if he could find Pandarus. When he had found the brave son of Lycaon he said, “Pandarus, where is now your bow, your winged arrows, and your renown as an archer, in respect of which no man here can rival you nor is there any in Lycia that can beat you? Lift then your hands to Jove and send an arrow at this fellow who is going so masterfully about, and has done such deadly work among the Trojans. He has killed many a brave man, unless indeed he is some god who is angry with the Trojans about their sacrifices, and has set his hand against them in his displeasure.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.179–198", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·\nΑἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων\nΤυδεΐδῃ μιν ἔγωγε δαΐφρονι πάντα ἐΐσκω,\nἀσπίδι γιγνώσκων αὐλώπιδί τε τρυφαλείῃ,\nἵππους τʼ εἰσορόων· σάφα δʼ οὐκ οἶδʼ εἰ θεός ἐστιν.\nεἰ δʼ ὅ γʼ ἀνὴρ ὅν φημι δαΐφρων Τυδέος υἱὸς\nοὐχ ὅ γʼ ἄνευθε θεοῦ τάδε μαίνεται, ἀλλά τις ἄγχι\nἕστηκʼ ἀθανάτων νεφέλῃ εἰλυμένος ὤμους,\nὃς τούτου βέλος ὠκὺ κιχήμενον ἔτραπεν ἄλλῃ.\nἤδη γάρ οἱ ἐφῆκα βέλος, καί μιν βάλον ὦμον\nδεξιὸν ἀντικρὺ διὰ θώρηκος γυάλοιο·\nκαί μιν ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην Ἀϊδωνῆϊ προϊάψειν,\nἔμπης δʼ οὐκ ἐδάμασσα· θεός νύ τίς ἐστι κοτήεις.\nἵπποι δʼ οὐ παρέασι καὶ ἅρματα τῶν κʼ ἐπιβαίην·\nἀλλά που ἐν μεγάροισι Λυκάονος ἕνδεκα δίφροι\nκαλοὶ πρωτοπαγεῖς νεοτευχέες· ἀμφὶ δὲ πέπλοι\nπέπτανται· παρὰ δέ σφιν ἑκάστῳ δίζυγες ἵπποι\nἑστᾶσι κρῖ λευκὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι καὶ ὀλύρας.\nἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλὰ γέρων αἰχμητὰ Λυκάων\nἐρχομένῳ ἐπέτελλε δόμοις ἔνι ποιητοῖσιν·", "en": "And the son of Lycaon answered, “Aeneas, I take him for none other than the son of Tydeus. I know him by his shield, the visor of his helmet, and by his horses. It is possible that he may be a god, but if he is the man I say he is, he is not making all this havoc without heaven’s help, but has some god by his side who is shrouded in a cloud of darkness, and who turned my arrow aside when it had hit him. I have taken aim at him already and hit him on the right shoulder; my arrow went through the breast-piece of his cuirass; and I made sure I should send him hurrying to the world below, but it seems that I have not killed him. There must be a god who is angry with me. Moreover I have neither horse nor chariot. In my father’s stables there are eleven excellent chariots, fresh from the builder, quite new, with cloths spread over them; and by each of them there stand a pair of horses, champing barley and rye; my old father Lycaon urged me again and again when I was at home and on the point of starting, to take chariots and horses with me that I might lead the Trojans in battle, but I would not listen to him;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.199–217", "orig": "ἵπποισίν μʼ ἐκέλευε καὶ ἅρμασιν ἐμβεβαῶτα\nἀρχεύειν Τρώεσσι κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας·\nἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐ πιθόμην· ἦ τʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν·\nἵππων φειδόμενος, μή μοι δευοίατο φορβῆς\nἀνδρῶν εἰλομένων εἰωθότες ἔδμεναι ἄδην.\nὣς λίπον, αὐτὰρ πεζὸς ἐς Ἴλιον εἰλήλουθα\nτόξοισιν πίσυνος· τὰ δέ μʼ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ὀνήσειν.\nἤδη γὰρ δοιοῖσιν ἀριστήεσσιν ἐφῆκα\nΤυδεΐδῃ τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδῃ, ἐκ δʼ ἀμφοτέροιιν\nἀτρεκὲς αἷμʼ ἔσσευα βαλών, ἤγειρα δὲ μᾶλλον.\nτώ ῥα κακῇ αἴσῃ ἀπὸ πασσάλου ἀγκύλα τόξα\nἤματι τῷ ἑλόμην ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰς ἐρατεινὴν\nἡγεόμην Τρώεσσι φέρων χάριν Ἕκτορι δίῳ.\nεἰ δέ κε νοστήσω καὶ ἐσόψομαι ὀφθαλμοῖσι\nπατρίδʼ ἐμὴν ἄλοχόν τε καὶ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα,\nαὐτίκʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπʼ ἐμεῖο κάρη τάμοι ἀλλότριος φὼς\nεἰ μὴ ἐγὼ τάδε τόξα φαεινῷ ἐν πυρὶ θείην\nχερσὶ διακλάσσας· ἀνεμώλια γάρ μοι ὀπηδεῖ.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας Τρώων ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·", "en": "it would have been much better if I had done so, but I was thinking about the horses, which had been used to eat their fill, and I was afraid that in such a great gathering of men they might be ill-fed, so I left them at home and came on foot to Ilius armed only with my bow and arrows. These it seems, are of no use, for I have already hit two chieftains, the sons of Atreus and of Tydeus, and though I drew blood surely enough, I have only made them still more furious. I did ill to take my bow down from its peg on the day I led my band of Trojans to Ilius in Hector’s service, and if ever I get home again to set eyes on my native place, my wife, and the greatness of my house, may some one cut my head off then and there if I do not break the bow and set it on a hot fire, such pranks as it plays me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.218–238", "orig": "μὴ δʼ οὕτως ἀγόρευε· πάρος δʼ οὐκ ἔσσεται ἄλλως,\nπρίν γʼ ἐπὶ νὼ τῷδʼ ἀνδρὶ σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν\nἀντιβίην ἐλθόντε σὺν ἔντεσι πειρηθῆναι.\nἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐμῶν ὀχέων ἐπιβήσεο, ὄφρα ἴδηαι\nοἷοι Τρώϊοι ἵπποι ἐπιστάμενοι πεδίοιο\nκραιπνὰ μάλʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα διωκέμεν ἠδὲ φέβεσθαι·\nτὼ καὶ νῶϊ πόλιν δὲ σαώσετον, εἴ περ ἂν αὖτε\nΖεὺς ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ κῦδος ὀρέξῃ.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα\nδέξαι, ἐγὼ δʼ ἵππων ἀποβήσομαι ὄφρα μάχωμαι·\nἠὲ σὺ τόνδε δέδεξο, μελήσουσιν δʼ ἐμοὶ ἵπποι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·\nΑἰνεία σὺ μὲν αὐτὸς ἔχʼ ἡνία καὶ τεὼ ἵππω·\nμᾶλλον ὑφʼ ἡνιόχῳ εἰωθότι καμπύλον ἅρμα\nοἴσετον, εἴ περ ἂν αὖτε φεβώμεθα Τυδέος υἱόν·\nμὴ τὼ μὲν δείσαντε ματήσετον, οὐδʼ ἐθέλητον\nἐκφερέμεν πολέμοιο τεὸν φθόγγον ποθέοντε,\nνῶϊ δʼ ἐπαΐξας μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὸς\nαὐτώ τε κτείνῃ καὶ ἐλάσσῃ μώνυχας ἵππους.\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αὐτὸς ἔλαυνε τέʼ ἅρματα καὶ τεὼ ἵππω,\nτὸν δὲ δʼ ἐγὼν ἐπιόντα δεδέξομαι ὀξέϊ δουρί.", "en": "Aeneas answered, “Say no more. Things will not mend till we two go against this man with chariot and horses and bring him to a trial of arms. Mount my chariot, and note how cleverly the horses of Tros can speed hither and thither over the plain in pursuit or flight. If Jove again vouchsafes glory to the son of Tydeus they will carry us safely back to the city. Take hold, then, of the whip and reins while I stand upon the car to fight, or else do you wait this man’s onset while I look after the horses.”\n“Aeneas,” replied the son of Lycaon, “take the reins and drive; if we have to fly before the son of Tydeus the horses will go better for their own driver. If they miss the sound of your voice when they expect it they may be frightened, and refuse to take us out of the fight. The son of Tydeus will then kill both of us and take the horses. Therefore drive them yourself and I will be ready for him with my spear.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.239–259", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντες ἐς ἅρματα ποικίλα βάντες\nἐμμεμαῶτʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδῃ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους.\nτοὺς δὲ ἴδε Σθένελος Καπανήϊος ἀγλαὸς υἱός,\nαἶψα δὲ Τυδεΐδην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΤυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ,\nἄνδρʼ ὁρόω κρατερὼ ἐπὶ σοὶ μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι\nἶνʼ ἀπέλεθρον ἔχοντας· ὃ μὲν τόξων ἐῢ εἰδὼς\nΠάνδαρος, υἱὸς δʼ αὖτε Λυκάονος εὔχεται εἶναι·\nΑἰνείας δʼ υἱὸς μὲν ἀμύμονος Ἀγχίσαο\nεὔχεται ἐκγεγάμεν, μήτηρ δέ οἵ ἐστʼ Ἀφροδίτη.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ χαζώμεθʼ ἐφʼ ἵππων, μηδέ μοι οὕτω\nθῦνε διὰ προμάχων, μή πως φίλον ἦτορ ὀλέσσῃς.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nμή τι φόβον δʼ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ σὲ πεισέμεν οἴω.\nοὐ γάρ μοι γενναῖον ἀλυσκάζοντι μάχεσθαι\nοὐδὲ καταπτώσσειν· ἔτι μοι μένος ἔμπεδόν ἐστιν·\nὀκνείω δʼ ἵππων ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὔτως\nἀντίον εἶμʼ αὐτῶν· τρεῖν μʼ οὐκ ἐᾷ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.\nτούτω δʼ οὐ πάλιν αὖτις ἀποίσετον ὠκέες ἵπποι\nἄμφω ἀφʼ ἡμείων, εἴ γʼ οὖν ἕτερός γε φύγῃσιν.\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·", "en": "They then mounted the chariot and drove full speed towards the son of Tydeus. Sthenelus, son of Capaneus, saw them coming and said to Diomed, “Diomed, son of Tydeus, man after my own heart, I see two heroes speeding towards you, both of them men of might the one a skilful archer, Pandarus son of Lycaon, the other, Aeneas, whose sire is Anchises, while his mother is Venus. Mount the chariot and let us retreat. Do not, I pray you, press so furiously forward, or you may get killed.”\nDiomed looked angrily at him and answered: “Talk not of flight, for I shall not listen to you: I am of a race that knows neither flight nor fear, and my limbs are as yet unwearied. I am in no mind to mount, but will go against them even as I am; Pallas Minerva bids me be afraid of no man, and even though one of them escape, their steeds shall not take both back again." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.260–279", "orig": "αἴ κέν μοι πολύβουλος Ἀθήνη κῦδος ὀρέξῃ\nἀμφοτέρω κτεῖναι, σὺ δὲ τούσδε μὲν ὠκέας ἵππους\nαὐτοῦ ἐρυκακέειν ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας,\nΑἰνείαο δʼ ἐπαΐξαι μεμνημένος ἵππων,\nἐκ δʼ ἐλάσαι Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.\nτῆς γάρ τοι γενεῆς ἧς Τρωΐ περ εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nδῶχʼ υἷος ποινὴν Γανυμήδεος, οὕνεκʼ ἄριστοι\nἵππων ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπʼ ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε,\nτῆς γενεῆς ἔκλεψεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγχίσης\nλάθρῃ Λαομέδοντος ὑποσχὼν θήλεας ἵππους·\nτῶν οἱ ἓξ ἐγένοντο ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γενέθλη.\nτοὺς μὲν τέσσαρας αὐτὸς ἔχων ἀτίταλλʼ ἐπὶ φάτνῃ,\nτὼ δὲ δύʼ Αἰνείᾳ δῶκεν μήστωρε φόβοιο.\nεἰ τούτω κε λάβοιμεν, ἀροίμεθά κε κλέος ἐσθλόν.\nὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,\nτὼ δὲ τάχʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθον ἐλαύνοντʼ ὠκέας ἵππους.\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·\nκαρτερόθυμε δαΐφρον ἀγαυοῦ Τυδέος υἱὲ\nἦ μάλα σʼ οὐ βέλος ὠκὺ δαμάσσατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός·\nνῦν αὖτʼ ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι αἴ κε τύχωμι.", "en": "I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, if Minerva sees fit to vouchsafe me the glory of killing both, stay your horses here and make the reins fast to the rim of the chariot; then be sure you spring Aeneas’ horses and drive them from the Trojan to the Achaean ranks. They are of the stock that great Jove gave to Tros in payment for his son Ganymede, and are the finest that live and move under the sun. King Anchises stole the blood by putting his mares to them without Laomedon’s knowledge, and they bore him six foals. Four are still in his stables, but he gave the other two to Aeneas. We shall win great glory if we can take them.”\nThus did they converse, but the other two had now driven close up to them, and the son of Lycaon spoke first. “Great and mighty son,” said he, “of noble Tydeus, my arrow failed to lay you low, so I will now try with my spear.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.280–296", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος\nκαὶ βάλε Τυδεΐδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα· τῆς δὲ διὰ πρὸ\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη πταμένη θώρηκι πελάσθη·\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε Λυκάονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·\nβέβληαι κενεῶνα διαμπερές, οὐδέ σʼ ὀΐω\nδηρὸν ἔτʼ ἀνσχήσεσθαι· ἐμοὶ δὲ μέγʼ εὖχος ἔδωκας.\nτὸν δʼ οὐ ταρβήσας προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nἤμβροτες οὐδʼ ἔτυχες· ἀτὰρ οὐ μὲν σφῶΐ γʼ ὀΐω\nπρίν γʼ ἀποπαύσεσθαι πρίν γʼ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα\nαἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα, ταλαύρινον πολεμιστήν.\nὣς φάμενος προέηκε· βέλος δʼ ἴθυνεν Ἀθήνη\nῥῖνα παρʼ ὀφθαλμόν, λευκοὺς δʼ ἐπέρησεν ὀδόντας.\nτοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν γλῶσσαν πρυμνὴν τάμε χαλκὸς ἀτειρής,\nαἰχμὴ δʼ ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα·\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ\nαἰόλα παμφανόωντα, παρέτρεσσαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε.", "en": "He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it from him. It struck the shield of the son of Tydeus; the bronze point pierced it and passed on till it reached the breastplate. Thereon the son of Lycaon shouted out and said, “You are hit clean through the belly; you will not stand out for long, and the glory of the fight is mine.”\nBut Diomed all undismayed made answer, “You have missed, not hit, and before you two see the end of this matter one or other of you shall glut tough-shielded Mars with his blood.”\nWith this he hurled his spear, and Minerva guided it on to Pandarus’s nose near the eye. It went crashing in among his white teeth; the bronze point cut through the root of his tongue, coming out under his chin, and his glistening armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. The horses started aside for fear, and he was reft of life and strength." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.297–317", "orig": "Αἰνείας δʼ ἀπόρουσε σὺν ἀσπίδι δουρί τε μακρῷ\nδείσας μή πώς οἱ ἐρυσαίατο νεκρὸν Ἀχαιοί.\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ βαῖνε λέων ὣς ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,\nπρόσθε δέ οἱ δόρυ τʼ ἔσχε καὶ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,\nτὸν κτάμεναι μεμαὼς ὅς τις τοῦ γʼ ἀντίος ἔλθοι\nσμερδαλέα ἰάχων· ὃ δὲ χερμάδιον λάβε χειρὶ\nΤυδεΐδης μέγα ἔργον ὃ οὐ δύο γʼ ἄνδρε φέροιεν,\nοἷοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσʼ· ὃ δέ μιν ῥέα πάλλε καὶ οἶος.\nτῷ βάλεν Αἰνείαο κατʼ ἰσχίον ἔνθά τε μηρὸς\nἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται, κοτύλην δέ τέ μιν καλέουσι·\nθλάσσε δέ οἱ κοτύλην, πρὸς δʼ ἄμφω ῥῆξε τένοντε·\nὦσε δʼ ἀπὸ ῥινὸν τρηχὺς λίθος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως\nἔστη γνὺξ ἐριπὼν καὶ ἐρείσατο χειρὶ παχείῃ\nγαίης· ἀμφὶ δὲ ὄσσε κελαινὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψε.\nκαί νύ κεν ἔνθʼ ἀπόλοιτο ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Αἰνείας,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη\nμήτηρ, ἥ μιν ὑπʼ Ἀγχίσῃ τέκε βουκολέοντι·\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ἐχεύατο πήχεε λευκώ,\nπρόσθε δέ οἱ πέπλοιο φαεινοῦ πτύγμα κάλυψεν\nἕρκος ἔμεν βελέων, μή τις Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων\nχαλκὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι βαλὼν ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.", "en": "Aeneas sprang from his chariot armed with shield and spear, fearing lest the Achaeans should carry off the body. He bestrode it as a lion in the pride of strength, with shield and spear before him and a cry of battle on his lips resolute to kill the first that should dare face him. But the son of Tydeus caught up a mighty stone, so huge and great that as men now are it would take two to lift it; nevertheless he bore it aloft with ease unaided, and with this he struck Aeneas on the groin where the hip turns in the joint that is called the “cup-bone.” The stone crushed this joint, and broke both the sinews, while its jagged edges tore away all the flesh. The hero fell on his knees, and propped himself with his hand resting on the ground till the darkness of night fell upon his eyes. And now Aeneas, king of men, would have perished then and there, had not his mother, Jove’s daughter Venus, who had conceived him by Anchises when he was herding cattle, been quick to mark, and thrown her two white arms about the body of her dear son. She protected him by covering him with a fold of her own fair garment, lest some Danaan should drive a spear into his breast and kill him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.318–329", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ὑπεξέφερεν πολέμοιο·\nοὐδʼ υἱὸς Καπανῆος ἐλήθετο συνθεσιάων\nτάων ἃς ἐπέτελλε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε τοὺς μὲν ἑοὺς ἠρύκακε μώνυχας ἵππους\nνόσφιν ἀπὸ φλοίσβου ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας,\nΑἰνείαο δʼ ἐπαΐξας καλλίτριχας ἵππους\nἐξέλασε Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.\nδῶκε δὲ Δηϊπύλῳ ἑτάρῳ φίλῳ, ὃν περὶ πάσης\nτῖεν ὁμηλικίης ὅτι οἱ φρεσὶν ἄρτια ᾔδη,\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως\nὧν ἵππων ἐπιβὰς ἔλαβʼ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,\nαἶψα δὲ Τυδεΐδην μέθεπε κρατερώνυχας ἵππους", "en": "Thus, then, did she bear her dear son out of the fight. But the son of Capaneus was not unmindful of the orders that Diomed had given him. He made his own horses fast, away from the hurly-burly, by binding the reins to the rim of the chariot. Then he sprang upon Aeneas’s horses and drove them from the Trojan to the Achaean ranks. When he had so done he gave them over to his chosen comrade Deipylus, whom he valued above all others as the one who was most like-minded with himself, to take them on to the ships. He then remounted his own chariot, seized the reins, and drove with all speed in search of the son of Tydeus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.330–343", "orig": "ἐμμεμαώς· ὃ δὲ Κύπριν ἐπῴχετο νηλέϊ χαλκῷ\nγιγνώσκων ὅ τʼ ἄναλκις ἔην θεός, οὐδὲ θεάων\nτάων αἵ τʼ ἀνδρῶν πόλεμον κάτα κοιρανέουσιν,\nοὔτʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίη οὔτε πτολίπορθος Ἐνυώ.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκίχανε πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀπάζων,\nἔνθʼ ἐπορεξάμενος μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὸς\nἄκρην οὔτασε χεῖρα μετάλμενος ὀξέϊ δουρὶ\nἀβληχρήν· εἶθαρ δὲ δόρυ χροὸς ἀντετόρησεν\nἀμβροσίου διὰ πέπλου, ὅν οἱ Χάριτες κάμον αὐταί,\nπρυμνὸν ὕπερ θέναρος· ῥέε δʼ ἄμβροτον αἷμα θεοῖο\nἰχώρ, οἷός πέρ τε ῥέει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν·\nοὐ γὰρ σῖτον ἔδουσʼ, οὐ πίνουσʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον,\nτοὔνεκʼ ἀναίμονές εἰσι καὶ ἀθάνατοι καλέονται.\nἣ δὲ μέγα ἰάχουσα ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν·", "en": "Now the son of Tydeus was in pursuit of the Cyprian goddess, spear in hand, for he knew her to be feeble and not one of those goddesses that can lord it among men in battle like Minerva or Enyo the waster of cities, and when at last after a long chase he caught her up, he flew at her and thrust his spear into the flesh of her delicate hand. The point tore through the ambrosial robe which the Graces had woven for her, and pierced the skin between her wrist and the palm of her hand, so that the immortal blood, or ichor, that flows in the veins of the blessed gods, came pouring from the wound; for the gods do not eat bread nor drink wine, hence they have no blood such as ours, and are immortal." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.344–362", "orig": "καὶ τὸν μὲν μετὰ χερσὶν ἐρύσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nκυανέῃ νεφέλῃ, μή τις Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων\nχαλκὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι βαλὼν ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο·\nτῇ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nεἶκε Διὸς θύγατερ πολέμου καὶ δηϊοτῆτος·\nἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὅττι γυναῖκας ἀνάλκιδας ἠπεροπεύεις;\nεἰ δὲ σύ γʼ ἐς πόλεμον πωλήσεαι, ἦ τέ σʼ ὀΐω\nῥιγήσειν πόλεμόν γε καὶ εἴ χʼ ἑτέρωθι πύθηαι.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἣ δʼ ἀλύουσʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τείρετο δʼ αἰνῶς·\nτὴν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἶρις ἑλοῦσα ποδήνεμος ἔξαγʼ ὁμίλου\nἀχθομένην ὀδύνῃσι, μελαίνετο δὲ χρόα καλόν.\nεὗρεν ἔπειτα μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ θοῦρον Ἄρηα\nἥμενον· ἠέρι δʼ ἔγχος ἐκέκλιτο καὶ ταχέʼ ἵππω·\nἣ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριποῦσα κασιγνήτοιο φίλοιο\nπολλὰ λισσομένη χρυσάμπυκας ᾔτεεν ἵππους·\nφίλε κασίγνητε κόμισαί τέ με δός τέ μοι ἵππους,\nὄφρʼ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἵκωμαι ἵνʼ ἀθανάτων ἕδος ἐστί.\nλίην ἄχθομαι ἕλκος ὅ με βροτὸς οὔτασεν ἀνὴρ\nΤυδεΐδης, ὃς νῦν γε καὶ ἂν Διὶ πατρὶ μάχοιτο.", "en": "Venus screamed aloud, and let her son fall, but Phoebus Apollo caught him in his arms, and hid him in a cloud of darkness, lest some Danaan should drive a spear into his breast and kill him; and Diomed shouted out as he left her, “Daughter of Jove, leave war and battle alone, can you not be contented with beguiling silly women? If you meddle with fighting you will get what will make you shudder at the very name of war.”\nThe goddess went dazed and discomfited away, and Iris, fleet as the wind, drew her from the throng, in pain and with her fair skin all besmirched. She found fierce Mars waiting on the left of the battle, with his spear and his two fleet steeds resting on a cloud; whereon she fell on her knees before her brother and implored him to let her have his horses. “Dear brother,” she cried, “save me, and give me your horses to take me to Olympus where the gods dwell. I am badly wounded by a mortal, the son of Tydeus, who would now fight even with father Jove.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.363–380", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῇ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἄρης δῶκε χρυσάμπυκας ἵππους·\nἣ δʼ ἐς δίφρον ἔβαινεν ἀκηχεμένη φίλον ἦτορ,\nπὰρ δέ οἱ Ἶρις ἔβαινε καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσί,\nμάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην.\nαἶψα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἵκοντο θεῶν ἕδος αἰπὺν Ὄλυμπον·\nἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις\nλύσασʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δʼ ἀμβρόσιον βάλεν εἶδαρ·\nἣ δʼ ἐν γούνασι πῖπτε Διώνης δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη\nμητρὸς ἑῆς· ἣ δʼ ἀγκὰς ἐλάζετο θυγατέρα ἥν,\nχειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἐκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτίς νύ σε τοιάδʼ ἔρεξε φίλον τέκος Οὐρανιώνων\nμαψιδίως, ὡς εἴ τι κακὸν ῥέζουσαν ἐνωπῇ;\nτὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα φιλομμειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη·\nοὖτά με Τυδέος υἱὸς ὑπέρθυμος Διομήδης,\nοὕνεκʼ ἐγὼ φίλον υἱὸν ὑπεξέφερον πολέμοιο\nΑἰνείαν, ὃς ἐμοὶ πάντων πολὺ φίλτατός ἐστιν.\nοὐ γὰρ ἔτι Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπις αἰνή,\nἀλλʼ ἤδη Δαναοί γε καὶ ἀθανάτοισι μάχονται.", "en": "Thus she spoke, and Mars gave her his gold-bedizened steeds. She mounted the chariot sick and sorry at heart, while Iris sat beside her and took the reins in her hand. She lashed her horses on and they flew forward nothing loth, till in a trice they were at high Olympus, where the gods have their dwelling. There she stayed them, unloosed them from the chariot, and gave them their ambrosial forage; but Venus flung herself on to the lap of her mother Dione, who threw her arms about her and caressed her, saying, “Which of the heavenly beings has been treating you in this way, as though you had been doing something wrong in the face of day?”\nAnd laughter-loving Venus answered, “Proud Diomed, the son of Tydeus, wounded me because I was bearing my dear son Aeneas, whom I love best of all mankind, out of the fight. The war is no longer one between Trojans and Achaeans, for the Danaans have now taken to fighting with the immortals.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.381–397", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Διώνη, δῖα θεάων·\nτέτλαθι τέκνον ἐμόν, καὶ ἀνάσχεο κηδομένη περ·\nπολλοὶ γὰρ δὴ τλῆμεν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες\nἐξ ἀνδρῶν χαλέπʼ ἄλγεʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι τιθέντες.\nτλῆ μὲν Ἄρης ὅτε μιν Ὦτος κρατερός τʼ Ἐφιάλτης\nπαῖδες Ἀλωῆος, δῆσαν κρατερῷ ἐνὶ δεσμῷ·\nχαλκέῳ δʼ ἐν κεράμῳ δέδετο τρισκαίδεκα μῆνας·\nκαί νύ κεν ἔνθʼ ἀπόλοιτο Ἄρης ἆτος πολέμοιο,\nεἰ μὴ μητρυιὴ περικαλλὴς Ἠερίβοια\nἙρμέᾳ ἐξήγγειλεν· ὃ δʼ ἐξέκλεψεν Ἄρηα\nἤδη τειρόμενον, χαλεπὸς δέ ἑ δεσμὸς ἐδάμνα.\nτλῆ δʼ Ἥρη, ὅτε μιν κρατερὸς πάϊς Ἀμφιτρύωνος\nδεξιτερὸν κατὰ μαζὸν ὀϊστῷ τριγλώχινι\nβεβλήκει· τότε καί μιν ἀνήκεστον λάβεν ἄλγος.\nτλῆ δʼ Ἀΐδης ἐν τοῖσι πελώριος ὠκὺν ὀϊστόν,\nεὖτέ μιν ωὐτὸς ἀνὴρ υἱὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο\nἐν Πύλῳ ἐν νεκύεσσι βαλὼν ὀδύνῃσιν ἔδωκεν·", "en": "“Bear it, my child,” replied Dione, “and make the best of it. We dwellers in Olympus have to put up with much at the hands of men, and we lay much suffering on one another. Mars had to suffer when Otus and Ephialtes, children of Aloeus, bound him in cruel bonds, so that he lay thirteen months imprisoned in a vessel of bronze. Mars would have then perished had not fair Eeriboea, stepmother to the sons of Aloeus, told Mercury, who stole him away when he was already well-nigh worn out by the severity of his bondage. Juno, again, suffered when the mighty son of Amphitryon wounded her on the right breast with a three-barbed arrow, and nothing could assuage her pain. So, also, did huge Hades, when this same man, the son of aegis-bearing Jove, hit him with an arrow even at the gates of hell, and hurt him badly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.398–415", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς καὶ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον\nκῆρ ἀχέων ὀδύνῃσι πεπαρμένος· αὐτὰρ ὀϊστὸς\nὤμῳ ἔνι στιβαρῷ ἠλήλατο, κῆδε δὲ θυμόν.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Παιήων ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων\nἠκέσατʼ· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι καταθνητός γε τέτυκτο.\nσχέτλιος ὀβριμοεργὸς ὃς οὐκ ὄθετʼ αἴσυλα ῥέζων,\nὃς τόξοισιν ἔκηδε θεοὺς οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι.\nσοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ τοῦτον ἀνῆκε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nνήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ οἶδε κατὰ φρένα Τυδέος υἱὸς\nὅττι μάλʼ οὐ δηναιὸς ὃς ἀθανάτοισι μάχηται,\nοὐδέ τί μιν παῖδες ποτὶ γούνασι παππάζουσιν\nἐλθόντʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος.\nτὼ νῦν Τυδεΐδης, εἰ καὶ μάλα καρτερός ἐστι,\nφραζέσθω μή τίς οἱ ἀμείνων σεῖο μάχηται,\nμὴ δὴν Αἰγιάλεια περίφρων Ἀδρηστίνη\nἐξ ὕπνου γοόωσα φίλους οἰκῆας ἐγείρῃ\nκουρίδιον ποθέουσα πόσιν τὸν ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν\nἰφθίμη ἄλοχος Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο.", "en": "Thereon Hades went to the house of Jove on great Olympus, angry and full of pain; and the arrow in his brawny shoulder caused him great anguish till Paeeon healed him by spreading soothing herbs on the wound, for Hades was not of mortal mould. Daring, headstrong, evildoer who recked not of his sin in shooting the gods that dwell in Olympus. And now Minerva has egged this son of Tydeus on against yourself, fool that he is for not reflecting that no man who fights with gods will live long or hear his children prattling about his knees when he returns from battle. Let, then, the son of Tydeus see that he does not have to fight with one who is stronger than you are. Then shall his brave wife Aegialeia, daughter of Adrestus, rouse her whole house from sleep, wailing for the loss of her wedded lord, Diomed the bravest of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.416–430", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφοτέρῃσιν ἀπʼ ἰχῶ χειρὸς ὀμόργνυ·\nἄλθετο χείρ, ὀδύναι δὲ κατηπιόωντο βαρεῖαι.\nαἳ δʼ αὖτʼ εἰσορόωσαι Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη\nκερτομίοις ἐπέεσσι Δία Κρονίδην ἐρέθιζον.\nτοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nΖεῦ πάτερ ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι ὅττι κεν εἴπω;\nἦ μάλα δή τινα Κύπρις Ἀχαιϊάδων ἀνιεῖσα\nΤρωσὶν ἅμα σπέσθαι, τοὺς νῦν ἔκπαγλα φίλησε,\nτῶν τινα καρρέζουσα Ἀχαιϊάδων ἐϋπέπλων\nπρὸς χρυσῇ περόνῃ καταμύξατο χεῖρα ἀραιήν.\nὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε,\nκαί ῥα καλεσσάμενος προσέφη χρυσῆν Ἀφροδίτην·\nοὔ τοι τέκνον ἐμὸν δέδοται πολεμήϊα ἔργα,\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ἱμερόεντα μετέρχεο ἔργα γάμοιο,\nταῦτα δʼ Ἄρηϊ θοῷ καὶ Ἀθήνῃ πάντα μελήσει.", "en": "So saying, she wiped the ichor from the wrist of her daughter with both hands, whereon the pain left her, and her hand was healed. But Minerva and Juno, who were looking on, began to taunt Jove with their mocking talk, and Minerva was first to speak. “Father Jove,” said she, “do not be angry with me, but I think the Cyprian must have been persuading some one of the Achaean women to go with the Trojans of whom she is so very fond, and while caressing one or other of them she must have torn her delicate hand with the gold pin of the woman’s brooch.”\nThe sire of gods and men smiled, and called golden Venus to his side. “My child,” said he, “it has not been given you to be a warrior. Attend, henceforth, to your own delightful matrimonial duties, and leave all this fighting to Mars and to Minerva.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.431–442", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,\nΑἰνείᾳ δʼ ἐπόρουσε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,\nγιγνώσκων ὅ οἱ αὐτὸς ὑπείρεχε χεῖρας Ἀπόλλων·\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ οὐδὲ θεὸν μέγαν ἅζετο, ἵετο δʼ αἰεὶ\nΑἰνείαν κτεῖναι καὶ ἀπὸ κλυτὰ τεύχεα δῦσαι.\nτρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπόρουσε κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων,\nτρὶς δέ οἱ ἐστυφέλιξε φαεινὴν ἀσπίδʼ Ἀπόλλων·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος,\nδεινὰ δʼ ὁμοκλήσας προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·\nφράζεο Τυδεΐδη καὶ χάζεο, μηδὲ θεοῖσιν\nἶσʼ ἔθελε φρονέειν, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποτε φῦλον ὁμοῖον\nἀθανάτων τε θεῶν χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τʼ ἀνθρώπων.", "en": "Thus did they converse. But Diomed sprang upon Aeneas, though he knew him to be in the very arms of Apollo. Not one whit did he fear the mighty god, so set was he on killing Aeneas and stripping him of his armour. Thrice did he spring forward with might and main to slay him, and thrice did Apollo beat back his gleaming shield. When he was coming on for the fourth time, as though he were a god, Apollo shouted to him with an awful voice and said, “Take heed, son of Tydeus, and draw off; think not to match yourself against gods, for men that walk the earth cannot hold their own with the immortals.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.443–459", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, Τυδεΐδης δʼ ἀνεχάζετο τυτθὸν ὀπίσσω\nμῆνιν ἀλευάμενος ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος.\nΑἰνείαν δʼ ἀπάτερθεν ὁμίλου θῆκεν Ἀπόλλων\nΠεργάμῳ εἰν ἱερῇ, ὅθι οἱ νηός γε τέτυκτο.\nἤτοι τὸν Λητώ τε καὶ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα\nἐν μεγάλῳ ἀδύτῳ ἀκέοντό τε κύδαινόν τε·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ εἴδωλον τεῦξʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων\nαὐτῷ τʼ Αἰνείᾳ ἴκελον καὶ τεύχεσι τοῖον,\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ εἰδώλῳ Τρῶες καὶ δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ\nδῄουν ἀλλήλων ἀμφὶ στήθεσσι βοείας\nἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους λαισήϊά τε πτερόεντα.\nδὴ τότε θοῦρον Ἄρηα προσηύδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nἎρες Ἄρες βροτολοιγὲ μιαιφόνε τειχεσιπλῆτα,\nοὐκ ἂν δὴ τόνδʼ ἄνδρα μάχης ἐρύσαιο μετελθὼν\nΤυδεΐδην, ὃς νῦν γε καὶ ἂν Διὶ πατρὶ μάχοιτο;\nΚύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα σχεδὸν οὔτασε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ αὐτῷ μοι ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος.", "en": "The son of Tydeus then gave way for a little space, to avoid the anger of the god, while Apollo took Aeneas out of the crowd and set him in sacred Pergamus, where his temple stood. There, within the mighty sanctuary, Latona and Diana healed him and made him glorious to behold, while Apollo of the silver bow fashioned a wraith in the likeness of Aeneas, and armed as he was. Round this the Trojans and Achaeans hacked at the bucklers about one another’s breasts, hewing each other’s round shields and light hide-covered targets. Then Phoebus Apollo said to Mars, “Mars, Mars, bane of men, blood-stained stormer of cities, can you not go to this man, the son of Tydeus, who would now fight even with father Jove, and draw him out of the battle? He first went up to the Cyprian and wounded her in the hand near her wrist, and afterwards sprang upon me too, as though he were a god.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.460–478", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν αὐτὸς μὲν ἐφέζετο Περγάμῳ ἄκρῃ,\nΤρῳὰς δὲ στίχας οὖλος Ἄρης ὄτρυνε μετελθὼν\nεἰδόμενος Ἀκάμαντι θοῷ ἡγήτορι Θρῃκῶν·\nυἱάσι δὲ Πριάμοιο διοτρεφέεσσι κέλευεν·\nὦ υἱεῖς Πριάμοιο διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος\nἐς τί ἔτι κτείνεσθαι ἐάσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιοῖς;\nἦ εἰς ὅ κεν ἀμφὶ πύλῃς εὖ ποιητῇσι μάχωνται;\nκεῖται ἀνὴρ ὃν ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ\nΑἰνείας υἱὸς μεγαλήτορος Ἀγχίσαο·\nἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ ἐκ φλοίσβοιο σαώσομεν ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nἔνθʼ αὖ Σαρπηδὼν μάλα νείκεσεν Ἕκτορα δῖον·\nἝκτορ πῇ δή τοι μένος οἴχεται ὃ πρὶν ἔχεσκες;\nφῆς που ἄτερ λαῶν πόλιν ἑξέμεν ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων\nοἶος σὺν γαμβροῖσι κασιγνήτοισί τε σοῖσι.\nτῶν νῦν οὔ τινʼ ἐγὼ ἰδέειν δύναμʼ οὐδὲ νοῆσαι,\nἀλλὰ καταπτώσσουσι κύνες ὣς ἀμφὶ λέοντα·\nἡμεῖς δὲ μαχόμεσθʼ οἵ πέρ τʼ ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν.\nκαὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπίκουρος ἐὼν μάλα τηλόθεν ἥκω·", "en": "He then took his seat on the top of Pergamus, while murderous Mars went about among the ranks of the Trojans, cheering them on, in the likeness of fleet Acamas chief of the Thracians. “Sons of Priam,” said he, “how long will you let your people be thus slaughtered by the Achaeans? Would you wait till they are at the walls of Troy? Aeneas the son of Anchises has fallen, he whom we held in as high honour as Hector himself. Help me, then, to rescue our brave comrade from the stress of the fight.”\nWith these words he put heart and soul into them all. Then Sarpedon rebuked Hector very sternly. “Hector,” said he, “where is your prowess now? You used to say that though you had neither people nor allies you could hold the town alone with your brothers and brothers-in-law. I see not one of them here; they cower as hounds before a lion; it is we, your allies, who bear the brunt of the battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.479–492", "orig": "τηλοῦ γὰρ Λυκίη Ξάνθῳ ἔπι δινήεντι,\nἔνθʼ ἄλοχόν τε φίλην ἔλιπον καὶ νήπιον υἱόν,\nκὰδ δὲ κτήματα πολλά, τὰ ἔλδεται ὅς κʼ ἐπιδευής.\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Λυκίους ὀτρύνω καὶ μέμονʼ αὐτὸς\nἀνδρὶ μαχήσασθαι· ἀτὰρ οὔ τί μοι ἐνθάδε τοῖον\nοἷόν κʼ ἠὲ φέροιεν Ἀχαιοὶ ἤ κεν ἄγοιεν·\nτύνη δʼ ἕστηκας, ἀτὰρ οὐδʼ ἄλλοισι κελεύεις\nλαοῖσιν μενέμεν καὶ ἀμυνέμεναι ὤρεσσι.\nμή πως ὡς ἀψῖσι λίνου ἁλόντε πανάγρου\nἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γένησθε·\nοἳ δὲ τάχʼ ἐκπέρσουσʼ εὖ ναιομένην πόλιν ὑμήν.\nσοὶ δὲ χρὴ τάδε πάντα μέλειν νύκτάς τε καὶ ἦμαρ\nἀρχοὺς λισσομένῳ τηλεκλειτῶν ἐπικούρων\nνωλεμέως ἐχέμεν, κρατερὴν δʼ ἀποθέσθαι ἐνιπήν.", "en": "I have come from afar, even from Lycia and the banks of the river Xanthus, where I have left my wife, my infant son, and much wealth to tempt whoever is needy; nevertheless, I head my Lycian soldiers and stand my ground against any who would fight me though I have nothing here for the Achaeans to plunder, while you look on, without even bidding your men stand firm in defence of their wives. See that you fall not into the hands of your foes as men caught in the meshes of a net, and they sack your fair city forthwith. Keep this before your mind night and day, and beseech the captains of your allies to hold on without flinching, and thus put away their reproaches from you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.493–511", "orig": "ὣς φάτο Σαρπηδών, δάκε δὲ φρένας Ἕκτορι μῦθος·\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,\nπάλλων δʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα κατὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο πάντῃ\nὀτρύνων μαχέσασθαι, ἔγειρε δὲ φύλοπιν αἰνήν.\nοἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν·\nἈργεῖοι δʼ ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες οὐδὲ φόβηθεν.\nὡς δʼ ἄνεμος ἄχνας φορέει ἱερὰς κατʼ ἀλωὰς\nἀνδρῶν λικμώντων, ὅτε τε ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ\nκρίνῃ ἐπειγομένων ἀνέμων καρπόν τε καὶ ἄχνας,\nαἳ δʼ ὑπολευκαίνονται ἀχυρμιαί· ὣς τότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nλευκοὶ ὕπερθε γένοντο κονισάλῳ, ὅν ῥα διʼ αὐτῶν\nοὐρανὸν ἐς πολύχαλκον ἐπέπληγον πόδες ἵππων\nἂψ ἐπιμισγομένων· ὑπὸ δʼ ἔστρεφον ἡνιοχῆες.\nοἳ δὲ μένος χειρῶν ἰθὺς φέρον· ἀμφὶ δὲ νύκτα\nθοῦρος Ἄρης ἐκάλυψε μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγων\nπάντοσʼ ἐποιχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἐκραίαινεν ἐφετμὰς\nΦοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος χρυσαόρου, ὅς μιν ἀνώγει\nΤρωσὶν θυμὸν ἐγεῖραι, ἐπεὶ ἴδε Παλλάδʼ Ἀθήνην\nοἰχομένην· ἣ γάρ ῥα πέλεν Δαναοῖσιν ἀρηγών.", "en": "So spoke Sarpedon, and Hector smarted under his words. He sprang from his chariot clad in his suit of armour, and went about among the host brandishing his two spears, exhorting the men to fight and raising the terrible cry of battle. Then they rallied and again faced the Achaeans, but the Argives stood compact and firm, and were not driven back. As the breezes sport with the chaff upon some goodly threshing-floor, when men are winnowing, while yellow Ceres blows with the wind to sift the chaff from the grain, and the chaff-heaps grow whiter and whiter, even so did the Achaeans whiten in the dust which the horses’ hoofs raised to the firmament of heaven, as their drivers turned them back to battle, and they bore down with might upon the foe. Fierce Mars, to help the Trojans, covered them in a veil of darkness, and went about everywhere among them, inasmuch as Phoebus Apollo had told him that when he saw Pallas Minerva leave the fray he was to put courage into the hearts of the Trojans, for it was she who was helping the Danaans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.512–530", "orig": "αὐτὸς δʼ Αἰνείαν μάλα πίονος ἐξ ἀδύτοιο\nἧκε, καὶ ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βάλε ποιμένι λαῶν.\nΑἰνείας δʼ ἑτάροισι μεθίστατο· τοὶ δὲ χάρησαν,\nὡς εἶδον ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα προσιόντα\nκαὶ μένος ἐσθλὸν ἔχοντα· μετάλλησάν γε μὲν οὔ τι.\nοὐ γὰρ ἔα πόνος ἄλλος, ὃν ἀργυρότοξος ἔγειρεν\nἌρης τε βροτολοιγὸς Ἔρις τʼ ἄμοτον μεμαυῖα.\nτοὺς δʼ Αἴαντε δύω καὶ Ὀδυσσεὺς καὶ Διομήδης\nὄτρυνον Δαναοὺς πολεμιζέμεν· οἳ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ\nοὔτε βίας Τρώων ὑπεδείδισαν οὔτε ἰωκάς,\nἀλλʼ ἔμενον νεφέλῃσιν ἐοικότες ἅς τε Κρονίων\nνηνεμίης ἔστησεν ἐπʼ ἀκροπόλοισιν ὄρεσσιν\nἀτρέμας, ὄφρʼ εὕδῃσι μένος Βορέαο καὶ ἄλλων\nζαχρειῶν ἀνέμων, οἵ τε νέφεα σκιόεντα\nπνοιῇσιν λιγυρῇσι διασκιδνᾶσιν ἀέντες·\nὣς Δαναοὶ Τρῶας μένον ἔμπεδον οὐδὲ φέβοντο.\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἐφοίτα πολλὰ κελεύων·\nὦ φίλοι ἀνέρες ἔστε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἕλεσθε,\nἀλλήλους τʼ αἰδεῖσθε κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας·", "en": "Then Apollo sent Aeneas forth from his rich sanctuary, and filled his heart with valour, whereon he took his place among his comrades, who were overjoyed at seeing him alive, sound, and of a good courage; but they could not ask him how it had all happened, for they were too busy with the turmoil raised by Mars and by Strife, who raged insatiably in their midst.\nThe two Ajaxes, Ulysses and Diomed, cheered the Danaans on, fearless of the fury and onset of the Trojans. They stood as still as clouds which the son of Saturn has spread upon the mountain tops when there is no air and fierce Boreas sleeps with the other boisterous winds whose shrill blasts scatter the clouds in all directions, even so did the Danaans stand firm and unflinching against the Trojans. The son of Atreus went about among them and exhorted them. “My friends,” said he, “quit yourselves like brave men, and shun dishonour in one another’s eyes amid the stress of battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.531–546", "orig": "αἰδομένων ἀνδρῶν πλέονες σόοι ἠὲ πέφανται·\nφευγόντων δʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτε τις ἀλκή.\nἦ καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ θοῶς, βάλε δὲ πρόμον ἄνδρα\nΑἰνείω ἕταρον μεγαθύμου Δηϊκόωντα\nΠεργασίδην, ὃν Τρῶες ὁμῶς Πριάμοιο τέκεσσι\nτῖον, ἐπεὶ θοὸς ἔσκε μετὰ πρώτοισι μάχεσθαι.\nτόν ῥα κατʼ ἀσπίδα δουρὶ βάλε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nἣ δʼ οὐκ ἔγχος ἔρυτο, διὰ πρὸ δὲ εἴσατο χαλκός,\nνειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ διὰ ζωστῆρος ἔλασσε·\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.\nἔνθʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας Δαναῶν ἕλεν ἄνδρας ἀρίστους\nυἷε Διοκλῆος Κρήθωνά τε Ὀρσίλοχόν τε,\nτῶν ῥα πατὴρ μὲν ἔναιεν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐνὶ Φηρῇ\nἀφνειὸς βιότοιο, γένος δʼ ἦν ἐκ ποταμοῖο\nἈλφειοῦ, ὅς τʼ εὐρὺ ῥέει Πυλίων διὰ γαίης,\nὃς τέκετʼ Ὀρτίλοχον πολέεσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα·", "en": "They that shun dishonour more often live than get killed, but they that fly save neither life nor name.”\nAs he spoke he hurled his spear and hit one of those who were in the front rank, the comrade of Aeneas, Deicoon son of Pergasus, whom the Trojans held in no less honour than the sons of Priam, for he was ever quick to place himself among the foremost. The spear of King Agamemnon struck his shield and went right through it, for the shield stayed it not. It drove through his belt into the lower part of his belly, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground.\nThen Aeneas killed two champions of the Danaans, Crethon and Orsilochus. Their father was a rich man who lived in the strong city of Phere and was descended from the river Alpheus, whose broad stream flows through the land of the Pylians." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.547–560", "orig": "Ὀρτίλοχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔτικτε Διοκλῆα μεγάθυμον,\nἐκ δὲ Διοκλῆος διδυμάονε παῖδε γενέσθην,\nΚρήθων Ὀρσίλοχός τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης.\nτὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἡβήσαντε μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν\nἼλιον εἰς εὔπωλον ἅμʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἑπέσθην,\nτιμὴν Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ\nἀρνυμένω· τὼ δʼ αὖθι τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν.\nοἵω τώ γε λέοντε δύω ὄρεος κορυφῇσιν\nἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρὶ βαθείης τάρφεσιν ὕλης·\nτὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἁρπάζοντε βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα\nσταθμοὺς ἀνθρώπων κεραΐζετον, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτὼ\nἀνδρῶν ἐν παλάμῃσι κατέκταθεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ·\nτοίω τὼ χείρεσσιν ὑπʼ Αἰνείαο δαμέντε\nκαππεσέτην, ἐλάτῃσιν ἐοικότες ὑψηλῇσι.", "en": "The river begat Orsilochus, who ruled over much people and was father to Diocles, who in his turn begat twin sons, Crethon and Orsilochus, well skilled in all the arts of war. These, when they grew up, went to Ilius with the Argive fleet in the cause of Menelaus and Agamemnon sons of Atreus, and there they both of them fell. As two lions whom their dam has reared in the depths of some mountain forest to plunder homesteads and carry off sheep and cattle till they get killed by the hand of man, so were these two vanquished by Aeneas, and fell like high pine-trees to the ground." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.561–575", "orig": "τὼ δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος,\nβῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ\nσείων ἐγχείην· τοῦ δʼ ὄτρυνεν μένος Ἄρης,\nτὰ φρονέων ἵνα χερσὶν ὑπʼ Αἰνείαο δαμείη.\nτὸν δʼ ἴδεν Ἀντίλοχος μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱός,\nβῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων· περὶ γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν\nμή τι πάθοι, μέγα δέ σφας ἀποσφήλειε πόνοιο.\nτὼ μὲν δὴ χεῖράς τε καὶ ἔγχεα ὀξυόεντα\nἀντίον ἀλλήλων ἐχέτην μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι·\nἈντίλοχος δὲ μάλʼ ἄγχι παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν.\nΑἰνείας δʼ οὐ μεῖνε θοός περ ἐὼν πολεμιστὴς\nὡς εἶδεν δύο φῶτε παρʼ ἀλλήλοισι μένοντε.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν νεκροὺς ἔρυσαν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν,\nτὼ μὲν ἄρα δειλὼ βαλέτην ἐν χερσὶν ἑταίρων,\nαὐτὼ δὲ στρεφθέντε μετὰ πρώτοισι μαχέσθην.", "en": "Brave Menelaus pitied them in their fall, and made his way to the front, clad in gleaming bronze and brandishing his spear, for Mars egged him on to do so with intent that he should be killed by Aeneas; but Antilochus the son of Nestor saw him and sprang forward, fearing that the king might come to harm and thus bring all their labour to nothing; when, therefore Aeneas and Menelaus were setting their hands and spears against one another eager to do battle, Antilochus placed himself by the side of Menelaus. Aeneas, bold though he was, drew back on seeing the two heroes side by side in front of him, so they drew the bodies of Crethon and Orsilochus to the ranks of the Achaeans and committed the two poor fellows into the hands of their comrades. They then turned back and fought in the front ranks." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.576–589", "orig": "ἔνθα Πυλαιμένεα ἑλέτην ἀτάλαντον Ἄρηϊ\nἀρχὸν Παφλαγόνων μεγαθύμων ἀσπιστάων.\nτὸν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος\nἑσταότʼ ἔγχεϊ νύξε κατὰ κληῗδα τυχήσας·\nἈντίλοχος δὲ Μύδωνα βάλʼ ἡνίοχον θεράποντα\nἐσθλὸν Ἀτυμνιάδην· ὃ δʼ ὑπέστρεφε μώνυχας ἵππους·\nχερμαδίῳ ἀγκῶνα τυχὼν μέσον· ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν\nἡνία λεύκʼ ἐλέφαντι χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν.\nἈντίλοχος δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπαΐξας ξίφει ἤλασε κόρσην·\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀσθμαίνων εὐεργέος ἔκπεσε δίφρου\nκύμβαχος ἐν κονίῃσιν ἐπὶ βρεχμόν τε καὶ ὤμους.\nδηθὰ μάλʼ ἑστήκει· τύχε γάρ ῥʼ ἀμάθοιο βαθείης·\nὄφρʼ ἵππω πλήξαντε χαμαὶ βάλον ἐν κονίῃσι·\nτοὺς ἵμασʼ Ἀντίλοχος, μετὰ δὲ στρατὸν ἤλασʼ Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "They killed Pylaemenes peer of Mars, leader of the Paphlagonian warriors. Menelaus struck him on the collar-bone as he was standing on his chariot, while Antilochus hit his charioteer and squire Mydon, the son of Atymnius, who was turning his horses in flight. He hit him with a stone upon the elbow, and the reins, enriched with white ivory, fell from his hands into the dust. Antilochus rushed towards him and struck him on the temples with his sword, whereon he fell head first from the chariot to the ground. There he stood for a while with his head and shoulders buried deep in the dust, for he had fallen on sandy soil till his horses kicked him and laid him flat on the ground, as Antilochus lashed them and drove them off to the host of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.590–606", "orig": "τοὺς δʼ Ἕκτωρ ἐνόησε κατὰ στίχας, ὦρτο δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς\nκεκλήγων· ἅμα δὲ Τρώων εἵποντο φάλαγγες\nκαρτεραί· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης καὶ πότνιʼ Ἐνυώ,\nἣ μὲν ἔχουσα Κυδοιμὸν ἀναιδέα δηϊοτῆτος,\nἌρης δʼ ἐν παλάμῃσι πελώριον ἔγχος ἐνώμα,\nφοίτα δʼ ἄλλοτε μὲν πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος, ἄλλοτʼ ὄπισθε.\nτὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ῥίγησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ἀπάλαμνος ἰὼν πολέος πεδίοιο\nστήῃ ἐπʼ ὠκυρόῳ ποταμῷ ἅλα δὲ προρέοντι\nἀφρῷ μορμύροντα ἰδών, ἀνά τʼ ἔδραμʼ ὀπίσσω,\nὣς τότε Τυδεΐδης ἀνεχάζετο, εἶπέ τε λαῷ·\nὦ φίλοι οἷον δὴ θαυμάζομεν Ἕκτορα δῖον\nαἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν·\nτῷ δʼ αἰεὶ πάρα εἷς γε θεῶν, ὃς λοιγὸν ἀμύνει·\nκαὶ νῦν οἱ πάρα κεῖνος Ἄρης βροτῷ ἀνδρὶ ἐοικώς.\nἀλλὰ πρὸς Τρῶας τετραμμένοι αἰὲν ὀπίσσω\nεἴκετε, μηδὲ θεοῖς μενεαινέμεν ἶφι μάχεσθαι.", "en": "But Hector marked them from across the ranks, and with a loud cry rushed towards them, followed by the strong battalions of the Trojans. Mars and dread Enyo led them on, she fraught with ruthless turmoil of battle, while Mars wielded a monstrous spear, and went about, now in front of Hector and now behind him.\nDiomed shook with passion as he saw them. As a man crossing a wide plain is dismayed to find himself on the brink of some great river rolling swiftly to the sea, he sees its boiling waters and starts back in fear, even so did the son of Tydeus give ground. Then he said to his men, “My friends, how can we wonder that Hector wields the spear so well? Some god is ever by his side to protect him, and now Mars is with him in the likeness of mortal man. Keep your faces therefore towards the Trojans, but give ground backwards, for we dare not fight with gods.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.607–625", "orig": "ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, Τρῶες δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἤλυθον αὐτῶν.\nἔνθʼ Ἕκτωρ δύο φῶτε κατέκτανεν εἰδότε χάρμης\nεἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντε, Μενέσθην Ἀγχίαλόν τε.\nτὼ δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·\nστῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,\nκαὶ βάλεν Ἄμφιον Σελάγου υἱόν, ὅς ῥʼ ἐνὶ Παισῷ\nναῖε πολυκτήμων πολυλήϊος· ἀλλά ἑ μοῖρα\nἦγʼ ἐπικουρήσοντα μετὰ Πρίαμόν τε καὶ υἷας.\nτόν ῥα κατὰ ζωστῆρα βάλεν Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,\nνειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ πάγη δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἐπέδραμε φαίδιμος Αἴας\nτεύχεα συλήσων· Τρῶες δʼ ἐπὶ δούρατʼ ἔχευαν\nὀξέα παμφανόωντα· σάκος δʼ ἀνεδέξατο πολλά.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ λὰξ προσβὰς ἐκ νεκροῦ χάλκεον ἔγχος\nἐσπάσατʼ· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἄλλα δυνήσατο τεύχεα καλὰ\nὤμοιιν ἀφελέσθαι· ἐπείγετο γὰρ βελέεσσι.\nδεῖσε δʼ ὅ γʼ ἀμφίβασιν κρατερὴν Τρώων ἀγερώχων,\nοἳ πολλοί τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἔγχεʼ ἔχοντες,\nοἵ ἑ μέγαν περ ἐόντα καὶ ἴφθιμον καὶ ἀγαυὸν", "en": "As he spoke the Trojans drew close up, and Hector killed two men, both in one chariot, Menesthes and Anchialus, heroes well versed in war. Ajax son of Telamon pitied them in their fall; he came close up and hurled his spear, hitting Amphius the son of Selagus, a man of great wealth who lived in Paesus and owned much corn-growing land, but his lot had led him to come to the aid of Priam and his sons. Ajax struck him in the belt; the spear pierced the lower part of his belly, and he fell heavily to the ground. Then Ajax ran towards him to strip him of his armour, but the Trojans rained spears upon him, many of which fell upon his shield. He planted his heel upon the body and drew out his spear, but the darts pressed so heavily upon him that he could not strip the goodly armour from his shoulders. The Trojan chieftains, moreover, many and valiant, came about him with their spears, so that he dared not stay; great, brave and valiant though he was, they drove him from them and he was beaten back." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.626–646", "orig": "ὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων· ὃ δὲ χασσάμενος πελεμίχθη.\nὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην·\nΤληπόλεμον δʼ Ἡρακλεΐδην ἠΰν τε μέγαν τε\nὦρσεν ἐπʼ ἀντιθέῳ Σαρπηδόνι μοῖρα κραταιή.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες\nυἱός θʼ υἱωνός τε Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο,\nτὸν καὶ Τληπόλεμος πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·\nΣαρπῆδον Λυκίων βουληφόρε, τίς τοι ἀνάγκη\nπτώσσειν ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντι μάχης ἀδαήμονι φωτί;\nψευδόμενοι δέ σέ φασι Διὸς γόνον αἰγιόχοιο\nεἶναι, ἐπεὶ πολλὸν κείνων ἐπιδεύεαι ἀνδρῶν\nοἳ Διὸς ἐξεγένοντο ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων·\nἀλλʼ οἷόν τινά φασι βίην Ἡρακληείην\nεἶναι, ἐμὸν πατέρα θρασυμέμνονα θυμολέοντα·\nὅς ποτε δεῦρʼ ἐλθὼν ἕνεχʼ ἵππων Λαομέδοντος\nἓξ οἴῃς σὺν νηυσὶ καὶ ἀνδράσι παυροτέροισιν\nἸλίου ἐξαλάπαξε πόλιν, χήρωσε δʼ ἀγυιάς·\nσοὶ δὲ κακὸς μὲν θυμός, ἀποφθινύθουσι δὲ λαοί.\nοὐδέ τί σε Τρώεσσιν ὀΐομαι ἄλκαρ ἔσεσθαι\nἐλθόντʼ ἐκ Λυκίης, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα καρτερός ἐσσι,\nἀλλʼ ὑπʼ ἐμοὶ δμηθέντα πύλας Ἀΐδαο περήσειν.", "en": "Thus, then, did the battle rage between them. Presently the strong hand of fate impelled Tlepolemus, the son of Hercules, a man both brave and of great stature, to fight Sarpedon; so the two, son and grandson of great Jove, drew near to one another, and Tlepolemus spoke first. “Sarpedon,” said he, “councillor of the Lycians, why should you come skulking here you who are a man of peace? They lie who call you son of aegis-bearing Jove, for you are little like those who were of old his children. Far other was Hercules, my own brave and lion-hearted father, who came here for the horses of Laomedon, and though he had six ships only, and few men to follow him, sacked the city of Ilius and made a wilderness of her highways. You are a coward, and your people are falling from you. For all your strength, and all your coming from Lycia, you will be no help to the Trojans but will pass the gates of Hades vanquished by my hand.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.647–662", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖ Σαρπηδὼν Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nΤληπόλεμʼ ἤτοι κεῖνος ἀπώλεσεν Ἴλιον ἱρὴν\nἀνέρος ἀφραδίῃσιν ἀγαυοῦ Λαομέδοντος,\nὅς ῥά μιν εὖ ἕρξαντα κακῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ,\nοὐδʼ ἀπέδωχʼ ἵππους, ὧν εἵνεκα τηλόθεν ἦλθε.\nσοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐνθάδε φημὶ φόνον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν\nἐξ ἐμέθεν τεύξεσθαι, ἐμῷ δʼ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντα\nεὖχος ἐμοὶ δώσειν, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ.\nὣς φάτο Σαρπηδών, ὃ δʼ ἀνέσχετο μείλινον ἔγχος\nΤληπόλεμος· καὶ τῶν μὲν ἁμαρτῇ δούρατα μακρὰ\nἐκ χειρῶν ἤϊξαν· ὃ μὲν βάλεν αὐχένα μέσσον\nΣαρπηδών, αἰχμὴ δὲ διαμπερὲς ἦλθʼ ἀλεγεινή·\nτὸν δὲ κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἐρεβεννὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψε.\nΤληπόλεμος δʼ ἄρα μηρὸν ἀριστερὸν ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ\nβεβλήκειν, αἰχμὴ δὲ διέσσυτο μαιμώωσα\nὀστέω ἐγχριμφθεῖσα, πατὴρ δʼ ἔτι λοιγὸν ἄμυνεν.", "en": "And Sarpedon, captain of the Lycians, answered, “Tlepolemus, your father overthrew Ilius by reason of Laomedon’s folly in refusing payment to one who had served him well. He would not give your father the horses which he had come so far to fetch. As for yourself, you shall meet death by my spear. You shall yield glory to myself, and your soul to Hades of the noble steeds.”\nThus spoke Sarpedon, and Tlepolemus upraised his spear. They threw at the same moment, and Sarpedon struck his foe in the middle of his throat; the spear went right through, and the darkness of death fell upon his eyes. Tlepolemus’s spear struck Sarpedon on the left thigh with such force that it tore through the flesh and grazed the bone, but his father as yet warded off destruction from him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.663–680", "orig": "οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀντίθεον Σαρπηδόνα δῖοι ἑταῖροι\nἐξέφερον πολέμοιο· βάρυνε δέ μιν δόρυ μακρὸν\nἑλκόμενον· τὸ μὲν οὔ τις ἐπεφράσατʼ οὐδὲ νόησε\nμηροῦ ἐξερύσαι δόρυ μείλινον ὄφρʼ ἐπιβαίη\nσπευδόντων· τοῖον γὰρ ἔχον πόνον ἀμφιέποντες.\nΤληπόλεμον δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐξέφερον πολέμοιο· νόησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nτλήμονα θυμὸν ἔχων, μαίμησε δέ οἱ φίλον ἦτορ·\nμερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν\nἢ προτέρω Διὸς υἱὸν ἐριγδούποιο διώκοι,\nἦ ὅ γε τῶν πλεόνων Λυκίων ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.\nοὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀδυσσῆϊ μεγαλήτορι μόρσιμον ἦεν\nἴφθιμον Διὸς υἱὸν ἀποκτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ·\nτώ ῥα κατὰ πληθὺν Λυκίων τράπε θυμὸν Ἀθήνη.\nἔνθʼ ὅ γε Κοίρανον εἷλεν Ἀλάστορά τε Χρομίον τε\nἌλκανδρόν θʼ Ἅλιόν τε Νοήμονά τε Πρύτανίν τε.\nκαί νύ κʼ ἔτι πλέονας Λυκίων κτάνε δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·", "en": "His comrades bore Sarpedon out of the fight, in great pain by the weight of the spear that was dragging from his wound. They were in such haste and stress as they bore him that no one thought of drawing the spear from his thigh so as to let him walk uprightly. Meanwhile the Achaeans carried off the body of Tlepolemus, whereon Ulysses was moved to pity, and panted for the fray as he beheld them. He doubted whether to pursue the son of Jove, or to make slaughter of the Lycian rank and file; it was not decreed, however, that he should slay the son of Jove; Minerva, therefore, turned him against the main body of the Lycians. He killed Coeranus, Alastor, Chromius, Alcandrus, Halius, Noemon, and Prytanis, and would have slain yet more, had not great Hector marked him, and sped to the front of the fight clad in his suit of mail, filling the Danaans with terror." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.681–698", "orig": "βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ\nδεῖμα φέρων Δαναοῖσι· χάρη δʼ ἄρα οἱ προσιόντι\nΣαρπηδὼν Διὸς υἱός, ἔπος δʼ ὀλοφυδνὸν ἔειπε·\nΠριαμίδη, μὴ δή με ἕλωρ Δαναοῖσιν ἐάσῃς\nκεῖσθαι, ἀλλʼ ἐπάμυνον· ἔπειτά με καὶ λίποι αἰὼν\nἐν πόλει ὑμετέρῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἔγωγε\nνοστήσας οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nεὐφρανέειν ἄλοχόν τε φίλην καὶ νήπιον υἱόν.\nὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ,\nἀλλὰ παρήϊξεν λελιημένος ὄφρα τάχιστα\nὤσαιτʼ Ἀργείους, πολέων δʼ ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀντίθεον Σαρπηδόνα δῖοι ἑταῖροι\nεἷσαν ὑπʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς περικαλλέϊ φηγῷ·\nἐκ δʼ ἄρα οἱ μηροῦ δόρυ μείλινον ὦσε θύραζε\nἴφθιμος Πελάγων, ὅς οἱ φίλος ἦεν ἑταῖρος.\nτὸν δʼ ἔλιπε ψυχή, κατὰ δʼ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς·\nαὖτις δʼ ἐμπνύνθη, περὶ δὲ πνοιὴ Βορέαο\nζώγρει ἐπιπνείουσα κακῶς κεκαφηότα θυμόν.", "en": "Sarpedon was glad when he saw him coming, and besought him, saying, “Son of Priam, let me not be here to fall into the hands of the Danaans. Help me, and since I may not return home to gladden the hearts of my wife and of my infant son, let me die within the walls of your city.”\nHector made him no answer, but rushed onward to fall at once upon the Achaeans and kill many among them. His comrades then bore Sarpedon away and laid him beneath Jove’s spreading oak tree. Pelagon, his friend and comrade, drew the spear out of his thigh, but Sarpedon fainted and a mist came over his eyes. Presently he came to himself again, for the breath of the north wind as it played upon him gave him new life, and brought him out of the deep swoon into which he had fallen." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.699–718", "orig": "Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὑπʼ Ἄρηϊ καὶ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ\nοὔτε ποτὲ προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν\nοὔτε ποτʼ ἀντεφέροντο μάχῃ, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ὀπίσσω\nχάζονθʼ, ὡς ἐπύθοντο μετὰ Τρώεσσιν Ἄρηα.\nἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον τίνα δʼ ὕστατον ἐξενάριξαν\nἝκτωρ τε Πριάμοιο πάϊς καὶ χάλκεος Ἄρης;\nἀντίθεον Τεύθραντʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ πλήξιππον Ὀρέστην,\nΤρῆχόν τʼ αἰχμητὴν Αἰτώλιον Οἰνόμαόν τε,\nΟἰνοπίδην θʼ Ἕλενον καὶ Ὀρέσβιον αἰολομίτρην,\nὅς ῥʼ ἐν Ὕλῃ ναίεσκε μέγα πλούτοιο μεμηλώς,\nλίμνῃ κεκλιμένος Κηφισίδι· πὰρ δέ οἱ ἄλλοι\nναῖον Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δῆμον ἔχοντες.\nτοὺς δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη\nἈργείους ὀλέκοντας ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,\nαὐτίκʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη,\nἦ ῥʼ ἅλιον τὸν μῦθον ὑπέστημεν Μενελάῳ\nἼλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι,\nεἰ οὕτω μαίνεσθαι ἐάσομεν οὖλον Ἄρηα.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ νῶϊ μεδώμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς.", "en": "Meanwhile the Argives were neither driven towards their ships by Mars and Hector, nor yet did they attack them; when they knew that Mars was with the Trojans they retreated, but kept their faces still turned towards the foe. Who, then, was first and who last to be slain by Mars and Hector? They were valiant Teuthras, and Orestes the renowned charioteer, Trechus the Aetolian warrior, Oenomaus, Helenus the son of Oenops, and Oresbius of the gleaming girdle, who was possessed of great wealth, and dwelt by the Cephisian lake with the other Boeotians who lived near him, owners of a fertile country.\nNow when the goddess Juno saw the Argives thus falling, she said to Minerva, “Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, the promise we made Menelaus that he should not return till he had sacked the city of Ilius will be of no effect if we let Mars rage thus furiously. Let us go into the fray at once.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.719–732", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.\nἣ μὲν ἐποιχομένη χρυσάμπυκας ἔντυεν ἵππους\nἭρη πρέσβα θεὰ θυγάτηρ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο·\nἭβη δʼ ἀμφʼ ὀχέεσσι θοῶς βάλε καμπύλα κύκλα\nχάλκεα ὀκτάκνημα σιδηρέῳ ἄξονι ἀμφίς.\nτῶν ἤτοι χρυσέη ἴτυς ἄφθιτος, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε\nχάλκεʼ ἐπίσσωτρα προσαρηρότα, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι·\nπλῆμναι δʼ ἀργύρου εἰσὶ περίδρομοι ἀμφοτέρωθεν·\nδίφρος δὲ χρυσέοισι καὶ ἀργυρέοισιν ἱμᾶσιν\nἐντέταται, δοιαὶ δὲ περίδρομοι ἄντυγές εἰσι.\nτοῦ δʼ ἐξ ἀργύρεος ῥυμὸς πέλεν· αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ\nδῆσε χρύσειον καλὸν ζυγόν, ἐν δὲ λέπαδνα\nκάλʼ ἔβαλε χρύσειʼ· ὑπὸ δὲ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Ἥρη\nἵππους ὠκύποδας, μεμαυῖʼ ἔριδος καὶ ἀϋτῆς.", "en": "Minerva did not gainsay her. Thereon the august goddess, daughter of great Saturn, began to harness her gold-bedizened steeds. Hebe with all speed fitted on the eight-spoked wheels of bronze that were on either side of the iron axle-tree. The felloes of the wheels were of gold, imperishable, and over these there was a tire of bronze, wondrous to behold. The naves of the wheels were silver, turning round the axle upon either side. The car itself was made with plaited bands of gold and silver, and it had a double top-rail running all round it. From the body of the car there went a pole of silver, on to the end of which she bound the golden yoke, with the bands of gold that were to go under the necks of the horses. Then Juno put her steeds under the yoke, eager for battle and the war-cry." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.733–748", "orig": "αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο\nπέπλον μὲν κατέχευεν ἑανὸν πατρὸς ἐπʼ οὔδει\nποικίλον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὴ ποιήσατο καὶ κάμε χερσίν·\nἣ δὲ χιτῶνʼ ἐνδῦσα Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο\nτεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσετο δακρυόεντα.\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν\nδεινήν, ἣν περὶ μὲν πάντῃ Φόβος ἐστεφάνωται,\nἐν δʼ Ἔρις, ἐν δʼ Ἀλκή, ἐν δὲ κρυόεσσα Ἰωκή,\nἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλὴ δεινοῖο πελώρου\nδεινή τε σμερδνή τε, Διὸς τέρας αἰγιόχοιο.\nκρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἀμφίφαλον κυνέην θέτο τετραφάληρον\nχρυσείην, ἑκατὸν πολίων πρυλέεσσʼ ἀραρυῖαν·\nἐς δʼ ὄχεα φλόγεα ποσὶ βήσετο, λάζετο δʼ ἔγχος\nβριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν, τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν\nἡρώων, οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη.\nἭρη δὲ μάστιγι θοῶς ἐπεμαίετʼ ἄρʼ ἵππους·", "en": "Meanwhile Minerva flung her richly embroidered vesture, made with her own hands, on to her father’s threshold, and donned the shirt of Jove, arming herself for battle. She threw her tasselled aegis about her shoulders, wreathed round with Rout as with a fringe, and on it were Strife, and Strength, and Panic whose blood runs cold; moreover there was the head of the dread monster Gorgon, grim and awful to behold, portent of aegis-bearing Jove. On her head she set her helmet of gold, with four plumes, and coming to a peak both in front and behind, decked with the emblems of a hundred cities; then she stepped into her flaming chariot and grasped the spear, so stout and sturdy and strong, with which she quells the ranks of heroes who have displeased her." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.749–763", "orig": "αὐτόμαται δὲ πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι,\nτῇς ἐπιτέτραπται μέγας οὐρανὸς Οὔλυμπός τε\nἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι πυκινὸν νέφος ἠδʼ ἐπιθεῖναι.\nτῇ ῥα διʼ αὐτάων κεντρηνεκέας ἔχον ἵππους·\nεὗρον δὲ Κρονίωνα θεῶν ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων\nἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο.\nἔνθʼ ἵππους στήσασα θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη\nΖῆνʼ ὕπατον Κρονίδην ἐξείρετο καὶ προσέειπε·\nΖεῦ πάτερ οὐ νεμεσίζῃ Ἄρῃ τάδε καρτερὰ ἔργα\nὁσσάτιόν τε καὶ οἷον ἀπώλεσε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν\nμὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος, οἳ δὲ ἕκηλοι\nτέρπονται Κύπρίς τε καὶ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων\nἄφρονα τοῦτον ἀνέντες, ὃς οὔ τινα οἶδε θέμιστα;\nΖεῦ πάτερ ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι, αἴ κεν Ἄρηα\nλυγρῶς πεπληγυῖα μάχης ἐξαποδίωμαι;", "en": "Juno lashed the horses on, and the gates of heaven bellowed as they flew open of their own accord, gates over which the Hours preside, in whose hands are Heaven and Olympus, either to open the dense cloud that hides them, or to close it. Through these the goddesses drove their obedient steeds, and found the son of Saturn sitting all alone on the topmost ridges of Olympus. There Juno stayed her horses, and spoke to Jove the son of Saturn, lord of all. “Father Jove,” said she, “are you not angry with Mars for these high doings? how great and goodly a host of the Achaeans he has destroyed to my great grief, and without either right or reason, while the Cyprian and Apollo are enjoying it all at their ease and setting this unrighteous madman on to do further mischief. I hope, Father Jove, that you will not be angry if I hit Mars hard, and chase him out of the battle.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.764–779", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἄγρει μάν οἱ ἔπορσον Ἀθηναίην ἀγελείην,\nἥ ἑ μάλιστʼ εἴωθε κακῇς ὀδύνῃσι πελάζειν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,\nμάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην\nμεσσηγὺς γαίης τε καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος.\nὅσσον δʼ ἠεροειδὲς ἀνὴρ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν\nἥμενος ἐν σκοπιῇ, λεύσσων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον,\nτόσσον ἐπιθρῴσκουσι θεῶν ὑψηχέες ἵπποι.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Τροίην ἷξον ποταμώ τε ῥέοντε,\nἧχι ῥοὰς Σιμόεις συμβάλλετον ἠδὲ Σκάμανδρος,\nἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη\nλύσασʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, περὶ δʼ ἠέρα πουλὺν ἔχευε·\nτοῖσιν δʼ ἀμβροσίην Σιμόεις ἀνέτειλε νέμεσθαι.\nαἳ δὲ βάτην τρήρωσι πελειάσιν ἴθμαθʼ ὁμοῖαι\nἀνδράσιν Ἀργείοισιν ἀλεξέμεναι μεμαυῖαι·", "en": "And Jove answered, “Set Minerva on to him, for she punishes him more often than any one else does.”\nJuno did as he had said. She lashed her horses, and they flew forward nothing loth midway betwixt earth and sky. As far as a man can see when he looks out upon the sea from some high beacon, so far can the loud-neighing horses of the gods spring at a single bound. When they reached Troy and the place where its two flowing streams Simois and Scamander meet, there Juno stayed them and took them from the chariot. She hid them in a thick cloud, and Simois made ambrosia spring up for them to eat; the two goddesses then went on, flying like turtledoves in their eagerness to help the Argives." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.780–795", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι\nἕστασαν ἀμφὶ βίην Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο\nεἰλόμενοι λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισιν\nἢ συσὶ κάπροισιν, τῶν τε σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν,\nἔνθα στᾶσʼ ἤϋσε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη\nΣτέντορι εἰσαμένη μεγαλήτορι χαλκεοφώνῳ,\nὃς τόσον αὐδήσασχʼ ὅσον ἄλλοι πεντήκοντα·\nαἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι κάκʼ ἐλέγχεα εἶδος ἀγητοί·\nὄφρα μὲν ἐς πόλεμον πωλέσκετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nοὐδέ ποτε Τρῶες πρὸ πυλάων Δαρδανιάων\nοἴχνεσκον· κείνου γὰρ ἐδείδισαν ὄβριμον ἔγχος·\nνῦν δὲ ἑκὰς πόλιος κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχονται.\nὣς εἰποῦσʼ ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nΤυδεΐδῃ δʼ ἐπόρουσε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nεὗρε δὲ τόν γε ἄνακτα παρʼ ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν\nἕλκος ἀναψύχοντα τό μιν βάλε Πάνδαρος ἰῷ.", "en": "When they came to the part where the bravest and most in number were gathered about mighty Diomed, fighting like lions or wild boars of great strength and endurance, there Juno stood still and raised a shout like that of brazen-voiced Stentor, whose cry was as loud as that of fifty men together. “Argives,” she cried; “shame on cowardly creatures, brave in semblance only; as long as Achilles was fighting, if his spear was so deadly that the Trojans dared not show themselves outside the Dardanian gates, but now they sally far from the city and fight even at your ships.”\nWith these words she put heart and soul into them all, while Minerva sprang to the side of the son of Tydeus, whom she found near his chariot and horses, cooling the wound that Pandarus had given him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.796–813", "orig": "ἱδρὼς γάρ μιν ἔτειρεν ὑπὸ πλατέος τελαμῶνος\nἀσπίδος εὐκύκλου· τῷ τείρετο, κάμνε δὲ χεῖρα,\nἂν δʼ ἴσχων τελαμῶνα κελαινεφὲς αἷμʼ ἀπομόργνυ.\nἱππείου δὲ θεὰ ζυγοῦ ἥψατο φώνησέν τε·\nἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς.\nΤυδεύς τοι μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀλλὰ μαχητής·\nκαί ῥʼ ὅτε πέρ μιν ἐγὼ πολεμίζειν οὐκ εἴασκον\nοὐδʼ ἐκπαιφάσσειν, ὅτε τʼ ἤλυθε νόσφιν Ἀχαιῶν\nἄγγελος ἐς Θήβας πολέας μετὰ Καδμείωνας·\nδαίνυσθαί μιν ἄνωγον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἕκηλον·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ θυμὸν ἔχων ὃν καρτερὸν ὡς τὸ πάρος περ\nκούρους Καδμείων προκαλίζετο, πάντα δʼ ἐνίκα\nῥηϊδίως· τοίη οἱ ἐγὼν ἐπιτάρροθος ἦα.\nσοὶ δʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ παρά θʼ ἵσταμαι ἠδὲ φυλάσσω,\nκαί σε προφρονέως κέλομαι Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·\nἀλλά σευ ἢ κάματος πολυᾶϊξ γυῖα δέδυκεν\nἤ νύ σέ που δέος ἴσχει ἀκήριον· οὐ σύ γʼ ἔπειτα\nΤυδέος ἔκγονός ἐσσι δαΐφρονος Οἰνεΐδαο.", "en": "For the sweat caused by the hand that bore the weight of his shield irritated the hurt: his arm was weary with pain, and he was lifting up the strap to wipe away the blood. The goddess laid her hand on the yoke of his horses and said, “The son of Tydeus is not such another as his father. Tydeus was a little man, but he could fight, and rushed madly into the fray even when I told him not to do so. When he went all unattended as envoy to the city of Thebes among the Cadmeans, I bade him feast in their houses and be at peace; but with that high spirit which was ever present with him, he challenged the youth of the Cadmeans, and at once beat them in all that he attempted, so mightily did I help him. I stand by you too to protect you, and I bid you be instant in fighting the Trojans; but either you are tired out, or you are afraid and out of heart, and in that case I say that you are no true son of Tydeus the son of Oeneus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.814–834", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nγιγνώσκω σε θεὰ θύγατερ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο·\nτώ τοι προφρονέως ἐρέω ἔπος οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω.\nοὔτέ τί με δέος ἴσχει ἀκήριον οὔτέ τις ὄκνος,\nἀλλʼ ἔτι σέων μέμνημαι ἐφετμέων ἃς ἐπέτειλας·\nοὔ μʼ εἴας μακάρεσσι θεοῖς ἀντικρὺ μάχεσθαι\nτοῖς ἄλλοις· ἀτὰρ εἴ κε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη\nἔλθῃσʼ ἐς πόλεμον, τήν γʼ οὐτάμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.\nτοὔνεκα νῦν αὐτός τʼ ἀναχάζομαι ἠδὲ καὶ ἄλλους\nἈργείους ἐκέλευσα ἀλήμεναι ἐνθάδε πάντας·\nγιγνώσκω γὰρ Ἄρηα μάχην ἀνὰ κοιρανέοντα.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nΤυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ\nμήτε σύ γʼ Ἄρηα τό γε δείδιθι μήτε τινʼ ἄλλον\nἀθανάτων, τοίη τοι ἐγὼν ἐπιτάρροθός εἰμι·\nἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐπʼ Ἄρηϊ πρώτῳ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους,\nτύψον δὲ σχεδίην μηδʼ ἅζεο θοῦρον Ἄρηα\nτοῦτον μαινόμενον, τυκτὸν κακόν, ἀλλοπρόσαλλον,\nὃς πρῴην μὲν ἐμοί τε καὶ Ἥρῃ στεῦτʼ ἀγορεύων\nΤρωσὶ μαχήσεσθαι, ἀτὰρ Ἀργείοισιν ἀρήξειν,\nνῦν δὲ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ὁμιλεῖ, τῶν δὲ λέλασται.", "en": "Diomed answered, “I know you, goddess, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, and will hide nothing from you. I am not afraid nor out of heart, nor is there any slackness in me. I am only following your own instructions; you told me not to fight any of the blessed gods; but if Jove’s daughter Venus came into battle I was to wound her with my spear. Therefore I am retreating, and bidding the other Argives gather in this place, for I know that Mars is now lording it in the field.”\n“Diomed, son of Tydeus,” replied Minerva, “man after my own heart, fear neither Mars nor any other of the immortals, for I will befriend you. Nay, drive straight at Mars, and smite him in close combat; fear not this raging madman, villain incarnate, first on one side and then on the other. But now he was holding talk with Juno and myself, saying he would help the Argives and attack the Trojans; nevertheless he is with the Trojans, and has forgotten the Argives.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.835–845", "orig": "ὣς φαμένη Σθένελον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε,\nχειρὶ πάλιν ἐρύσασʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐμμαπέως ἀπόρουσεν·\nἣ δʼ ἐς δίφρον ἔβαινε παραὶ Διομήδεα δῖον\nἐμμεμαυῖα θεά· μέγα δʼ ἔβραχε φήγινος ἄξων\nβριθοσύνῃ· δεινὴν γὰρ ἄγεν θεὸν ἄνδρά τʼ ἄριστον.\nλάζετο δὲ μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·\nαὐτίκʼ ἐπʼ Ἄρηϊ πρώτῳ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν Περίφαντα πελώριον ἐξενάριζεν\nΑἰτωλῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστον Ὀχησίου ἀγλαὸν υἱόν·\nτὸν μὲν Ἄρης ἐνάριζε μιαιφόνος· αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη\nδῦνʼ Ἄϊδος κυνέην, μή μιν ἴδοι ὄβριμος Ἄρης.", "en": "With this she caught hold of Sthenelus and lifted him off the chariot on to the ground. In a second he was on the ground, whereupon the goddess mounted the car and placed herself by the side of Diomed. The oaken axle groaned aloud under the burden of the awful goddess and the hero; Pallas Minerva took the whip and reins, and drove straight at Mars. He was in the act of stripping huge Periphas, son of Ochesius and bravest of the Aetolians. Bloody Mars was stripping him of his armour, and Minerva donned the helmet of Hades, that he might not see her;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.846–863", "orig": "ὡς δὲ ἴδε βροτολοιγὸς Ἄρης Διομήδεα δῖον,\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν Περίφαντα πελώριον αὐτόθʼ ἔασε\nκεῖσθαι ὅθι πρῶτον κτείνων ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰθὺς Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nπρόσθεν Ἄρης ὠρέξαθʼ ὑπὲρ ζυγὸν ἡνία θʼ ἵππων\nἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ μεμαὼς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἑλέσθαι·\nκαὶ τό γε χειρὶ λαβοῦσα θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη\nὦσεν ὑπὲκ δίφροιο ἐτώσιον ἀϊχθῆναι.\nδεύτερος αὖθʼ ὡρμᾶτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης\nἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ· ἐπέρεισε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nνείατον ἐς κενεῶνα ὅθι ζωννύσκετο μίτρῃ·\nτῇ ῥά μιν οὖτα τυχών, διὰ δὲ χρόα καλὸν ἔδαψεν,\nἐκ δὲ δόρυ σπάσεν αὖτις· ὃ δʼ ἔβραχε χάλκεος Ἄρης\nὅσσόν τʼ ἐννεάχιλοι ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι\nἀνέρες ἐν πολέμῳ ἔριδα ξυνάγοντες Ἄρηος.\nτοὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ τρόμος εἷλεν Ἀχαιούς τε Τρῶάς τε\nδείσαντας· τόσον ἔβραχʼ Ἄρης ἆτος πολέμοιο.", "en": "when, therefore, he saw Diomed, he made straight for him and let Periphas lie where he had fallen. As soon as they were at close quarters he let fly with his bronze spear over the reins and yoke, thinking to take Diomed’s life, but Minerva caught the spear in her hand and made it fly harmlessly over the chariot. Diomed then threw, and Pallas Minerva drove the spear into the pit of Mars’s stomach where his under-girdle went round him. There Diomed wounded him, tearing his fair flesh and then drawing his spear out again. Mars roared as loudly as nine or ten thousand men in the thick of a fight, and the Achaeans and Trojans were struck with panic, so terrible was the cry he raised." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.864–876", "orig": "οἵη δʼ ἐκ νεφέων ἐρεβεννὴ φαίνεται ἀὴρ\nκαύματος ἐξ ἀνέμοιο δυσαέος ὀρνυμένοιο,\nτοῖος Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ χάλκεος Ἄρης\nφαίνεθʼ ὁμοῦ νεφέεσσιν ἰὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν.\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκανε θεῶν ἕδος αἰπὺν Ὄλυμπον,\nπὰρ δὲ Διὶ Κρονίωνι καθέζετο θυμὸν ἀχεύων,\nδεῖξεν δʼ ἄμβροτον αἷμα καταρρέον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς,\nκαί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΖεῦ πάτερ οὐ νεμεσίζῃ ὁρῶν τάδε καρτερὰ ἔργα;\nαἰεί τοι ῥίγιστα θεοὶ τετληότες εἰμὲν\nἀλλήλων ἰότητι, χάριν ἄνδρεσσι φέροντες.\nσοὶ πάντες μαχόμεσθα· σὺ γὰρ τέκες ἄφρονα κούρην\nοὐλομένην, ᾗ τʼ αἰὲν ἀήσυλα ἔργα μέμηλεν.", "en": "As a dark cloud in the sky when it comes on to blow after heat, even so did Diomed son of Tydeus see Mars ascend into the broad heavens. With all speed he reached high Olympus, home of the gods, and in great pain sat down beside Jove the son of Saturn. He showed Jove the immortal blood that was flowing from his wound, and spoke piteously, saying, “Father Jove, are you not angered by such doings? We gods are continually suffering in the most cruel manner at one another’s hands while helping mortals; and we all owe you a grudge for having begotten that mad termagant of a daughter, who is always committing outrage of some kind." }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.877–894", "orig": "ἄλλοι μὲν γὰρ πάντες ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ\nσοί τʼ ἐπιπείθονται καὶ δεδμήμεσθα ἕκαστος·\nταύτην δʼ οὔτʼ ἔπεϊ προτιβάλλεαι οὔτέ τι ἔργῳ,\nἀλλʼ ἀνιεῖς, ἐπεὶ αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδʼ ἀΐδηλον·\nἣ νῦν Τυδέος υἱὸν ὑπερφίαλον Διομήδεα\nμαργαίνειν ἀνέηκεν ἐπʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι.\nΚύπριδα μὲν πρῶτον σχεδὸν οὔτασε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ αὐτῷ μοι ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος·\nἀλλά μʼ ὑπήνεικαν ταχέες πόδες· ἦ τέ κε δηρὸν\nαὐτοῦ πήματʼ ἔπασχον ἐν αἰνῇσιν νεκάδεσσιν,\nἤ κε ζὼς ἀμενηνὸς ἔα χαλκοῖο τυπῇσι.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς.\nμή τί μοι ἀλλοπρόσαλλε παρεζόμενος μινύριζε.\nἔχθιστος δέ μοί ἐσσι θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν·\nαἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη πόλεμοί τε μάχαι τε.\nμητρός τοι μένος ἐστὶν ἀάσχετον οὐκ ἐπιεικτὸν\nἭρης· τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημʼ ἐπέεσσι·\nτώ σʼ ὀΐω κείνης τάδε πάσχειν ἐννεσίῃσιν.", "en": "We other gods must all do as you bid us, but her you neither scold nor punish; you encourage her because the pestilent creature is your daughter. See how she has been inciting proud Diomed to vent his rage on the immortal gods. First he went up to the Cyprian and wounded her in the hand near her wrist, and then he sprang upon me too as though he were a god. Had I not run for it I must either have lain there for long enough in torments among the ghastly corpses, or have been eaten alive with spears till I had no more strength left in me.”\nJove looked angrily at him and said, “Do not come whining here, Sir Facing-both-ways. I hate you worst of all the gods in Olympus, for you are ever fighting and making mischief. You have the intolerable and stubborn spirit of your mother Juno: it is all I can do to manage her, and it is her doing that you are now in this plight:" }, { "ref": "Iliad 5.895–909", "orig": "ἀλλʼ οὐ μάν σʼ ἔτι δηρὸν ἀνέξομαι ἄλγεʼ ἔχοντα·\nἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί, ἐμοὶ δέ σε γείνατο μήτηρ·\nεἰ δέ τευ ἐξ ἄλλου γε θεῶν γένευ ὧδʼ ἀΐδηλος\nκαί κεν δὴ πάλαι ἦσθα ἐνέρτερος Οὐρανιώνων.\nὣς φάτο, καὶ Παιήονʼ ἀνώγειν ἰήσασθαι.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Παιήων ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα πάσσων\nἠκέσατʼ· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι καταθνητός γʼ ἐτέτυκτο.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὀπὸς γάλα λευκὸν ἐπειγόμενος συνέπηξεν\nὑγρὸν ἐόν, μάλα δʼ ὦκα περιτρέφεται κυκόωντι,\nὣς ἄρα καρπαλίμως ἰήσατο θοῦρον Ἄρηα.\nτὸν δʼ Ἥβη λοῦσεν, χαρίεντα δὲ εἵματα ἕσσε·\nπὰρ δὲ Διὶ Κρονίωνι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων.\nαἳ δʼ αὖτις πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς μεγάλοιο νέοντο\nἭρη τʼ Ἀργείη καὶ Ἀλαλκομενηῒς Ἀθήνη\nπαύσασαι βροτολοιγὸν Ἄρηʼ ἀνδροκτασιάων.", "en": "still, I cannot let you remain longer in such great pain; you are my own offspring, and it was by me that your mother conceived you; if, however, you had been the son of any other god, you are so destructive that by this time you should have been lying lower than the Titans.”\nHe then bade Paeeon heal him, whereon Paeeon spread pain-killing herbs upon his wound and cured him, for he was not of mortal mould. As the juice of the fig-tree curdles milk, and thickens it in a moment though it is liquid, even so instantly did Paeeon cure fierce Mars. Then Hebe washed him, and clothed him in goodly raiment, and he took his seat by his father Jove all glorious to behold.\nBut Juno of Argos and Minerva of Alalcomene, now that they had put a stop to the murderous doings of Mars, went back again to the house of Jove." } ], "6": [ { "ref": "Iliad 6.1–19", "orig": "Τρώων δʼ οἰώθη καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπις αἰνή·\nπολλὰ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθʼ ἴθυσε μάχη πεδίοιο\nἀλλήλων ἰθυνομένων χαλκήρεα δοῦρα\nμεσσηγὺς Σιμόεντος ἰδὲ Ξάνθοιο ῥοάων.\nΑἴας δὲ πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν\nΤρώων ῥῆξε φάλαγγα, φόως δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἔθηκεν,\nἄνδρα βαλὼν ὃς ἄριστος ἐνὶ Θρῄκεσσι τέτυκτο\nυἱὸν Ἐϋσσώρου Ἀκάμαντʼ ἠΰν τε μέγαν τε.\nτόν ῥʼ ἔβαλε πρῶτος κόρυθος φάλον ἱπποδασείης,\nἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε, πέρησε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέον εἴσω\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.\nἌξυλον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης\nΤευθρανίδην, ὃς ἔναιεν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν Ἀρίσβῃ\nἀφνειὸς βιότοιο, φίλος δʼ ἦν ἀνθρώποισι.\nπάντας γὰρ φιλέεσκεν ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκία ναίων.\nἀλλά οἱ οὔ τις τῶν γε τότʼ ἤρκεσε λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον\nπρόσθεν ὑπαντιάσας, ἀλλʼ ἄμφω θυμὸν ἀπηύρα\nαὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα Καλήσιον, ὅς ῥα τόθʼ ἵππων\nἔσκεν ὑφηνίοχος· τὼ δʼ ἄμφω γαῖαν ἐδύτην.", "en": "The fight between Trojans and Achaeans was now left to rage as it would, and the tide of war surged hither and thither over the plain as they aimed their bronze-shod spears at one another between the streams of Simois and Xanthus.\nFirst, Ajax son of Telamon, tower of strength to the Achaeans, broke a phalanx of the Trojans, and came to the assistance of his comrades by killing Acamas son of Eussorus, the best man among the Thracians, being both brave and of great stature. The spear struck the projecting peak of his helmet: its bronze point then went through his forehead into the brain, and darkness veiled his eyes.\nThen Diomed killed Axylus son of Teuthranus, a rich man who lived in the strong city of Arisbe, and was beloved by all men; for he had a house by the roadside, and entertained every one who passed; howbeit not one of his guests stood before him to save his life, and Diomed killed both him and his squire Calesius, who was then his charioteer, so the pair passed beneath the earth." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.20–36", "orig": "Δρῆσον δʼ Εὐρύαλος καὶ Ὀφέλτιον ἐξενάριξε·\nβῆ δὲ μετʼ Αἴσηπον καὶ Πήδασον, οὕς ποτε νύμφη\nνηῒς Ἀβαρβαρέη τέκʼ ἀμύμονι Βουκολίωνι.\nΒουκολίων δʼ ἦν υἱὸς ἀγαυοῦ Λαομέδοντος\nπρεσβύτατος γενεῇ, σκότιον δέ ἑ γείνατο μήτηρ·\nποιμαίνων δʼ ἐπʼ ὄεσσι μίγη φιλότητι καὶ εὐνῇ,\nἣ δʼ ὑποκυσαμένη διδυμάονε γείνατο παῖδε.\nκαὶ μὲν τῶν ὑπέλυσε μένος καὶ φαίδιμα γυῖα\nΜηκιστηϊάδης καὶ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα.\nἈστύαλον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπεφνε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης·\nΠιδύτην δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς Περκώσιον ἐξενάριξεν\nἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ, Τεῦκρος δʼ Ἀρετάονα δῖον.\nἈντίλοχος δʼ Ἄβληρον ἐνήρατο δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nΝεστορίδης, Ἔλατον δὲ ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nναῖε δὲ Σατνιόεντος ἐϋρρείταο παρʼ ὄχθας\nΠήδασον αἰπεινήν. Φύλακον δʼ ἕλε Λήϊτος ἥρως\nφεύγοντʼ· Εὐρύπυλος δὲ Μελάνθιον ἐξενάριξεν.", "en": "Euryalus killed Dresus and Opheltius, and then went in pursuit of Aesepus and Pedasus, whom the naiad nymph Abarbarea had borne to noble Bucolion. Bucolion was eldest son to Laomedon, but he was a bastard. While tending his sheep he had converse with the nymph, and she conceived twin sons; these the son of Mecisteus now slew, and he stripped the armour from their shoulders. Polypoetes then killed Astyalus, Ulysses Pidytes of Percote, and Teucer Aretaon. Ablerus fell by the spear of Nestor’s son Antilochus, and Agamemnon, king of men, killed Elatus who dwelt in Pedasus by the banks of the river Satnioeis. Leitus killed Phylacus as he was flying, and Eurypylus slew Melanthus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.37–50", "orig": "Ἄδρηστον δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος\nζωὸν ἕλʼ· ἵππω γάρ οἱ ἀτυζομένω πεδίοιο\nὄζῳ ἔνι βλαφθέντε μυρικίνῳ ἀγκύλον ἅρμα\nἄξαντʼ ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ αὐτὼ μὲν ἐβήτην\nπρὸς πόλιν, ᾗ περ οἱ ἄλλοι ἀτυζόμενοι φοβέοντο,\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο παρὰ τροχὸν ἐξεκυλίσθη\nπρηνὴς ἐν κονίῃσιν ἐπὶ στόμα· πὰρ δέ οἱ ἔστη\nἈτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἔχων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος.\nἌδρηστος δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα λαβὼν ἐλίσσετο γούνων·\nζώγρει Ἀτρέος υἱέ, σὺ δʼ ἄξια δέξαι ἄποινα·\nπολλὰ δʼ ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρὸς κειμήλια κεῖται\nχαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος,\nτῶν κέν τοι χαρίσαιτο πατὴρ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα\nεἴ κεν ἐμὲ ζωὸν πεπύθοιτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Then Menelaus of the loud war-cry took Adrestus alive, for his horses ran into a tamarisk bush, as they were flying wildly over the plain, and broke the pole from the car; they went on towards the city along with the others in full flight, but Adrestus rolled out, and fell in the dust flat on his face by the wheel of his chariot; Menelaus came up to him spear in hand, but Adrestus caught him by the knees begging for his life. “Take me alive,” he cried, “son of Atreus, and you shall have a full ransom for me: my father is rich and has much treasure of gold, bronze, and wrought iron laid by in his house. From this store he will give you a large ransom should he hear of my being alive and at the ships of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.51–65", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθε·\nκαὶ δή μιν τάχʼ ἔμελλε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nδώσειν ᾧ θεράποντι καταξέμεν· ἀλλʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nἀντίος ἦλθε θέων, καὶ ὁμοκλήσας ἔπος ηὔδα·\nὦ πέπον ὦ Μενέλαε, τί ἢ δὲ σὺ κήδεαι οὕτως\nἀνδρῶν; ἦ σοὶ ἄριστα πεποίηται κατὰ οἶκον\nπρὸς Τρώων; τῶν μή τις ὑπεκφύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον\nχεῖράς θʼ ἡμετέρας, μηδʼ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ\nκοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδʼ ὃς φύγοι, ἀλλʼ ἅμα πάντες\nἸλίου ἐξαπολοίατʼ ἀκήδεστοι καὶ ἄφαντοι.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἔτρεψεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως\nαἴσιμα παρειπών· ὃ δʼ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ὤσατο χειρὶ\nἥρωʼ Ἄδρηστον· τὸν δὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nοὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην· ὃ δʼ ἀνετράπετʼ, Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ\nλὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βὰς ἐξέσπασε μείλινον ἔγχος.", "en": "Thus did he plead, and Menelaus was for yielding and giving him to a squire to take to the ships of the Achaeans, but Agamemnon came running up to him and rebuked him. “My good Menelaus,” said he, “this is no time for giving quarter. Has, then, your house fared so well at the hands of the Trojans? Let us not spare a single one of them, not even the child unborn and in its mother’s womb; let not a man of them be left alive, but let all in Ilius perish, unheeded and forgotten.”\nThus did he speak, and his brother was persuaded by him, for his words were just. Menelaus, therefore, thrust Adrestus from him, whereon King Agamemnon struck him in the flank, and he fell: then the son of Atreus planted his foot upon his breast to draw his spear from the body." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.66–85", "orig": "Νέστωρ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος\nμή τις νῦν ἐνάρων ἐπιβαλλόμενος μετόπισθε\nμιμνέτω ὥς κε πλεῖστα φέρων ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκηται,\nἀλλʼ ἄνδρας κτείνωμεν· ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὰ ἕκηλοι\nνεκροὺς ἂμ πεδίον συλήσετε τεθνηῶτας.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nἔνθά κεν αὖτε Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν\nἼλιον εἰσανέβησαν ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντες,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ Αἰνείᾳ τε καὶ Ἕκτορι εἶπε παραστὰς\nΠριαμίδης Ἕλενος οἰωνοπόλων ὄχʼ ἄριστος·\nΑἰνεία τε καὶ Ἕκτορ, ἐπεὶ πόνος ὔμμι μάλιστα\nΤρώων καὶ Λυκίων ἐγκέκλιται, οὕνεκʼ ἄριστοι\nπᾶσαν ἐπʼ ἰθύν ἐστε μάχεσθαί τε φρονέειν τε,\nστῆτʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ λαὸν ἐρυκάκετε πρὸ πυλάων\nπάντῃ ἐποιχόμενοι πρὶν αὖτʼ ἐν χερσὶ γυναικῶν\nφεύγοντας πεσέειν, δηΐοισι δὲ χάρμα γενέσθαι.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κε φάλαγγας ἐποτρύνητον ἁπάσας,\nἡμεῖς μὲν Δαναοῖσι μαχησόμεθʼ αὖθι μένοντες,\nκαὶ μάλα τειρόμενοί περ· ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει·", "en": "Meanwhile Nestor shouted to the Argives, saying, “My friends, Danaan warriors, servants of Mars, let no man lag that he may spoil the dead, and bring back much booty to the ships. Let us kill as many as we can; the bodies will lie upon the plain, and you can despoil them later at your leisure.”\nWith these words he put heart and soul into them all. And now the Trojans would have been routed and driven back into Ilius, had not Priam’s son Helenus, wisest of augurs, said to Hector and Aeneas, “Hector and Aeneas, you two are the mainstays of the Trojans and Lycians, for you are foremost at all times, alike in fight and counsel; hold your ground here, and go about among the host to rally them in front of the gates, or they will fling themselves into the arms of their wives, to the great joy of our foes. Then, when you have put heart into all our companies, we will stand firm here and fight the Danaans however hard they press us, for there is nothing else to be done." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.86–101", "orig": "Ἕκτορ ἀτὰρ σὺ πόλιν δὲ μετέρχεο, εἰπὲ δʼ ἔπειτα\nμητέρι σῇ καὶ ἐμῇ· ἣ δὲ ξυνάγουσα γεραιὰς\nνηὸν Ἀθηναίης γλαυκώπιδος ἐν πόλει ἄκρῃ\nοἴξασα κληῗδι θύρας ἱεροῖο δόμοιο\nπέπλον, ὅς οἱ δοκέει χαριέστατος ἠδὲ μέγιστος\nεἶναι ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ καί οἱ πολὺ φίλτατος αὐτῇ,\nθεῖναι Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,\nκαί οἱ ὑποσχέσθαι δυοκαίδεκα βοῦς ἐνὶ νηῷ\nἤνις ἠκέστας ἱερευσέμεν, αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ\nἄστύ τε καὶ Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα,\nὥς κεν Τυδέος υἱὸν ἀπόσχῃ Ἰλίου ἱρῆς\nἄγριον αἰχμητὴν κρατερὸν μήστωρα φόβοιο,\nὃν δὴ ἐγὼ κάρτιστον Ἀχαιῶν φημι γενέσθαι.\nοὐδʼ Ἀχιλῆά ποθʼ ὧδέ γʼ ἐδείδιμεν ὄρχαμον ἀνδρῶν,\nὅν πέρ φασι θεᾶς ἐξέμμεναι· ἀλλʼ ὅδε λίην\nμαίνεται, οὐδέ τίς οἱ δύναται μένος ἰσοφαρίζειν.", "en": "Meanwhile do you, Hector, go to the city and tell our mother what is happening. Tell her to bid the matrons gather at the temple of Minerva in the acropolis; let her then take her key and open the doors of the sacred building; there, upon the knees of Minerva, let her lay the largest, fairest robe she has in her house, the one she sets most store by; let her, moreover, promise to sacrifice twelve yearling heifers that have never yet felt the goad, in the temple of the goddess, if she will take pity on the town, with the wives and little ones of the Trojans, and keep the son of Tydeus from falling on the goodly city of Ilius; for he fights with fury and fills men’s souls with panic. I hold him mightiest of them all; we did not fear even their great champion Achilles, son of a goddess though he be, as we do this man: his rage is beyond all bounds, and there is none can vie with him in prowess.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.102–115", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ οὔ τι κασιγνήτῳ ἀπίθησεν.\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,\nπάλλων δʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα κατὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο πάντῃ\nὀτρύνων μαχέσασθαι, ἔγειρε δὲ φύλοπιν αἰνήν.\nοἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν·\nἈργεῖοι δʼ ὑπεχώρησαν, λῆξαν δὲ φόνοιο,\nφὰν δέ τινʼ ἀθανάτων ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος\nΤρωσὶν ἀλεξήσοντα κατελθέμεν, ὡς ἐλέλιχθεν.\nἝκτωρ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nΤρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι τηλεκλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι\nἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς,\nὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ βείω προτὶ Ἴλιον, ἠδὲ γέρουσιν\nεἴπω βουλευτῇσι καὶ ἡμετέρῃς ἀλόχοισι\nδαίμοσιν ἀρήσασθαι, ὑποσχέσθαι δʼ ἑκατόμβας.", "en": "Hector did as his brother bade him. He sprang from his chariot, and went about everywhere among the host, brandishing his spears, urging the men on to fight, and raising the dread cry of battle. Thereon they rallied and again faced the Achaeans, who gave ground and ceased their murderous onset, for they deemed that some one of the immortals had come down from starry heaven to help the Trojans, so strangely had they rallied. And Hector shouted to the Trojans, “Trojans and allies, be men, my friends, and fight with might and main, while I go to Ilius and tell the old men of our council and our wives to pray to the gods and vow hecatombs in their honour.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.116–131", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nἀμφὶ δέ μιν σφυρὰ τύπτε καὶ αὐχένα δέρμα κελαινὸν\nἄντυξ ἣ πυμάτη θέεν ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης.\nΓλαῦκος δʼ Ἱππολόχοιο πάϊς καὶ Τυδέος υἱὸς\nἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέρων συνίτην μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντε,\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nτίς δὲ σύ ἐσσι φέριστε καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων;\nοὐ μὲν γάρ ποτʼ ὄπωπα μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ\nτὸ πρίν· ἀτὰρ μὲν νῦν γε πολὺ προβέβηκας ἁπάντων\nσῷ θάρσει, ὅ τʼ ἐμὸν δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος ἔμεινας·\nδυστήνων δέ τε παῖδες ἐμῷ μένει ἀντιόωσιν.\nεἰ δέ τις ἀθανάτων γε κατʼ οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας,\nοὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε θεοῖσιν ἐπουρανίοισι μαχοίμην.\nοὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱὸς κρατερὸς Λυκόοργος\nδὴν ἦν, ὅς ῥα θεοῖσιν ἐπουρανίοισιν ἔριζεν·", "en": "With this he went his way, and the black rim of hide that went round his shield beat against his neck and his ancles.\nThen Glaucus son of Hippolochus, and the son of Tydeus went into the open space between the hosts to fight in single combat. When they were close up to one another Diomed of the loud war-cry was the first to speak. “Who, my good sir,” said he, “who are you among men? I have never seen you in battle until now, but you are daring beyond all others if you abide my onset. Woe to those fathers whose sons face my might. If, however, you are one of the immortals and have come down from heaven, I will not fight you; for even valiant Lycurgus, son of Dryas, did not live long when he took to fighting with the gods." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.132–148", "orig": "ὅς ποτε μαινομένοιο Διωνύσοιο τιθήνας\nσεῦε κατʼ ἠγάθεον Νυσήϊον· αἳ δʼ ἅμα πᾶσαι\nθύσθλα χαμαὶ κατέχευαν ὑπʼ ἀνδροφόνοιο Λυκούργου\nθεινόμεναι βουπλῆγι· Διώνυσος δὲ φοβηθεὶς\nδύσεθʼ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα, Θέτις δʼ ὑπεδέξατο κόλπῳ\nδειδιότα· κρατερὸς γὰρ ἔχε τρόμος ἀνδρὸς ὁμοκλῇ.\nτῷ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ὀδύσαντο θεοὶ ῥεῖα ζώοντες,\nκαί μιν τυφλὸν ἔθηκε Κρόνου πάϊς· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν\nἦν, ἐπεὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀπήχθετο πᾶσι θεοῖσιν·\nοὐδʼ ἂν ἐγὼ μακάρεσσι θεοῖς ἐθέλοιμι μάχεσθαι.\nεἰ δέ τίς ἐσσι βροτῶν οἳ ἀρούρης καρπὸν ἔδουσιν,\nἆσσον ἴθʼ ὥς κεν θᾶσσον ὀλέθρου πείραθʼ ἵκηαι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖθʼ Ἱππολόχοιο προσηύδα φαίδιμος υἱός·\nΤυδεΐδη μεγάθυμε τί ἢ γενεὴν ἐρεείνεις;\nοἵη περ φύλλων γενεὴ τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν.\nφύλλα τὰ μέν τʼ ἄνεμος χαμάδις χέει, ἄλλα δέ θʼ ὕλη\nτηλεθόωσα φύει, ἔαρος δʼ ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρη·", "en": "He it was that drove the nursing women who were in charge of frenzied Bacchus through the land of Nysa, and they flung their thyrsi on the ground as murderous Lycurgus beat them with his oxgoad. Bacchus himself plunged terror-stricken into the sea, and Thetis took him to her bosom to comfort him, for he was scared by the fury with which the man reviled him. Thereon the gods who live at ease were angry with Lycurgus and the son of Saturn struck him blind, nor did he live much longer after he had become hateful to the immortals. Therefore I will not fight with the blessed gods; but if you are of them that eat the fruit of the ground, draw near and meet your doom.”\nAnd the son of Hippolochus answered, “Son of Tydeus, why ask me of my lineage? Men come and go as leaves year by year upon the trees. Those of autumn the wind sheds upon the ground, but when spring returns the forest buds forth with fresh vines." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.149–165", "orig": "ὣς ἀνδρῶν γενεὴ ἣ μὲν φύει ἣ δʼ ἀπολήγει.\nεἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις καὶ ταῦτα δαήμεναι ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῇς\nἡμετέρην γενεήν, πολλοὶ δέ μιν ἄνδρες ἴσασιν·\nἔστι πόλις Ἐφύρη μυχῷ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο,\nἔνθα δὲ Σίσυφος ἔσκεν, ὃ κέρδιστος γένετʼ ἀνδρῶν,\nΣίσυφος Αἰολίδης· ὃ δʼ ἄρα Γλαῦκον τέκεθʼ υἱόν,\nαὐτὰρ Γλαῦκος τίκτεν ἀμύμονα Βελλεροφόντην·\nτῷ δὲ θεοὶ κάλλός τε καὶ ἠνορέην ἐρατεινὴν\nὤπασαν· αὐτάρ οἱ Προῖτος κακὰ μήσατο θυμῷ,\nὅς ῥʼ ἐκ δήμου ἔλασσεν, ἐπεὶ πολὺ φέρτερος ἦεν,\nἈργείων· Ζεὺς γάρ οἱ ὑπὸ σκήπτρῳ ἐδάμασσε.\nτῷ δὲ γυνὴ Προίτου ἐπεμήνατο δῖʼ Ἄντεια\nκρυπταδίῃ φιλότητι μιγήμεναι· ἀλλὰ τὸν οὔ τι\nπεῖθʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέοντα δαΐφρονα Βελλεροφόντην.\nἣ δὲ ψευσαμένη Προῖτον βασιλῆα προσηύδα·\nτεθναίης ὦ Προῖτʼ, ἢ κάκτανε Βελλεροφόντην,\nὅς μʼ ἔθελεν φιλότητι μιγήμεναι οὐκ ἐθελούσῃ.", "en": "Even so is it with the generations of mankind, the new spring up as the old are passing away. If, then, you would learn my descent, it is one that is well known to many. There is a city in the heart of Argos, pasture land of horses, called Ephyra, where Sisyphus lived, who was the craftiest of all mankind. He was the son of Aeolus, and had a son named Glaucus, who was father to Bellerophon, whom heaven endowed with the most surpassing comeliness and beauty. But Proetus devised his ruin, and being stronger than he, drove him from the land of the Argives, over which Jove had made him ruler. For Antea, wife of Proetus, lusted after him, and would have had him lie with her in secret; but Bellerophon was an honourable man and would not, so she told lies about him to Proetus. ‘Proetus,’ said she, ‘kill Bellerophon or die, for he would have had converse with me against my will.’" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.166–177", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τὸν δὲ ἄνακτα χόλος λάβεν οἷον ἄκουσε·\nκτεῖναι μέν ῥʼ ἀλέεινε, σεβάσσατο γὰρ τό γε θυμῷ,\nπέμπε δέ μιν Λυκίην δέ, πόρεν δʼ ὅ γε σήματα λυγρὰ\nγράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά,\nδεῖξαι δʼ ἠνώγειν ᾧ πενθερῷ ὄφρʼ ἀπόλοιτο.\nαὐτὰρ ὁ βῆ Λυκίην δὲ θεῶν ὑπʼ ἀμύμονι πομπῇ.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Λυκίην ἷξε Ξάνθόν τε ῥέοντα,\nπροφρονέως μιν τῖεν ἄναξ Λυκίης εὐρείης·\nἐννῆμαρ ξείνισσε καὶ ἐννέα βοῦς ἱέρευσεν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ δεκάτη ἐφάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠὼς\nκαὶ τότε μιν ἐρέεινε καὶ ᾔτεε σῆμα ἰδέσθαι\nὅττί ῥά οἱ γαμβροῖο πάρα Προίτοιο φέροιτο.", "en": "The king was angered, but shrank from killing Bellerophon, so he sent him to Lycia with lying letters of introduction, written on a folded tablet, and containing much ill against the bearer. He bade Bellerophon show these letters to his father-in-law, to the end that he might thus perish; Bellerophon therefore went to Lycia, and the gods convoyed him safely.\n“When he reached the river Xanthus, which is in Lycia, the king received him with all goodwill, feasted him nine days, and killed nine heifers in his honour, but when rosy-fingered morning appeared upon the tenth day, he questioned him and desired to see the letter from his son-in-law Proetus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.178–195", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ σῆμα κακὸν παρεδέξατο γαμβροῦ,\nπρῶτον μέν ῥα Χίμαιραν ἀμαιμακέτην ἐκέλευσε\nπεφνέμεν· ἣ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔην θεῖον γένος οὐδʼ ἀνθρώπων,\nπρόσθε λέων, ὄπιθεν δὲ δράκων, μέσση δὲ χίμαιρα,\nδεινὸν ἀποπνείουσα πυρὸς μένος αἰθομένοιο,\nκαὶ τὴν μὲν κατέπεφνε θεῶν τεράεσσι πιθήσας.\nδεύτερον αὖ Σολύμοισι μαχέσσατο κυδαλίμοισι·\nκαρτίστην δὴ τήν γε μάχην φάτο δύμεναι ἀνδρῶν.\nτὸ τρίτον αὖ κατέπεφνεν Ἀμαζόνας ἀντιανείρας.\nτῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀνερχομένῳ πυκινὸν δόλον ἄλλον ὕφαινε·\nκρίνας ἐκ Λυκίης εὐρείης φῶτας ἀρίστους\nεἷσε λόχον· τοὶ δʼ οὔ τι πάλιν οἶκον δὲ νέοντο·\nπάντας γὰρ κατέπεφνεν ἀμύμων Βελλεροφόντης.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ γίγνωσκε θεοῦ γόνον ἠῢν ἐόντα\nαὐτοῦ μιν κατέρυκε, δίδου δʼ ὅ γε θυγατέρα ἥν,\nδῶκε δέ οἱ τιμῆς βασιληΐδος ἥμισυ πάσης·\nκαὶ μέν οἱ Λύκιοι τέμενος τάμον ἔξοχον ἄλλων\nκαλὸν φυταλιῆς καὶ ἀρούρης, ὄφρα νέμοιτο.", "en": "When he had received the wicked letter he first commanded Bellerophon to kill that savage monster, the Chimaera, who was not a human being, but a goddess, for she had the head of a lion and the tail of a serpent, while her body was that of a goat, and she breathed forth flames of fire; but Bellerophon slew her, for he was guided by signs from heaven. He next fought the far-famed Solymi, and this, he said, was the hardest of all his battles. Thirdly, he killed the Amazons, women who were the peers of men, and as he was returning thence the king devised yet another plan for his destruction; he picked the bravest warriors in all Lycia, and placed them in ambuscade, but not a man ever came back, for Bellerophon killed every one of them. Then the king knew that he must be the valiant offspring of a god, so he kept him in Lycia, gave him his daughter in marriage, and made him of equal honour in the kingdom with himself; and the Lycians gave him a piece of land, the best in all the country, fair with vineyards and tilled fields, to have and to hold." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.196–211", "orig": "ἣ δʼ ἔτεκε τρία τέκνα δαΐφρονι Βελλεροφόντῃ\nἼσανδρόν τε καὶ Ἱππόλοχον καὶ Λαοδάμειαν.\nΛαοδαμείῃ μὲν παρελέξατο μητίετα Ζεύς,\nἣ δʼ ἔτεκʼ ἀντίθεον Σαρπηδόνα χαλκοκορυστήν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ κεῖνος ἀπήχθετο πᾶσι θεοῖσιν,\nἤτοι ὃ κὰπ πεδίον τὸ Ἀλήϊον οἶος ἀλᾶτο\nὃν θυμὸν κατέδων, πάτον ἀνθρώπων ἀλεείνων·\nἼσανδρον δέ οἱ υἱὸν Ἄρης ἆτος πολέμοιο\nμαρνάμενον Σολύμοισι κατέκτανε κυδαλίμοισι·\nτὴν δὲ χολωσαμένη χρυσήνιος Ἄρτεμις ἔκτα.\nἹππόλοχος δέ μʼ ἔτικτε, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ φημι γενέσθαι·\nπέμπε δέ μʼ ἐς Τροίην, καί μοι μάλα πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλεν\nαἰὲν ἀριστεύειν καὶ ὑπείροχον ἔμμεναι ἄλλων,\nμηδὲ γένος πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν, οἳ μέγʼ ἄριστοι\nἔν τʼ Ἐφύρῃ ἐγένοντο καὶ ἐν Λυκίῃ εὐρείῃ.\nταύτης τοι γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι.", "en": "“The king’s daughter bore Bellerophon three children, Isander, Hippolochus, and Laodameia. Jove, the lord of counsel, lay with Laodameia, and she bore him noble Sarpedon; but when Bellerophon came to be hated by all the gods, he wandered all desolate and dismayed upon the Alean plain, gnawing at his own heart, and shunning the path of man. Mars, insatiate of battle, killed his son Isander while he was fighting the Solymi; his daughter was killed by Diana of the golden reins, for she was angered with her; but Hippolochus was father to myself, and when he sent me to Troy he urged me again and again to fight ever among the foremost and outvie my peers, so as not to shame the blood of my fathers who were the noblest in Ephyra and in all Lycia. This, then, is the descent I claim.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.212–223", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nἔγχος μὲν κατέπηξεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μειλιχίοισι προσηύδα ποιμένα λαῶν·\nἦ ῥά νύ μοι ξεῖνος πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός·\nΟἰνεὺς γάρ ποτε δῖος ἀμύμονα Βελλεροφόντην\nξείνισʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐείκοσιν ἤματʼ ἐρύξας·\nοἳ δὲ καὶ ἀλλήλοισι πόρον ξεινήϊα καλά·\nΟἰνεὺς μὲν ζωστῆρα δίδου φοίνικι φαεινόν,\nΒελλεροφόντης δὲ χρύσεον δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον\nκαί μιν ἐγὼ κατέλειπον ἰὼν ἐν δώμασʼ ἐμοῖσι.\nΤυδέα δʼ οὐ μέμνημαι, ἐπεί μʼ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐόντα\nκάλλιφʼ, ὅτʼ ἐν Θήβῃσιν ἀπώλετο λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and the heart of Diomed was glad. He planted his spear in the ground, and spoke to him with friendly words. “Then,” he said, “you are an old friend of my father’s house. Great Oeneus once entertained Bellerophon for twenty days, and the two exchanged presents. Oeneus gave a belt rich with purple, and Bellerophon a double cup, which I left at home when I set out for Troy. I do not remember Tydeus, for he was taken from us while I was yet a child, when the army of the Achaeans was cut to pieces before Thebes." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.224–241", "orig": "τὼ νῦν σοὶ μὲν ἐγὼ ξεῖνος φίλος Ἄργεϊ μέσσῳ\nεἰμί, σὺ δʼ ἐν Λυκίῃ ὅτε κεν τῶν δῆμον ἵκωμαι.\nἔγχεα δʼ ἀλλήλων ἀλεώμεθα καὶ διʼ ὁμίλου·\nπολλοὶ μὲν γὰρ ἐμοὶ Τρῶες κλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι\nκτείνειν ὅν κε θεός γε πόρῃ καὶ ποσσὶ κιχείω,\nπολλοὶ δʼ αὖ σοὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐναιρέμεν ὅν κε δύνηαι.\nτεύχεα δʼ ἀλλήλοις ἐπαμείψομεν, ὄφρα καὶ οἵδε\nγνῶσιν ὅτι ξεῖνοι πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντε καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε\nχεῖράς τʼ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην καὶ πιστώσαντο·\nἔνθʼ αὖτε Γλαύκῳ Κρονίδης φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς,\nὃς πρὸς Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα τεύχεʼ ἄμειβε\nχρύσεα χαλκείων, ἑκατόμβοιʼ ἐννεαβοίων.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὡς Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκανεν,\nἀμφʼ ἄρα μιν Τρώων ἄλοχοι θέον ἠδὲ θύγατρες\nεἰρόμεναι παῖδάς τε κασιγνήτους τε ἔτας τε\nκαὶ πόσιας· ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα θεοῖς εὔχεσθαι ἀνώγει\nπάσας ἑξείης· πολλῇσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπτο.", "en": "Henceforth, however, I must be your host in middle Argos, and you mine in Lycia, if I should ever go there; let us avoid one another’s spears even during a general engagement; there are many noble Trojans and allies whom I can kill, if I overtake them and heaven delivers them into my hand; so again with yourself, there are many Achaeans whose lives you may take if you can; we two, then, will exchange armour, that all present may know of the old ties that subsist between us.”\nWith these words they sprang from their chariots, grasped one another’s hands, and plighted friendship. But the son of Saturn made Glaucus take leave of his wits, for he exchanged golden armour for bronze, the worth of a hundred head of cattle for the worth of nine.\nNow when Hector reached the Scaean gates and the oak tree, the wives and daughters of the Trojans came running towards him to ask after their sons, brothers, kinsmen, and husbands: he told them to set about praying to the gods, and many were made sorrowful as they heard him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.242–262", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Πριάμοιο δόμον περικαλλέʼ ἵκανε\nξεστῇς αἰθούσῃσι τετυγμένον· αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ\nπεντήκοντʼ ἔνεσαν θάλαμοι ξεστοῖο λίθοιο\nπλησίον ἀλλήλων δεδμημένοι, ἔνθα δὲ παῖδες\nκοιμῶντο Πριάμοιο παρὰ μνηστῇς ἀλόχοισι,\nκουράων δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐναντίοι ἔνδοθεν αὐλῆς\nδώδεκʼ ἔσαν τέγεοι θάλαμοι ξεστοῖο λίθοιο\nπλησίον ἀλλήλων δεδμημένοι, ἔνθα δὲ γαμβροὶ\nκοιμῶντο Πριάμοιο παρʼ αἰδοίῃς ἀλόχοισιν·\nἔνθά οἱ ἠπιόδωρος ἐναντίη ἤλυθε μήτηρ\nΛαοδίκην ἐσάγουσα θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην·\nἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτέκνον τίπτε λιπὼν πόλεμον θρασὺν εἰλήλουθας;\nἦ μάλα δὴ τείρουσι δυσώνυμοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nμαρνάμενοι περὶ ἄστυ· σὲ δʼ ἐνθάδε θυμὸς ἀνῆκεν\nἐλθόντʼ ἐξ ἄκρης πόλιος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχεῖν.\nἀλλὰ μένʼ ὄφρά κέ τοι μελιηδέα οἶνον ἐνείκω,\nὡς σπείσῃς Διὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι\nπρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ καὐτὸς ὀνήσεαι αἴ κε πίῃσθα.\nἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμηῶτι μένος μέγα οἶνος ἀέξει,\nὡς τύνη κέκμηκας ἀμύνων σοῖσιν ἔτῃσι.", "en": "Presently he reached the splendid palace of King Priam, adorned with colonnades of hewn stone. In it there were fifty bedchambers, all of hewn stone, built near one another, where the sons of Priam slept, each with his wedded wife. Opposite these, on the other side the courtyard, there were twelve upper rooms also of hewn stone for Priam’s daughters, built near one another, where his sons-in-law slept with their wives. When Hector got there, his fond mother came up to him with Laodice the fairest of her daughters. She took his hand within her own and said, “My son, why have you left the battle to come hither? Are the Achaeans, woe betide them, pressing you hard about the city that you have thought fit to come and uplift your hands to Jove from the citadel? Wait till I can bring you wine that you may make offering to Jove and to the other immortals, and may then drink and be refreshed. Wine gives a man fresh strength when he is wearied, as you now are with fighting on behalf of your kinsmen.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.263–278", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nμή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε μελίφρονα πότνια μῆτερ,\nμή μʼ ἀπογυιώσῃς μένεος, ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι·\nχερσὶ δʼ ἀνίπτοισιν Διὶ λείβειν αἴθοπα οἶνον\nἅζομαι· οὐδέ πῃ ἔστι κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι\nαἵματι καὶ λύθρῳ πεπαλαγμένον εὐχετάασθαι.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς νηὸν Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης\nἔρχεο σὺν θυέεσσιν ἀολλίσσασα γεραιάς·\nπέπλον δʼ, ὅς τίς τοι χαριέστατος ἠδὲ μέγιστος\nἔστιν ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ καί τοι πολὺ φίλτατος αὐτῇ,\nτὸν θὲς Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,\nκαί οἱ ὑποσχέσθαι δυοκαίδεκα βοῦς ἐνὶ νηῷ\nἤνις ἠκέστας ἱερευσέμεν, αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ\nἄστύ τε καὶ Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα,\nαἴ κεν Τυδέος υἱὸν ἀπόσχῃ Ἰλίου ἱρῆς\nἄγριον αἰχμητὴν κρατερὸν μήστωρα φόβοιο.", "en": "And Hector answered, “Honoured mother, bring no wine, lest you unman me and I forget my strength. I dare not make a drink-offering to Jove with unwashed hands; one who is bespattered with blood and filth may not pray to the son of Saturn. Get the matrons together, and go with offerings to the temple of Minerva driver of the spoil; there, upon the knees of Minerva, lay the largest and fairest robe you have in your house, the one you set most store by; promise, moreover, to sacrifice twelve yearling heifers that have never yet felt the goad, in the temple of the goddess if she will take pity on the town, with the wives and little ones of the Trojans, and keep the son of Tydeus from off the goodly city of Ilius, for he fights with fury, and fills men’s souls with panic." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.279–296", "orig": "ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς νηὸν Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης\nἔρχευ, ἐγὼ δὲ Πάριν μετελεύσομαι ὄφρα καλέσσω\nαἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσʼ εἰπόντος ἀκουέμεν· ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι\nγαῖα χάνοι· μέγα γάρ μιν Ὀλύμπιος ἔτρεφε πῆμα\nΤρωσί τε καὶ Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι τοῖό τε παισίν.\nεἰ κεῖνόν γε ἴδοιμι κατελθόντʼ Ἄϊδος εἴσω\nφαίην κε φρένʼ ἀτέρπου ὀϊζύος ἐκλελαθέσθαι.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἣ δὲ μολοῦσα ποτὶ μέγαρʼ ἀμφιπόλοισι\nκέκλετο· ταὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀόλλισσαν κατὰ ἄστυ γεραιάς.\nαὐτὴ δʼ ἐς θάλαμον κατεβήσετο κηώεντα,\nἔνθʼ ἔσάν οἱ πέπλοι παμποίκιλα ἔργα γυναικῶν\nΣιδονίων, τὰς αὐτὸς Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδὴς\nἤγαγε Σιδονίηθεν ἐπιπλὼς εὐρέα πόντον,\nτὴν ὁδὸν ἣν Ἑλένην περ ἀνήγαγεν εὐπατέρειαν·\nτῶν ἕνʼ ἀειραμένη Ἑκάβη φέρε δῶρον Ἀθήνῃ,\nὃς κάλλιστος ἔην ποικίλμασιν ἠδὲ μέγιστος,\nἀστὴρ δʼ ὣς ἀπέλαμπεν· ἔκειτο δὲ νείατος ἄλλων.\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι, πολλαὶ δὲ μετεσσεύοντο γεραιαί.", "en": "Go, then, to the temple of Minerva, while I seek Paris and exhort him, if he will hear my words. Would that the earth might open her jaws and swallow him, for Jove bred him to be the bane of the Trojans, and of Priam and Priam’s sons. Could I but see him go down into the house of Hades, my heart would forget its heaviness.”\nHis mother went into the house and called her waiting-women who gathered the matrons throughout the city. She then went down into her fragrant store-room, where her embroidered robes were kept, the work of Sidonian women, whom Alexandrus had brought over from Sidon when he sailed the seas upon that voyage during which he carried off Helen. Hecuba took out the largest robe, and the one that was most beautifully enriched with embroidery, as an offering to Minerva: it glittered like a star, and lay at the very bottom of the chest. With this she went on her way and many matrons with her." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.297–311", "orig": "αἱ δʼ ὅτε νηὸν ἵκανον Ἀθήνης ἐν πόλει ἄκρῃ,\nτῇσι θύρας ὤϊξε Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃος\nΚισσηῒς ἄλοχος Ἀντήνορος ἱπποδάμοιο·\nτὴν γὰρ Τρῶες ἔθηκαν Ἀθηναίης ἱέρειαν.\nαἳ δʼ ὀλολυγῇ πᾶσαι Ἀθήνῃ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον·\nἣ δʼ ἄρα πέπλον ἑλοῦσα Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃος\nθῆκεν Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,\nεὐχομένη δʼ ἠρᾶτο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο·\nπότνιʼ Ἀθηναίη ἐρυσίπτολι δῖα θεάων\nἆξον δὴ ἔγχος Διομήδεος, ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτὸν\nπρηνέα δὸς πεσέειν Σκαιῶν προπάροιθε πυλάων,\nὄφρά τοι αὐτίκα νῦν δυοκαίδεκα βοῦς ἐνὶ νηῷ\nἤνις ἠκέστας ἱερεύσομεν, αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃς\nἄστύ τε καὶ Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα.\nὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχομένη, ἀνένευε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.", "en": "When they reached the temple of Minerva, lovely Theano, daughter of Cisseus and wife of Antenor, opened the doors, for the Trojans had made her priestess of Minerva. The women lifted up their hands to the goddess with a loud cry, and Theano took the robe to lay it upon the knees of Minerva, praying the while to the daughter of great Jove. “Holy Minerva,” she cried, “protectress of our city, mighty goddess, break the spear of Diomed and lay him low before the Scaean gates. Do this, and we will sacrifice twelve heifers that have never yet known the goad, in your temple, if you will have pity upon the town, with the wives and little ones of the Trojans.” Thus she prayed, but Pallas Minerva granted not her prayer." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.312–325", "orig": "ὣς αἳ μέν ῥʼ εὔχοντο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο,\nἝκτωρ δὲ πρὸς δώματʼ Ἀλεξάνδροιο βεβήκει\nκαλά, τά ῥʼ αὐτὸς ἔτευξε σὺν ἀνδράσιν οἳ τότʼ ἄριστοι\nἦσαν ἐνὶ Τροίῃ ἐριβώλακι τέκτονες ἄνδρες,\nοἵ οἱ ἐποίησαν θάλαμον καὶ δῶμα καὶ αὐλὴν\nἐγγύθι τε Πριάμοιο καὶ Ἕκτορος ἐν πόλει ἄκρῃ.\nἔνθʼ Ἕκτωρ εἰσῆλθε Διῒ φίλος, ἐν δʼ ἄρα χειρὶ\nἔγχος ἔχʼ ἑνδεκάπηχυ· πάροιθε δὲ λάμπετο δουρὸς\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη, περὶ δὲ χρύσεος θέε πόρκης.\nτὸν δʼ εὗρʼ ἐν θαλάμῳ περικαλλέα τεύχεʼ ἕποντα\nἀσπίδα καὶ θώρηκα, καὶ ἀγκύλα τόξʼ ἁφόωντα·\nἈργείη δʼ Ἑλένη μετʼ ἄρα δμῳῇσι γυναιξὶν\nἧστο καὶ ἀμφιπόλοισι περικλυτὰ ἔργα κέλευε.\nτὸν δʼ Ἕκτωρ νείκεσσεν ἰδὼν αἰσχροῖς ἐπέεσσι·", "en": "While they were thus praying to the daughter of great Jove, Hector went to the fair house of Alexandrus, which he had built for him by the foremost builders in the land. They had built him his house, storehouse, and courtyard near those of Priam and Hector on the acropolis. Here Hector entered, with a spear eleven cubits long in his hand; the bronze point gleamed in front of him, and was fastened to the shaft of the spear by a ring of gold. He found Alexandrus within the house, busied about his armour, his shield and cuirass, and handling his curved bow; there, too, sat Argive Helen with her women, setting them their several tasks; and as Hector saw him he rebuked him with words of scorn." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.326–341", "orig": "δαιμόνιʼ οὐ μὲν καλὰ χόλον τόνδʼ ἔνθεο θυμῷ,\nλαοὶ μὲν φθινύθουσι περὶ πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος\nμαρνάμενοι· σέο δʼ εἵνεκʼ ἀϋτή τε πτόλεμός τε\nἄστυ τόδʼ ἀμφιδέδηε· σὺ δʼ ἂν μαχέσαιο καὶ ἄλλῳ,\nὅν τινά που μεθιέντα ἴδοις στυγεροῦ πολέμοιο.\nἀλλʼ ἄνα μὴ τάχα ἄστυ πυρὸς δηΐοιο θέρηται.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής·\nἝκτορ ἐπεί με κατʼ αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας οὐδʼ ὑπὲρ αἶσαν,\nτοὔνεκά τοι ἐρέω· σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μευ ἄκουσον·\nοὔ τοι ἐγὼ Τρώων τόσσον χόλῳ οὐδὲ νεμέσσι\nἥμην ἐν θαλάμῳ, ἔθελον δʼ ἄχεϊ προτραπέσθαι.\nνῦν δέ με παρειποῦσʼ ἄλοχος μαλακοῖς ἐπέεσσιν\nὅρμησʼ ἐς πόλεμον· δοκέει δέ μοι ὧδε καὶ αὐτῷ\nλώϊον ἔσσεσθαι· νίκη δʼ ἐπαμείβεται ἄνδρας.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἐπίμεινον, Ἀρήϊα τεύχεα δύω·\nἢ ἴθʼ, ἐγὼ δὲ μέτειμι· κιχήσεσθαι δέ σʼ ὀΐω.", "en": "“Sir,” said he, “you do ill to nurse this rancour; the people perish fighting round this our town; you would yourself chide one whom you saw shirking his part in the combat. Up then, or ere long the city will be in a blaze.”\nAnd Alexandrus answered, “Hector, your rebuke is just; listen therefore, and believe me when I tell you that I am not here so much through rancour or ill-will towards the Trojans, as from a desire to indulge my grief. My wife was even now gently urging me to battle, and I hold it better that I should go, for victory is ever fickle. Wait, then, while I put on my armour, or go first and I will follow. I shall be sure to overtake you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.342–358", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nτὸν δʼ Ἑλένη μύθοισι προσηύδα μειλιχίοισι·\nδᾶερ ἐμεῖο κυνὸς κακομηχάνου ὀκρυοέσσης,\nὥς μʼ ὄφελʼ ἤματι τῷ ὅτε με πρῶτον τέκε μήτηρ\nοἴχεσθαι προφέρουσα κακὴ ἀνέμοιο θύελλα\nεἰς ὄρος ἢ εἰς κῦμα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης,\nἔνθά με κῦμʼ ἀπόερσε πάρος τάδε ἔργα γενέσθαι.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάδε γʼ ὧδε θεοὶ κακὰ τεκμήραντο,\nἀνδρὸς ἔπειτʼ ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις,\nὃς ᾔδη νέμεσίν τε καὶ αἴσχεα πόλλʼ ἀνθρώπων.\nτούτῳ δʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ νῦν φρένες ἔμπεδοι οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὀπίσσω\nἔσσονται· τὼ καί μιν ἐπαυρήσεσθαι ὀΐω.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν εἴσελθε καὶ ἕζεο τῷδʼ ἐπὶ δίφρῳ\nδᾶερ, ἐπεί σε μάλιστα πόνος φρένας ἀμφιβέβηκεν\nεἵνεκʼ ἐμεῖο κυνὸς καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἄτης,\nοἷσιν ἐπὶ Ζεὺς θῆκε κακὸν μόρον, ὡς καὶ ὀπίσσω\nἀνθρώποισι πελώμεθʼ ἀοίδιμοι ἐσσομένοισι.", "en": "Hector made no answer, but Helen tried to soothe him. “Brother,” said she, “to my abhorred and sinful self, would that a whirlwind had caught me up on the day my mother brought me forth, and had borne me to some mountain or to the waves of the roaring sea that should have swept me away ere this mischief had come about. But, since the gods have devised these evils, would, at any rate, that I had been wife to a better man, to one who could smart under dishonour and men’s evil speeches. This fellow was never yet to be depended upon, nor never will be, and he will surely reap what he has sown. Still, brother, come in and rest upon this seat, for it is you who bear the brunt of that toil that has been caused by my hateful self and by the sin of Alexandrus, both of whom Jove has doomed to be a theme of song among those that shall be born hereafter.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.359–368", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nμή με κάθιζʼ Ἑλένη φιλέουσά περ· οὐδέ με πείσεις·\nἤδη γάρ μοι θυμὸς ἐπέσσυται ὄφρʼ ἐπαμύνω\nΤρώεσσʼ, οἳ μέγʼ ἐμεῖο ποθὴν ἀπεόντος ἔχουσιν.\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ὄρνυθι τοῦτον, ἐπειγέσθω δὲ καὶ αὐτός,\nὥς κεν ἔμʼ ἔντοσθεν πόλιος καταμάρψῃ ἐόντα.\nκαὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν οἶκον δὲ ἐλεύσομαι ὄφρα ἴδωμαι\nοἰκῆας ἄλοχόν τε φίλην καὶ νήπιον υἱόν.\nοὐ γὰρ οἶδʼ εἰ ἔτι σφιν ὑπότροπος ἵξομαι αὖτις,\nἦ ἤδη μʼ ὑπὸ χερσὶ θεοὶ δαμόωσιν Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "And Hector answered, “Bid me not be seated, Helen, for all the goodwill you bear me. I cannot stay. I am in haste to help the Trojans, who miss me greatly when I am not among them; but urge your husband, and of his own self also let him make haste to overtake me before I am out of the city. I must go home to see my household, my wife and my little son, for I know not whether I shall ever again return to them, or whether the gods will cause me to fall by the hands of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.369–389", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nαἶψα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἵκανε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας,\nοὐδʼ εὗρʼ Ἀνδρομάχην λευκώλενον ἐν μεγάροισιν,\nἀλλʼ ἥ γε ξὺν παιδὶ καὶ ἀμφιπόλῳ ἐϋπέπλῳ\nπύργῳ ἐφεστήκει γοόωσά τε μυρομένη τε.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὡς οὐκ ἔνδον ἀμύμονα τέτμεν ἄκοιτιν\nἔστη ἐπʼ οὐδὸν ἰών, μετὰ δὲ δμῳῇσιν ἔειπεν·\nεἰ δʼ ἄγε μοι δμῳαὶ νημερτέα μυθήσασθε·\nπῇ ἔβη Ἀνδρομάχη λευκώλενος ἐκ μεγάροιο;\nἠέ πῃ ἐς γαλόων ἢ εἰνατέρων ἐϋπέπλων\nἢ ἐς Ἀθηναίης ἐξοίχεται, ἔνθά περ ἄλλαι\nΤρῳαὶ ἐϋπλόκαμοι δεινὴν θεὸν ἱλάσκονται;\nτὸν δʼ αὖτʼ ὀτρηρὴ ταμίη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἝκτορ ἐπεὶ μάλʼ ἄνωγας ἀληθέα μυθήσασθαι,\nοὔτέ πῃ ἐς γαλόων οὔτʼ εἰνατέρων ἐϋπέπλων\nοὔτʼ ἐς Ἀθηναίης ἐξοίχεται, ἔνθά περ ἄλλαι\nΤρῳαὶ ἐϋπλόκαμοι δεινὴν θεὸν ἱλάσκονται,\nἀλλʼ ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη μέγαν Ἰλίου, οὕνεκʼ ἄκουσε\nτείρεσθαι Τρῶας, μέγα δὲ κράτος εἶναι Ἀχαιῶν.\nἣ μὲν δὴ πρὸς τεῖχος ἐπειγομένη ἀφικάνει\nμαινομένῃ ἐϊκυῖα· φέρει δʼ ἅμα παῖδα τιθήνη.", "en": "Then Hector left her, and forthwith was at his own house. He did not find Andromache, for she was on the wall with her child and one of her maids, weeping bitterly. Seeing, then, that she was not within, he stood on the threshold of the women’s rooms and said, “Women, tell me, and tell me true, where did Andromache go when she left the house? Was it to my sisters, or to my brothers’ wives? or is she at the temple of Minerva where the other women are propitiating the awful goddess?”\nHis good housekeeper answered, “Hector, since you bid me tell you truly, she did not go to your sisters nor to your brothers’ wives, nor yet to the temple of Minerva, where the other women are propitiating the awful goddess, but she is on the high wall of Ilius, for she had heard the Trojans were being hard pressed, and that the Achaeans were in great force: she went to the wall in frenzied haste, and the nurse went with her carrying the child.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.390–406", "orig": "ἦ ῥα γυνὴ ταμίη, ὃ δʼ ἀπέσσυτο δώματος Ἕκτωρ\nτὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν αὖτις ἐϋκτιμένας κατʼ ἀγυιάς.\nεὖτε πύλας ἵκανε διερχόμενος μέγα ἄστυ\nΣκαιάς, τῇ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε διεξίμεναι πεδίον δέ,\nἔνθʼ ἄλοχος πολύδωρος ἐναντίη ἦλθε θέουσα\nἈνδρομάχη θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος\nἨετίων ὃς ἔναιεν ὑπὸ Πλάκῳ ὑληέσσῃ\nΘήβῃ Ὑποπλακίῃ Κιλίκεσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἀνάσσων·\nτοῦ περ δὴ θυγάτηρ ἔχεθʼ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ.\nἥ οἱ ἔπειτʼ ἤντησʼ, ἅμα δʼ ἀμφίπολος κίεν αὐτῇ\nπαῖδʼ ἐπὶ κόλπῳ ἔχουσʼ ἀταλάφρονα νήπιον αὔτως\nἙκτορίδην ἀγαπητὸν ἀλίγκιον ἀστέρι καλῷ,\nτόν ῥʼ Ἕκτωρ καλέεσκε Σκαμάνδριον, αὐτὰρ οἱ ἄλλοι\nἈστυάνακτʼ· οἶος γὰρ ἐρύετο Ἴλιον Ἕκτωρ.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν μείδησεν ἰδὼν ἐς παῖδα σιωπῇ·\nἈνδρομάχη δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρίστατο δάκρυ χέουσα,\nἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·", "en": "Hector hurried from the house when she had done speaking, and went down the streets by the same way that he had come. When he had gone through the city and had reached the Scaean gates through which he would go out on to the plain, his wife came running towards him, Andromache, daughter of great Eetion who ruled in Thebe under the wooded slopes of Mt. Placus, and was king of the Cilicians. His daughter had married Hector, and now came to meet him with a nurse who carried his little child in her bosom, a mere babe. Hector’s darling son, and lovely as a star. Hector had named him Scamandrius, but the people called him Astyanax, for his father stood alone as chief guardian of Ilius. Hector smiled as he looked upon the boy, but he did not speak, and Andromache stood by him weeping and taking his hand in her own." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.407–428", "orig": "δαιμόνιε φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος, οὐδʼ ἐλεαίρεις\nπαῖδά τε νηπίαχον καὶ ἔμʼ ἄμμορον, ἣ τάχα χήρη\nσεῦ ἔσομαι· τάχα γάρ σε κατακτανέουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ\nπάντες ἐφορμηθέντες· ἐμοὶ δέ κε κέρδιον εἴη\nσεῦ ἀφαμαρτούσῃ χθόνα δύμεναι· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἄλλη\nἔσται θαλπωρὴ ἐπεὶ ἂν σύ γε πότμον ἐπίσπῃς\nἀλλʼ ἄχεʼ· οὐδέ μοι ἔστι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ.\nἤτοι γὰρ πατέρʼ ἁμὸν ἀπέκτανε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nἐκ δὲ πόλιν πέρσεν Κιλίκων εὖ ναιετάουσαν\nΘήβην ὑψίπυλον· κατὰ δʼ ἔκτανεν Ἠετίωνα,\nοὐδέ μιν ἐξενάριξε, σεβάσσατο γὰρ τό γε θυμῷ,\nἀλλʼ ἄρα μιν κατέκηε σὺν ἔντεσι δαιδαλέοισιν\nἠδʼ ἐπὶ σῆμʼ ἔχεεν· περὶ δὲ πτελέας ἐφύτευσαν\nνύμφαι ὀρεστιάδες κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.\nοἳ δέ μοι ἑπτὰ κασίγνητοι ἔσαν ἐν μεγάροισιν\nοἳ μὲν πάντες ἰῷ κίον ἤματι Ἄϊδος εἴσω·\nπάντας γὰρ κατέπεφνε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nβουσὶν ἐπʼ εἰλιπόδεσσι καὶ ἀργεννῇς ὀΐεσσι.\nμητέρα δʼ, ἣ βασίλευεν ὑπὸ Πλάκῳ ὑληέσσῃ,\nτὴν ἐπεὶ ἂρ δεῦρʼ ἤγαγʼ ἅμʼ ἄλλοισι κτεάτεσσιν,\nἂψ ὅ γε τὴν ἀπέλυσε λαβὼν ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,\nπατρὸς δʼ ἐν μεγάροισι βάλʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα.", "en": "“Dear husband,” said she, “your valour will bring you to destruction; think on your infant son, and on my hapless self who ere long shall be your widow, for the Achaeans will set upon you in a body and kill you. It would be better for me, should I lose you, to lie dead and buried, for I shall have nothing left to comfort me when you are gone, save only sorrow. I have neither father nor mother now. Achilles slew my father when he sacked Thebe the goodly city of the Cilicians. He slew him, but did not for very shame despoil him; when he had burned him in his wondrous armour, he raised a barrow over his ashes and the mountain nymphs, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, planted a grove of elms about his tomb. I had seven brothers in my father’s house, but on the same day they all went within the house of Hades. Achilles killed them as they were with their sheep and cattle. My mother, her who had been queen of all the land under Mt. Placus, he brought hither with the spoil, and freed her for a great sum, but the archer-queen Diana took her in the house of your father. Nay, Hector, you who to me are father, mother, brother, and dear husband, have mercy upon me;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.429–447", "orig": "Ἕκτορ ἀτὰρ σύ μοί ἐσσι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nἠδὲ κασίγνητος, σὺ δέ μοι θαλερὸς παρακοίτης·\nἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἐλέαιρε καὶ αὐτοῦ μίμνʼ ἐπὶ πύργῳ,\nμὴ παῖδʼ ὀρφανικὸν θήῃς χήρην τε γυναῖκα·\nλαὸν δὲ στῆσον παρʼ ἐρινεόν, ἔνθα μάλιστα\nἀμβατός ἐστι πόλις καὶ ἐπίδρομον ἔπλετο τεῖχος.\nτρὶς γὰρ τῇ γʼ ἐλθόντες ἐπειρήσανθʼ οἱ ἄριστοι\nἀμφʼ Αἴαντε δύω καὶ ἀγακλυτὸν Ἰδομενῆα\nἠδʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐδας καὶ Τυδέος ἄλκιμον υἱόν·\nἤ πού τίς σφιν ἔνισπε θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς,\nἤ νυ καὶ αὐτῶν θυμὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει.\nτὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nἦ καὶ ἐμοὶ τάδε πάντα μέλει γύναι· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς\nαἰδέομαι Τρῶας καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους,\nαἴ κε κακὸς ὣς νόσφιν ἀλυσκάζω πολέμοιο·\nοὐδέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν, ἐπεὶ μάθον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλὸς\nαἰεὶ καὶ πρώτοισι μετὰ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι\nἀρνύμενος πατρός τε μέγα κλέος ἠδʼ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ.\nεὖ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε οἶδα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν·", "en": "stay here upon this wall; make not your child fatherless, and your wife a widow; as for the host, place them near the fig-tree, where the city can be best scaled, and the wall is weakest. Thrice have the bravest of them come thither and assailed it, under the two Ajaxes, Idomeneus, the sons of Atreus, and the brave son of Tydeus, either of their own bidding, or because some soothsayer had told them.”\nAnd Hector answered, “Wife, I too have thought upon all this, but with what face should I look upon the Trojans, men or women, if I shirked battle like a coward? I cannot do so: I know nothing save to fight bravely in the forefront of the Trojan host and win renown alike for my father and myself." }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.448–465", "orig": "ἔσσεται ἦμαρ ὅτʼ ἄν ποτʼ ὀλώλῃ Ἴλιος ἱρὴ\nκαὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο.\nἀλλʼ οὔ μοι Τρώων τόσσον μέλει ἄλγος ὀπίσσω,\nοὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης οὔτε Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος\nοὔτε κασιγνήτων, οἵ κεν πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ\nἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπʼ ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσιν,\nὅσσον σεῦ, ὅτε κέν τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nδακρυόεσσαν ἄγηται ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας·\nκαί κεν ἐν Ἄργει ἐοῦσα πρὸς ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις,\nκαί κεν ὕδωρ φορέοις Μεσσηΐδος ἢ Ὑπερείης\nπόλλʼ ἀεκαζομένη, κρατερὴ δʼ ἐπικείσετʼ ἀνάγκη·\nκαί ποτέ τις εἴπῃσιν ἰδὼν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσαν·\nἝκτορος ἥδε γυνὴ ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι\nΤρώων ἱπποδάμων ὅτε Ἴλιον ἀμφεμάχοντο.\nὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· σοὶ δʼ αὖ νέον ἔσσεται ἄλγος\nχήτεϊ τοιοῦδʼ ἀνδρὸς ἀμύνειν δούλιον ἦμαρ.\nἀλλά με τεθνηῶτα χυτὴ κατὰ γαῖα καλύπτοι\nπρίν γέ τι σῆς τε βοῆς σοῦ θʼ ἑλκηθμοῖο πυθέσθαι.", "en": "Well do I know that the day will surely come when mighty Ilius shall be destroyed with Priam and Priam’s people, but I grieve for none of these, not even for Hecuba, nor King Priam, nor for my brothers many and brave who may fall in the dust before their foes, for none of these do I grieve as for yourself when the day shall come on which some one of the Achaeans shall rob you for ever of your freedom, and bear you weeping away. It may be that you will have to ply the loom in Argos at the bidding of a mistress, or to fetch water from the springs Messeis or Hypereia, treated brutally by some cruel task-master; then will one say who sees you weeping, ‘She was wife to Hector, the bravest warrior among the Trojans during the war before Ilius.’ On this your tears will break forth anew for him who would have put away the day of captivity from you. May I lie dead under the barrow that is heaped over my body ere I hear your cry as they carry you into bondage.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.466–481", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν οὗ παιδὸς ὀρέξατο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nἂψ δʼ ὃ πάϊς πρὸς κόλπον ἐϋζώνοιο τιθήνης\nἐκλίνθη ἰάχων πατρὸς φίλου ὄψιν ἀτυχθεὶς\nταρβήσας χαλκόν τε ἰδὲ λόφον ἱππιοχαίτην,\nδεινὸν ἀπʼ ἀκροτάτης κόρυθος νεύοντα νοήσας.\nἐκ δʼ ἐγέλασσε πατήρ τε φίλος καὶ πότνια μήτηρ·\nαὐτίκʼ ἀπὸ κρατὸς κόρυθʼ εἵλετο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ,\nκαὶ τὴν μὲν κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ παμφανόωσαν·\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὃν φίλον υἱὸν ἐπεὶ κύσε πῆλέ τε χερσὶν\nεἶπε δʼ ἐπευξάμενος Διί τʼ ἄλλοισίν τε θεοῖσι·\nΖεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοὶ δότε δὴ καὶ τόνδε γενέσθαι\nπαῖδʼ ἐμὸν ὡς καὶ ἐγώ περ ἀριπρεπέα Τρώεσσιν,\nὧδε βίην τʼ ἀγαθόν, καὶ Ἰλίου ἶφι ἀνάσσειν·\nκαί ποτέ τις εἴποι πατρός γʼ ὅδε πολλὸν ἀμείνων\nἐκ πολέμου ἀνιόντα· φέροι δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα\nκτείνας δήϊον ἄνδρα, χαρείη δὲ φρένα μήτηρ.", "en": "He stretched his arms towards his child, but the boy cried and nestled in his nurse’s bosom, scared at the sight of his father’s armour, and at the horse-hair plume that nodded fiercely from his helmet. His father and mother laughed to see him, but Hector took the helmet from his head and laid it all gleaming upon the ground. Then he took his darling child, kissed him, and dandled him in his arms, praying over him the while to Jove and to all the gods. “Jove,” he cried, “grant that this my child may be even as myself, chief among the Trojans; let him be not less excellent in strength, and let him rule Ilius with his might. Then may one say of him as he comes from battle, ‘The son is far better than the father.’ May he bring back the blood-stained spoils of him whom he has laid low, and let his mother’s heart be glad.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.482–493", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἀλόχοιο φίλης ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκε\nπαῖδʼ ἑόν· ἣ δʼ ἄρα μιν κηώδεϊ δέξατο κόλπῳ\nδακρυόεν γελάσασα· πόσις δʼ ἐλέησε νοήσας,\nχειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nδαιμονίη μή μοί τι λίην ἀκαχίζεο θυμῷ·\nοὐ γάρ τίς μʼ ὑπὲρ αἶσαν ἀνὴρ Ἄϊδι προϊάψει·\nμοῖραν δʼ οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν,\nοὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν, ἐπὴν τὰ πρῶτα γένηται.\nἀλλʼ εἰς οἶκον ἰοῦσα τὰ σʼ αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε\nἱστόν τʼ ἠλακάτην τε, καὶ ἀμφιπόλοισι κέλευε\nἔργον ἐποίχεσθαι· πόλεμος δʼ ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει\nπᾶσι, μάλιστα δʼ ἐμοί, τοὶ Ἰλίῳ ἐγγεγάασιν.", "en": "With this he laid the child again in the arms of his wife, who took him to her own soft bosom, smiling through her tears. As her husband watched her his heart yearned towards her and he caressed her fondly, saying, “My own wife, do not take these things too bitterly to heart. No one can hurry me down to Hades before my time, but if a man’s hour is come, be he brave or be he coward, there is no escape for him when he has once been born. Go, then, within the house, and busy yourself with your daily duties, your loom, your distaff, and the ordering of your servants; for war is man’s matter, and mine above all others of them that have been born in Ilius.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.494–511", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κόρυθʼ εἵλετο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nἵππουριν· ἄλοχος δὲ φίλη οἶκον δὲ βεβήκει\nἐντροπαλιζομένη, θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα.\nαἶψα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἵκανε δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας\nἝκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο, κιχήσατο δʼ ἔνδοθι πολλὰς\nἀμφιπόλους, τῇσιν δὲ γόον πάσῃσιν ἐνῶρσεν.\nαἳ μὲν ἔτι ζωὸν γόον Ἕκτορα ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ·\nοὐ γάρ μιν ἔτʼ ἔφαντο ὑπότροπον ἐκ πολέμοιο\nἵξεσθαι προφυγόντα μένος καὶ χεῖρας Ἀχαιῶν.\nοὐδὲ Πάρις δήθυνεν ἐν ὑψηλοῖσι δόμοισιν,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ, ἐπεὶ κατέδυ κλυτὰ τεύχεα ποικίλα χαλκῷ,\nσεύατʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ ποσὶ κραιπνοῖσι πεποιθώς.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τις στατὸς ἵππος ἀκοστήσας ἐπὶ φάτνῃ\nδεσμὸν ἀπορρήξας θείῃ πεδίοιο κροαίνων\nεἰωθὼς λούεσθαι ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο\nκυδιόων· ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται\nὤμοις ἀΐσσονται· ὃ δʼ ἀγλαΐηφι πεποιθὼς\nῥίμφά ἑ γοῦνα φέρει μετά τʼ ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων·", "en": "He took his plumed helmet from the ground, and his wife went back again to her house, weeping bitterly and often looking back towards him. When she reached her home she found her maidens within, and bade them all join in her lament; so they mourned Hector in his own house though he was yet alive, for they deemed that they should never see him return safe from battle, and from the furious hands of the Achaeans.\nParis did not remain long in his house. He donned his goodly armour overlaid with bronze, and hasted through the city as fast as his feet could take him. As a horse, stabled and fed, breaks loose and gallops gloriously over the plain to the place where he is wont to bathe in the fair-flowing river, he holds his head high, and his mane streams upon his shoulders as he exults in his strength and flies like the wind to the haunts and feeding ground of the mares," }, { "ref": "Iliad 6.512–529", "orig": "ὣς υἱὸς Πριάμοιο Πάρις κατὰ Περγάμου ἄκρης\nτεύχεσι παμφαίνων ὥς τʼ ἠλέκτωρ ἐβεβήκει\nκαγχαλόων, ταχέες δὲ πόδες φέρον· αἶψα δʼ ἔπειτα\nἝκτορα δῖον ἔτετμεν ἀδελφεὸν εὖτʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε\nστρέψεσθʼ ἐκ χώρης ὅθι ᾗ ὀάριζε γυναικί.\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής·\nἠθεῖʼ ἦ μάλα δή σε καὶ ἐσσύμενον κατερύκω\nδηθύνων, οὐδʼ ἦλθον ἐναίσιμον ὡς ἐκέλευες;\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nδαιμόνιʼ οὐκ ἄν τίς τοι ἀνὴρ ὃς ἐναίσιμος εἴη\nἔργον ἀτιμήσειε μάχης, ἐπεὶ ἄλκιμός ἐσσι·\nἀλλὰ ἑκὼν μεθιεῖς τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλεις· τὸ δʼ ἐμὸν κῆρ\nἄχνυται ἐν θυμῷ, ὅθʼ ὑπὲρ σέθεν αἴσχεʼ ἀκούω\nπρὸς Τρώων, οἳ ἔχουσι πολὺν πόνον εἵνεκα σεῖο.\nἀλλʼ ἴομεν· τὰ δʼ ὄπισθεν ἀρεσσόμεθʼ, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς\nδώῃ ἐπουρανίοισι θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃσι\nκρητῆρα στήσασθαι ἐλεύθερον ἐν μεγάροισιν\nἐκ Τροίης ἐλάσαντας ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "even so went forth Paris from high Pergamus, gleaming like sunlight in his armour, and he laughed aloud as he sped swiftly on his way. Forthwith he came upon his brother Hector, who was then turning away from the place where he had held converse with his wife, and he was himself the first to speak. “Sir,” said he, “I fear that I have kept you waiting when you are in haste, and have not come as quickly as you bade me.”\n“My good brother,” answered Hector, “you fight bravely, and no man with any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you are careless and wilfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear the ill that the Trojans speak about you, for they have suffered much on your account. Let us be going, and we will make things right hereafter, should Jove vouchsafe us to set the cup of our deliverance before ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have chased the Achaeans from Troy.”" } ], "7": [ { "ref": "Iliad 7.1–16", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν πυλέων ἐξέσσυτο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ,\nτῷ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἀλέξανδρος κίʼ ἀδελφεός· ἐν δʼ ἄρα θυμῷ\nἀμφότεροι μέμασαν πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.\nὡς δὲ θεὸς ναύτῃσιν ἐελδομένοισιν ἔδωκεν\nοὖρον, ἐπεί κε κάμωσιν ἐϋξέστῃς ἐλάτῃσι\nπόντον ἐλαύνοντες, καμάτῳ δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα λέλυνται,\nὣς ἄρα τὼ Τρώεσσιν ἐελδομένοισι φανήτην.\nἔνθʼ ἑλέτην ὃ μὲν υἱὸν Ἀρηϊθόοιο ἄνακτος\nἌρνῃ ναιετάοντα Μενέσθιον, ὃν κορυνήτης\nγείνατʼ Ἀρηΐθοος καὶ Φυλομέδουσα βοῶπις·\nἝκτωρ δʼ Ἠϊονῆα βάλʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι\nαὐχένʼ ὑπὸ στεφάνης εὐχάλκου, λύντο δὲ γυῖα.\nΓλαῦκος δʼ Ἱππολόχοιο πάϊς Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀνδρῶν\nἸφίνοον βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην\nΔεξιάδην ἵππων ἐπιάλμενον ὠκειάων\nὦμον· ὃ δʼ ἐξ ἵππων χαμάδις πέσε, λύντο δὲ γυῖα.", "en": "With these words Hector passed through the gates, and his brother Alexandrus with him, both eager for the fray. As when heaven sends a breeze to sailors who have long looked for one in vain, and have laboured at their oars till they are faint with toil, even so welcome was the sight of these two heroes to the Trojans.\nThereon Alexandrus killed Menesthius the son of Areithous; he lived in Arne, and was son of Areithous the Mace-man, and of Phylomedusa. Hector threw a spear at Eioneus and struck him dead with a wound in the neck under the bronze rim of his helmet. Glaucus, moreover, son of Hippolochus, captain of the Lycians, in hard hand-to-hand fight smote Iphinous son of Dexius on the shoulder, as he was springing on to his chariot behind his fleet mares; so he fell to earth from the car, and there was no life left in him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.17–36", "orig": "τοὺς δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη\nἈργείους ὀλέκοντας ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,\nβῆ ῥα κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα\nἼλιον εἰς ἱερήν· τῇ δʼ ἀντίος ὄρνυτʼ Ἀπόλλων\nΠεργάμου ἐκκατιδών, Τρώεσσι δὲ βούλετο νίκην·\nἀλλήλοισι δὲ τώ γε συναντέσθην παρὰ φηγῷ.\nτὴν πρότερος προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·\nτίπτε σὺ δʼ αὖ μεμαυῖα Διὸς θύγατερ μεγάλοιο\nἦλθες ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο, μέγας δέ σε θυμὸς ἀνῆκεν;\nἦ ἵνα δὴ Δαναοῖσι μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην\nδῷς; ἐπεὶ οὔ τι Τρῶας ἀπολλυμένους ἐλεαίρεις.\nἀλλʼ εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη·\nνῦν μὲν παύσωμεν πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα\nσήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχήσοντʼ εἰς ὅ κε τέκμωρ\nἸλίου εὕρωσιν, ἐπεὶ ὣς φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ\nὑμῖν ἀθανάτῃσι, διαπραθέειν τόδε ἄστυ.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nὧδʼ ἔστω ἑκάεργε· τὰ γὰρ φρονέουσα καὶ αὐτὴ\nἦλθον ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε πῶς μέμονας πόλεμον καταπαυσέμεν ἀνδρῶν;", "en": "When, therefore, Minerva saw these men making havoc of the Argives, she darted down to Ilius from the summits of Olympus, and Apollo, who was looking on from Pergamus, went out to meet her; for he wanted the Trojans to be victorious. The pair met by the oak tree, and King Apollo son of Jove was first to speak. “What would you have,” said he, “daughter of great Jove, that your proud spirit has sent you hither from Olympus? Have you no pity upon the Trojans, and would you incline the scales of victory in favour of the Danaans? Let me persuade you, for it will be better thus, stay the combat for to-day, but let them renew the fight hereafter till they compass the doom of Ilius, since you goddesses have made up your minds to destroy the city.”\nAnd Minerva answered, “So be it, Far-Darter; it was in this mind that I came down from Olympus to the Trojans and Achaeans. Tell me, then, how do you propose to end this present fighting?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.37–53", "orig": "τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·\nἝκτορος ὄρσωμεν κρατερὸν μένος ἱπποδάμοιο,\nἤν τινά που Δαναῶν προκαλέσσεται οἰόθεν οἶος\nἀντίβιον μαχέσασθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι,\nοἳ δέ κʼ ἀγασσάμενοι χαλκοκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nοἶον ἐπόρσειαν πολεμίζειν Ἕκτορι δίῳ.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.\nτῶν δʼ Ἕλενος Πριάμοιο φίλος παῖς σύνθετο θυμῷ\nβουλήν, ἥ ῥα θεοῖσιν ἐφήνδανε μητιόωσι·\nστῆ δὲ παρʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἝκτορ υἱὲ Πριάμοιο Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντε\nἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο, κασίγνητος δέ τοί εἰμι·\nἄλλους μὲν κάθισον Τρῶας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιούς,\nαὐτὸς δὲ προκάλεσσαι Ἀχαιῶν ὅς τις ἄριστος\nἀντίβιον μαχέσασθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι·\nοὐ γάρ πώ τοι μοῖρα θανεῖν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν·\nὣς γὰρ ἐγὼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσα θεῶν αἰειγενετάων.", "en": "Apollo, son of Jove, replied, “Let us incite great Hector to challenge some one of the Danaans in single combat; on this the Achaeans will be shamed into finding a man who will fight him.”\nMinerva assented, and Helenus son of Priam divined the counsel of the gods; he therefore went up to Hector and said, “Hector son of Priam, peer of gods in counsel, I am your brother, let me then persuade you. Bid the other Trojans and Achaeans all of them take their seats, and challenge the best man among the Achaeans to meet you in single combat. I have heard the voice of the ever-living gods, and the hour of your doom is not yet come.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.54–72", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτε χάρη μέγα μῦθον ἀκούσας,\nκαί ῥʼ ἐς μέσσον ἰὼν Τρώων ἀνέεργε φάλαγγας,\nμέσσου δουρὸς ἑλών· οἳ δʼ ἱδρύνθησαν ἅπαντες.\nκὰδ δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων εἷσεν ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς·\nκὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων\nἑζέσθην ὄρνισιν ἐοικότες αἰγυπιοῖσι\nφηγῷ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο\nἀνδράσι τερπόμενοι· τῶν δὲ στίχες εἵατο πυκναὶ\nἀσπίσι καὶ κορύθεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσι πεφρικυῖαι.\nοἵη δὲ Ζεφύροιο ἐχεύατο πόντον ἔπι φρὶξ\nὀρνυμένοιο νέον, μελάνει δέ τε πόντος ὑπʼ αὐτῆς,\nτοῖαι ἄρα στίχες εἵατʼ Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε\nἐν πεδίῳ· Ἕκτωρ δὲ μετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἔειπε·\nκέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.\nὅρκια μὲν Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος οὐκ ἐτέλεσσεν,\nἀλλὰ κακὰ φρονέων τεκμαίρεται ἀμφοτέροισιν\nεἰς ὅ κεν ἢ ὑμεῖς Τροίην εὔπυργον ἕλητε\nἢ αὐτοὶ παρὰ νηυσὶ δαμείετε ποντοπόροισιν.", "en": "Hector was glad when he heard this saying, and went in among the Trojans, grasping his spear by the middle to hold them back, and they all sat down. Agamemnon also bade the Achaeans be seated. But Minerva and Apollo, in the likeness of vultures, perched on father Jove’s high oak tree, proud of their men; and the ranks sat close ranged together, bristling with shield and helmet and spear. As when the rising west wind furs the face of the sea and the waters grow dark beneath it, so sat the companies of Trojans and Achaeans upon the plain. And Hector spoke thus:\n“Hear me, Trojans and Achaeans, that I may speak even as I am minded; Jove on his high throne has brought our oaths and covenants to nothing, and foreshadows ill for both of us, till you either take the towers of Troy, or are yourselves vanquished at your ships. The princes of the Achaeans are here present in the midst of you;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.73–91", "orig": "ὑμῖν δʼ ἐν γὰρ ἔασιν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν·\nτῶν νῦν ὅν τινα θυμὸς ἐμοὶ μαχέσασθαι ἀνώγει\nδεῦρʼ ἴτω ἐκ πάντων πρόμος ἔμμεναι Ἕκτορι δίῳ.\nὧδε δὲ μυθέομαι, Ζεὺς δʼ ἄμμʼ ἐπιμάρτυρος ἔστω·\nεἰ μέν κεν ἐμὲ κεῖνος ἕλῃ ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ,\nτεύχεα συλήσας φερέτω κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας,\nσῶμα δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν, ὄφρα πυρός με\nΤρῶες καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι λελάχωσι θανόντα.\nεἰ δέ κʼ ἐγὼ τὸν ἕλω, δώῃ δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀπόλλων,\nτεύχεα σύλησας οἴσω προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν,\nκαὶ κρεμόω προτὶ νηὸν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκάτοιο,\nτὸν δὲ νέκυν ἐπὶ νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀποδώσω,\nὄφρά ἑ ταρχύσωσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί,\nσῆμά τέ οἱ χεύωσιν ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ.\nκαί ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἀνθρώπων\nνηῒ πολυκλήϊδι πλέων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον·\nἀνδρὸς μὲν τόδε σῆμα πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος,\nὅν ποτʼ ἀριστεύοντα κατέκτανε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.\nὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· τὸ δʼ ἐμὸν κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται.", "en": "let him, then, that will fight me stand forward as your champion against Hector. Thus I say, and may Jove be witness between us. If your champion slay me, let him strip me of my armour and take it to your ships, but let him send my body home that the Trojans and their wives may give me my dues of fire when I am dead. In like manner, if Apollo vouchsafe me glory and I slay your champion, I will strip him of his armour and take it to the city of Ilius, where I will hang it in the temple of Apollo, but I will give up his body, that the Achaeans may bury him at their ships, and then build him a mound by the wide waters of the Hellespont. Then will one say hereafter as he sails his ship over the sea, ‘This is the monument of one who died long since a champion who was slain by mighty Hector.’ Thus will one say, and my fame shall not be lost.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.92–102", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ·\nαἴδεσθεν μὲν ἀνήνασθαι, δεῖσαν δʼ ὑποδέχθαι·\nὀψὲ δὲ δὴ Μενέλαος ἀνίστατο καὶ μετέειπε\nνείκει ὀνειδίζων, μέγα δὲ στεναχίζετο θυμῷ·\nὤ μοι ἀπειλητῆρες Ἀχαιΐδες οὐκέτʼ Ἀχαιοί·\nἦ μὲν δὴ λώβη τάδε γʼ ἔσσεται αἰνόθεν αἰνῶς\nεἰ μή τις Δαναῶν νῦν Ἕκτορος ἀντίος εἶσιν.\nἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς μὲν πάντες ὕδωρ καὶ γαῖα γένοισθε\nἥμενοι αὖθι ἕκαστοι ἀκήριοι ἀκλεὲς αὔτως·\nτῷδε δʼ ἐγὼν αὐτὸς θωρήξομαι· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε\nνίκης πείρατʼ ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν.", "en": "Thus did he speak, but they all held their peace, ashamed to decline the challenge, yet fearing to accept it, till at last Menelaus rose and rebuked them, for he was angry. “Alas,” he cried, “vain braggarts, women forsooth not men, double-dyed indeed will be the stain upon us if no man of the Danaans will now face Hector. May you be turned every man of you into earth and water as you sit spiritless and inglorious in your places. I will myself go out against this man, but the upshot of the fight will be from on high in the hands of the immortal gods.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.103–119", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κατεδύσετο τεύχεα καλά.\nἔνθά κέ τοι Μενέλαε φάνη βιότοιο τελευτὴ\nἝκτορος ἐν παλάμῃσιν, ἐπεὶ πολὺ φέρτερος ἦεν,\nεἰ μὴ ἀναΐξαντες ἕλον βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν,\nαὐτός τʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nδεξιτερῆς ἕλε χειρὸς ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·\nἀφραίνεις Μενέλαε διοτρεφές, οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ\nταύτης ἀφροσύνης· ἀνὰ δὲ σχέο κηδόμενός περ,\nμηδʼ ἔθελʼ ἐξ ἔριδος σεῦ ἀμείνονι φωτὶ μάχεσθαι\nἝκτορι Πριαμίδῃ, τόν τε στυγέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι.\nκαὶ δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς τούτῳ γε μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ\nἔρριγʼ ἀντιβολῆσαι, ὅ περ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν ἵζευ ἰὼν μετὰ ἔθνος ἑταίρων,\nτούτῳ δὲ πρόμον ἄλλον ἀναστήσουσιν Ἀχαιοί.\nεἴ περ ἀδειής τʼ ἐστὶ καὶ εἰ μόθου ἔστʼ ἀκόρητος,\nφημί μιν ἀσπασίως γόνυ κάμψειν, αἴ κε φύγῃσι\nδηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος.", "en": "With these words he put on his armour; and then, O Menelaus, your life would have come to an end at the hands of hands of Hector, for he was far better the man, had not the princes of the Achaeans sprung upon you and checked you. King Agamemnon caught him by the right hand and said, “Menelaus, you are mad; a truce to this folly. Be patient in spite of passion, do not think of fighting a man so much stronger than yourself as Hector son of Priam, who is feared by many another as well as you. Even Achilles, who is far more doughty than you are, shrank from meeting him in battle. Sit down your own people, and the Achaeans will send some other champion to fight Hector; fearless and fond of battle though he be, I ween his knees will bend gladly under him if he comes out alive from the hurly-burly of this fight.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.120–141", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν παρέπεισεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως\nαἴσιμα παρειπών, ὃ δʼ ἐπείθετο· τοῦ μὲν ἔπειτα\nγηθόσυνοι θεράποντες ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο·\nΝέστωρ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνίστατο καὶ μετέειπεν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιΐδα γαῖαν ἱκάνει.\nἦ κε μέγʼ οἰμώξειε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς\nἐσθλὸς Μυρμιδόνων βουληφόρος ἠδʼ ἀγορητής,\nὅς ποτέ μʼ εἰρόμενος μέγʼ ἐγήθεεν ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ\nπάντων Ἀργείων ἐρέων γενεήν τε τόκον τε.\nτοὺς νῦν εἰ πτώσσοντας ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι πάντας ἀκούσαι,\nπολλά κεν ἀθανάτοισι φίλας ἀνὰ χεῖρας ἀείραι\nθυμὸν ἀπὸ μελέων δῦναι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.\nαἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον\nἡβῷμʼ ὡς ὅτʼ ἐπʼ ὠκυρόῳ Κελάδοντι μάχοντο\nἀγρόμενοι Πύλιοί τε καὶ Ἀρκάδες ἐγχεσίμωροι\nΦειᾶς πὰρ τείχεσσιν Ἰαρδάνου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα.\nτοῖσι δʼ Ἐρευθαλίων πρόμος ἵστατο ἰσόθεος φὼς\nτεύχεʼ ἔχων ὤμοισιν Ἀρηϊθόοιο ἄνακτος\nδίου Ἀρηϊθόου, τὸν ἐπίκλησιν κορυνήτην\nἄνδρες κίκλησκον καλλίζωνοί τε γυναῖκες\nοὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ οὐ τόξοισι μαχέσκετο δουρί τε μακρῷ,\nἀλλὰ σιδηρείῃ κορύνῃ ῥήγνυσκε φάλαγγας.", "en": "With these words of reasonable counsel he persuaded his brother, whereon his squires gladly stripped the armour from off his shoulders. Then Nestor rose and spoke, “Of a truth,” said he, “the Achaean land is fallen upon evil times. The old knight Peleus, counsellor and orator among the Myrmidons, loved when I was in his house to question me concerning the race and lineage of all the Argives. How would it not grieve him could he hear of them as now quailing before Hector? Many a time would he lift his hands in prayer that his soul might leave his body and go down within the house of Hades. Would, by father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that I were still young and strong as when the Pylians and Arcadians were gathered in fight by the rapid river Celadon under the walls of Pheia, and round about the waters of the river Iardanus. The godlike hero Ereuthalion stood forward as their champion, with the armour of King Areithous upon his shoulders, Areithous whom men and women had surnamed ‘the Mace-man,’ because he fought neither with bow nor spear, but broke the battalions of the foe with his iron mace." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.142–160", "orig": "τὸν Λυκόοργος ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε,\nστεινωπῷ ἐν ὁδῷ ὅθʼ ἄρʼ οὐ κορύνη οἱ ὄλεθρον\nχραῖσμε σιδηρείη· πρὶν γὰρ Λυκόοργος ὑποφθὰς\nδουρὶ μέσον περόνησεν, ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος οὔδει ἐρείσθη·\nτεύχεα δʼ ἐξενάριξε, τά οἱ πόρε χάλκεος Ἄρης.\nκαὶ τὰ μὲν αὐτὸς ἔπειτα φόρει μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Λυκόοργος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐγήρα,\nδῶκε δʼ Ἐρευθαλίωνι φίλῳ θεράποντι φορῆναι·\nτοῦ ὅ γε τεύχεʼ ἔχων προκαλίζετο πάντας ἀρίστους.\nοἳ δὲ μάλʼ ἐτρόμεον καὶ ἐδείδισαν, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη·\nἀλλʼ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἀνῆκε πολυτλήμων πολεμίζειν\nθάρσεϊ ᾧ· γενεῇ δὲ νεώτατος ἔσκον ἁπάντων·\nκαὶ μαχόμην οἱ ἐγώ, δῶκεν δέ μοι εὖχος Ἀθήνη.\nτὸν δὴ μήκιστον καὶ κάρτιστον κτάνον ἄνδρα·\nπολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο παρήορος ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.\nεἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι, βίη δέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη·\nτώ κε τάχʼ ἀντήσειε μάχης κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.\nὑμέων δʼ οἵ περ ἔασιν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν\nοὐδʼ οἳ προφρονέως μέμαθʼ Ἕκτορος ἀντίον ἐλθεῖν.", "en": "Lycurgus killed him, not in fair fight, but by entrapping him in a narrow way where his mace served him in no stead; for Lycurgus was too quick for him and speared him through the middle, so he fell to earth on his back. Lycurgus then spoiled him of the armour which Mars had given him, and bore it in battle thenceforward; but when he grew old and stayed at home, he gave it to his faithful squire Ereuthalion, who in this same armour challenged the foremost men among us. The others quaked and quailed, but my high spirit bade me fight him though none other would venture; I was the youngest man of them all; but when I fought him Minerva vouchsafed me victory. He was the biggest and strongest man that ever I killed, and covered much ground as he lay sprawling upon the earth. Would that I were still young and strong as I then was, for the son of Priam would then soon find one who would face him. But you, foremost among the whole host though you be, have none of you any stomach for fighting Hector.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.161–180", "orig": "ὣς νείκεσσʼ ὃ γέρων, οἳ δʼ ἐννέα πάντες ἀνέσταν.\nὦρτο πολὺ πρῶτος μὲν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο κρατερὸς Διομήδης,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκήν,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος\nΜηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός,\nἂν δὲ Θόας Ἀνδραιμονίδης καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·\nπάντες ἄρʼ οἵ γʼ ἔθελον πολεμίζειν Ἕκτορι δίῳ.\nτοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειπε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nκλήρῳ νῦν πεπάλασθε διαμπερὲς ὅς κε λάχῃσιν·\nοὗτος γὰρ δὴ ὀνήσει ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς,\nκαὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ὃν θυμὸν ὀνήσεται αἴ κε φύγῃσι\nδηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο καὶ αἰνῆς δηϊοτῆτος.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ κλῆρον ἐσημήναντο ἕκαστος,\nἐν δʼ ἔβαλον κυνέῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο.\nλαοὶ δʼ ἠρήσαντο, θεοῖσι δὲ χεῖρας ἀνέσχον·\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·\nΖεῦ πάτερ ἢ Αἴαντα λαχεῖν, ἢ Τυδέος υἱόν,\nἢ αὐτὸν βασιλῆα πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης.", "en": "Thus did the old man rebuke them, and forthwith nine men started to their feet. Foremost of all uprose King Agamemnon, and after him brave Diomed the son of Tydeus. Next were the two Ajaxes, men clothed in valour as with a garment, and then Idomeneus, and Meriones his brother in arms. After these Eurypylus son of Euaemon, Thoas the son of Andraemon, and Ulysses also rose. Then Nestor knight of Gerene again spoke, saying: “Cast lots among you to see who shall be chosen. If he come alive out of this fight he will have done good service alike to his own soul and to the Achaeans.”\nThus he spoke, and when each of them had marked his lot, and had thrown it into the helmet of Agamemnon son of Atreus, the people lifted their hands in prayer, and thus would one of them say as he looked into the vault of heaven, “Father Jove, grant that the lot fall on Ajax, or on the son of Tydeus, or upon the king of rich Mycene himself.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.181–199", "orig": "ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, πάλλεν δὲ Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,\nἐκ δʼ ἔθορε κλῆρος κυνέης ὃν ἄρʼ ἤθελον αὐτοὶ\nΑἴαντος· κῆρυξ δὲ φέρων ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἁπάντῃ\nδεῖξʼ ἐνδέξια πᾶσιν ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.\nοἳ δʼ οὐ γιγνώσκοντες ἀπηνήναντο ἕκαστος.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸν ἵκανε φέρων ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἁπάντῃ\nὅς μιν ἐπιγράψας κυνέῃ βάλε φαίδιμος Αἴας,\nἤτοι ὑπέσχεθε χεῖρʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔμβαλεν ἄγχι παραστάς,\nγνῶ δὲ κλήρου σῆμα ἰδών, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ.\nτὸν μὲν πὰρ πόδʼ ἑὸν χαμάδις βάλε φώνησέν τε·\nὦ φίλοι ἤτοι κλῆρος ἐμός, χαίρω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς\nθυμῷ, ἐπεὶ δοκέω νικησέμεν Ἕκτορα δῖον.\nἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ ὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ πολεμήϊα τεύχεα δύω,\nτόφρʼ ὑμεῖς εὔχεσθε Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι\nσιγῇ ἐφʼ ὑμείων ἵνα μὴ Τρῶές γε πύθωνται,\nἠὲ καὶ ἀμφαδίην, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινα δείδιμεν ἔμπης·\nοὐ γάρ τίς με βίῃ γε ἑκὼν ἀέκοντα δίηται\nοὐδέ τι ἰδρείῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ νήϊδά γʼ οὕτως\nἔλπομαι ἐν Σαλαμῖνι γενέσθαι τε τραφέμεν τε.", "en": "As they were speaking, Nestor knight of Gerene shook the helmet, and from it there fell the very lot which they wanted, the lot of Ajax. The herald bore it about and showed it to all the chieftains of the Achaeans, going from left to right; but they none of them owned it. When, however, in due course he reached the man who had written upon it and had put it into the helmet, brave Ajax held out his hand, and the herald gave him the lot. When Ajax saw his mark he knew it and was glad; he threw it to the ground and said, “My friends, the lot is mine, and I rejoice, for I shall vanquish Hector. I will put on my armour; meanwhile, pray to King Jove in silence among yourselves that the Trojans may not hear you, or aloud if you will, for we fear no man. None shall overcome me, neither by force nor cunning, for I was born and bred in Salamis, and can hold my own in all things.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.200–216", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ εὔχοντο Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι·\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·\nΖεῦ πάτερ Ἴδηθεν μεδέων κύδιστε μέγιστε\nδὸς νίκην Αἴαντι καὶ ἀγλαὸν εὖχος ἀρέσθαι·\nεἰ δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορά περ φιλέεις καὶ κήδεαι αὐτοῦ,\nἴσην ἀμφοτέροισι βίην καὶ κῦδος ὄπασσον.\nὣς ἄρʼ ἔφαν, Αἴας δὲ κορύσσετο νώροπι χαλκῷ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα περὶ χροῒ ἕσσατο τεύχεα,\nσεύατʼ ἔπειθʼ οἷός τε πελώριος ἔρχεται Ἄρης,\nὅς τʼ εἶσιν πόλεμον δὲ μετʼ ἀνέρας οὕς τε Κρονίων\nθυμοβόρου ἔριδος μένεϊ ξυνέηκε μάχεσθαι.\nτοῖος ἄρʼ Αἴας ὦρτο πελώριος ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν\nμειδιόων βλοσυροῖσι προσώπασι· νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν\nἤϊε μακρὰ βιβάς, κραδάων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος.\nτὸν δὲ καὶ Ἀργεῖοι μὲν ἐγήθεον εἰσορόωντες,\nΤρῶας δὲ τρόμος αἰνὸς ὑπήλυθε γυῖα ἕκαστον,\nἝκτορί τʼ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι πάτασσεν·", "en": "With this they fell praying to King Jove the son of Saturn, and thus would one of them say as he looked into the vault of heaven, “Father Jove that rulest from Ida, most glorious in power, vouchsafe victory to Ajax, and let him win great glory: but if you wish well to Hector also and would protect him, grant to each of them equal fame and prowess.”\nThus they prayed, and Ajax armed himself in his suit of gleaming bronze. When he was in full array he sprang forward as monstrous Mars when he takes part among men whom Jove has set fighting with one another, even so did huge Ajax, bulwark of the Achaeans, spring forward with a grim smile on his face as he brandished his long spear and strode onward. The Argives were elated as they beheld him, but the Trojans trembled in every limb, and the heart even of Hector beat quickly, but he could not now retreat and withdraw into the ranks behind him, for he had been the challenger." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.217–232", "orig": "ἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχεν ὑποτρέσαι οὐδʼ ἀναδῦναι\nἂψ λαῶν ἐς ὅμιλον, ἐπεὶ προκαλέσσατο χάρμῃ.\nΑἴας δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε φέρων σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον\nχάλκεον ἑπταβόειον, ὅ οἱ Τυχίος κάμε τεύχων\nσκυτοτόμων ὄχʼ ἄριστος Ὕλῃ ἔνι οἰκία ναίων,\nὅς οἱ ἐποίησεν σάκος αἰόλον ἑπταβόειον\nταύρων ζατρεφέων, ἐπὶ δʼ ὄγδοον ἤλασε χαλκόν.\nτὸ πρόσθε στέρνοιο φέρων Τελαμώνιος Αἴας\nστῆ ῥα μάλʼ Ἕκτορος ἐγγύς, ἀπειλήσας δὲ προσηύδα·\nἝκτορ νῦν μὲν δὴ σάφα εἴσεαι οἰόθεν οἶος\nοἷοι καὶ Δαναοῖσιν ἀριστῆες μετέασι\nκαὶ μετʼ Ἀχιλλῆα ῥηξήνορα θυμολέοντα.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήεσσι κορωνίσι ποντοπόροισι\nκεῖτʼ ἀπομηνίσας Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν·\nἡμεῖς δʼ εἰμὲν τοῖοι οἳ ἂν σέθεν ἀντιάσαιμεν\nκαὶ πολέες· ἀλλʼ ἄρχε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο.", "en": "Ajax came up bearing his shield in front of him like a wall, a shield of bronze with seven folds of ox-hide, the work of Tychius, who lived in Hyle and was by far the best worker in leather. He had made it with the hides of seven full-fed bulls, and over these he had set an eighth layer of bronze. Holding this shield before him, Ajax son of Telamon came close up to Hector, and menaced him saying, “Hector, you shall now learn, man to man, what kind of champions the Danaans have among them even besides lion-hearted Achilles cleaver of the ranks of men. He now abides at the ships in anger with Agamemnon shepherd of his people, but there are many of us who are well able to face you; therefore begin the fight.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.233–254", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΑἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν\nμή τί μευ ἠΰτε παιδὸς ἀφαυροῦ πειρήτιζε\nἠὲ γυναικός, ἣ οὐκ οἶδεν πολεμήϊα ἔργα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼν εὖ οἶδα μάχας τʼ ἀνδροκτασίας τε·\nοἶδʼ ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν\nἀζαλέην, τό μοι ἔστι ταλαύρινον πολεμίζειν·\nοἶδα δʼ ἐπαΐξαι μόθον ἵππων ὠκειάων·\nοἶδα δʼ ἐνὶ σταδίῃ δηΐῳ μέλπεσθαι Ἄρηϊ.\nἀλλʼ οὐ γάρ σʼ ἐθέλω βαλέειν τοιοῦτον ἐόντα\nλάθρῃ ὀπιπεύσας, ἀλλʼ ἀμφαδόν, αἴ κε τύχωμι.\nἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ βάλεν Αἴαντος δεινὸν σάκος ἑπταβόειον\nἀκρότατον κατὰ χαλκόν, ὃς ὄγδοος ἦεν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.\nἓξ δὲ διὰ πτύχας ἦλθε δαΐζων χαλκὸς ἀτειρής,\nἐν τῇ δʼ ἑβδομάτῃ ῥινῷ σχέτο· δεύτερος αὖτε\nΑἴας διογενὴς προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ βάλε Πριαμίδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην.\nδιὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε φαεινῆς ὄβριμον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ διὰ θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου ἠρήρειστο·\nἀντικρὺ δὲ παραὶ λαπάρην διάμησε χιτῶνα\nἔγχος· ὃ δʼ ἐκλίνθη καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν.", "en": "And Hector answered, “Noble Ajax, son of Telamon, captain of the host, treat me not as though I were some puny boy or woman that cannot fight. I have been long used to the blood and butcheries of battle. I am quick to turn my leathern shield either to right or left, for this I deem the main thing in battle. I can charge among the chariots and horsemen, and in hand to hand fighting can delight the heart of Mars; howbeit I would not take such a man as you are off his guard, but I will smite you openly if I can.”\nHe poised his spear as he spoke, and hurled it from him. It struck the sevenfold shield in its outermost layer, the eighth, which was of bronze, and went through six of the layers but in the seventh hide it stayed. Then Ajax threw in his turn, and struck the round shield of the son of Priam. The terrible spear went through his gleaming shield, and pressed onward through his cuirass of cunning workmanship; it pierced the shirt against his side, but he swerved and thus saved his life." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.255–267", "orig": "τὼ δʼ ἐκσπασσαμένω δολίχʼ ἔγχεα χερσὶν ἅμʼ ἄμφω\nσύν ῥʼ ἔπεσον λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισιν\nἢ συσὶ κάπροισιν, τῶν τε σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν.\nΠριαμίδης μὲν ἔπειτα μέσον σάκος οὔτασε δουρί,\nοὐδʼ ἔρρηξεν χαλκός, ἀνεγνάμφθη δέ οἱ αἰχμή.\nΑἴας δʼ ἀσπίδα νύξεν ἐπάλμενος· ἣ δὲ διαπρὸ\nἤλυθεν ἐγχείη, στυφέλιξε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα,\nτμήδην δʼ αὐχένʼ ἐπῆλθε, μέλαν δʼ ἀνεκήκιεν αἷμα,\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς ἀπέληγε μάχης κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ,\nἀλλʼ ἀναχασσάμενος λίθον εἵλετο χειρὶ παχείῃ\nκείμενον ἐν πεδίῳ μέλανα τρηχύν τε μέγαν τε·\nτῷ βάλεν Αἴαντος δεινὸν σάκος ἑπταβόειον\nμέσσον ἐπομφάλιον· περιήχησεν δʼ ἄρα χαλκός.", "en": "They then each of them drew out the spear from his shield, and fell on one another like savage lions or wild boars of great strength and endurance: the son of Priam struck the middle of Ajax’s shield, but the bronze did not break, and the point of his dart was turned. Ajax then sprang forward and pierced the shield of Hector; the spear went through it and staggered him as he was springing forward to attack; it gashed his neck and the blood came pouring from the wound, but even so Hector did not cease fighting; he gave ground, and with his brawny hand seized a stone, rugged and huge, that was lying upon the plain; with this he struck the shield of Ajax on the boss that was in its middle, so that the bronze rang again. But Ajax in turn caught up a far larger stone, swung it aloft, and hurled it with prodigious force." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.268–286", "orig": "δεύτερος αὖτʼ Αἴας πολὺ μείζονα λᾶαν ἀείρας\nἧκʼ ἐπιδινήσας, ἐπέρεισε δὲ ἶνʼ ἀπέλεθρον,\nεἴσω δʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔαξε βαλὼν μυλοειδέϊ πέτρῳ,\nβλάψε δέ οἱ φίλα γούναθʼ· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐξετανύσθη\nἀσπίδι ἐγχριμφθείς· τὸν δʼ αἶψʼ ὤρθωσεν Ἀπόλλων.\nκαί νύ κε δὴ ξιφέεσσʼ αὐτοσχεδὸν οὐτάζοντο,\nεἰ μὴ κήρυκες Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν\nἦλθον, ὃ μὲν Τρώων, ὃ δʼ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,\nΤαλθύβιός τε καὶ Ἰδαῖος πεπνυμένω ἄμφω·\nμέσσῳ δʼ ἀμφοτέρων σκῆπτρα σχέθον, εἶπέ τε μῦθον\nκῆρυξ Ἰδαῖος πεπνυμένα μήδεα εἰδώς·\nμηκέτι παῖδε φίλω πολεμίζετε μηδὲ μάχεσθον·\nἀμφοτέρω γὰρ σφῶϊ φιλεῖ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς,\nἄμφω δʼ αἰχμητά· τό γε δὴ καὶ ἴδμεν ἅπαντες.\nνὺξ δʼ ἤδη τελέθει· ἀγαθὸν καὶ νυκτὶ πιθέσθαι.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·\nἸδαῖʼ Ἕκτορα ταῦτα κελεύετε μυθήσασθαι·\nαὐτὸς γὰρ χάρμῃ προκαλέσσατο πάντας ἀρίστους.\nἀρχέτω· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ μάλα πείσομαι ᾗ περ ἂν οὗτος.", "en": "This millstone of a rock broke Hector’s shield inwards and threw him down on his back with the shield crushing him under it, but Apollo raised him at once. Thereon they would have hacked at one another in close combat with their swords, had not heralds, messengers of gods and men, come forward, one from the Trojans and the other from the Achaeans, Talthybius and Idaeus both of them honourable men; these parted them with their staves, and the good herald Idaeus said, “My sons, fight no longer, you are both of you valiant, and both are dear to Jove; we know this; but night is now falling, and the behests of night may not be well gainsaid.”\nAjax son of Telamon answered, “Idaeus, bid Hector say so, for it was he that challenged our princes. Let him speak first and I will accept his saying.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.287–302", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΑἶαν ἐπεί τοι δῶκε θεὸς μέγεθός τε βίην τε\nκαὶ πινυτήν, περὶ δʼ ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι,\nνῦν μὲν παυσώμεσθα μάχης καὶ δηϊοτῆτος\nσήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς ὅ κε δαίμων\nἄμμε διακρίνῃ, δώῃ δʼ ἑτέροισί γε νίκην.\nνὺξ δʼ ἤδη τελέθει· ἀγαθὸν καὶ νυκτὶ πιθέσθαι,\nὡς σύ τʼ ἐϋφρήνῃς πάντας παρὰ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιούς,\nσούς τε μάλιστα ἔτας καὶ ἑταίρους, οἵ τοι ἔασιν·\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κατὰ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος\nΤρῶας ἐϋφρανέω καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους,\nαἵ τέ μοι εὐχόμεναι θεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα.\nδῶρα δʼ ἄγʼ ἀλλήλοισι περικλυτὰ δώομεν ἄμφω,\nὄφρά τις ὧδʼ εἴπῃσιν Ἀχαιῶν τε Τρώων τε·\nἠμὲν ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι θυμοβόροιο,\nἠδʼ αὖτʼ ἐν φιλότητι διέτμαγεν ἀρθμήσαντε.", "en": "Then Hector said, “Ajax, heaven has vouchsafed you stature and strength, and judgement; and in wielding the spear you excel all others of the Achaeans. Let us for this day cease fighting; hereafter we will fight anew till heaven decide between us, and give victory to one or to the other; night is now falling, and the behests of night may not be well gainsaid. Gladden, then, the hearts of the Achaeans at your ships, and more especially those of your own followers and clansmen, while I, in the great city of King Priam, bring comfort to the Trojans and their women, who vie with one another in their prayers on my behalf. Let us, moreover, exchange presents that it may be said among the Achaeans and Trojans, ‘They fought with might and main, but were reconciled and parted in friendship.’”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.303–322", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας δῶκε ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον\nσὺν κολεῷ τε φέρων καὶ ἐϋτμήτῳ τελαμῶνι·\nΑἴας δὲ ζωστῆρα δίδου φοίνικι φαεινόν.\nτὼ δὲ διακρινθέντε ὃ μὲν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν\nἤϊʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐς Τρώων ὅμαδον κίε· τοὶ δὲ χάρησαν,\nὡς εἶδον ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα προσιόντα,\nΑἴαντος προφυγόντα μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους·\nκαί ῥʼ ἦγον προτὶ ἄστυ ἀελπτέοντες σόον εἶναι.\nΑἴαντʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nεἰς Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον ἄγον κεχαρηότα νίκῃ.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίῃσιν ἐν Ἀτρεΐδαο γένοντο,\nτοῖσι δὲ βοῦν ἱέρευσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nἄρσενα πενταέτηρον ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι.\nτὸν δέρον ἀμφί θʼ ἕπον, καί μιν διέχευαν ἅπαντα,\nμίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρʼ ἐπισταμένως πεῖράν τʼ ὀβελοῖσιν,\nὄπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα,\nδαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης·\nνώτοισιν δʼ Αἴαντα διηνεκέεσσι γέραιρεν\nἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.", "en": "On this he gave Ajax a silver-studded sword with its sheath and leathern baldric, and in return Ajax gave him a girdle dyed with purple. Thus they parted, the one going to the host of the Achaeans, and the other to that of the Trojans, who rejoiced when they saw their hero come to them safe and unharmed from the strong hands of mighty Ajax. They led him, therefore, to the city as one that had been saved beyond their hopes. On the other side the Achaeans brought Ajax elated with victory to Agamemnon.\nWhen they reached the quarters of the son of Atreus, Agamemnon sacrificed for them a five-year-old bull in honour of Jove the son of Saturn. They flayed the carcass, made it ready, and divided it into joints; these they cut carefully up into smaller pieces, putting them on the spits, roasting them sufficiently, and then drawing them off. When they had done all this and had prepared the feast, they ate it, and every man had his full and equal share, so that all were satisfied, and King Agamemnon gave Ajax some slices cut lengthways down the loin, as a mark of special honour." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.323–343", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,\nτοῖς ὁ γέρων πάμπρωτος ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν\nΝέστωρ, οὗ καὶ πρόσθεν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή·\nὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·\nἈτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν,\nπολλοὶ γὰρ τεθνᾶσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί,\nτῶν νῦν αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐΰρροον ἀμφὶ Σκάμανδρον\nἐσκέδασʼ ὀξὺς Ἄρης, ψυχαὶ δʼ Ἄϊδος δὲ κατῆλθον·\nτώ σε χρὴ πόλεμον μὲν ἅμʼ ἠοῖ παῦσαι Ἀχαιῶν,\nαὐτοὶ δʼ ἀγρόμενοι κυκλήσομεν ἐνθάδε νεκροὺς\nβουσὶ καὶ ἡμιόνοισιν· ἀτὰρ κατακήομεν αὐτοὺς\nτυτθὸν ἀπὸ πρὸ νεῶν, ὥς κʼ ὀστέα παισὶν ἕκαστος\nοἴκαδʼ ἄγῃ ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε νεώμεθα πατρίδα γαῖαν.\nτύμβον δʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὴν ἕνα χεύομεν ἐξαγαγόντες\nἄκριτον ἐκ πεδίου· ποτὶ δʼ αὐτὸν δείμομεν ὦκα\nπύργους ὑψηλοὺς εἶλαρ νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν.\nἐν δʼ αὐτοῖσι πύλας ποιήσομεν εὖ ἀραρυίας,\nὄφρα διʼ αὐτάων ἱππηλασίη ὁδὸς εἴη·\nἔκτοσθεν δὲ βαθεῖαν ὀρύξομεν ἐγγύθι τάφρον,\nἥ χʼ ἵππον καὶ λαὸν ἐρυκάκοι ἀμφὶς ἐοῦσα,\nμή ποτʼ ἐπιβρίσῃ πόλεμος Τρώων ἀγερώχων.", "en": "As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, old Nestor whose counsel was ever truest began to speak; with all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:\n“Son of Atreus, and other chieftains, inasmuch as many of the Achaeans are now dead, whose blood Mars has shed by the banks of the Scamander, and their souls have gone down to the house of Hades, it will be well when morning comes that we should cease fighting; we will then wheel our dead together with oxen and mules and burn them not far from the ships, that when we sail hence we may take the bones of our comrades home to their children. Hard by the funeral pyre we will build a barrow that shall be raised from the plain for all in common; near this let us set about building a high wall, to shelter ourselves and our ships, and let it have well-made gates that there may be a way through them for our chariots. Close outside we will dig a deep trench all round it to keep off both horse and foot, that the Trojan chieftains may not bear hard upon us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.344–364", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνησαν βασιλῆες.\nΤρώων αὖτʼ ἀγορὴ γένετʼ Ἰλίου ἐν πόλει ἄκρῃ\nδεινὴ τετρηχυῖα, παρὰ Πριάμοιο θύρῃσι·\nτοῖσιν δʼ Ἀντήνωρ πεπνυμένος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν·\nκέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι,\nὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.\nδεῦτʼ ἄγετʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην καὶ κτήμαθʼ ἅμʼ αὐτῇ\nδώομεν Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν ἄγειν· νῦν δʼ ὅρκια πιστὰ\nψευσάμενοι μαχόμεσθα· τὼ οὔ νύ τι κέρδιον ἡμῖν\nἔλπομαι ἐκτελέεσθαι, ἵνα μὴ ῥέξομεν ὧδε.\nἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη\nδῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο,\nὅς μιν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἈντῆνορ σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις·\nοἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι.\nεἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ τοῦτον ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις,\nἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπειτα θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν αὐτοί.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Τρώεσσι μεθʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἀγορεύσω·\nἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπόφημι γυναῖκα μὲν οὐκ ἀποδώσω·\nκτήματα δʼ ὅσσʼ ἀγόμην ἐξ Ἄργεος ἡμέτερον δῶ\nπάντʼ ἐθέλω δόμεναι καὶ οἴκοθεν ἄλλʼ ἐπιθεῖναι.", "en": "Thus he spoke, and the princes shouted in applause. Meanwhile the Trojans held a council, angry and full of discord, on the acropolis by the gates of King Priam’s palace; and wise Antenor spoke. “Hear me,” he said, “Trojans, Dardanians, and allies, that I may speak even as I am minded. Let us give up Argive Helen and her wealth to the sons of Atreus, for we are now fighting in violation of our solemn covenants, and shall not prosper till we have done as I say.”\nHe then sat down and Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen rose to speak. “Antenor,” said he, “your words are not to my liking; you can find a better saying than this if you will; if, however, you have spoken in good earnest, then indeed has heaven robbed you of your reason. I will speak plainly, and hereby notify to the Trojans that I will not give up the woman; but the wealth that I brought home with her from Argos I will restore, and will add yet further of my own.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.365–378", "orig": "ἤτοι ὅ γʼ ὣς εἰπὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο· τοῖσι δʼ ἀνέστη\nΔαρδανίδης Πρίαμος, θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος,\nὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπε·\nκέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι,\nὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.\nνῦν μὲν δόρπον ἕλεσθε κατὰ πτόλιν ὡς τὸ πάρος περ,\nκαὶ φυλακῆς μνήσασθε καὶ ἐγρήγορθε ἕκαστος·\nἠῶθεν δʼ Ἰδαῖος ἴτω κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας\nεἰπέμεν Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ\nμῦθον Ἀλεξάνδροιο, τοῦ εἵνεκα νεῖκος ὄρωρε·\nκαὶ δὲ τόδʼ εἰπέμεναι πυκινὸν ἔπος, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωσι\nπαύσασθαι πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, εἰς ὅ κε νεκροὺς\nκήομεν· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς ὅ κε δαίμων\nἄμμε διακρίνῃ, δώῃ δʼ ἑτέροισί γε νίκην.", "en": "On this, when Paris had spoken and taken his seat, Priam of the race of Dardanus, peer of gods in council, rose and with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: “Hear me, Trojans, Dardanians, and allies, that I may speak even as I am minded. Get your suppers now as hitherto throughout the city, but keep your watches and be wakeful. At daybreak let Idaeus go to the ships, and tell Agamemnon and Menelaus sons of Atreus the saying of Alexandrus through whom this quarrel has come about; and let him also be instant with them that they now cease fighting till we burn our dead; hereafter we will fight anew, till heaven decide between us and give victory to one or to the other.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.379–397", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδʼ ἐπίθοντο·\nδόρπον ἔπειθʼ εἵλοντο κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσιν·\nἠῶθεν δʼ Ἰδαῖος ἔβη κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας·\nτοὺς δʼ εὗρʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ Δαναοὺς θεράποντας Ἄρηος\nνηῒ πάρα πρύμνῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος· αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖσι\nστὰς ἐν μέσσοισιν μετεφώνεεν ἠπύτα κῆρυξ·\nἈτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν\nἠνώγει Πρίαμός τε καὶ ἄλλοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοὶ\nεἰπεῖν, αἴ κέ περ ὔμμι φίλον καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο,\nμῦθον Ἀλεξάνδροιο, τοῦ εἵνεκα νεῖκος ὄρωρε·\nκτήματα μὲν ὅσʼ Ἀλέξανδρος κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσὶν\nἠγάγετο Τροίηνδʼ· ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλʼ ἀπολέσθαι·\nπάντʼ ἐθέλει δόμεναι καὶ οἴκοθεν ἄλλʼ ἐπιθεῖναι·\nκουριδίην δʼ ἄλοχον Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο\nοὔ φησιν δώσειν· ἦ μὴν Τρῶές γε κέλονται.\nκαὶ δὲ τόδʼ ἠνώγεον εἰπεῖν ἔπος αἴ κʼ ἐθέλητε\nπαύσασθαι πολέμοιο δυσηχέος εἰς ὅ κε νεκροὺς\nκήομεν· ὕστερον αὖτε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς ὅ κε δαίμων\nἄμμε διακρίνῃ, δώῃ δʼ ἑτέροισί γε νίκην.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. They took supper in their companies and at daybreak Idaeus went his way to the ships. He found the Danaans, servants of Mars, in council at the stern of Agamemnon’s ship, and took his place in the midst of them. “Son of Atreus,” he said, “and princes of the Achaean host, Priam and the other noble Trojans have sent me to tell you the saying of Alexandrus through whom this quarrel has come about, if so be that you may find it acceptable. All the treasure he took with him in his ships to Troy, would that he had sooner perished, he will restore, and will add yet further of his own, but he will not give up the wedded wife of Menelaus, though the Trojans would have him do so. Priam bade me inquire further if you will cease fighting till we burn our dead; hereafter we will fight anew, till heaven decide between us and give victory to one or to the other.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.398–411", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ·\nὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nμήτʼ ἄρ τις νῦν κτήματʼ Ἀλεξάνδροιο δεχέσθω\nμήθʼ Ἑλένην· γνωτὸν δὲ καὶ ὃς μάλα νήπιός ἐστιν\nὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατʼ ἐφῆπται.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπίαχον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nμῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο·\nκαὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Ἰδαῖον προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nἸδαῖʼ ἤτοι μῦθον Ἀχαιῶν αὐτὸς ἀκούεις\nὥς τοι ὑποκρίνονται· ἐμοὶ δʼ ἐπιανδάνει οὕτως\nἀμφὶ δὲ νεκροῖσιν κατακαιέμεν οὔ τι μεγαίρω·\nοὐ γάρ τις φειδὼ νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων\nγίγνετʼ ἐπεί κε θάνωσι πυρὸς μειλισσέμεν ὦκα.\nὅρκια δὲ Ζεὺς ἴστω ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης.", "en": "They all held their peace, but presently Diomed of the loud war-cry spoke, saying, “Let there be no taking, neither treasure, nor yet Helen, for even a child may see that the doom of the Trojans is at hand.”\nThe sons of the Achaeans shouted applause at the words that Diomed had spoken, and thereon King Agamemnon said to Idaeus, “Idaeus, you have heard the answer the Achaeans make you and I with them. But as concerning the dead, I give you leave to burn them, for when men are once dead there should be no grudging them the rites of fire. Let Jove the mighty husband of Juno be witness to this covenant.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.412–432", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν τὸ σκῆπτρον ἀνέσχεθε πᾶσι θεοῖσιν,\nἄψορρον δʼ Ἰδαῖος ἔβη προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν.\nοἳ δʼ ἕατʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ Τρῶες καὶ Δαρδανίωνες\nπάντες ὁμηγερέες, ποτιδέγμενοι ὁππότʼ ἄρʼ ἔλθοι\nἸδαῖος· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἦλθε καὶ ἀγγελίην ἀπέειπε\nστὰς ἐν μέσσοισιν· τοὶ δʼ ὁπλίζοντο μάλʼ ὦκα,\nἀμφότερον νέκυάς τʼ ἀγέμεν ἕτεροι δὲ μεθʼ ὕλην·\nἈργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋσσέλμων ἀπὸ νηῶν\nὀτρύνοντο νέκυς τʼ ἀγέμεν, ἕτεροι δὲ μεθʼ ὕλην.\nἨέλιος μὲν ἔπειτα νέον προσέβαλλεν ἀρούρας\nἐξ ἀκαλαρρείταο βαθυρρόου Ὠκεανοῖο\nοὐρανὸν εἰσανιών· οἳ δʼ ἤντεον ἀλλήλοισιν.\nἔνθα διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·\nἀλλʼ ὕδατι νίζοντες ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα\nδάκρυα θερμὰ χέοντες ἀμαξάων ἐπάειραν.\nοὐδʼ εἴα κλαίειν Πρίαμος μέγας· οἳ δὲ σιωπῇ\nνεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ,\nἐν δὲ πυρὶ πρήσαντες ἔβαν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρήν.\nὣς δʼ αὔτως ἑτέρωθεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nνεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπινήνεον ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ,\nἐν δὲ πυρὶ πρήσαντες ἔβαν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.", "en": "As he spoke he upheld his sceptre in the sight of all the gods, and Idaeus went back to the strong city of Ilius. The Trojans and Dardanians were gathered in council waiting his return; when he came, he stood in their midst and delivered his message. As soon as they heard it they set about their twofold labour, some to gather the corpses, and others to bring in wood. The Argives on their part also hastened from their ships, some to gather the corpses, and others to bring in wood.\nThe sun was beginning to beat upon the fields, fresh risen into the vault of heaven from the slow still currents of deep Oceanus, when the two armies met. They could hardly recognise their dead, but they washed the clotted gore from off them, shed tears over them, and lifted them upon their waggons. Priam had forbidden the Trojans to wail aloud, so they heaped their dead sadly and silently upon the pyre, and having burned them went back to the city of Ilius. The Achaeans in like manner heaped their dead sadly and silently on the pyre, and having burned them went back to their ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.433–443", "orig": "ἦμος δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ πω ἠώς, ἔτι δʼ ἀμφιλύκη νύξ,\nτῆμος ἄρʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὴν κριτὸς ἔγρετο λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν,\nτύμβον δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὴν ἕνα ποίεον ἐξαγαγόντες\nἄκριτον ἐκ πεδίου, ποτὶ δʼ αὐτὸν τεῖχος ἔδειμαν\nπύργους θʼ ὑψηλούς, εἶλαρ νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν.\nἐν δʼ αὐτοῖσι πύλας ἐνεποίεον εὖ ἀραρυίας,\nὄφρα διʼ αὐτάων ἱππηλασίη ὁδὸς εἴη·\nἔκτοσθεν δὲ βαθεῖαν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τάφρον ὄρυξαν\nεὐρεῖαν μεγάλην, ἐν δὲ σκόλοπας κατέπηξαν.\nὣς οἳ μὲν πονέοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί·\nοἳ δὲ θεοὶ πὰρ Ζηνὶ καθήμενοι ἀστεροπητῇ", "en": "Now in the twilight when it was not yet dawn, chosen bands of the Achaeans were gathered round the pyre and built one barrow that was raised in common for all, and hard by this they built a high wall to shelter themselves and their ships; they gave it strong gates that there might be a way through them for their chariots, and close outside it they dug a trench deep and wide, and they planted it within with stakes." }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.444–463", "orig": "θηεῦντο μέγα ἔργον Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.\nτοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·\nΖεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τίς ἐστι βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν\nὅς τις ἔτʼ ἀθανάτοισι νόον καὶ μῆτιν ἐνίψει;\nοὐχ ὁράᾳς ὅτι δʼ αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nτεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕπερ, ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον\nἤλασαν, οὐδὲ θεοῖσι δόσαν κλειτὰς ἑκατόμβας;\nτοῦ δʼ ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τʼ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς·\nτοῦ δʼ ἐπιλήσονται τὸ ἐγὼ καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nἥρῳ Λαομέδοντι πολίσσαμεν ἀθλήσαντε.\nτὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nὢ πόποι ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οἷον ἔειπες.\nἄλλός κέν τις τοῦτο θεῶν δείσειε νόημα,\nὃς σέο πολλὸν ἀφαυρότερος χεῖράς τε μένος τε·\nσὸν δʼ ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τʼ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς.\nἄγρει μὰν ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nοἴχωνται σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nτεῖχος ἀναρρήξας τὸ μὲν εἰς ἅλα πᾶν καταχεῦαι,\nαὖτις δʼ ἠϊόνα μεγάλην ψαμάθοισι καλύψαι,\nὥς κέν τοι μέγα τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνηται Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Thus did the Achaeans toil, and the gods, seated by the side of Jove the lord of lightning, marvelled at their great work; but Neptune, lord of the earthquake, spoke, saying, “Father Jove, what mortal in the whole world will again take the gods into his counsel? See you not how the Achaeans have built a wall about their ships and driven a trench all round it, without offering hecatombs to the gods? The fame of this wall will reach as far as dawn itself, and men will no longer think anything of the one which Phoebus Apollo and myself built with so much labour for Laomedon.”\nJove was displeased and answered, “What, O shaker of the earth, are you talking about? A god less powerful than yourself might be alarmed at what they are doing, but your fame reaches as far as dawn itself. Surely when the Achaeans have gone home with their ships, you can shatter their wall and fling it into the sea; you can cover the beach with sand again, and the great wall of the Achaeans will then be utterly effaced.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 7.464–482", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,\nδύσετο δʼ ἠέλιος, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον Ἀχαιῶν,\nβουφόνεον δὲ κατὰ κλισίας καὶ δόρπον ἕλοντο.\nνῆες δʼ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέσταν οἶνον ἄγουσαι\nπολλαί, τὰς προέηκεν Ἰησονίδης Εὔνηος,\nτόν ῥʼ ἔτεχʼ Ὑψιπύλη ὑπʼ Ἰήσονι ποιμένι λαῶν.\nχωρὶς δʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ\nδῶκεν Ἰησονίδης ἀγέμεν μέθυ χίλια μέτρα.\nἔνθεν οἰνίζοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί,\nἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δʼ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ,\nἄλλοι δὲ ῥινοῖς, ἄλλοι δʼ αὐτῇσι βόεσσιν,\nἄλλοι δʼ ἀνδραπόδεσσι· τίθεντο δὲ δαῖτα θάλειαν.\nπαννύχιοι μὲν ἔπειτα κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nδαίνυντο, Τρῶες δὲ κατὰ πτόλιν ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι·\nπαννύχιος δέ σφιν κακὰ μήδετο μητίετα Ζεὺς\nσμερδαλέα κτυπέων· τοὺς δὲ χλωρὸν δέος ᾕρει·\nοἶνον δʼ ἐκ δεπάων χαμάδις χέον, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη\nπρὶν πιέειν πρὶν λεῖψαι ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι.\nκοιμήσαντʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ὕπνου δῶρον ἕλοντο.", "en": "Thus did they converse, and by sunset the work of the Achaeans was completed; they then slaughtered oxen at their tents and got their supper. Many ships had come with wine from Lemnos, sent by Eueneus the son of Jason, born to him by Hypsipyle. The son of Jason freighted them with ten thousand measures of wine, which he sent specially to the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus. From this supply the Achaeans bought their wine, some with bronze, some with iron, some with hides, some with whole heifers, and some again with captives. They spread a goodly banquet and feasted the whole night through, as also did the Trojans and their allies in the city. But all the time Jove boded them ill and roared with his portentous thunder. Pale fear got hold upon them, and they spilled the wine from their cups on to the ground, nor did any dare drink till he had made offerings to the most mighty son of Saturn. Then they laid themselves down to rest and enjoyed the boon of sleep." } ], "8": [ { "ref": "Iliad 8.1–20", "orig": "Ἠὼς μὲν κροκόπεπλος ἐκίδνατο πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν,\nΖεὺς δὲ θεῶν ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο τερπικέραυνος\nἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο·\nαὐτὸς δέ σφʼ ἀγόρευε, θεοὶ δʼ ὑπὸ πάντες ἄκουον·\nκέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι,\nὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει.\nμήτέ τις οὖν θήλεια θεὸς τό γε μήτέ τις ἄρσην\nπειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος, ἀλλʼ ἅμα πάντες\nαἰνεῖτʼ, ὄφρα τάχιστα τελευτήσω τάδε ἔργα.\nὃν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε θεῶν ἐθέλοντα νοήσω\nἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηγέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσι\nπληγεὶς οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ἐλεύσεται Οὔλυμπον δέ·\nἤ μιν ἑλὼν ῥίψω ἐς Τάρταρον ἠερόεντα\nτῆλε μάλʼ, ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον,\nἔνθα σιδήρειαί τε πύλαι καὶ χάλκεος οὐδός,\nτόσσον ἔνερθʼ Ἀΐδεω ὅσον οὐρανός ἐστʼ ἀπὸ γαίης·\nγνώσετʼ ἔπειθʼ ὅσον εἰμὶ θεῶν κάρτιστος ἁπάντων.\nεἰ δʼ ἄγε πειρήσασθε θεοὶ ἵνα εἴδετε πάντες·\nσειρὴν χρυσείην ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες\nπάντές τʼ ἐξάπτεσθε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι·", "en": "Now when Morning, clad in her robe of saffron, had begun to suffuse light over the earth, Jove called the gods in council on the topmost crest of serrated Olympus. Then he spoke and all the other gods gave ear. “Hear me,” said he, “gods and goddesses, that I may speak even as I am minded. Let none of you neither goddess nor god try to cross me, but obey me every one of you that I may bring this matter to an end. If I see anyone acting apart and helping either Trojans or Danaans, he shall be beaten inordinately ere he come back again to Olympus; or I will hurl him down into dark Tartarus far into the deepest pit under the earth, where the gates are iron and the floor bronze, as far beneath Hades as heaven is high above the earth, that you may learn how much the mightiest I am among you. Try me and find out for yourselves. Hangs me a golden chain from heaven, and lay hold of it all of you, gods and goddesses together, tug as you will, you will not drag Jove the supreme counsellor from heaven to earth;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.21–40", "orig": "ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐρύσαιτʼ ἐξ οὐρανόθεν πεδίον δὲ\nΖῆνʼ ὕπατον μήστωρʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα πολλὰ κάμοιτε.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ πρόφρων ἐθέλοιμι ἐρύσσαι,\nαὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαιμʼ αὐτῇ τε θαλάσσῃ·\nσειρὴν μέν κεν ἔπειτα περὶ ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο\nδησαίμην, τὰ δέ κʼ αὖτε μετήορα πάντα γένοιτο.\nτόσσον ἐγὼ περί τʼ εἰμὶ θεῶν περί τʼ εἴμʼ ἀνθρώπων.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἱ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ\nμῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι· μάλα γὰρ κρατερῶς ἀγόρευσεν.\nὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nὦ πάτερ ἡμέτερε Κρονίδη ὕπατε κρειόντων\nεὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι σθένος οὐκ ἐπιεικτόν·\nἀλλʼ ἔμπης Δαναῶν ὀλοφυρόμεθʼ αἰχμητάων,\nοἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι πολέμου μὲν ἀφεξόμεθʼ ὡς σὺ κελεύεις·\nβουλὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ὑποθησόμεθʼ ἥ τις ὀνήσει,\nὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται ὀδυσσαμένοιο τεοῖο.\nτὴν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nθάρσει Τριτογένεια φίλον τέκος· οὔ νύ τι θυμῷ\nπρόφρονι μυθέομαι, ἐθέλω δέ τοι ἤπιος εἶναι.", "en": "but were I to pull at it myself I should draw you up with earth and sea into the bargain, then would I bind the chain about some pinnacle of Olympus and leave you all dangling in the mid firmament. So far am I above all others either of gods or men.”\nThey were frightened and all of them of held their peace, for he had spoken masterfully; but at last Minerva answered, “Father, son of Saturn, king of kings, we all know that your might is not to be gainsaid, but we are also sorry for the Danaan warriors, who are perishing and coming to a bad end. We will, however, since you so bid us, refrain from actual fighting, but we will make serviceable suggestions to the Argives that they may not all of them perish in your displeasure.”\nJove smiled at her and answered, “Take heart, my child, Trito-born; I am not really in earnest, and I wish to be kind to you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.41–59", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω\nὠκυπέτα χρυσέῃσιν ἐθείρῃσιν κομόωντε,\nχρυσὸν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δʼ ἱμάσθλην\nχρυσείην εὔτυκτον, ἑοῦ δʼ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου,\nμάστιξεν δʼ ἐλάαν· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην\nμεσσηγὺς γαίης τε καὶ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος.\nἼδην δʼ ἵκανεν πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν\nΓάργαρον, ἔνθά τέ οἱ τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις.\nἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε\nλύσας ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ἠέρα πουλὺν ἔχευεν.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐν κορυφῇσι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων\nεἰσορόων Τρώων τε πόλιν καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρα δεῖπνον ἕλοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nῥίμφα κατὰ κλισίας, ἀπὸ δʼ αὐτοῦ θωρήσσοντο.\nΤρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀνὰ πτόλιν ὁπλίζοντο\nπαυρότεροι· μέμασαν δὲ καὶ ὧς ὑσμῖνι μάχεσθαι\nχρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ, πρό τε παίδων καὶ πρὸ γυναικῶν.\nπᾶσαι δʼ ὠΐγνυντο πύλαι, ἐκ δʼ ἔσσυτο λαός,\nπεζοί θʼ ἱππῆές τε· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.", "en": "With this he yoked his fleet horses, with hoofs of bronze and manes of glittering gold. He girded himself also with gold about the body, seized his gold whip and took his seat in his chariot. Thereon he lashed his horses and they flew forward nothing loth midway twixt earth and starry heaven. After a while he reached many-fountained Ida, mother of wild beasts, and Gargarus, where are his grove and fragrant altar. There the father of gods and men stayed his horses, took them from the chariot, and hid them in a thick cloud; then he took his seat all glorious upon the topmost crests, looking down upon the city of Troy and the ships of the Achaeans.\nThe Achaeans took their morning meal hastily at the ships, and afterwards put on their armour. The Trojans on the other hand likewise armed themselves throughout the city, fewer in numbers but nevertheless eager perforce to do battle for their wives and children. All the gates were flung wide open, and horse and foot sallied forth with the tramp as of a great multitude." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.60–77", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐς χῶρον ἕνα ξυνιόντες ἵκοντο\nσύν ῥʼ ἔβαλον ῥινούς, σὺν δʼ ἔγχεα καὶ μένεʼ ἀνδρῶν\nχαλκεοθωρήκων· ἀτὰρ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι\nἔπληντʼ ἀλλήλῃσι, πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.\nἔνθα δʼ ἅμʼ οἰμωγή τε καὶ εὐχωλὴ πέλεν ἀνδρῶν\nὀλλύντων τε καὶ ὀλλυμένων, ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα.\nὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ,\nτόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός.\nἦμος δʼ Ἠέλιος μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβεβήκει,\nκαὶ τότε δὴ χρύσεια πατὴρ ἐτίταινε τάλαντα·\nἐν δʼ ἐτίθει δύο κῆρε τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο\nΤρώων θʼ ἱπποδάμων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,\nἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών· ῥέπε δʼ αἴσιμον ἦμαρ Ἀχαιῶν.\nαἳ μὲν Ἀχαιῶν κῆρες ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ\nἑζέσθην, Τρώων δὲ πρὸς οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἄερθεν·\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐξ Ἴδης μεγάλʼ ἔκτυπε, δαιόμενον δὲ\nἧκε σέλας μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες\nθάμβησαν, καὶ πάντας ὑπὸ χλωρὸν δέος εἷλεν.", "en": "When they were got together in one place, shield clashed with shield, and spear with spear, in the conflict of mail-clad men. Mighty was the din as the bossed shields pressed hard on one another, death, cry and shout of triumph of slain and slayers, and the earth ran red with blood.\nNow so long as the day waxed and it was still morning their weapons beat against one another, and the people fell, but when the sun had reached mid-heaven, the sire of all balanced his golden scales, and put two fates of death within them, one for the Trojans and the other for the Achaeans. He took the balance by the middle, and when he lifted it up the day of the Achaeans sank; the death-fraught scale of the Achaeans settled down upon the ground, while that of the Trojans rose heavenwards. Then he thundered aloud from Ida, and sent the glare of his lightning upon the Achaeans; when they saw this, pale fear fell upon them and they were sore afraid." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.78–96", "orig": "ἔνθʼ οὔτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς τλῆ μίμνειν οὔτʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,\nοὔτε δύʼ Αἴαντες μενέτην θεράποντες Ἄρηος·\nΝέστωρ οἶος ἔμιμνε Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν\nοὔ τι ἑκών, ἀλλʼ ἵππος ἐτείρετο, τὸν βάλεν ἰῷ\nδῖος Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο\nἄκρην κὰκ κορυφήν, ὅθι τε πρῶται τρίχες ἵππων\nκρανίῳ ἐμπεφύασι, μάλιστα δὲ καίριόν ἐστιν.\nἀλγήσας δʼ ἀνέπαλτο, βέλος δʼ εἰς ἐγκέφαλον δῦ,\nσὺν δʼ ἵππους ἐτάραξε κυλινδόμενος περὶ χαλκῷ.\nὄφρʼ ὁ γέρων ἵπποιο παρηορίας ἀπέταμνε\nφασγάνῳ ἀΐσσων, τόφρʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι\nἦλθον ἀνʼ ἰωχμὸν θρασὺν ἡνίοχον φορέοντες\nἝκτορα· καί νύ κεν ἔνθʼ ὁ γέρων ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὄλεσσεν\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nσμερδαλέον δʼ ἐβόησεν ἐποτρύνων Ὀδυσῆα·\nδιογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ\nπῇ φεύγεις μετὰ νῶτα βαλὼν κακὸς ὣς ἐν ὁμίλῳ;\nμή τίς τοι φεύγοντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πήξῃ·\nἀλλὰ μένʼ ὄφρα γέροντος ἀπώσομεν ἄγριον ἄνδρα.", "en": "Idomeneus dared not stay nor yet Agamemnon, nor did the two Ajaxes, servants of Mars, hold their ground. Nestor knight of Gerene alone stood firm, bulwark of the Achaeans, not of his own will, but one of his horses was disabled. Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen had hit it with an arrow just on the top of its head where the mane begins to grow away from the skull, a very deadly place. The horse bounded in his anguish as the arrow pierced his brain, and his struggles threw others into confusion. The old man instantly began cutting the traces with his sword, but Hector’s fleet horses bore down upon him through the rout with their bold charioteer, even Hector himself, and the old man would have perished there and then had not Diomed been quick to mark, and with a loud cry called Ulysses to help him.\n“Ulysses,” he cried, “noble son of Laertes where are you flying to, with your back turned like a coward? See that you are not struck with a spear between the shoulders. Stay here and help me to defend Nestor from this man’s furious onset.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.97–111", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἐσάκουσε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,\nἀλλὰ παρήϊξεν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.\nΤυδεΐδης δʼ αὐτός περ ἐὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη,\nστῆ δὲ πρόσθʼ ἵππων Νηληϊάδαο γέροντος,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὦ γέρον ἦ μάλα δή σε νέοι τείρουσι μαχηταί,\nσὴ δὲ βίη λέλυται, χαλεπὸν δέ σε γῆρας ὀπάζει,\nἠπεδανὸς δέ νύ τοι θεράπων, βραδέες δέ τοι ἵπποι.\nἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐμῶν ὀχέων ἐπιβήσεο, ὄφρα ἴδηαι\nοἷοι Τρώϊοι ἵπποι ἐπιστάμενοι πεδίοιο\nκραιπνὰ μάλʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα διωκέμεν ἠδὲ φέβεσθαι,\nοὕς ποτʼ ἀπʼ Αἰνείαν ἑλόμην μήστωρε φόβοιο.\nτούτω μὲν θεράποντε κομείτων, τώδε δὲ νῶϊ\nΤρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἰθύνομεν, ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ\nεἴσεται εἰ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν.", "en": "Ulysses would not give ear, but sped onward to the ships of the Achaeans, and the son of Tydeus flinging himself alone into the thick of the fight took his stand before the horses of the son of Neleus. “Sir,” said he, “these young warriors are pressing you hard, your force is spent, and age is heavy upon you, your squire is naught, and your horses are slow to move. Mount my chariot and see what the horses of Tros can do, how cleverly they can scud hither and thither over the plain either in flight or in pursuit. I took them from the hero Aeneas. Let our squires attend to your own steeds, but let us drive mine straight at the Trojans, that Hector may learn how furiously I too can wield my spear.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.112–129", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ.\nΝεστορέας μὲν ἔπειθʼ ἵππους θεράποντε κομείτην\nἴφθιμοι Σθένελός τε καὶ Εὐρυμέδων ἀγαπήνωρ.\nτὼ δʼ εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην·\nΝέστωρ δʼ ἐν χείρεσσι λάβʼ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,\nμάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους· τάχα δʼ Ἕκτορος ἄγχι γένοντο.\nτοῦ δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτος ἀκόντισε Τυδέος υἱός·\nκαὶ τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, ὃ δʼ ἡνίοχον θεράποντα\nυἱὸν ὑπερθύμου Θηβαίου Ἠνιοπῆα\nἵππων ἡνίʼ ἔχοντα βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν.\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπερώησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε.\nἝκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἡνιόχοιο·\nτὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασε καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου\nκεῖσθαι, ὃ δʼ ἡνίοχον μέθεπε θρασύν· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν\nἵππω δευέσθην σημάντορος· αἶψα γὰρ εὗρεν\nἸφιτίδην Ἀρχεπτόλεμον θρασύν, ὅν ῥα τόθʼ ἵππων\nὠκυπόδων ἐπέβησε, δίδου δέ οἱ ἡνία χερσίν.", "en": "Nestor knight of Gerene hearkened to his words. Thereon the doughty squires, Sthenelus and kind-hearted Eurymedon, saw to Nestor’s horses, while the two both mounted Diomed’s chariot. Nestor took the reins in his hands and lashed the horses on; they were soon close up with Hector, and the son of Tydeus aimed a spear at him as he was charging full speed towards them. He missed him, but struck his charioteer and squire Eniopeus son of noble Thebaeus in the breast by the nipple while the reins were in his hands, so that he died there and then, and the horses swerved as he fell headlong from the chariot. Hector was greatly grieved at the loss of his charioteer, but let him lie for all his sorrow, while he went in quest of another driver; nor did his steeds have to go long without one, for he presently found brave Archeptolemus the son of Iphitus, and made him get up behind the horses, giving the reins into his hand." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.130–150", "orig": "ἔνθά κε λοιγὸς ἔην καὶ ἀμήχανα ἔργα γένοντο,\nκαί νύ κε σήκασθεν κατὰ Ἴλιον ἠΰτε ἄρνες,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·\nβροντήσας δʼ ἄρα δεινὸν ἀφῆκʼ ἀργῆτα κεραυνόν,\nκὰδ δὲ πρόσθʼ ἵππων Διομήδεος ἧκε χαμᾶζε·\nδεινὴ δὲ φλὸξ ὦρτο θεείου καιομένοιο,\nτὼ δʼ ἵππω δείσαντε καταπτήτην ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι·\nΝέστορα δʼ ἐκ χειρῶν φύγον ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,\nδεῖσε δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν θυμῷ, Διομήδεα δὲ προσέειπε·\nΤυδεΐδη ἄγε δʼ αὖτε φόβον δʼ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.\nἦ οὐ γιγνώσκεις ὅ τοι ἐκ Διὸς οὐχ ἕπετʼ ἀλκή;\nνῦν μὲν γὰρ τούτῳ Κρονίδης Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει\nσήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε καὶ ἡμῖν, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι,\nδώσει· ἀνὴρ δέ κεν οὔ τι Διὸς νόον εἰρύσσαιτο\nοὐδὲ μάλʼ ἴφθιμος, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐστι.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·\nἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει·\nἝκτωρ γάρ ποτε φήσει ἐνὶ Τρώεσσʼ ἀγορεύων·\nΤυδεΐδης ὑπʼ ἐμεῖο φοβεύμενος ἵκετο νῆας.\nὥς ποτʼ ἀπειλήσει· τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών.", "en": "All had then been lost and no help for it, for they would have been penned up in Ilius like sheep, had not the sire of gods and men been quick to mark, and hurled a fiery flaming thunderbolt which fell just in front of Diomed’s horses with a flare of burning brimstone. The horses were frightened and tried to back beneath the car, while the reins dropped from Nestor’s hands. Then he was afraid and said to Diomed, “Son of Tydeus, turn your horses in flight; see you not that the hand of Jove is against you? To-day he vouchsafes victory to Hector; to-morrow, if it so please him, he will again grant it to ourselves; no man, however brave, may thwart the purpose of Jove, for he is far stronger than any.”\nDiomed answered, “All that you have said is true; there is a grief however which pierces me to the very heart, for Hector will talk among the Trojans and say, ‘The son of Tydeus fled before me to the ships.’ This is the vaunt he will make, and may earth then swallow me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.151–166", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nὤ μοι Τυδέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος, οἷον ἔειπες.\nεἴ περ γάρ σʼ Ἕκτωρ γε κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει,\nἀλλʼ οὐ πείσονται Τρῶες καὶ Δαρδανίωνες\nκαὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι μεγαθύμων ἀσπιστάων,\nτάων ἐν κονίῃσι βάλες θαλεροὺς παρακοίτας.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας φύγαδε τράπε μώνυχας ἵππους\nαὖτις ἀνʼ ἰωχμόν· ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶές τε καὶ Ἕκτωρ\nἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ βέλεα στονόεντα χέοντο.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ μακρὸν ἄϋσε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΤυδεΐδη περὶ μέν σε τίον Δαναοὶ ταχύπωλοι\nἕδρῃ τε κρέασίν τε ἰδὲ πλείοις δεπάεσσι·\nνῦν δέ σʼ ἀτιμήσουσι· γυναικὸς ἄρʼ ἀντὶ τέτυξο.\nἔρρε κακὴ γλήνη, ἐπεὶ οὐκ εἴξαντος ἐμεῖο\nπύργων ἡμετέρων ἐπιβήσεαι, οὐδὲ γυναῖκας\nἄξεις ἐν νήεσσι· πάρος τοι δαίμονα δώσω.", "en": "“Son of Tydeus,” replied Nestor, “what mean you? Though Hector say that you are a coward the Trojans and Dardanians will not believe him, nor yet the wives of the mighty warriors whom you have laid low.”\nSo saying he turned the horses back through the thick of the battle, and with a cry that rent the air the Trojans and Hector rained their darts after them. Hector shouted to him and said, “Son of Tydeus, the Danaans have done you honour hitherto as regards your place at table, the meals they give you, and the filling of your cup with wine. Henceforth they will despise you, for you are become no better than a woman. Be off, girl and coward that you are, you shall not scale our walls through any flinching upon my part; neither shall you carry off our wives in your ships, for I shall kill you with my own hand.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.167–183", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, Τυδεΐδης δὲ διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν\nἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι.\nτρὶς μὲν μερμήριξε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,\nτρὶς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων κτύπε μητίετα Ζεὺς\nσῆμα τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην.\nἝκτωρ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nΤρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ\nἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.\nγιγνώσκω δʼ ὅτι μοι πρόφρων κατένευσε Κρονίων\nνίκην καὶ μέγα κῦδος, ἀτὰρ Δαναοῖσί γε πῆμα·\nνήπιοι οἳ ἄρα δὴ τάδε τείχεα μηχανόωντο\nἀβλήχρʼ οὐδενόσωρα· τὰ δʼ οὐ μένος ἁμὸν ἐρύξει·\nἵπποι δὲ ῥέα τάφρον ὑπερθορέονται ὀρυκτήν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε κεν δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι γένωμαι,\nμνημοσύνη τις ἔπειτα πυρὸς δηΐοιο γενέσθω,\nὡς πυρὶ νῆας ἐνιπρήσω, κτείνω δὲ καὶ αὐτοὺς\nἈργείους παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀτυζομένους ὑπὸ καπνοῦ.", "en": "The son of Tydeus was in two minds whether or no to turn his horses round again and fight him. Thrice did he doubt, and thrice did Jove thunder from the heights of Ida in token to the Trojans that he would turn the battle in their favour. Hector then shouted to them and said, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians, lovers of close fighting, be men, my friends, and fight with might and with main; I see that Jove is minded to vouchsafe victory and great glory to myself, while he will deal destruction upon the Danaans. Fools, for having thought of building this weak and worthless wall. It shall not stay my fury; my horses will spring lightly over their trench, and when I am at their ships forget not to bring me fire that I may burn them, while I slaughter the Argives who will be all dazed and bewildered by the smoke.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.184–197", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο φώνησέν τε·\nΞάνθέ τε καὶ σὺ Πόδαργε καὶ Αἴθων Λάμπέ τε δῖε\nνῦν μοι τὴν κομιδὴν ἀποτίνετον, ἣν μάλα πολλὴν\nἈνδρομάχη θυγάτηρ μεγαλήτορος Ἠετίωνος\nὑμῖν πὰρ προτέροισι μελίφρονα πυρὸν ἔθηκεν\nοἶνόν τʼ ἐγκεράσασα πιεῖν, ὅτε θυμὸς ἀνώγοι,\nἢ ἐμοί, ὅς πέρ οἱ θαλερὸς πόσις εὔχομαι εἶναι.\nἀλλʼ ἐφομαρτεῖτον καὶ σπεύδετον ὄφρα λάβωμεν\nἀσπίδα Νεστορέην, τῆς νῦν κλέος οὐρανὸν ἵκει\nπᾶσαν χρυσείην ἔμεναι, κανόνας τε καὶ αὐτήν,\nαὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο\nδαιδάλεον θώρηκα, τὸν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων.\nεἰ τούτω κε λάβοιμεν, ἐελποίμην κεν Ἀχαιοὺς\nαὐτονυχὶ νηῶν ἐπιβησέμεν ὠκειάων.", "en": "Then he cried to his horses, “Xanthus and Podargus, and you Aethon and goodly Lampus, pay me for your keep now and for all the honey-sweet corn with which Andromache daughter of great Eetion has fed you, and for she has mixed wine and water for you to drink whenever you would, before doing so even for me who am her own husband. Haste in pursuit, that we may take the shield of Nestor, the fame of which ascends to heaven, for it is of solid gold, arm-rods and all, and that we may strip from the shoulders of Diomed the cuirass which Vulcan made him. Could we take these two things, the Achaeans would set sail in their ships this self-same night.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.198–211", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, νεμέσησε δὲ πότνια Ἥρη,\nσείσατο δʼ εἰνὶ θρόνῳ, ἐλέλιξε δὲ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,\nκαί ῥα Ποσειδάωνα μέγαν θεὸν ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nὢ πόποι ἐννοσίγαιʼ εὐρυσθενές, οὐδέ νυ σοί περ\nὀλλυμένων Δαναῶν ὀλοφύρεται ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός.\nοἳ δέ τοι εἰς Ἑλίκην τε καὶ Αἰγὰς δῶρʼ ἀνάγουσι\nπολλά τε καὶ χαρίεντα· σὺ δέ σφισι βούλεο νίκην.\nεἴ περ γάρ κʼ ἐθέλοιμεν, ὅσοι Δαναοῖσιν ἀρωγοί,\nΤρῶας ἀπώσασθαι καὶ ἐρυκέμεν εὐρύοπα Ζῆν,\nαὐτοῦ κʼ ἔνθʼ ἀκάχοιτο καθήμενος οἶος ἐν Ἴδῃ.\nτὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη κρείων ἐνοσίχθων·\nἭρη ἀπτοεπὲς ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.\nοὐκ ἂν ἔγωγʼ ἐθέλοιμι Διὶ Κρονίωνι μάχεσθαι\nἡμέας τοὺς ἄλλους, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐστιν.", "en": "Thus did he vaunt, but Queen Juno made high Olympus quake as she shook with rage upon her throne. Then said she to the mighty god of Neptune, “What now, wide ruling lord of the earthquake? Can you find no compassion in your heart for the dying Danaans, who bring you many a welcome offering to Helice and to Aegae? Wish them well then. If all of us who are with the Danaans were to drive the Trojans back and keep Jove from helping them, he would have to sit there sulking alone on Ida.”\nKing Neptune was greatly troubled and answered, “Juno, rash of tongue, what are you talking about? We other gods must not set ourselves against Jove, for he is far stronger than we are.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.212–227", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·\nτῶν δʼ ὅσον ἐκ νηῶν ἀπὸ πύργου τάφρος ἔεργε\nπλῆθεν ὁμῶς ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἀσπιστάων\nεἰλομένων· εἴλει δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ\nἝκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκε.\nκαί νύ κʼ ἐνέπρησεν πυρὶ κηλέῳ νῆας ἐΐσας,\nεἰ μὴ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πότνια Ἥρη\nαὐτῷ ποιπνύσαντι θοῶς ὀτρῦναι Ἀχαιούς.\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nπορφύρεον μέγα φᾶρος ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παχείῃ,\nστῆ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆος μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ μελαίνῃ,\nἥ ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε γεγωνέμεν ἀμφοτέρωσε,\nἠμὲν ἐπʼ Αἴαντος κλισίας Τελαμωνιάδαο\nἠδʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, τοί ῥʼ ἔσχατα νῆας ἐΐσας\nεἴρυσαν, ἠνορέῃ πίσυνοι καὶ κάρτεϊ χειρῶν·\nἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·", "en": "Thus did they converse; but the whole space enclosed by the ditch, from the ships even to the wall, was filled with horses and warriors, who were pent up there by Hector son of Priam, now that the hand of Jove was with him. He would even have set fire to the ships and burned them, had not Queen Juno put it into the mind of Agamemnon, to bestir himself and to encourage the Achaeans. To this end he went round the ships and tents carrying a great purple cloak, and took his stand by the huge black hull of Ulysses’ ship, which was middlemost of all; it was from this place that his voice would carry farthest, on the one hand towards the tents of Ajax son of Telamon, and on the other towards those of Achilles, for these two heroes, well assured of their own strength, had valorously drawn up their ships at the two ends of the line. From this spot then, with a voice that could be heard afar, he shouted to the Danaans, saying, “Argives, shame" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.228–244", "orig": "αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κάκʼ ἐλέγχεα, εἶδος ἀγητοί·\nπῇ ἔβαν εὐχωλαί, ὅτε δὴ φάμεν εἶναι ἄριστοι,\nἃς ὁπότʼ ἐν Λήμνῳ κενεαυχέες ἠγοράασθε,\nἔσθοντες κρέα πολλὰ βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων\nπίνοντες κρητῆρας ἐπιστεφέας οἴνοιο,\nΤρώων ἄνθʼ ἑκατόν τε διηκοσίων τε ἕκαστος\nστήσεσθʼ ἐν πολέμῳ· νῦν δʼ οὐδʼ ἑνὸς ἄξιοί εἰμεν\nἝκτορος, ὃς τάχα νῆας ἐνιπρήσει πυρὶ κηλέῳ.\nΖεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τινʼ ἤδη ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων\nτῇδʼ ἄτῃ ἄασας καί μιν μέγα κῦδος ἀπηύρας;\nοὐ μὲν δή ποτέ φημι τεὸν περικαλλέα βωμὸν\nνηῒ πολυκλήϊδι παρελθέμεν ἐνθάδε ἔρρων,\nἀλλʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσι βοῶν δημὸν καὶ μηρίʼ ἔκηα\nἱέμενος Τροίην εὐτείχεον ἐξαλαπάξαι.\nἀλλὰ Ζεῦ τόδε πέρ μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·\nαὐτοὺς δή περ ἔασον ὑπεκφυγέειν καὶ ἀλύξαι,\nμηδʼ οὕτω Τρώεσσιν ἔα δάμνασθαι Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "on you cowardly creatures, brave in semblance only; where are now our vaunts that we should prove victorious, the vaunts we made so vaingloriously in Lemnos, when we ate the flesh of horned cattle and filled our mixing-bowls to the brim? You vowed that you would each of you stand against a hundred or two hundred men, and now you prove no match even for one, for Hector, who will be ere long setting our ships in a blaze. Father Jove, did you ever so ruin a great king and rob him so utterly of his greatness? Yet, when to my sorrow I was coming hither, I never let my ship pass your altars without offering the fat and thigh-bones of heifers upon every one of them, so eager was I to sack the city of Troy. Vouchsafe me then this prayer, suffer us to escape at any rate with our lives, and let not the Achaeans be so utterly vanquished by the Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.245–260", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τὸν δὲ πατὴρ ὀλοφύρατο δάκρυ χέοντα,\nνεῦσε δέ οἱ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι οὐδʼ ἀπολέσθαι.\nαὐτίκα δʼ αἰετὸν ἧκε τελειότατον πετεηνῶν,\nνεβρὸν ἔχοντʼ ὀνύχεσσι τέκος ἐλάφοιο ταχείης·\nπὰρ δὲ Διὸς βωμῷ περικαλλέϊ κάββαλε νεβρόν,\nἔνθα πανομφαίῳ Ζηνὶ ῥέζεσκον Ἀχαιοί.\nοἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν εἴδονθʼ ὅ τʼ ἄρʼ ἐκ Διὸς ἤλυθεν ὄρνις,\nμᾶλλον ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.\nἔνθʼ οὔ τις πρότερος Δαναῶν πολλῶν περ ἐόντων\nεὔξατο Τυδεΐδαο πάρος σχέμεν ὠκέας ἵππους\nτάφρου τʼ ἐξελάσαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι,\nἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτος Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν\nΦραδμονίδην Ἀγέλαον· ὃ μὲν φύγαδʼ ἔτραπεν ἵππους·\nτῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν\nὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσεν·\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.", "en": "Thus did he pray, and father Jove pitying his tears vouchsafed him that his people should live, not die; forthwith he sent them an eagle, most unfailingly portentous of all birds, with a young fawn in its talons; the eagle dropped the fawn by the altar on which the Achaeans sacrificed to Jove the lord of omens; when, therefore, the people saw that the bird had come from Jove, they sprang more fiercely upon the Trojans and fought more boldly.\nThere was no man of all the many Danaans who could then boast that he had driven his horses over the trench and gone forth to fight sooner than the son of Tydeus; long before any one else could do so he slew an armed warrior of the Trojans, Agelaus the son of Phradmon. He had turned his horses in flight, but the spear struck him in the back midway between his shoulders and went right through his chest, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell forward from his chariot." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.261–279", "orig": "τὸν δὲ μετʼ Ἀτρεΐδαι Ἀγαμέμνων καὶ Μενέλαος,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκήν,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος\nΜηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός·\nΤεῦκρος δʼ εἴνατος ἦλθε παλίντονα τόξα τιταίνων,\nστῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπʼ Αἴαντος σάκεϊ Τελαμωνιάδαο.\nἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ὑπεξέφερεν σάκος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως\nπαπτήνας, ἐπεὶ ἄρ τινʼ ὀϊστεύσας ἐν ὁμίλῳ\nβεβλήκοι, ὃ μὲν αὖθι πεσὼν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὄλεσσεν,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτις ἰὼν πάϊς ὣς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν\nεἰς Αἴανθʼ· ὃ δέ μιν σάκεϊ κρύπτασκε φαεινῷ.\nἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον Τρώων ἕλε Τεῦκρος ἀμύμων;\nὈρσίλοχον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Ὄρμενον ἠδʼ Ὀφελέστην\nΔαίτορά τε Χρομίον τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Λυκοφόντην\nκαὶ Πολυαιμονίδην Ἀμοπάονα καὶ Μελάνιππον,\nπάντας ἐπασσυτέρους πέλασε χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ.\nτὸν δὲ ἰδὼν γήθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nτόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ Τρώων ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας·", "en": "After him came Agamemnon and Menelaus, sons of Atreus, the two Ajaxes clothed in valour as with a garment, Idomeneus and his companion in arms Meriones, peer of murderous Mars, and Eurypylus the brave son of Euaemon. Ninth came Teucer with his bow, and took his place under cover of the shield of Ajax son of Telamon. When Ajax lifted his shield Teucer would peer round, and when he had hit any one in the throng, the man would fall dead; then Teucer would hie back to Ajax as a child to its mother, and again duck down under his shield.\nWhich of the Trojans did brave Teucer first kill? Orsilochus, and then Ormenus and Ophelestes, Daetor, Chromius, and godlike Lycophontes, Amopaon son of Polyaemon, and Melanippus. All these in turn did he lay low upon the earth, and King Agamemnon was glad when he saw him making havoc of the Trojans with his mighty bow." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.280–299", "orig": "στῆ δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·\nΤεῦκρε φίλη κεφαλή, Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν\nβάλλʼ οὕτως, αἴ κέν τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένηαι\nπατρί τε σῷ Τελαμῶνι, ὅ σʼ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα,\nκαί σε νόθον περ ἐόντα κομίσσατο ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ·\nτὸν καὶ τηλόθʼ ἐόντα ἐϋκλείης ἐπίβησον.\nσοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐξερέω ὡς καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·\nαἴ κέν μοι δώῃ Ζεύς τʼ αἰγίοχος καὶ Ἀθήνη\nἸλίου ἐξαλαπάξαι ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον,\nπρώτῳ τοι μετʼ ἐμὲ πρεσβήϊον ἐν χερὶ θήσω,\nἢ τρίποδʼ ἠὲ δύω ἵππους αὐτοῖσιν ὄχεσφιν\nἠὲ γυναῖχʼ, ἥ κέν τοι ὁμὸν λέχος εἰσαναβαίνοι.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε Τεῦκρος ἀμύμων·\nἈτρεΐδη κύδιστε τί με σπεύδοντα καὶ αὐτὸν\nὀτρύνεις; οὐ μέν τοι ὅση δύναμίς γε πάρεστι\nπαύομαι, ἀλλʼ ἐξ οὗ προτὶ Ἴλιον ὠσάμεθʼ αὐτοὺς\nἐκ τοῦ δὴ τόξοισι δεδεγμένος ἄνδρας ἐναίρω.\nὀκτὼ δὴ προέηκα τανυγλώχινας ὀϊστούς,\nπάντες δʼ ἐν χροῒ πῆχθεν ἀρηϊθόων αἰζηῶν·\nτοῦτον δʼ οὐ δύναμαι βαλέειν κύνα λυσσητῆρα.", "en": "He went up to him and said, “Teucer, man after my own heart, son of Telamon, captain among the host, shoot on, and be at once the saving of the Danaans and the glory of your father Telamon, who brought you up and took care of you in his own house when you were a child, bastard though you were. Cover him with glory though he is far off; I will promise and I will assuredly perform; if aegis-bearing Jove and Minerva grant me to sack the city of Ilius, you shall have the next best meed of honour after my own, a tripod, or two horses with their chariot, or a woman who shall go up into your bed.”\nAnd Teucer answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, you need not urge me; from the moment we began to drive them back to Ilius, I have never ceased so far as in me lies to look out for men whom I can shoot and kill; I have shot eight barbed shafts, and all of them have been buried in the flesh of warlike youths, but this mad dog I cannot hit.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.300–316", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄλλον ὀϊστὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ἴαλλεν\nἝκτορος ἀντικρύ, βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θυμός·\nκαὶ τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀμύμονα Γοργυθίωνα\nυἱὸν ἐῢν Πριάμοιο κατὰ στῆθος βάλεν ἰῷ,\nτόν ῥʼ ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν ὀπυιομένη τέκε μήτηρ\nκαλὴ Καστιάνειρα δέμας ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσι.\nμήκων δʼ ὡς ἑτέρωσε κάρη βάλεν, ἥ τʼ ἐνὶ κήπῳ\nκαρπῷ βριθομένη νοτίῃσί τε εἰαρινῇσιν,\nὣς ἑτέρωσʼ ἤμυσε κάρη πήληκι βαρυνθέν.\nΤεῦκρος δʼ ἄλλον ὀϊστὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ἴαλλεν\nἝκτορος ἀντικρύ, βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θυμός.\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε καὶ τόθʼ ἅμαρτε· παρέσφηλεν γὰρ Ἀπόλλων·\nἀλλʼ Ἀρχεπτόλεμον θρασὺν Ἕκτορος ἡνιοχῆα\nἱέμενον πόλεμον δὲ βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν·\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπερώησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nὠκύποδες· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε.\nἝκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἡνιόχοιο·", "en": "As he spoke he aimed another arrow straight at Hector, for he was bent on hitting him; nevertheless he missed him, and the arrow hit Priam’s brave son Gorgythion in the breast. His mother, fair Castianeira, lovely as a goddess, had been married from Aesyme, and now he bowed his head as a garden poppy in full bloom when it is weighed down by showers in spring, even thus heavy bowed his head beneath the weight of his helmet.\nAgain he aimed at Hector, for he was longing to hit him, and again his arrow missed, for Apollo turned it aside; but he hit Hector’s brave charioteer Archeptolemus in the breast, by the nipple, as he was driving furiously into the fight. The horses swerved aside as he fell headlong from the chariot, and there was no life left in him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.317–334", "orig": "τὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασε καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου,\nΚεβριόνην δʼ ἐκέλευσεν ἀδελφεὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα\nἵππων ἡνίʼ ἑλεῖν· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀπίθησεν ἀκούσας.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο χαμαὶ θόρε παμφανόωντος\nσμερδαλέα ἰάχων· ὃ δὲ χερμάδιον λάβε χειρί,\nβῆ δʼ ἰθὺς Τεύκρου, βαλέειν δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἀνώγει.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν φαρέτρης ἐξείλετο πικρὸν ὀϊστόν,\nθῆκε δʼ ἐπὶ νευρῇ· τὸν δʼ αὖ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nαὐερύοντα παρʼ ὦμον, ὅθι κληῒς ἀποέργει\nαὐχένα τε στῆθός τε, μάλιστα δὲ καίριόν ἐστι,\nτῇ ῥʼ ἐπὶ οἷ μεμαῶτα βάλεν λίθῳ ὀκριόεντι,\nῥῆξε δέ οἱ νευρήν· νάρκησε δὲ χεὶρ ἐπὶ καρπῷ,\nστῆ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριπών, τόξον δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.\nΑἴας δʼ οὐκ ἀμέλησε κασιγνήτοιο πεσόντος,\nἀλλὰ θέων περίβη καί οἱ σάκος ἀμφεκάλυψε.\nτὸν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ὑποδύντε δύω ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι\nΜηκιστεὺς Ἐχίοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ἀλάστωρ\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς φερέτην βαρέα στενάχοντα.", "en": "Hector was greatly grieved at the loss of his charioteer, but for all his sorrow he let him lie where he fell, and bade his brother Cebriones, who was hard by, take the reins. Cebriones did as he had said. Hector thereon with a loud cry sprang from his chariot to the ground, and seizing a great stone made straight for Teucer with intent to kill him. Teucer had just taken an arrow from his quiver and had laid it upon the bowstring, but Hector struck him with the jagged stone as he was taking aim and drawing the string to his shoulder; he hit him just where the collar-bone divides the neck from the chest, a very deadly place, and broke the sinew of his arm so that his wrist was less, and the bow dropped from his hand as he fell forward on his knees. Ajax saw that his brother had fallen, and running towards him bestrode him and sheltered him with his shield. Meanwhile his two trusty squires, Mecisteus son of Echius, and Alastor, came up and bore him to the ships groaning in his great pain." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.335–349", "orig": "ἂψ δʼ αὖτις Τρώεσσιν Ὀλύμπιος ἐν μένος ὦρσεν·\nοἳ δʼ ἰθὺς τάφροιο βαθείης ὦσαν Ἀχαιούς·\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι κίε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς ἀγρίου ἠὲ λέοντος\nἅπτηται κατόπισθε ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκων\nἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε, ἑλισσόμενόν τε δοκεύει,\nὣς Ἕκτωρ ὤπαζε κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς,\nαἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον· οἳ δὲ φέβοντο.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ διά τε σκόλοπας καὶ τάφρον ἔβησαν\nφεύγοντες, πολλοὶ δὲ δάμεν Τρώων ὑπὸ χερσίν,\nοἳ μὲν δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐρητύοντο μένοντες,\nἀλλήλοισί τε κεκλόμενοι καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι\nχεῖρας ἀνίσχοντες μεγάλʼ εὐχετόωντο ἕκαστος·\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἀμφιπεριστρώφα καλλίτριχας ἵππους\nΓοργοῦς ὄμματʼ ἔχων ἠδὲ βροτολοιγοῦ Ἄρηος.", "en": "Jove now again put heart into the Trojans, and they drove the Achaeans to their deep trench with Hector in all his glory at their head. As a hound grips a wild boar or lion in flank or buttock when he gives him chase, and watches warily for his wheeling, even so did Hector follow close upon the Achaeans, ever killing the hindmost as they rushed panic-stricken onwards. When they had fled through the set stakes and trench and many Achaeans had been laid low at the hands of the Trojans, they halted at their ships, calling upon one another and praying every man instantly as they lifted up their hands to the gods; but Hector wheeled his horses this way and that, his eyes glaring like those of Gorgo or murderous Mars." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.350–363", "orig": "τοὺς δὲ ἰδοῦσʼ ἐλέησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,\nαἶψα δʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος οὐκέτι νῶϊ\nὀλλυμένων Δαναῶν κεκαδησόμεθʼ ὑστάτιόν περ;\nοἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται\nἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς ῥιπῇ, ὃ δὲ μαίνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτῶς\nἝκτωρ Πριαμίδης, καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε.\nτὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nκαὶ λίην οὗτός γε μένος θυμόν τʼ ὀλέσειε\nχερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων φθίμενος ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ·\nἀλλὰ πατὴρ οὑμὸς φρεσὶ μαίνεται οὐκ ἀγαθῇσι\nσχέτλιος, αἰὲν ἀλιτρός, ἐμῶν μενέων ἀπερωεύς·\nοὐδέ τι τῶν μέμνηται, ὅ οἱ μάλα πολλάκις υἱὸν\nτειρόμενον σώεσκον ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων.", "en": "Juno when she saw them had pity upon them, and at once said to Minerva, “Alas, child of aegis-bearing Jove, shall you and I take no more thought for the dying Danaans, though it be the last time we ever do so? See how they perish and come to a bad end before the onset of but a single man. Hector the son of Priam rages with intolerable fury, and has already done great mischief.”\nMinerva answered, “Would, indeed, this fellow might die in his own land, and fall by the hands of the Achaeans; but my father Jove is mad with spleen, ever foiling me, ever headstrong and unjust. He forgets how often I saved his son when he was worn out by the labours Eurystheus had laid on him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.364–380", "orig": "ἤτοι ὃ μὲν κλαίεσκε πρὸς οὐρανόν, αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ Ζεὺς\nτῷ ἐπαλεξήσουσαν ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν προΐαλλεν.\nεἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδεʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσιν\nεὖτέ μιν εἰς Ἀΐδαο πυλάρταο προὔπεμψεν\nἐξ Ἐρέβευς ἄξοντα κύνα στυγεροῦ Ἀΐδαο,\nοὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα.\nνῦν δʼ ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει, Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξήνυσε βουλάς,\nἥ οἱ γούνατʼ ἔκυσσε καὶ ἔλλαβε χειρὶ γενείου,\nλισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον.\nἔσται μὰν ὅτʼ ἂν αὖτε φίλην γλαυκώπιδα εἴπῃ.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν νῶϊν ἐπέντυε μώνυχας ἵππους,\nὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ καταδῦσα Διὸς δόμον αἰγιόχοιο\nτεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι, ὄφρα ἴδωμαι\nἢ νῶϊ Πριάμοιο πάϊς κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nγηθήσει προφανέντε ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας,\nἦ τις καὶ Τρώων κορέει κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνοὺς\nδημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι, πεσὼν ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "He would weep till his cry came up to heaven, and then Jove would send me down to help him; if I had had the sense to foresee all this, when Eurystheus sent him to the house of Hades, to fetch the hell-hound from Erebus, he would never have come back alive out of the deep waters of the river Styx. And now Jove hates me, while he lets Thetis have her way because she kissed his knees and took hold of his beard, when she was begging him to do honour to Achilles. I shall know what to do next time he begins calling me his grey-eyed darling. Get our horses ready, while I go within the house of aegis-bearing Jove and put on my armour; we shall then find out whether Priam’s son Hector will be glad to meet us in the highways of battle, or whether the Trojans will glut hounds and vultures with the fat of their flesh as they be dead by the ships of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.381–396", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη.\nἣ μὲν ἐποιχομένη χρυσάμπυκας ἔντυεν ἵππους\nἭρη πρέσβα θεὰ θυγάτηρ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο·\nαὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη κούρη Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο\nπέπλον μὲν κατέχευεν ἑανὸν πατρὸς ἐπʼ οὔδει\nποικίλον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὴ ποιήσατο καὶ κάμε χερσίν,\nἣ δὲ χιτῶνʼ ἐνδῦσα Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο\nτεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσετο δακρυόεντα.\nἐς δʼ ὄχεα φλόγεα ποσὶ βήσετο, λάζετο δʼ ἔγχος\nβριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν, τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν\nἡρώων, τοῖσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη.\nἭρη δὲ μάστιγι θοῶς ἐπεμαίετʼ ἄρʼ ἵππους·\nαὐτόμαται δὲ πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι,\nτῇς ἐπιτέτραπται μέγας οὐρανὸς Οὔλυμπός τε\nἠμὲν ἀνακλῖναι πυκινὸν νέφος ἠδʼ ἐπιθεῖναι.\nτῇ ῥα διʼ αὐτάων κεντρηνεκέας ἔχον ἵππους.", "en": "Thus did she speak and white-armed Juno, daughter of great Saturn, obeyed her words; she set about harnessing her gold-bedizened steeds, while Minerva daughter of aegis-bearing Jove flung her richly vesture, made with her own hands, on to the threshold of her father, and donned the shirt of Jove, arming herself for battle. Then she stepped into her flaming chariot, and grasped the spear so stout and sturdy and strong with which she quells the ranks of heroes who have displeased her. Juno lashed her horses, and the gates of heaven bellowed as they flew open of their own accord, gates over which the Hours preside, in whose hands are heaven and Olympus, either to open the dense cloud that hides them or to close it. Through these the goddesses drove their obedient steeds." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.397–408", "orig": "Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐπεὶ ἴδε χώσατʼ ἄρʼ αἰνῶς,\nἾριν δʼ ὄτρυνε χρυσόπτερον ἀγγελέουσαν·\nβάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, πάλιν τρέπε μηδʼ ἔα ἄντην\nἔρχεσθʼ· οὐ γὰρ καλὰ συνοισόμεθα πτόλεμον δέ.\nὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·\nγυιώσω μέν σφωϊν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,\nαὐτὰς δʼ ἐκ δίφρου βαλέω κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξω·\nοὐδέ κεν ἐς δεκάτους περιτελλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς\nἕλκεʼ ἀπαλθήσεσθον, ἅ κεν μάρπτῃσι κεραυνός·\nὄφρα ἰδῇ γλαυκῶπις ὅτʼ ἂν ᾧ πατρὶ μάχηται.\nἭρῃ δʼ οὔ τι τόσον νεμεσίζομαι οὐδὲ χολοῦμαι·\nαἰεὶ γάρ μοι ἔωθεν ἐνικλᾶν ὅττί κεν εἴπω.", "en": "But father Jove when he saw them from Ida was very angry, and sent winged Iris with a message to them. “Go,” said he, “fleet Iris, turn them back, and see that they do not come near me, for if we come to fighting there will be mischief. This is what I say, and this is what I mean to do. I will lame their horses for them; I will hurl them from their chariot, and will break it in pieces. It will take them all ten years to heal the wounds my lightning shall inflict upon them; my grey-eyed daughter will then learn what quarrelling with her father means. I am less surprised and angry with Juno, for whatever I say she always contradicts me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.409–424", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα,\nβῆ δʼ ἐξ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον.\nπρώτῃσιν δὲ πύλῃσι πολυπτύχου Οὐλύμποιο\nἀντομένη κατέρυκε, Διὸς δέ σφʼ ἔννεπε μῦθον·\nπῇ μέματον; τί σφῶϊν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μαίνεται ἦτορ;\nοὐκ ἐάᾳ Κρονίδης ἐπαμυνέμεν Ἀργείοισιν.\nὧδε γὰρ ἠπείλησε Κρόνου πάϊς, ᾗ τελέει περ,\nγυιώσειν μὲν σφῶϊν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,\nαὐτὰς δʼ ἐκ δίφρου βαλέειν κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξειν·\nοὐδέ κεν ἐς δεκάτους περιτελλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς\nἕλκεʼ ἀπαλθήσεσθον, ἅ κεν μάρπτῃσι κεραυνός·\nὄφρα ἰδῇς γλαυκῶπι ὅτʼ ἂν σῷ πατρὶ μάχηαι.\nἭρῃ δʼ οὔ τι τόσον νεμεσίζεται οὐδὲ χολοῦται·\nαἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἔωθεν ἐνικλᾶν ὅττι κεν εἴπῃ·\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αἰνοτάτη κύον ἀδεὲς εἰ ἐτεόν γε\nτολμήσεις Διὸς ἄντα πελώριον ἔγχος ἀεῖραι.", "en": "With this Iris went her way, fleet as the wind, from the heights of Ida to the lofty summits of Olympus. She met the goddesses at the outer gates of its many valleys and gave them her message. “What,” said she, “are you about? Are you mad? The son of Saturn forbids going. This is what he says, and this is what he means to do, he will lame your horses for you, he will hurl you from your chariot, and will break it in pieces. It will take you all ten years to heal the wounds his lightning will inflict upon you, that you may learn, grey-eyed goddess, what quarrelling with your father means. He is less hurt and angry with Juno, for whatever he says she always contradicts him but you, bold hussy, will you really dare to raise your huge spear in defiance of Jove?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.425–437", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,\nαὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίην Ἥρη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος, οὐκέτʼ ἔγωγε\nνῶϊ ἐῶ Διὸς ἄντα βροτῶν ἕνεκα πτολεμίζειν·\nτῶν ἄλλος μὲν ἀποφθίσθω, ἄλλος δὲ βιώτω,\nὅς κε τύχῃ· κεῖνος δὲ τὰ ἃ φρονέων ἐνὶ θυμῷ\nΤρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι δικαζέτω, ὡς ἐπιεικές.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τρέπε μώνυχας ἵππους·\nτῇσιν δʼ Ὧραι μὲν λῦσαν καλλίτριχας ἵππους,\nκαὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐπʼ ἀμβροσίῃσι κάπῃσιν,\nἅρματα δʼ ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα·\nαὐταὶ δὲ χρυσέοισιν ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι κάθιζον\nμίγδʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσι, φίλον τετιημέναι ἦτορ.", "en": "With this she left them, and Juno said to Minerva, “Of a truth, child of aegis-bearing Jove, I am not for fighting men’s battles further in defiance of Jove. Let them live or die as luck will have it, and let Jove mete out his judgements upon the Trojans and Danaans according to his own pleasure.”\nShe turned her steeds; the Hours presently unyoked them, made them fast to their ambrosial mangers, and leaned the chariot against the end wall of the courtyard. The two goddesses then sat down upon their golden thrones, amid the company of the other gods; but they were very angry." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.438–456", "orig": "Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους\nΟὔλυμπον δὲ δίωκε, θεῶν δʼ ἐξίκετο θώκους.\nτῷ δὲ καὶ ἵππους μὲν λῦσε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος,\nἅρματα δʼ ἂμ βωμοῖσι τίθει κατὰ λῖτα πετάσσας·\nαὐτὸς δὲ χρύσειον ἐπὶ θρόνον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nἕζετο, τῷ δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετʼ Ὄλυμπος.\nαἳ δʼ οἶαι Διὸς ἀμφὶς Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη\nἥσθην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·\nτίφθʼ οὕτω τετίησθον Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη;\nοὐ μέν θην κάμετόν γε μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ\nὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε.\nπάντως, οἷον ἐμόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρες ἄαπτοι,\nοὐκ ἄν με τρέψειαν ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ.\nσφῶϊν δὲ πρίν περ τρόμος ἔλλαβε φαίδιμα γυῖα\nπρὶν πόλεμόν τε ἰδεῖν πολέμοιό τε μέρμερα ἔργα.\nὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δέ κεν τετελεσμένον ἦεν·\nοὐκ ἂν ἐφʼ ὑμετέρων ὀχέων πληγέντε κεραυνῷ\nἂψ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἵκεσθον, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτων ἕδος ἐστίν.", "en": "Presently father Jove drove his chariot to Olympus, and entered the assembly of gods. The mighty lord of the earthquake unyoked his horses for him, set the car upon its stand, and threw a cloth over it. Jove then sat down upon his golden throne and Olympus reeled beneath him. Minerva and Juno sat alone, apart from Jove, and neither spoke nor asked him questions, but Jove knew what they meant, and said, “Minerva and Juno, why are you so angry? Are you fatigued with killing so many of your dear friends the Trojans? Be this as it may, such is the might of my hands that all the gods in Olympus cannot turn me; you were both of you trembling all over ere ever you saw the fight and its terrible doings. I tell you therefore-and it would have surely been, I should have struck you with lightning, and your chariots would never have brought you back again to Olympus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.457–468", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ἐπέμυξαν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη·\nπλησίαι αἵ γʼ ἥσθην, κακὰ δὲ Τρώεσσι μεδέσθην.\nἤτοι Ἀθηναίη ἀκέων ἦν οὐδέ τι εἶπε\nσκυζομένη Διὶ πατρί, χόλος δέ μιν ἄγριος ᾕρει·\nἭρῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔχαδε στῆθος χόλον, ἀλλὰ προσηύδα·\nαἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.\nεὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν·\nἀλλʼ ἔμπης Δαναῶν ὀλοφυρόμεθʼ αἰχμητάων,\nοἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι πολέμου μὲν ἀφεξόμεθʼ, εἰ σὺ κελεύεις·\nβουλὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ὑποθησόμεθʼ ἥ τις ὀνήσει,\nὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται ὀδυσσαμένοιο τεοῖο.", "en": "Minerva and Juno groaned in spirit as they sat side by side and brooded mischief for the Trojans. Minerva sat silent without a word, for she was in a furious passion and bitterly incensed against her father; but Juno could not contain herself and said, “What, dread son of Saturn, are you talking about? We know how great your power is, nevertheless we have compassion upon the Danaan warriors who are perishing and coming to a bad end. We will, however, since you so bid us, refrain from actual fighting, but we will make serviceable suggestions to the Argives, that they may not all of them perish in your displeasure.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.469–483", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἠοῦς δὴ καὶ μᾶλλον ὑπερμενέα Κρονίωνα\nὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη\nὀλλύντʼ Ἀργείων πουλὺν στρατὸν αἰχμητάων·\nοὐ γὰρ πρὶν πολέμου ἀποπαύσεται ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ\nπρὶν ὄρθαι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα,\nἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἂν οἳ μὲν ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσι μάχωνται\nστείνει ἐν αἰνοτάτῳ περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος·\nὣς γὰρ θέσφατόν ἐστι· σέθεν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀλεγίζω\nχωομένης, οὐδʼ εἴ κε τὰ νείατα πείραθʼ ἵκηαι\nγαίης καὶ πόντοιο, ἵνʼ Ἰάπετός τε Κρόνος τε\nἥμενοι οὔτʼ αὐγῇς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο\nτέρποντʼ οὔτʼ ἀνέμοισι, βαθὺς δέ τε Τάρταρος ἀμφίς·\nοὐδʼ ἢν ἔνθʼ ἀφίκηαι ἀλωμένη, οὔ σευ ἔγωγε\nσκυζομένης ἀλέγω, ἐπεὶ οὐ σέο κύντερον ἄλλο.", "en": "And Jove answered, “To-morrow morning, Juno, if you choose to do so, you will see the son of Saturn destroying large numbers of the Argives, for fierce Hector shall not cease fighting till he has roused the son of Peleus when they are fighting in dire straits at their ships’ sterns about the body of Patroclus. Like it or no, this is how it is decreed; for aught I care, you may go to the lowest depths beneath earth and sea, where Iapetus and Saturn dwell in lone Tartarus with neither ray of light nor breath of wind to cheer them. You may go on and on till you get there, and I shall not care one whit for your displeasure; you are the greatest vixen living.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.484–501", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη λευκώλενος Ἥρη.\nἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ Ὠκεανῷ λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο\nἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.\nΤρωσὶν μέν ῥʼ ἀέκουσιν ἔδυ φάος, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς\nἀσπασίη τρίλλιστος ἐπήλυθε νὺξ ἐρεβεννή.\nΤρώων αὖτʼ ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nνόσφι νεῶν ἀγαγὼν ποταμῷ ἔπι δινήεντι,\nἐν καθαρῷ ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος.\nἐξ ἵππων δʼ ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα μῦθον ἄκουον\nτόν ῥʼ Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευε Διῒ φίλος· ἐν δʼ ἄρα χειρὶ\nἔγχος ἔχʼ ἑνδεκάπηχυ· πάροιθε δὲ λάμπετο δουρὸς\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη, περὶ δὲ χρύσεος θέε πόρκης,\nτῷ ὅ γʼ ἐρεισάμενος ἔπεα Τρώεσσι μετηύδα·\nκέκλυτέ μευ Τρῶες καὶ Δάρδανοι ἠδʼ ἐπίκουροι·\nνῦν ἐφάμην νῆάς τʼ ὀλέσας καὶ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν·\nἀλλὰ πρὶν κνέφας ἦλθε, τὸ νῦν ἐσάωσε μάλιστα\nἈργείους καὶ νῆας ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης.", "en": "Juno made him no answer. The sun’s glorious orb now sank into Oceanus and drew down night over the land. Sorry indeed were the Trojans when light failed them, but welcome and thrice prayed for did darkness fall upon the Achaeans.\nThen Hector led the Trojans back from the ships, and held a council on the open space near the river, where there was a spot clear of corpses. They left their chariots and sat down on the ground to hear the speech he made them. He grasped a spear eleven cubits long, the bronze point of which gleamed in front of it, while the ring round the spear-head was of gold. Spear in hand he spoke. “Hear me,” said he, “Trojans, Dardanians, and allies. I deemed but now that I should destroy the ships and all the Achaeans with them ere I went back to Ilius, but darkness came on too soon. It was this alone that saved them and their ships upon the sea-shore." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.502–519", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μὲν πειθώμεθα νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ\nδόρπά τʼ ἐφοπλισόμεσθα· ἀτὰρ καλλίτριχας ἵππους\nλύσαθʼ ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δέ σφισι βάλλετʼ ἐδωδήν·\nἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἄξεσθε βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα\nκαρπαλίμως, οἶνον δὲ μελίφρονα οἰνίζεσθε\nσῖτόν τʼ ἐκ μεγάρων, ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε,\nὥς κεν παννύχιοι μέσφʼ ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης\nκαίωμεν πυρὰ πολλά, σέλας δʼ εἰς οὐρανὸν ἵκῃ,\nμή πως καὶ διὰ νύκτα κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nφεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης.\nμὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε νεῶν ἐπιβαῖεν ἕκηλοι,\nἀλλʼ ὥς τις τούτων γε βέλος καὶ οἴκοθι πέσσῃ\nβλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι\nνηὸς ἐπιθρῴσκων, ἵνα τις στυγέῃσι καὶ ἄλλος\nΤρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισι φέρειν πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα.\nκήρυκες δʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ Διῒ φίλοι ἀγγελλόντων\nπαῖδας πρωθήβας πολιοκροτάφους τε γέροντας\nλέξασθαι περὶ ἄστυ θεοδμήτων ἐπὶ πύργων·", "en": "Now, therefore, let us obey the behests of night, and prepare our suppers. Take your horses out of their chariots and give them their feeds of corn; then make speed to bring sheep and cattle from the city; bring wine also and corn for your horses and gather much wood, that from dark till dawn we may burn watchfires whose flare may reach to heaven. For the Achaeans may try to fly beyond the sea by night, and they must not embark scatheless and unmolested; many a man among them must take a dart with him to nurse at home, hit with spear or arrow as he is leaping on board his ship, that others may fear to bring war and weeping upon the Trojans. Moreover let the heralds tell it about the city that the growing youths and grey-bearded men are to camp upon its heaven-built walls." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.520–534", "orig": "θηλύτεραι δὲ γυναῖκες ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἑκάστη\nπῦρ μέγα καιόντων· φυλακὴ δέ τις ἔμπεδος ἔστω\nμὴ λόχος εἰσέλθῃσι πόλιν λαῶν ἀπεόντων.\nὧδʼ ἔστω Τρῶες μεγαλήτορες ὡς ἀγορεύω·\nμῦθος δʼ ὃς μὲν νῦν ὑγιὴς εἰρημένος ἔστω,\nτὸν δʼ ἠοῦς Τρώεσσι μεθʼ ἱπποδάμοις ἀγορεύσω.\nἔλπομαι εὐχόμενος Διί τʼ ἄλλοισίν τε θεοῖσιν\nἐξελάαν ἐνθένδε κύνας κηρεσσιφορήτους,\nοὓς κῆρες φορέουσι μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι ἐπὶ νυκτὶ φυλάξομεν ἡμέας αὐτούς,\nπρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.\nεἴσομαι εἴ κέ μʼ ὁ Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης\nπὰρ νηῶν πρὸς τεῖχος ἀπώσεται, ἤ κεν ἐγὼ τὸν\nχαλκῷ δῃώσας ἔναρα βροτόεντα φέρωμαι.", "en": "Let the women each of them light a great fire in her house, and let watch be safely kept lest the town be entered by surprise while the host is outside. See to it, brave Trojans, as I have said, and let this suffice for the moment; at daybreak I will instruct you further. I pray in hope to Jove and to the gods that we may then drive those fate-sped hounds from our land, for ’tis the fates that have borne them and their ships hither. This night, therefore, let us keep watch, but with early morning let us put on our armour and rouse fierce war at the ships of the Achaeans; I shall then know whether brave Diomed the son of Tydeus will drive me back from the ships to the wall, or whether I shall myself slay him and carry off his blood-stained spoils." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.535–552", "orig": "αὔριον ἣν ἀρετὴν διαείσεται, εἴ κʼ ἐμὸν ἔγχος\nμείνῃ ἐπερχόμενον· ἀλλʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ὀΐω\nκείσεται οὐτηθείς, πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι\nἠελίου ἀνιόντος ἐς αὔριον· εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν ὣς\nεἴην ἀθάνατος καὶ ἀγήρως ἤματα πάντα,\nτιοίμην δʼ ὡς τίετʼ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἀπόλλων,\nὡς νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε κακὸν φέρει Ἀργείοισιν.\nὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶες κελάδησαν.\nοἳ δʼ ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ ἱδρώοντας,\nδῆσαν δʼ ἱμάντεσσι παρʼ ἅρμασιν οἷσιν ἕκαστος·\nἐκ πόλιος δʼ ἄξοντο βόας καὶ ἴφια μῆλα\nκαρπαλίμως, οἶνον δὲ μελίφρονα οἰνίζοντο,\nσῖτόν τʼ ἐκ μεγάρων, ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγοντο.\nἔρδον δ’ ἀθανάτοισι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας\nκνίσην δʼ ἐκ πεδίου ἄνεμοι φέρον οὐρανὸν εἴσω.\nἡδεῖαν· τῆς δ’ οὔ τι θεοὶ μάκαρες δατέοντο,\nοὐδ’ ἔθελον· μάλα γάρ σφιν ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος ἱρή,\nκαὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς ἐϋμμελίω Πριάμοιο", "en": "To-morrow let him show his mettle, abide my spear if he dare. I ween that at break of day, he shall be among the first to fall and many another of his comrades round him. Would that I were as sure of being immortal and never growing old, and of being worshipped like Minerva and Apollo, as I am that this day will bring evil to the Argives.”\nThus spoke Hector and the Trojans shouted applause. They took their sweating steeds from under the yoke, and made them fast each by his own chariot. They made haste to bring sheep and cattle from the city, they brought wine also and corn from their houses and gathered much wood. They then offered unblemished hecatombs to the immortals, and the wind carried the sweet savour of sacrifice to heaven, but the blessed gods partook not thereof, for they bitterly hated Ilius with Priam and Priam’s people." }, { "ref": "Iliad 8.553–565", "orig": "οἳ δὲ μέγα φρονέοντες ἐπὶ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας\nεἴατο παννύχιοι, πυρὰ δέ σφισι καίετο πολλά.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐν οὐρανῷ ἄστρα φαεινὴν ἀμφὶ σελήνην\nφαίνετʼ ἀριπρεπέα, ὅτε τʼ ἔπλετο νήνεμος αἰθήρ·\nἔκ τʼ ἔφανεν πᾶσαι σκοπιαὶ καὶ πρώονες ἄκροι\nκαὶ νάπαι· οὐρανόθεν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ,\nπάντα δὲ εἴδεται ἄστρα, γέγηθε δέ τε φρένα ποιμήν·\nτόσσα μεσηγὺ νεῶν ἠδὲ Ξάνθοιο ῥοάων\nΤρώων καιόντων πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι πρό.\nχίλιʼ ἄρʼ ἐν πεδίῳ πυρὰ καίετο, πὰρ δὲ ἑκάστῳ\nεἴατο πεντήκοντα σέλᾳ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο.\nἵπποι δὲ κρῖ λευκὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι καὶ ὀλύρας\nἑσταότες παρʼ ὄχεσφιν ἐΰθρονον Ἠῶ μίμνον.", "en": "Thus high in hope they sat through the livelong night by the highways of war, and many a watchfire did they kindle. As when the stars shine clear, and the moon is bright, there is not a breath of air, not a peak nor glade nor jutting headland but it stands out in the ineffable radiance that breaks from the serene of heaven; the stars can all of them be told and the heart of the shepherd is glad, even thus shone the watchfires of the Trojans before Ilius midway between the ships and the river Xanthus. A thousand camp-fires gleamed upon the plain, and in the glow of each there sat fifty men, while the horses, champing oats and corn beside their chariots, waited till dawn should come." } ], "9": [ { "ref": "Iliad 9.1–12", "orig": "ὣς οἱ μὲν Τρῶες φυλακὰς ἔχον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς\nθεσπεσίη ἔχε φύζα φόβου κρυόεντος ἑταίρη,\nπένθεϊ δʼ ἀτλήτῳ βεβολήατο πάντες ἄριστοι.\nὡς δʼ ἄνεμοι δύο πόντον ὀρίνετον ἰχθυόεντα\nΒορέης καὶ Ζέφυρος, τώ τε Θρῄκηθεν ἄητον\nἐλθόντʼ ἐξαπίνης· ἄμυδις δέ τε κῦμα κελαινὸν\nκορθύεται, πολλὸν δὲ παρὲξ ἅλα φῦκος ἔχευεν·\nὣς ἐδαΐζετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἄχεϊ μεγάλῳ βεβολημένος ἦτορ\nφοίτα κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κελεύων\nκλήδην εἰς ἀγορὴν κικλήσκειν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον,\nμὴ δὲ βοᾶν· αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ πρώτοισι πονεῖτο.", "en": "Thus did the Trojans watch. But Panic, comrade of blood-stained Rout, had taken fast hold of the Achaeans, and their princes were all of them in despair. As when the two winds that blow from Thrace, the north and the northwest, spring up of a sudden and rouse the fury of the main, in a moment the dark waves uprear their heads and scatter their sea-wrack in all directions, even thus troubled were the hearts of the Achaeans.\nThe son of Atreus in dismay bade the heralds call the people to a council man by man, but not to cry the matter aloud; he made haste also himself to call them, and they sat sorry at heart in their assembly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.13–28", "orig": "ἷζον δʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ τετιηότες· ἂν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nἵστατο δάκρυ χέων ὥς τε κρήνη μελάνυδρος\nἥ τε κατʼ αἰγίλιπος πέτρης δνοφερὸν χέει ὕδωρ·\nὣς ὃ βαρὺ στενάχων ἔπεʼ Ἀργείοισι μετηύδα·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nΖεύς με μέγα Κρονίδης ἄτῃ ἐνέδησε βαρείῃ\nσχέτλιος, ὃς τότε μέν μοι ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν\nἼλιον ἐκπέρσαντʼ εὐτείχεον ἀπονέεσθαι,\nνῦν δὲ κακὴν ἀπάτην βουλεύσατο, καί με κελεύει\nδυσκλέα Ἄργος ἱκέσθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν.\nοὕτω που Διὶ μέλλει ὑπερμενέϊ φίλον εἶναι,\nὃς δὴ πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα\nἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ λύσει· τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες·\nφεύγωμεν σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν·\nοὐ γὰρ ἔτι Τροίην αἱρήσομεν εὐρυάγυιαν.", "en": "Agamemnon shed tears as it were a running stream or cataract on the side of some sheer cliff; and thus, with many a heavy sigh he spoke to the Achaeans. “My friends,” said he, “princes and councillors of the Argives, the hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me. Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack the city of Troy before returning, but he has played me false, and is now bidding me go ingloriously back to Argos with the loss of much people. Such is the will of Jove, who has laid many a proud city in the dust as he will yet lay others, for his power is above all. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say and sail back to our own country, for we shall not take Troy.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.29–49", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.\nδὴν δʼ ἄνεῳ ἦσαν τετιηότες υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·\nὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nἈτρεΐδη σοὶ πρῶτα μαχήσομαι ἀφραδέοντι,\nἣ θέμις ἐστὶν ἄναξ ἀγορῇ· σὺ δὲ μή τι χολωθῇς.\nἀλκὴν μέν μοι πρῶτον ὀνείδισας ἐν Δαναοῖσι\nφὰς ἔμεν ἀπτόλεμον καὶ ἀνάλκιδα· ταῦτα δὲ πάντα\nἴσασʼ Ἀργείων ἠμὲν νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες.\nσοὶ δὲ διάνδιχα δῶκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω·\nσκήπτρῳ μέν τοι δῶκε τετιμῆσθαι περὶ πάντων,\nἀλκὴν δʼ οὔ τοι δῶκεν, ὅ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.\nδαιμόνιʼ οὕτω που μάλα ἔλπεαι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nἀπτολέμους τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ ἀνάλκιδας ὡς ἀγορεύεις;\nεἰ δέ τοι αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐπέσσυται ὥς τε νέεσθαι\nἔρχεο· πάρ τοι ὁδός, νῆες δέ τοι ἄγχι θαλάσσης\nἑστᾶσʼ, αἵ τοι ἕποντο Μυκήνηθεν μάλα πολλαί.\nἀλλʼ ἄλλοι μενέουσι κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nεἰς ὅ κέ περ Τροίην διαπέρσομεν. εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ\nφευγόντων σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν·\nνῶϊ δʼ ἐγὼ Σθένελός τε μαχησόμεθʼ εἰς ὅ κε τέκμωρ\nἸλίου εὕρωμεν· σὺν γὰρ θεῷ εἰλήλουθμεν.", "en": "Thus he spoke, and the sons of the Achaeans for a long while sat sorrowful there, but they all held their peace, till at last Diomed of the loud battle-cry made answer saying, “Son of Atreus, I will chide your folly, as is my right in council. Be not then aggrieved that I should do so. In the first place you attacked me before all the Danaans and said that I was a coward and no soldier. The Argives young and old know that you did so. But the son of scheming Saturn endowed you by halves only. He gave you honour as the chief ruler over us, but valour, which is the highest both right and might he did not give you. Sir, think you that the sons of the Achaeans are indeed as unwarlike and cowardly as you say they are? If your own mind is set upon going home, go, the way is open to you; the many ships that followed you from Mycene stand ranged upon the sea-shore; but the rest of us stay here till we have sacked Troy. Nay though these too should turn homeward with their ships, Sthenelus and myself will still fight on till we reach the goal of Ilius, for heaven was with us when we came.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.50–64", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπίαχον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nμῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο.\nτοῖσι δʼ ἀνιστάμενος μετεφώνεεν ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nΤυδεΐδη περὶ μὲν πολέμῳ ἔνι καρτερός ἐσσι,\nκαὶ βουλῇ μετὰ πάντας ὁμήλικας ἔπλευ ἄριστος.\nοὔ τίς τοι τὸν μῦθον ὀνόσσεται ὅσσοι Ἀχαιοί,\nοὐδὲ πάλιν ἐρέει· ἀτὰρ οὐ τέλος ἵκεο μύθων.\nἦ μὲν καὶ νέος ἐσσί, ἐμὸς δέ κε καὶ πάϊς εἴης\nὁπλότατος γενεῆφιν· ἀτὰρ πεπνυμένα βάζεις\nἈργείων βασιλῆας, ἐπεὶ κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.\nἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἐγών, ὃς σεῖο γεραίτερος εὔχομαι εἶναι,\nἐξείπω καὶ πάντα διίξομαι· οὐδέ κέ τίς μοι\nμῦθον ἀτιμήσειʼ, οὐδὲ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.\nἀφρήτωρ ἀθέμιστος ἀνέστιός ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος\nὃς πολέμου ἔραται ἐπιδημίου ὀκρυόεντος.", "en": "The sons of the Achaeans shouted applause at the words of Diomed, and presently Nestor rose to speak. “Son of Tydeus,” said he, “in war your prowess is beyond question, and in council you excel all who are of your own years; no one of the Achaeans can make light of what you say nor gainsay it, but you have not yet come to the end of the whole matter. You are still young, you might be the youngest of my own children, still you have spoken wisely and have counselled the chief of the Achaeans not without discretion; nevertheless I am older than you and I will tell you everything; therefore let no man, not even King Agamemnon, disregard my saying, for he that foments civil discord is a clanless, hearthless outlaw." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.65–78", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μὲν πειθώμεθα νυκτὶ μελαίνῃ\nδόρπά τʼ ἐφοπλισόμεσθα· φυλακτῆρες δὲ ἕκαστοι\nλεξάσθων παρὰ τάφρον ὀρυκτὴν τείχεος ἐκτός.\nκούροισιν μὲν ταῦτʼ ἐπιτέλλομαι· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nἈτρεΐδη σὺ μὲν ἄρχε· σὺ γὰρ βασιλεύτατός ἐσσι.\nδαίνυ δαῖτα γέρουσιν· ἔοικέ τοι, οὔ τοι ἀεικές.\nπλεῖαί τοι οἴνου κλισίαι, τὸν νῆες Ἀχαιῶν\nἠμάτιαι Θρῄκηθεν ἐπʼ εὐρέα πόντον ἄγουσι·\nπᾶσά τοί ἐσθʼ ὑποδεξίη, πολέεσσι δʼ ἀνάσσεις.\nπολλῶν δʼ ἀγρομένων τῷ πείσεαι ὅς κεν ἀρίστην\nβουλὴν βουλεύσῃ· μάλα δὲ χρεὼ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nἐσθλῆς καὶ πυκινῆς, ὅτι δήϊοι ἐγγύθι νηῶν\nκαίουσιν πυρὰ πολλά· τίς ἂν τάδε γηθήσειε;\nνὺξ δʼ ἧδʼ ἠὲ διαρραίσει στρατὸν ἠὲ σαώσει.", "en": "“Now, however, let us obey the behests of night and get our suppers, but let the sentinels every man of them camp by the trench that is without the wall. I am giving these instructions to the young men; when they have been attended to, do you, son of Atreus, give your orders, for you are the most royal among us all. Prepare a feast for your councillors; it is right and reasonable that you should do so; there is abundance of wine in your tents, which the ships of the Achaeans bring from Thrace daily. You have everything at your disposal wherewith to entertain guests, and you have many subjects. When many are got together, you can be guided by him whose counsel is wisest, and sorely do we need shrewd and prudent counsel, for the foe has lit his watchfires hard by our ships. Who can be other than dismayed? This night will either be the ruin of our host, or save it.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.79–95", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο.\nἐκ δὲ φυλακτῆρες σὺν τεύχεσιν ἐσσεύοντο\nἀμφί τε Νεστορίδην Θρασυμήδεα ποιμένα λαῶν,\nἠδʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀσκάλαφον καὶ Ἰάλμενον υἷας Ἄρηος\nἀμφί τε Μηριόνην Ἀφαρῆά τε Δηΐπυρόν τε,\nἠδʼ ἀμφὶ Κρείοντος υἱὸν Λυκομήδεα δῖον.\nἕπτʼ ἔσαν ἡγεμόνες φυλάκων, ἑκατὸν δὲ ἑκάστῳ\nκοῦροι ἅμα στεῖχον δολίχʼ ἔγχεα χερσὶν ἔχοντες·\nκὰδ δὲ μέσον τάφρου καὶ τείχεος ἷζον ἰόντες·\nἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντο, τίθεντο δὲ δόρπα ἕκαστος.\nἈτρεΐδης δὲ γέροντας ἀολλέας ἦγεν Ἀχαιῶν\nἐς κλισίην, παρὰ δέ σφι τίθει μενοεικέα δαῖτα.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,\nτοῖς ὁ γέρων πάμπρωτος ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν\nΝέστωρ, οὗ καὶ πρόσθεν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή·\nὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·", "en": "Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. The sentinels went out in their armour under command of Nestor’s son Thrasymedes, a captain of the host, and of the bold warriors Ascalaphus and Ialmenus: there were also Meriones, Aphareus and Deipyrus, and the son of Creion, noble Lycomedes. There were seven captains of the sentinels, and with each there went a hundred youths armed with long spears: they took their places midway between the trench and the wall, and when they had done so they lit their fires and got every man his supper.\nThe son of Atreus then bade many councillors of the Achaeans to his quarters and prepared a great feast in their honour. They laid their hands on the good things that were before them, and as soon as they had enough to eat and drink, old Nestor, whose counsel was ever truest, was the first to lay his mind before them. He, therefore, with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.96–114", "orig": "Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω, σέο δʼ ἄρξομαι, οὕνεκα πολλῶν\nλαῶν ἐσσι ἄναξ καί τοι Ζεὺς ἐγγυάλιξε\nσκῆπτρόν τʼ ἠδὲ θέμιστας, ἵνά σφισι βουλεύῃσθα.\nτώ σε χρὴ περὶ μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδʼ ἐπακοῦσαι,\nκρηῆναι δὲ καὶ ἄλλῳ, ὅτʼ ἄν τινα θυμὸς ἀνώγῃ\nεἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν· σέο δʼ ἕξεται ὅττί κεν ἄρχῃ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα.\nοὐ γάρ τις νόον ἄλλος ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοήσει\nοἷον ἐγὼ νοέω ἠμὲν πάλαι ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν\nἐξ ἔτι τοῦ ὅτε διογενὲς Βρισηΐδα κούρην\nχωομένου Ἀχιλῆος ἔβης κλισίηθεν ἀπούρας\nοὔ τι καθʼ ἡμέτερόν γε νόον· μάλα γάρ τοι ἔγωγε\nπόλλʼ ἀπεμυθεόμην· σὺ δὲ σῷ μεγαλήτορι θυμῷ\nεἴξας ἄνδρα φέριστον, ὃν ἀθάνατοί περ ἔτισαν,\nἠτίμησας, ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχεις γέρας· ἀλλʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν\nφραζώμεσθʼ ὥς κέν μιν ἀρεσσάμενοι πεπίθωμεν\nδώροισίν τʼ ἀγανοῖσιν ἔπεσσί τε μειλιχίοισι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·", "en": "“With yourself, most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, will I both begin my speech and end it, for you are king over much people. Jove, moreover, has vouchsafed you to wield the sceptre and to uphold righteousness, that you may take thought for your people under you; therefore it behooves you above all others both to speak and to give ear, and to out the counsel of another who shall have been minded to speak wisely. All turns on you and on your commands, therefore I will say what I think will be best. No man will be of a truer mind than that which has been mine from the hour when you, sir, angered Achilles by taking the girl Briseis from his tent against my judgment. I urged you not to do so, but you yielded to your own pride, and dishonoured a hero whom heaven itself had honoured, for you still hold the prize that had been awarded to him. Now, however, let us think how we may appease him, both with presents and fair speeches that may conciliate him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.115–134", "orig": "ὦ γέρον οὔ τι ψεῦδος ἐμὰς ἄτας κατέλεξας·\nἀασάμην, οὐδʼ αὐτὸς ἀναίνομαι. ἀντί νυ πολλῶν\nλαῶν ἐστὶν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ,\nὡς νῦν τοῦτον ἔτισε, δάμασσε δὲ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν.\nἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην φρεσὶ λευγαλέῃσι πιθήσας,\nἂψ ἐθέλω ἀρέσαι δόμεναί τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα.\nὑμῖν δʼ ἐν πάντεσσι περικλυτὰ δῶρʼ ὀνομήνω\nἕπτʼ ἀπύρους τρίποδας, δέκα δὲ χρυσοῖο τάλαντα,\nαἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους\nπηγοὺς ἀθλοφόρους, οἳ ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο.\nοὔ κεν ἀλήϊος εἴη ἀνὴρ ᾧ τόσσα γένοιτο,\nοὐδέ κεν ἀκτήμων ἐριτίμοιο χρυσοῖο,\nὅσσά μοι ἠνείκαντο ἀέθλια μώνυχες ἵπποι.\nδώσω δʼ ἑπτὰ γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας\nΛεσβίδας, ἃς ὅτε Λέσβον ἐϋκτιμένην ἕλεν αὐτὸς\nἐξελόμην, αἳ κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν.\nτὰς μέν οἱ δώσω, μετὰ δʼ ἔσσεται ἣν τότʼ ἀπηύρων\nκούρη Βρισῆος· ἐπὶ δὲ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι\nμή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι,\nἣ θέμις ἀνθρώπων πέλει ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν.", "en": "And King Agamemnon answered, “Sir, you have reproved my folly justly. I was wrong. I own it. One whom heaven befriends is in himself a host, and Jove has shown that he befriends this man by destroying much people of the Achaeans. I was blinded with passion and yielded to my worser mind; therefore I will make amends, and will give him great gifts by way of atonement. I will tell them in the presence of you all. I will give him seven tripods that have never yet been on the fire, and ten talents of gold. I will give him twenty iron cauldrons and twelve strong horses that have won races and carried off prizes. Rich, indeed, both in land and gold is he that has as many prizes as my horses have won me. I will give him seven excellent workwomen, Lesbians, whom I chose for myself when he took Lesbos, all of surpassing beauty. I will give him these, and with them her whom I erewhile took from him, the daughter of Briseus; and I swear a great oath that I never went up into her couch, nor have been with her after the manner of men and women." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.135–146", "orig": "ταῦτα μὲν αὐτίκα πάντα παρέσσεται· εἰ δέ κεν αὖτε\nἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο θεοὶ δώωσʼ ἀλαπάξαι,\nνῆα ἅλις χρυσοῦ καὶ χαλκοῦ νηησάσθω\nεἰσελθών, ὅτε κεν δατεώμεθα ληΐδʼ Ἀχαιοί,\nΤρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐείκοσιν αὐτὸς ἑλέσθω,\nαἴ κε μετʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην κάλλισται ἔωσιν.\nεἰ δέ κεν Ἄργος ἱκοίμεθʼ Ἀχαιϊκὸν οὖθαρ ἀρούρης\nγαμβρός κέν μοι ἔοι· τίσω δέ μιν ἶσον Ὀρέστῃ,\nὅς μοι τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ.\nτρεῖς δέ μοί εἰσι θύγατρες ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ\nΧρυσόθεμις καὶ Λαοδίκη καὶ Ἰφιάνασσα,\nτάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσι φίλην ἀνάεδνον ἀγέσθω", "en": "“All these things will I give him now, and if hereafter the gods vouchsafe me to sack the city of Priam, let him come when we Achaeans are dividing the spoil, and load his ship with gold and bronze to his liking; furthermore let him take twenty Trojan women, the loveliest after Helen herself. Then, when we reach Achaean Argos, wealthiest of all lands, he shall be my son-in-law and I will show him like honour with my own dear son Orestes, who is being nurtured in all abundance. I have three daughters, Chrysothemis, Laodice, and Iphianassa, let him take the one of his choice, freely and without gifts of wooing, to the house of Peleus;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.147–162", "orig": "πρὸς οἶκον Πηλῆος· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ μείλια δώσω\nπολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσʼ οὔ πώ τις ἑῇ ἐπέδωκε θυγατρί·\nἑπτὰ δέ οἱ δώσω εὖ ναιόμενα πτολίεθρα\nΚαρδαμύλην Ἐνόπην τε καὶ Ἱρὴν ποιήεσσαν\nΦηράς τε ζαθέας ἠδʼ Ἄνθειαν βαθύλειμον\nκαλήν τʼ Αἴπειαν καὶ Πήδασον ἀμπελόεσσαν.\nπᾶσαι δʼ ἐγγὺς ἁλός, νέαται Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος·\nἐν δʼ ἄνδρες ναίουσι πολύρρηνες πολυβοῦται,\nοἵ κέ ἑ δωτίνῃσι θεὸν ὣς τιμήσουσι\nκαί οἱ ὑπὸ σκήπτρῳ λιπαρὰς τελέουσι θέμιστας.\nταῦτά κέ οἱ τελέσαιμι μεταλήξαντι χόλοιο.\nδμηθήτω· Ἀΐδης τοι ἀμείλιχος ἠδʼ ἀδάμαστος,\nτοὔνεκα καί τε βροτοῖσι θεῶν ἔχθιστος ἁπάντων·\nκαί μοι ὑποστήτω ὅσσον βασιλεύτερός εἰμι\nἠδʼ ὅσσον γενεῇ προγενέστερος εὔχομαι εἶναι.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·", "en": "I will add such dower to boot as no man ever yet gave his daughter, and will give him seven well-established cities, Cardamyle, Enope, and Hire, where there is grass; holy Pherae and the rich meadows of Anthea; Aepea also, and the vine-clad slopes of Pedasus, all near the sea, and on the borders of sandy Pylos. The men that dwell there are rich in cattle and sheep; they will honour him with gifts as though he were a god, and be obedient to his comfortable ordinances. All this will I do if he will now forgo his anger. Let him then yield; it is only Hades who is utterly ruthless and unyielding, and hence he is of all gods the one most hateful to mankind. Moreover I am older and more royal than himself. Therefore, let him now obey me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.163–181", "orig": "Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nδῶρα μὲν οὐκέτʼ ὀνοστὰ διδοῖς Ἀχιλῆϊ ἄνακτι·\nἀλλʼ ἄγετε κλητοὺς ὀτρύνομεν, οἵ κε τάχιστα\nἔλθωσʼ ἐς κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος.\nεἰ δʼ ἄγε τοὺς ἂν ἐγὼ ἐπιόψομαι οἳ δὲ πιθέσθων.\nΦοῖνιξ μὲν πρώτιστα Διῒ φίλος ἡγησάσθω,\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Αἴας τε μέγας καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·\nκηρύκων δʼ Ὀδίος τε καὶ Εὐρυβάτης ἅμʼ ἑπέσθων.\nφέρτε δὲ χερσὶν ὕδωρ, εὐφημῆσαί τε κέλεσθε,\nὄφρα Διὶ Κρονίδῃ ἀρησόμεθʼ, αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ.\nὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ἑαδότα μῦθον ἔειπεν.\nαὐτίκα κήρυκες μὲν ὕδωρ ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν,\nκοῦροι δὲ κρητῆρας ἐπεστέψαντο ποτοῖο,\nνώμησαν δʼ ἄρα πᾶσιν ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεσσιν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ σπεῖσάν τʼ ἔπιόν θʼ ὅσον ἤθελε θυμός,\nὁρμῶντʼ ἐκ κλισίης Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο.\nτοῖσι δὲ πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ\nδενδίλλων ἐς ἕκαστον, Ὀδυσσῆϊ δὲ μάλιστα,\nπειρᾶν ὡς πεπίθοιεν ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα.", "en": "Then Nestor answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon. The gifts you offer are no small ones, let us then send chosen messengers, who may go to the tent of Achilles son of Peleus without delay. Let those go whom I shall name. Let Phoenix, dear to Jove, lead the way; let Ajax and Ulysses follow, and let the heralds Odius and Eurybates go with them. Now bring water for our hands, and bid all keep silence while we pray to Jove the son of Saturn, if so be that he may have mercy upon us.”\nThus did he speak, and his saying pleased them well. Men-servants poured water over the hands of the guests, while pages filled the mixing-bowls with wine and water, and handed it round after giving every man his drink-offering; then, when they had made their offerings, and had drunk each as much as he was minded, the envoys set out from the tent of Agamemnon son of Atreus; and Nestor, looking first to one and then to another, but most especially at Ulysses, was instant with them that they should prevail with the noble son of Peleus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.182–198", "orig": "τὼ δὲ βάτην παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης\nπολλὰ μάλʼ εὐχομένω γαιηόχῳ ἐννοσιγαίῳ\nῥηϊδίως πεπιθεῖν μεγάλας φρένας Αἰακίδαο.\nΜυρμιδόνων δʼ ἐπί τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἱκέσθην,\nτὸν δʼ εὗρον φρένα τερπόμενον φόρμιγγι λιγείῃ\nκαλῇ δαιδαλέῃ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἀργύρεον ζυγὸν ἦεν,\nτὴν ἄρετʼ ἐξ ἐνάρων πόλιν Ἠετίωνος ὀλέσσας·\nτῇ ὅ γε θυμὸν ἔτερπεν, ἄειδε δʼ ἄρα κλέα ἀνδρῶν.\nΠάτροκλος δέ οἱ οἶος ἐναντίος ἧστο σιωπῇ,\nδέγμενος Αἰακίδην ὁπότε λήξειεν ἀείδων,\nτὼ δὲ βάτην προτέρω, ἡγεῖτο δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,\nστὰν δὲ πρόσθʼ αὐτοῖο· ταφὼν δʼ ἀνόρουσεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nαὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι λιπὼν ἕδος ἔνθα θάασσεν.\nὣς δʼ αὔτως Πάτροκλος, ἐπεὶ ἴδε φῶτας, ἀνέστη.\nτὼ καὶ δεικνύμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nχαίρετον· ἦ φίλοι ἄνδρες ἱκάνετον ἦ τι μάλα χρεώ,\nοἵ μοι σκυζομένῳ περ Ἀχαιῶν φίλτατοί ἐστον.", "en": "They went their way by the shore of the sounding sea, and prayed earnestly to earth-encircling Neptune that the high spirit of the son of Aeacus might incline favourably towards them. When they reached the ships and tents of the Myrmidons, they found Achilles playing on a lyre, fair, of cunning workmanship, and its cross-bar was of silver. It was part of the spoils which he had taken when he sacked the city of Eetion, and he was now diverting himself with it and singing the feats of heroes. He was alone with Patroclus, who sat opposite to him and said nothing, waiting till he should cease singing. Ulysses and Ajax now came in, Ulysses leading the way, and stood before him. Achilles sprang from his seat with the lyre still in his hand, and Patroclus, when he saw the strangers, rose also. Achilles then greeted them saying, “All hail and welcome, you must come upon some great matter, you, who for all my anger are still dearest to me of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.199–217", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας προτέρω ἄγε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nεἷσεν δʼ ἐν κλισμοῖσι τάπησί τε πορφυρέοισιν.\nαἶψα δὲ Πάτροκλον προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·\nμείζονα δὴ κρητῆρα Μενοιτίου υἱὲ καθίστα,\nζωρότερον δὲ κέραιε, δέπας δʼ ἔντυνον ἑκάστῳ·\nοἳ γὰρ φίλτατοι ἄνδρες ἐμῷ ὑπέασι μελάθρῳ.\nὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ φίλῳ ἐπεπείθεθʼ ἑταίρῳ.\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γε κρεῖον μέγα κάββαλεν ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ,\nἐν δʼ ἄρα νῶτον ἔθηκʼ ὄϊος καὶ πίονος αἰγός,\nἐν δὲ συὸς σιάλοιο ῥάχιν τεθαλυῖαν ἀλοιφῇ.\nτῷ δʼ ἔχεν Αὐτομέδων, τάμνεν δʼ ἄρα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nκαὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ μίστυλλε καὶ ἀμφʼ ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειρε,\nπῦρ δὲ Μενοιτιάδης δαῖεν μέγα ἰσόθεος φώς.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ πῦρ ἐκάη καὶ φλὸξ ἐμαράνθη,\nἀνθρακιὴν στορέσας ὀβελοὺς ἐφύπερθε τάνυσσε,\nπάσσε δʼ ἁλὸς θείοιο κρατευτάων ἐπαείρας.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ὤπτησε καὶ εἰν ἐλεοῖσιν ἔχευε,\nΠάτροκλος μὲν σῖτον ἑλὼν ἐπένειμε τραπέζῃ\nκαλοῖς ἐν κανέοισιν, ἀτὰρ κρέα νεῖμεν Ἀχιλλεύς.", "en": "With this he led them forward, and bade them sit on seats covered with purple rugs; then he said to Patroclus who was close by him, “Son of Menoetius, set a larger bowl upon the table, mix less water with the wine, and give every man his cup, for these are very dear friends, who are now under my roof.”\nPatroclus did as his comrade bade him; he set the chopping-block in front of the fire, and on it he laid the loin of a sheep, the loin also of a goat, and the chine of a fat hog. Automedon held the meat while Achilles chopped it; he then sliced the pieces and put them on spits while the son of Menoetius made the fire burn high. When the flame had died down, he spread the embers, laid the spits on top of them, lifting them up and setting them upon the spit-racks; and he sprinkled them with salt. When the meat was roasted, he set it on platters, and handed bread round the table in fair baskets, while Achilles dealt them their portions." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.218–235", "orig": "αὐτὸς δʼ ἀντίον ἷζεν Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο\nτοίχου τοῦ ἑτέροιο, θεοῖσι δὲ θῦσαι ἀνώγει\nΠάτροκλον ὃν ἑταῖρον· ὃ δʼ ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,\nνεῦσʼ Αἴας Φοίνικι· νόησε δὲ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,\nπλησάμενος δʼ οἴνοιο δέπας δείδεκτʼ Ἀχιλῆα·\nχαῖρʼ Ἀχιλεῦ· δαιτὸς μὲν ἐΐσης οὐκ ἐπιδευεῖς\nἠμὲν ἐνὶ κλισίῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο\nἠδὲ καὶ ἐνθάδε νῦν, πάρα γὰρ μενοεικέα πολλὰ\nδαίνυσθʼ· ἀλλʼ οὐ δαιτὸς ἐπηράτου ἔργα μέμηλεν,\nἀλλὰ λίην μέγα πῆμα διοτρεφὲς εἰσορόωντες\nδείδιμεν· ἐν δοιῇ δὲ σαωσέμεν ἢ ἀπολέσθαι\nνῆας ἐϋσσέλμους, εἰ μὴ σύ γε δύσεαι ἀλκήν.\nἐγγὺς γὰρ νηῶν καὶ τείχεος αὖλιν ἔθεντο\nΤρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι τηλεκλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι\nκηάμενοι πυρὰ πολλὰ κατὰ στρατόν, οὐδʼ ἔτι φασὶ\nσχήσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέεσθαι.", "en": "Then Achilles took his seat facing Ulysses against the opposite wall, and bade his comrade Patroclus offer sacrifice to the gods; so he cast the offerings into the fire, and they laid their hands upon the good things that were before them. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, Ajax made a sign to Phoenix, and when he saw this, Ulysses filled his cup with wine and pledged Achilles.\n“Hail,” said he, “Achilles, we have had no scant of good cheer, neither in the tent of Agamemnon, nor yet here; there has been plenty to eat and drink, but our thought turns upon no such matter. Sir, we are in the face of great disaster, and without your help know not whether we shall save our fleet or lose it. The Trojans and their allies have camped hard by our ships and by the wall; they have lit watchfires throughout their host and deem that nothing can now prevent them from falling on our fleet." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.236–251", "orig": "Ζεὺς δέ σφι Κρονίδης ἐνδέξια σήματα φαίνων\nἀστράπτει· Ἕκτωρ δὲ μέγα σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων\nμαίνεται ἐκπάγλως πίσυνος Διί, οὐδέ τι τίει\nἀνέρας οὐδὲ θεούς· κρατερὴ δέ ἑ λύσσα δέδυκεν.\nἀρᾶται δὲ τάχιστα φανήμεναι Ἠῶ δῖαν·\nστεῦται γὰρ νηῶν ἀποκόψειν ἄκρα κόρυμβα\nαὐτάς τʼ ἐμπρήσειν μαλεροῦ πυρός, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς\nδῃώσειν παρὰ τῇσιν ὀρινομένους ὑπὸ καπνοῦ.\nταῦτʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα, μή οἱ ἀπειλὰς\nἐκτελέσωσι θεοί, ἡμῖν δὲ δὴ αἴσιμον εἴη\nφθίσθαι ἐνὶ Τροίῃ ἑκὰς Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο.\nἀλλʼ ἄνα εἰ μέμονάς γε καὶ ὀψέ περ υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nτειρομένους ἐρύεσθαι ὑπὸ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ.\nαὐτῷ τοι μετόπισθʼ ἄχος ἔσσεται, οὐδέ τι μῆχος\nῥεχθέντος κακοῦ ἔστʼ ἄκος εὑρεῖν· ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν\nφράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ.", "en": "Jove, moreover, has sent his lightnings on their right; Hector, in all his glory, rages like a maniac; confident that Jove is with him he fears neither god nor man, but is gone raving mad, and prays for the approach of day. He vows that he will hew the high sterns of our ships in pieces, set fire to their hulls, and make havoc of the Achaeans while they are dazed and smothered in smoke; I much fear that heaven will make good his boasting, and it will prove our lot to perish at Troy far from our home in Argos. Up, then, and late though it be, save the sons of the Achaeans who faint before the fury of the Trojans. You will repent bitterly hereafter if you do not, for when the harm is done there will be no curing it; consider ere it be too late, and save the Danaans from destruction." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.252–269", "orig": "ὦ πέπον ἦ μὲν σοί γε πατὴρ ἐπετέλλετο Πηλεὺς\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε σʼ ἐκ Φθίης Ἀγαμέμνονι πέμπε·\nτέκνον ἐμὸν κάρτος μὲν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη\nδώσουσʼ αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωσι, σὺ δὲ μεγαλήτορα θυμὸν\nἴσχειν ἐν στήθεσσι· φιλοφροσύνη γὰρ ἀμείνων·\nληγέμεναι δʼ ἔριδος κακομηχάνου, ὄφρά σε μᾶλλον\nτίωσʼ Ἀργείων ἠμὲν νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες.\nὣς ἐπέτελλʼ ὃ γέρων, σὺ δὲ λήθεαι· ἀλλʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν\nπαύεʼ, ἔα δὲ χόλον θυμαλγέα· σοὶ δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nἄξια δῶρα δίδωσι μεταλήξαντι χόλοιο.\nεἰ δὲ σὺ μέν μευ ἄκουσον, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω\nὅσσά τοι ἐν κλισίῃσιν ὑπέσχετο δῶρʼ Ἀγαμέμνων·\nἕπτʼ ἀπύρους τρίποδας, δέκα δὲ χρυσοῖο τάλαντα,\nαἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους\nπηγοὺς ἀθλοφόρους, οἳ ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο.\nοὔ κεν ἀλήϊος εἴη ἀνὴρ ᾧ τόσσα γένοιτο\nοὐδέ κεν ἀκτήμων ἐριτίμοιο χρυσοῖο,\nὅσσʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἵπποι ἀέθλια ποσσὶν ἄροντο.", "en": "“My good friend, when your father Peleus sent you from Phthia to Agamemnon, did he not charge you saying, ‘Son, Minerva and Juno will make you strong if they choose, but check your high temper, for the better part is in goodwill. Eschew vain quarrelling, and the Achaeans old and young will respect you more for doing so.’ These were his words, but you have forgotten them. Even now, however, be appeased, and put away your anger from you. Agamemnon will make you great amends if you will forgive him; listen, and I will tell you what he has said in his tent that he will give you. He will give you seven tripods that have never yet been on the fire, and ten talents of gold; twenty iron cauldrons, and twelve strong horses that have won races and carried off prizes. Rich indeed both in land and gold is he who has as many prizes as these horses have won for Agamemnon." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.270–285", "orig": "δώσει δʼ ἑπτὰ γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας\nΛεσβίδας, ἃς ὅτε Λέσβον ἐϋκτιμένην ἕλες αὐτὸς\nἐξέλεθʼ, αἳ τότε κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν.\nτὰς μέν τοι δώσει, μετὰ δʼ ἔσσεται ἣν τότʼ ἀπηύρα\nκούρη Βρισῆος· ἐπὶ δὲ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμεῖται\nμή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι\nἣ θέμις ἐστὶν ἄναξ ἤτʼ ἀνδρῶν ἤτε γυναικῶν.\nταῦτα μὲν αὐτίκα πάντα παρέσσεται· εἰ δέ κεν αὖτε\nἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο θεοὶ δώωσʼ ἀλαπάξαι,\nνῆα ἅλις χρυσοῦ καὶ χαλκοῦ νηήσασθαι\nεἰσελθών, ὅτε κεν δατεώμεθα ληΐδʼ Ἀχαιοί,\nΤρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐείκοσιν αὐτὸς ἑλέσθαι,\nαἵ κε μετʼ Ἀργείην Ἑλένην κάλλισται ἔωσιν.\nεἰ δέ κεν Ἄργος ἱκοίμεθʼ Ἀχαιϊκὸν οὖθαρ ἀρούρης\nγαμβρός κέν οἱ ἔοις· τίσει δέ σε ἶσον Ὀρέστῃ,\nὅς οἱ τηλύγετος τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ.", "en": "Moreover he will give you seven excellent workwomen, Lesbians, whom he chose for himself, when you took Lesbos, all of surpassing beauty. He will give you these, and with them her whom he erewhile took from you, the daughter of Briseus, and he will swear a great oath, he has never gone up into her couch nor been with her after the manner of men and women. All these things will he give you now down, and if hereafter the gods vouchsafe him to sack the city of Priam, you can come when we Achaeans are dividing the spoil, and load your ship with gold and bronze to your liking. You can take twenty Trojan women, the loveliest after Helen herself. Then, when we reach Achaean Argos, wealthiest of all lands, you shall be his son-in-law, and he will show you like honour with his own dear son Orestes, who is being nurtured in all abundance." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.286–306", "orig": "τρεῖς δέ οἵ εἰσι θύγατρες ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ\nΧρυσόθεμις καὶ Λαοδίκη καὶ Ἰφιάνασσα,\nτάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα φίλην ἀνάεδνον ἄγεσθαι\nπρὸς οἶκον Πηλῆος· ὃ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπὶ μείλια δώσει\nπολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσʼ οὔ πώ τις ἑῇ ἐπέδωκε θυγατρί·\nἑπτὰ δέ τοι δώσει εὖ ναιόμενα πτολίεθρα\nΚαρδαμύλην Ἐνόπην τε καὶ Ἱρὴν ποιήεσσαν\nΦηράς τε ζαθέας ἠδʼ Ἄνθειαν βαθύλειμον\nκαλήν τʼ Αἴπειαν καὶ Πήδασον ἀμπελόεσσαν.\nπᾶσαι δʼ ἐγγὺς ἁλός, νέαται Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος·\nἐν δʼ ἄνδρες ναίουσι πολύρρηνες πολυβοῦται,\nοἵ κέ σε δωτίνῃσι θεὸν ὣς τιμήσουσι\nκαί τοι ὑπὸ σκήπτρῳ λιπαρὰς τελέουσι θέμιστας.\nταῦτά κέ τοι τελέσειε μεταλήξαντι χόλοιο.\nεἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο κηρόθι μᾶλλον\nαὐτὸς καὶ τοῦ δῶρα, σὺ δʼ ἄλλους περ Παναχαιοὺς\nτειρομένους ἐλέαιρε κατὰ στρατόν, οἵ σε θεὸν ὣς\nτίσουσʼ· ἦ γάρ κέ σφι μάλα μέγα κῦδος ἄροιο·\nνῦν γάρ χʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἕλοις, ἐπεὶ ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι\nλύσσαν ἔχων ὀλοήν, ἐπεὶ οὔ τινά φησιν ὁμοῖον\nοἷ ἔμεναι Δαναῶν οὓς ἐνθάδε νῆες ἔνεικαν.", "en": "Agamemnon has three daughters, Chrysothemis, Laodice, and Iphianassa; you may take the one of your choice, freely and without gifts of wooing, to the house of Peleus; he will add such dower to boot as no man ever yet gave his daughter, and will give you seven well-established cities, Cardamyle, Enope, and Hire where there is grass; holy Pherae and the rich meadows of Anthea; Aepea also, and the vine-clad slopes of Pedasus, all near the sea, and on the borders of sandy Pylos. The men that dwell there are rich in cattle and sheep; they will honour you with gifts as though were a god, and be obedient to your comfortable ordinances. All this will he do if you will now forgo your anger. Moreover, though you hate both him and his gifts with all your heart, yet pity the rest of the Achaeans who are being harassed in all their host; they will honour you as a god, and you will earn great glory at their hands. You might even kill Hector; he will come within your reach, for he is infatuated, and declares that not a Danaan whom the ships have brought can hold his own against him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.307–327", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nδιογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ\nχρὴ μὲν δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀποειπεῖν,\nᾗ περ δὴ φρονέω τε καὶ ὡς τετελεσμένον ἔσται,\nὡς μή μοι τρύζητε παρήμενοι ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος.\nἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς Ἀΐδαο πύλῃσιν\nὅς χʼ ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα·\nοὔτʼ ἔμεγʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα πεισέμεν οἴω\nοὔτʼ ἄλλους Δαναούς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν\nμάρνασθαι δηΐοισιν ἐπʼ ἀνδράσι νωλεμὲς αἰεί.\nἴση μοῖρα μένοντι καὶ εἰ μάλα τις πολεμίζοι·\nἐν δὲ ἰῇ τιμῇ ἠμὲν κακὸς ἠδὲ καὶ ἐσθλός·\nκάτθανʼ ὁμῶς ὅ τʼ ἀεργὸς ἀνὴρ ὅ τε πολλὰ ἐοργώς.\nοὐδέ τί μοι περίκειται, ἐπεὶ πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ\nαἰεὶ ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν.\nὡς δʼ ὄρνις ἀπτῆσι νεοσσοῖσι προφέρῃσι\nμάστακʼ ἐπεί κε λάβῃσι, κακῶς δʼ ἄρα οἱ πέλει αὐτῇ,\nὣς καὶ ἐγὼ πολλὰς μὲν ἀΰπνους νύκτας ἴαυον,\nἤματα δʼ αἱματόεντα διέπρησσον πολεμίζων\nἀνδράσι μαρνάμενος ὀάρων ἕνεκα σφετεράων.", "en": "Achilles answered, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, I should give you formal notice plainly and in all fixity of purpose that there be no more of this cajoling, from whatsoever quarter it may come. Him do I hate even as the gates of hell who says one thing while he hides another in his heart; therefore I will say what I mean. I will be appeased neither by Agamemnon son of Atreus nor by any other of the Danaans, for I see that I have no thanks for all my fighting. He that fights fares no better than he that does not; coward and hero are held in equal honour, and death deals like measure to him who works and him who is idle. I have taken nothing by all my hardships, with my life ever in my hand; as a bird when she has found a morsel takes it to her nestlings, and herself fares hardly, even so many a long night have I been wakeful, and many a bloody battle have I waged by day against those who were fighting for their women." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.328–346", "orig": "δώδεκα δὴ σὺν νηυσὶ πόλεις ἀλάπαξʼ ἀνθρώπων,\nπεζὸς δʼ ἕνδεκά φημι κατὰ Τροίην ἐρίβωλον·\nτάων ἐκ πασέων κειμήλια πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ\nἐξελόμην, καὶ πάντα φέρων Ἀγαμέμνονι δόσκον\nἈτρεΐδῃ· ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε μένων παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσι\nδεξάμενος διὰ παῦρα δασάσκετο, πολλὰ δʼ ἔχεσκεν.\nἄλλα δʼ ἀριστήεσσι δίδου γέρα καὶ βασιλεῦσι·\nτοῖσι μὲν ἔμπεδα κεῖται, ἐμεῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μούνου Ἀχαιῶν\nεἵλετʼ, ἔχει δʼ ἄλοχον θυμαρέα· τῇ παριαύων\nτερπέσθω. τί δὲ δεῖ πολεμιζέμεναι Τρώεσσιν\nἈργείους; τί δὲ λαὸν ἀνήγαγεν ἐνθάδʼ ἀγείρας\nἈτρεΐδης; ἦ οὐχ Ἑλένης ἕνεκʼ ἠϋκόμοιο;\nἦ μοῦνοι φιλέουσʼ ἀλόχους μερόπων ἀνθρώπων\nἈτρεΐδαι; ἐπεὶ ὅς τις ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ ἐχέφρων\nτὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει καὶ κήδεται, ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν\nἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον δουρικτητήν περ ἐοῦσαν.\nνῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο καί μʼ ἀπάτησε\nμή μευ πειράτω εὖ εἰδότος· οὐδέ με πείσει.\nἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεῦ σὺν σοί τε καὶ ἄλλοισιν βασιλεῦσι", "en": "With my ships I have taken twelve cities, and eleven round about Troy have I stormed with my men by land; I took great store of wealth from every one of them, but I gave all up to Agamemnon son of Atreus. He stayed where he was by his ships, yet of what came to him he gave little, and kept much himself.\n“Nevertheless he did distribute some meeds of honour among the chieftains and kings, and these have them still; from me alone of the Achaeans did he take the woman in whom I delighted, let him keep her and sleep with her. Why, pray, must the Argives needs fight the Trojans? What made the son of Atreus gather the host and bring them? Was it not for the sake of Helen? Are the sons of Atreus the only men in the world who love their wives? Any man of common right feeling will love and cherish her who is his own, as I this woman, with my whole heart, though she was but a fruitling of my spear. Agamemnon has taken her from me; he has played me false; I know him; let him tempt me no further, for he shall not move me. Let him look to you, Ulysses, and to the other princes to save his ships from burning." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.347–364", "orig": "φραζέσθω νήεσσιν ἀλεξέμεναι δήϊον πῦρ.\nἦ μὲν δὴ μάλα πολλὰ πονήσατο νόσφιν ἐμεῖο,\nκαὶ δὴ τεῖχος ἔδειμε, καὶ ἤλασε τάφρον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ\nεὐρεῖαν μεγάλην, ἐν δὲ σκόλοπας κατέπηξεν·\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς δύναται σθένος Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο\nἴσχειν· ὄφρα δʼ ἐγὼ μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν πολέμιζον\nοὐκ ἐθέλεσκε μάχην ἀπὸ τείχεος ὀρνύμεν Ἕκτωρ,\nἀλλʼ ὅσον ἐς Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκανεν·\nἔνθά ποτʼ οἶον ἔμιμνε, μόγις δέ μευ ἔκφυγεν ὁρμήν.\nνῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐθέλω πολεμιζέμεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ\nαὔριον ἱρὰ Διὶ ῥέξας καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι\nνηήσας εὖ νῆας, ἐπὴν ἅλα δὲ προερύσσω,\nὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα καὶ αἴ κέν τοι τὰ μεμήλῃ,\nἦρι μάλʼ Ἑλλήσποντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα πλεούσας\nνῆας ἐμάς, ἐν δʼ ἄνδρας ἐρεσσέμεναι μεμαῶτας·\nεἰ δέ κεν εὐπλοίην δώῃ κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος\nἤματί κε τριτάτῳ Φθίην ἐρίβωλον ἱκοίμην.\nἔστι δέ μοι μάλα πολλά, τὰ κάλλιπον ἐνθάδε ἔρρων·", "en": "He has done much without me already. He has built a wall; he has dug a trench deep and wide all round it, and he has planted it within with stakes; but even so he stays not the murderous might of Hector. So long as I fought the Achaeans Hector suffered not the battle range far from the city walls; he would come to the Scaean gates and to the oak tree, but no further. Once he stayed to meet me and hardly did he escape my onset: now, however, since I am in no mood to fight him, I will to-morrow offer sacrifice to Jove and to all the gods; I will draw my ships into the water and then victual them duly; to-morrow morning, if you care to look, you will see my ships on the Hellespont, and my men rowing out to sea with might and main. If great Neptune vouchsafes me a fair passage, in three days I shall be in Phthia." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.365–384", "orig": "ἄλλον δʼ ἐνθένδε χρυσὸν καὶ χαλκὸν ἐρυθρὸν\nἠδὲ γυναῖκας ἐϋζώνους πολιόν τε σίδηρον\nἄξομαι, ἅσσʼ ἔλαχόν γε· γέρας δέ μοι, ὅς περ ἔδωκεν,\nαὖτις ἐφυβρίζων ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἈτρεΐδης· τῷ πάντʼ ἀγορευέμεν ὡς ἐπιτέλλω\nἀμφαδόν, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλοι ἐπισκύζωνται Ἀχαιοὶ\nεἴ τινά που Δαναῶν ἔτι ἔλπεται ἐξαπατήσειν\nαἰὲν ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένος· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔμοιγε\nτετλαίη κύνεός περ ἐὼν εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι·\nοὐδέ τί οἱ βουλὰς συμφράσσομαι, οὐδὲ μὲν ἔργον·\nἐκ γὰρ δή μʼ ἀπάτησε καὶ ἤλιτεν· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτʼ αὖτις\nἐξαπάφοιτʼ ἐπέεσσιν· ἅλις δέ οἱ· ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος\nἐρρέτω· ἐκ γάρ εὑ φρένας εἵλετο μητίετα Ζεύς.\nἐχθρὰ δέ μοι τοῦ δῶρα, τίω δέ μιν ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ.\nοὐδʼ εἴ μοι δεκάκις τε καὶ εἰκοσάκις τόσα δοίη\nὅσσά τέ οἱ νῦν ἔστι, καὶ εἴ ποθεν ἄλλα γένοιτο,\nοὐδʼ ὅσʼ ἐς Ὀρχομενὸν ποτινίσεται, οὐδʼ ὅσα Θήβας\nΑἰγυπτίας, ὅθι πλεῖστα δόμοις ἐν κτήματα κεῖται,\nαἵ θʼ ἑκατόμπυλοί εἰσι, διηκόσιοι δʼ ἀνʼ ἑκάστας\nἀνέρες ἐξοιχνεῦσι σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν·", "en": "I have much there that I left behind me when I came here to my sorrow, and I shall bring back still further store of gold, of red copper, of fair women, and of iron, my share of the spoils that we have taken; but one prize, he who gave has insolently taken away. Tell him all as I now bid you, and tell him in public that the Achaeans may hate him and beware of him should he think that he can yet dupe others for his effrontery never fails him.\n“As for me, hound that he is, he dares not look me in the face. I will take no counsel with him, and will undertake nothing in common with him. He has wronged me and deceived me enough, he shall not cozen me further; let him go his own way, for Jove has robbed him of his reason. I loathe his presents, and for himself care not one straw. He may offer me ten or even twenty times what he has now done, nay, not though it be all that he has in the world, both now or ever shall have; he may promise me the wealth of Orchomenus or of Egyptian Thebes, which is the richest city in the whole world, for it has a hundred gates through each of which two hundred men may drive at once with their chariots and horses;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.385–397", "orig": "οὐδʼ εἴ μοι τόσα δοίη ὅσα ψάμαθός τε κόνις τε,\nοὐδέ κεν ὧς ἔτι θυμὸν ἐμὸν πείσειʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nπρίν γʼ ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ἐμοὶ δόμεναι θυμαλγέα λώβην.\nκούρην δʼ οὐ γαμέω Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο,\nοὐδʼ εἰ χρυσείῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ κάλλος ἐρίζοι,\nἔργα δʼ Ἀθηναίῃ γλαυκώπιδι ἰσοφαρίζοι·\nοὐδέ μιν ὧς γαμέω· ὃ δʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλον ἑλέσθω,\nὅς τις οἷ τʼ ἐπέοικε καὶ ὃς βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν.\nἢν γὰρ δή με σαῶσι θεοὶ καὶ οἴκαδʼ ἵκωμαι,\nΠηλεύς θήν μοι ἔπειτα γυναῖκά γε μάσσεται αὐτός.\nπολλαὶ Ἀχαιΐδες εἰσὶν ἀνʼ Ἑλλάδα τε Φθίην τε\nκοῦραι ἀριστήων, οἵ τε πτολίεθρα ῥύονται,\nτάων ἥν κʼ ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομʼ ἄκοιτιν.", "en": "he may offer me gifts as the sands of the sea or the dust of the plain in multitude, but even so he shall not move me till I have been revenged in full for the bitter wrong he has done me. I will not marry his daughter; she may be fair as Venus, and skilful as Minerva, but I will have none of her: let another take her, who may be a good match for her and who rules a larger kingdom. If the gods spare me to return home, Peleus will find me a wife; there are Achaean women in Hellas and Phthia, daughters of kings that have cities under them; of these I can take whom I will and marry her." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.398–409", "orig": "ἔνθα δέ μοι μάλα πολλὸν ἐπέσσυτο θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nγήμαντα μνηστὴν ἄλοχον ἐϊκυῖαν ἄκοιτιν\nκτήμασι τέρπεσθαι τὰ γέρων ἐκτήσατο Πηλεύς·\nοὐ γὰρ ἐμοὶ ψυχῆς ἀντάξιον οὐδʼ ὅσα φασὶν\nἼλιον ἐκτῆσθαι εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον\nτὸ πρὶν ἐπʼ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,\nοὐδʼ ὅσα λάϊνος οὐδὸς ἀφήτορος ἐντὸς ἐέργει\nΦοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος Πυθοῖ ἔνι πετρηέσσῃ.\nληϊστοὶ μὲν γάρ τε βόες καὶ ἴφια μῆλα,\nκτητοὶ δὲ τρίποδές τε καὶ ἵππων ξανθὰ κάρηνα,\nἀνδρὸς δὲ ψυχὴ πάλιν ἐλθεῖν οὔτε λεϊστὴ\nοὔθʼ ἑλετή, ἐπεὶ ἄρ κεν ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων.", "en": "Many a time was I minded when at home in Phthia to woo and wed a woman who would make me a suitable wife, and to enjoy the riches of my old father Peleus. My life is more to me than all the wealth of Ilius while it was yet at peace before the Achaeans went there, or than all the treasure that lies on the stone floor of Apollo’s temple beneath the cliffs of Pytho. Cattle and sheep are to be had for harrying, and a man buy both tripods and horses if he wants them, but when his life has once left him it can neither be bought nor harried back again." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.410–429", "orig": "μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα\nδιχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλος δέ.\nεἰ μέν κʼ αὖθι μένων Τρώων πόλιν ἀμφιμάχωμαι,\nὤλετο μέν μοι νόστος, ἀτὰρ κλέος ἄφθιτον ἔσται·\nεἰ δέ κεν οἴκαδʼ ἵκωμι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,\nὤλετό μοι κλέος ἐσθλόν, ἐπὶ δηρὸν δέ μοι αἰὼν\nἔσσεται, οὐδέ κέ μʼ ὦκα τέλος θανάτοιο κιχείη.\nκαὶ δʼ ἂν τοῖς ἄλλοισιν ἐγὼ παραμυθησαίμην\nοἴκαδʼ ἀποπλείειν, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι δήετε τέκμωρ\nἸλίου αἰπεινῆς· μάλα γάρ ἑθεν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nχεῖρα ἑὴν ὑπερέσχε, τεθαρσήκασι δὲ λαοί.\nἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς μὲν ἰόντες ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν\nἀγγελίην ἀπόφασθε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ γερόντων·\nὄφρʼ ἄλλην φράζωνται ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μῆτιν ἀμείνω,\nἥ κέ σφιν νῆάς τε σαῷ καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇς, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφισιν ἥδέ γʼ ἑτοίμη\nἣν νῦν ἐφράσσαντο ἐμεῦ ἀπομηνίσαντος·\nΦοῖνιξ δʼ αὖθι παρʼ ἄμμι μένων κατακοιμηθήτω,\nὄφρά μοι ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἕπηται\nαὔριον ἢν ἐθέλῃσιν· ἀνάγκῃ δʼ οὔ τί μιν ἄξω.", "en": "“My mother Thetis tells me that there are two ways in which I may meet my end. If I stay here and fight, I shall not return alive but my name will live for ever: whereas if I go home my name will die, but it will be long ere death shall take me. To the rest of you, then, I say, ‘Go home, for you will not take Ilius.’ Jove has held his hand over her to protect her, and her people have taken heart. Go, therefore, as in duty bound, and tell the princes of the Achaeans the message that I have sent them; tell them to find some other plan for the saving of their ships and people, for so long as my displeasure lasts the one that they have now hit upon may not be. As for Phoenix, let him sleep here that he may sail with me in the morning if he so will. But I will not take him by force.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.430–443", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ\nμῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι· μάλα γὰρ κρατερῶς ἀπέειπεν·\nὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Φοῖνιξ\nδάκρυʼ ἀναπρήσας· περὶ γὰρ δίε νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν·\nεἰ μὲν δὴ νόστόν γε μετὰ φρεσὶ φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nβάλλεαι, οὐδέ τι πάμπαν ἀμύνειν νηυσὶ θοῇσι\nπῦρ ἐθέλεις ἀΐδηλον, ἐπεὶ χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ,\nπῶς ἂν ἔπειτʼ ἀπὸ σεῖο φίλον τέκος αὖθι λιποίμην\nοἶος; σοὶ δέ μʼ ἔπεμπε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε σʼ ἐκ Φθίης Ἀγαμέμνονι πέμπε\nνήπιον οὔ πω εἰδόθʼ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο\nοὐδʼ ἀγορέων, ἵνα τʼ ἄνδρες ἀριπρεπέες τελέθουσι.\nτοὔνεκά με προέηκε διδασκέμεναι τάδε πάντα,\nμύθων τε ῥητῆρʼ ἔμεναι πρηκτῆρά τε ἔργων.", "en": "They all held their peace, dismayed at the sternness with which he had denied them, till presently the old knight Phoenix in his great fear for the ships of the Achaeans, burst into tears and said, “Noble Achilles, if you are now minded to return, and in the fierceness of your anger will do nothing to save the ships from burning, how, my son, can I remain here without you? Your father Peleus bade me go with you when he sent you as a mere lad from Phthia to Agamemnon. You knew nothing neither of war nor of the arts whereby men make their mark in council, and he sent me with you to train you in all excellence of speech and action." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.444–463", "orig": "ὡς ἂν ἔπειτʼ ἀπὸ σεῖο φίλον τέκος οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι\nλείπεσθʼ, οὐδʼ εἴ κέν μοι ὑποσταίη θεὸς αὐτὸς\nγῆρας ἀποξύσας θήσειν νέον ἡβώοντα,\nοἷον ὅτε πρῶτον λίπον Ἑλλάδα καλλιγύναικα\nφεύγων νείκεα πατρὸς Ἀμύντορος Ὀρμενίδαο,\nὅς μοι παλλακίδος περιχώσατο καλλικόμοιο,\nτὴν αὐτὸς φιλέεσκεν, ἀτιμάζεσκε δʼ ἄκοιτιν\nμητέρʼ ἐμήν· ἣ δʼ αἰὲν ἐμὲ λισσέσκετο γούνων\nπαλλακίδι προμιγῆναι, ἵνʼ ἐχθήρειε γέροντα.\nτῇ πιθόμην καὶ ἔρεξα· πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς αὐτίκʼ ὀϊσθεὶς\nπολλὰ κατηρᾶτο, στυγερὰς δʼ ἐπεκέκλετʼ Ἐρινῦς,\nμή ποτε γούνασιν οἷσιν ἐφέσσεσθαι φίλον υἱὸν\nἐξ ἐμέθεν γεγαῶτα· θεοὶ δʼ ἐτέλειον ἐπαρὰς\nΖεύς τε καταχθόνιος καὶ ἐπαινὴ Περσεφόνεια.\nἔνθʼ ἐμοὶ οὐκέτι πάμπαν ἐρητύετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θυμὸς\nπατρὸς χωομένοιο κατὰ μέγαρα στρωφᾶσθαι.", "en": "Therefore, my son, I will not stay here without you, no, not though heaven itself vouchsafe to strip my years from off me, and make me young as I was when I first left Hellas the land of fair women. I was then flying the anger of father Amyntor, son of Ormenus, who was furious with me in the matter of his concubine, of whom he was enamoured to the wronging of his wife my mother. My mother, therefore, prayed me without ceasing to lie with the woman myself, that so she hate my father, and in the course of time I yielded. But my father soon came to know, and cursed me bitterly, calling the dread Erinyes to witness. He prayed that no son of mine might ever sit upon knees, and the gods, Jove of the world below and awful Proserpine, fulfilled his curse. I took counsel to kill him, but some god stayed my rashness and bade me think on men’s evil tongues and how I should be branded as the murderer of my father; nevertheless I could not bear to stay in my father’s house with him so bitter against me. My cousins and clansmen came about me, and pressed me sorely to remain;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.464–484", "orig": "ἦ μὲν πολλὰ ἔται καὶ ἀνεψιοὶ ἀμφὶς ἐόντες\nαὐτοῦ λισσόμενοι κατερήτυον ἐν μεγάροισι,\nπολλὰ δὲ ἴφια μῆλα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς\nἔσφαζον, πολλοὶ δὲ σύες θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ\nεὑόμενοι τανύοντο διὰ φλογὸς Ἡφαίστοιο,\nπολλὸν δʼ ἐκ κεράμων μέθυ πίνετο τοῖο γέροντος.\nεἰνάνυχες δέ μοι ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ παρὰ νύκτας ἴαυον·\nοἳ μὲν ἀμειβόμενοι φυλακὰς ἔχον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔσβη\nπῦρ, ἕτερον μὲν ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ εὐερκέος αὐλῆς,\nἄλλο δʼ ἐνὶ προδόμῳ, πρόσθεν θαλάμοιο θυράων.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ δεκάτη μοι ἐπήλυθε νὺξ ἐρεβεννή,\nκαὶ τότʼ ἐγὼ θαλάμοιο θύρας πυκινῶς ἀραρυίας\nῥήξας ἐξῆλθον, καὶ ὑπέρθορον ἑρκίον αὐλῆς\nῥεῖα, λαθὼν φύλακάς τʼ ἄνδρας δμῳάς τε γυναῖκας.\nφεῦγον ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε διʼ Ἑλλάδος εὐρυχόροιο,\nΦθίην δʼ ἐξικόμην ἐριβώλακα μητέρα μήλων\nἐς Πηλῆα ἄναχθʼ· ὃ δέ με πρόφρων ὑπέδεκτο,\nκαί μʼ ἐφίλησʼ ὡς εἴ τε πατὴρ ὃν παῖδα φιλήσῃ\nμοῦνον τηλύγετον πολλοῖσιν ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσι,\nκαί μʼ ἀφνειὸν ἔθηκε, πολὺν δέ μοι ὤπασε λαόν·\nναῖον δʼ ἐσχατιὴν Φθίης Δολόπεσσιν ἀνάσσων.", "en": "many a sheep and many an ox did they slaughter, and many a fat hog did they set down to roast before the fire; many a jar, too, did they broach of my father’s wine. Nine whole nights did they set a guard over me taking it in turns to watch, and they kept a fire always burning, both in the cloister of the outer court and in the inner court at the doors of the room wherein I lay; but when the darkness of the tenth night came, I broke through the closed doors of my room, and climbed the wall of the outer court after passing quickly and unperceived through the men on guard and the women servants. I then fled through Hellas till I came to fertile Phthia, mother of sheep, and to King Peleus, who made me welcome and treated me as a father treats an only son who will be heir to all his wealth. He made me rich and set me over much people, establishing me on the borders of Phthia where I was chief ruler over the Dolopians." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.485–498", "orig": "καί σε τοσοῦτον ἔθηκα θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,\nἐκ θυμοῦ φιλέων, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐθέλεσκες ἅμʼ ἄλλῳ\nοὔτʼ ἐς δαῖτʼ ἰέναι οὔτʼ ἐν μεγάροισι πάσασθαι,\nπρίν γʼ ὅτε δή σʼ ἐπʼ ἐμοῖσιν ἐγὼ γούνεσσι καθίσσας\nὄψου τʼ ἄσαιμι προταμὼν καὶ οἶνον ἐπισχών.\nπολλάκι μοι κατέδευσας ἐπὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα\nοἴνου ἀποβλύζων ἐν νηπιέῃ ἀλεγεινῇ.\nὣς ἐπὶ σοὶ μάλα πολλὰ πάθον καὶ πολλὰ μόγησα,\nτὰ φρονέων ὅ μοι οὔ τι θεοὶ γόνον ἐξετέλειον\nἐξ ἐμεῦ· ἀλλὰ σὲ παῖδα θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nποιεύμην, ἵνα μοί ποτʼ ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς.\nἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεῦ δάμασον θυμὸν μέγαν· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ\nνηλεὲς ἦτορ ἔχειν· στρεπτοὶ δέ τε καὶ θεοὶ αὐτοί,\nτῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀρετὴ τιμή τε βίη τε.", "en": "“It was I, Achilles, who had the making of you; I loved you with all my heart: for you would eat neither at home nor when you had gone out elsewhere, till I had first set you upon my knees, cut up the dainty morsel that you were to eat, and held the wine-cup to your lips. Many a time have you slobbered your wine in baby helplessness over my shirt; I had infinite trouble with you, but I knew that heaven had vouchsafed me no offspring of my own, and I made a son of you, Achilles, that in my hour of need you might protect me. Now, therefore, I say battle with your pride and beat it; cherish not your anger for ever; the might and majesty of heaven are more than ours, but even heaven may be appeased; and if a man has sinned he prays the gods, and reconciles them to himself by his piteous cries and by frankincense, with drink-offerings and the savour of burnt sacrifice." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.499–512", "orig": "καὶ μὲν τοὺς θυέεσσι καὶ εὐχωλῇς ἀγανῇσι\nλοιβῇ τε κνίσῃ τε παρατρωπῶσʼ ἄνθρωποι\nλισσόμενοι, ὅτε κέν τις ὑπερβήῃ καὶ ἁμάρτῃ.\nκαὶ γάρ τε λιταί εἰσι Διὸς κοῦραι μεγάλοιο\nχωλαί τε ῥυσαί τε παραβλῶπές τʼ ὀφθαλμώ,\nαἵ ῥά τε καὶ μετόπισθʼ ἄτης ἀλέγουσι κιοῦσαι.\nἣ δʼ ἄτη σθεναρή τε καὶ ἀρτίπος, οὕνεκα πάσας\nπολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν\nβλάπτουσʼ ἀνθρώπους· αἳ δʼ ἐξακέονται ὀπίσσω.\nὃς μέν τʼ αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας,\nτὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὤνησαν καί τʼ ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο·\nὃς δέ κʼ ἀνήνηται καί τε στερεῶς ἀποείπῃ,\nλίσσονται δʼ ἄρα ταί γε Δία Κρονίωνα κιοῦσαι\nτῷ ἄτην ἅμʼ ἕπεσθαι, ἵνα βλαφθεὶς ἀποτίσῃ.", "en": "For prayers are as daughters to great Jove; halt, wrinkled, with eyes askance, they follow in the footsteps of sin, who, being fierce and fleet of foot, leaves them far behind him, and ever baneful to mankind outstrips them even to the ends of the world; but nevertheless the prayers come hobbling and healing after. If a man has pity upon these daughters of Jove when they draw near him, they will bless him and hear him too when he is praying; but if he deny them and will not listen to them, they go to Jove the son of Saturn and pray that he may presently fall into sin, to his ruing bitterly hereafter." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.513–526", "orig": "ἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεῦ πόρε καὶ σὺ Διὸς κούρῃσιν ἕπεσθαι\nτιμήν, ἥ τʼ ἄλλων περ ἐπιγνάμπτει νόον ἐσθλῶν.\nεἰ μὲν γὰρ μὴ δῶρα φέροι τὰ δʼ ὄπισθʼ ὀνομάζοι\nἈτρεΐδης, ἀλλʼ αἰὲν ἐπιζαφελῶς χαλεπαίνοι,\nοὐκ ἂν ἔγωγέ σε μῆνιν ἀπορρίψαντα κελοίμην\nἈργείοισιν ἀμυνέμεναι χατέουσί περ ἔμπης·\nνῦν δʼ ἅμα τʼ αὐτίκα πολλὰ διδοῖ τὰ δʼ ὄπισθεν ὑπέστη,\nἄνδρας δὲ λίσσεσθαι ἐπιπροέηκεν ἀρίστους\nκρινάμενος κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιϊκόν, οἵ τε σοὶ αὐτῷ\nφίλτατοι Ἀργείων· τῶν μὴ σύ γε μῦθον ἐλέγξῃς\nμηδὲ πόδας· πρὶν δʼ οὔ τι νεμεσσητὸν κεχολῶσθαι.\nοὕτω καὶ τῶν πρόσθεν ἐπευθόμεθα κλέα ἀνδρῶν\nἡρώων, ὅτε κέν τινʼ ἐπιζάφελος χόλος ἵκοι·\nδωρητοί τε πέλοντο παράρρητοί τʼ ἐπέεσσι.", "en": "Therefore, Achilles, give these daughters of Jove due reverence, and bow before them as all good men will bow. Were not the son of Atreus offering you gifts and promising others later, if he were still furious and implacable, I am not he that would bid you throw off your anger and help the Achaeans, no matter how great their need; but he is giving much now, and more hereafter; he has sent his captains to urge his suit, and has chosen those who of all the Argives are most acceptable to you; make not then their words and their coming to be of none effect. Your anger has been righteous so far. We have heard in song how heroes of old time quarrelled when they were roused to fury, but still they could be won by gifts, and fair words could soothe them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.527–542", "orig": "μέμνημαι τόδε ἔργον ἐγὼ πάλαι οὔ τι νέον γε\nὡς ἦν· ἐν δʼ ὑμῖν ἐρέω πάντεσσι φίλοισι.\nΚουρῆτές τʼ ἐμάχοντο καὶ Αἰτωλοὶ μενεχάρμαι\nἀμφὶ πόλιν Καλυδῶνα καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον,\nΑἰτωλοὶ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι Καλυδῶνος ἐραννῆς,\nΚουρῆτες δὲ διαπραθέειν μεμαῶτες Ἄρηϊ.\nκαὶ γὰρ τοῖσι κακὸν χρυσόθρονος Ἄρτεμις ὦρσε\nχωσαμένη ὅ οἱ οὔ τι θαλύσια γουνῷ ἀλωῆς\nΟἰνεὺς ῥέξʼ· ἄλλοι δὲ θεοὶ δαίνυνθʼ ἑκατόμβας,\nοἴῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔρρεξε Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο.\nἢ λάθετʼ ἢ οὐκ ἐνόησεν· ἀάσατο δὲ μέγα θυμῷ.\nἣ δὲ χολωσαμένη δῖον γένος ἰοχέαιρα\nὦρσεν ἔπι χλούνην σῦν ἄγριον ἀργιόδοντα,\nὃς κακὰ πόλλʼ ἕρδεσκεν ἔθων Οἰνῆος ἀλωήν·\nπολλὰ δʼ ὅ γε προθέλυμνα χαμαὶ βάλε δένδρεα μακρὰ\nαὐτῇσιν ῥίζῃσι καὶ αὐτοῖς ἄνθεσι μήλων.", "en": "“I have an old story in my mind, a very old one, but you are all friends and I will tell it. The Curetes and the Aetolians were fighting and killing one another round Calydon, the Aetolians defending the city and the Curetes trying to destroy it. For Diana of the golden throne was angry and did them hurt because Oeneus had not offered her his harvest first-fruits. The other gods had all been feasted with hecatombs, but to the daughter of great Jove alone he had made no sacrifice. He had forgotten her, or somehow or other it had escaped him, and this was a grievous sin. Thereon the archer goddess in her displeasure sent a prodigious creature against him, a savage wild boar with great white tusks that did much harm to his orchard lands, uprooting apple-trees in full bloom and throwing them to the ground." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.543–554", "orig": "τὸν δʼ υἱὸς Οἰνῆος ἀπέκτεινεν Μελέαγρος\nπολλέων ἐκ πολίων θηρήτορας ἄνδρας ἀγείρας\nκαὶ κύνας· οὐ μὲν γάρ κε δάμη παύροισι βροτοῖσι·\nτόσσος ἔην, πολλοὺς δὲ πυρῆς ἐπέβησʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.\nἣ δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ θῆκε πολὺν κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτὴν\nἀμφὶ συὸς κεφαλῇ καὶ δέρματι λαχνήεντι,\nΚουρήτων τε μεσηγὺ καὶ Αἰτωλῶν μεγαθύμων.\nὄφρα μὲν οὖν Μελέαγρος ἄρηι φίλος πολέμιζε,\nτόφρα δὲ Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν, οὐδὲ δύναντο\nτείχεος ἔκτοσθεν μίμνειν πολέες περ ἐόντες·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Μελέαγρον ἔδυ χόλος, ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλων\nοἰδάνει ἐν στήθεσσι νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων,", "en": "But Meleager son of Oeneus got huntsmen and hounds from many cities and killed it, for it was so monstrous that not a few were needed, and many a man did it stretch upon his funeral pyre. On this the goddess set the Curetes and the Aetolians fighting furiously about the head and skin of the boar.\n“So long as Meleager was in the field things went badly with the Curetes, and for all their numbers they could not hold their ground under the city walls; but in the course of time Meleager was angered as even a wise man will sometimes be." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.555–572", "orig": "ἤτοι ὃ μητρὶ φίλῃ Ἀλθαίῃ χωόμενος κῆρ\nκεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ καλῇ Κλεοπάτρῃ\nκούρῃ Μαρπήσσης καλλισφύρου Εὐηνίνης\nἼδεώ θʼ, ὃς κάρτιστος ἐπιχθονίων γένετʼ ἀνδρῶν\nτῶν τότε· καί ῥα ἄνακτος ἐναντίον εἵλετο τόξον\nΦοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος καλλισφύρου εἵνεκα νύμφης,\nτὴν δὲ τότʼ ἐν μεγάροισι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nἈλκυόνην καλέεσκον ἐπώνυμον, οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῆς\nμήτηρ ἀλκυόνος πολυπενθέος οἶτον ἔχουσα\nκλαῖεν ὅ μιν ἑκάεργος ἀνήρπασε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nτῇ ὅ γε παρκατέλεκτο χόλον θυμαλγέα πέσσων\nἐξ ἀρέων μητρὸς κεχολωμένος, ἥ ῥα θεοῖσι\nπόλλʼ ἀχέουσʼ ἠρᾶτο κασιγνήτοιο φόνοιο,\nπολλὰ δὲ καὶ γαῖαν πολυφόρβην χερσὶν ἀλοία\nκικλήσκουσʼ Ἀΐδην καὶ ἐπαινὴν Περσεφόνειαν\nπρόχνυ καθεζομένη, δεύοντο δὲ δάκρυσι κόλποι,\nπαιδὶ δόμεν θάνατον· τῆς δʼ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινὺς\nἔκλυεν ἐξ Ἐρέβεσφιν ἀμείλιχον ἦτορ ἔχουσα.", "en": "He was incensed with his mother Althaea, and therefore stayed at home with his wedded wife fair Cleopatra, who was daughter of Marpessa daughter of Euenus, and of Ides the man then living. He it was who took his bow and faced King Apollo himself for fair Marpessa’s sake; her father and mother then named her Alcyone, because her mother had mourned with the plaintive strains of the halcyon-bird when Phoebus Apollo had carried her off. Meleager, then, stayed at home with Cleopatra, nursing the anger which he felt by reason of his mother’s curses. His mother, grieving for the death of her brother, prayed the gods, and beat the earth with her hands, calling upon Hades and on awful Proserpine; she went down upon her knees and her bosom was wet with tears as she prayed that they would kill her son, and Erinys that walks in darkness and knows no ruth heard her from Erebus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.573–589", "orig": "τῶν δὲ τάχʼ ἀμφὶ πύλας ὅμαδος καὶ δοῦπος ὀρώρει\nπύργων βαλλομένων· τὸν δὲ λίσσοντο γέροντες\nΑἰτωλῶν, πέμπον δὲ θεῶν ἱερῆας ἀρίστους,\nἐξελθεῖν καὶ ἀμῦναι ὑποσχόμενοι μέγα δῶρον·\nὁππόθι πιότατον πεδίον Καλυδῶνος ἐραννῆς,\nἔνθά μιν ἤνωγον τέμενος περικαλλὲς ἑλέσθαι\nπεντηκοντόγυον, τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ οἰνοπέδοιο,\nἥμισυ δὲ ψιλὴν ἄροσιν πεδίοιο ταμέσθαι.\nπολλὰ δέ μιν λιτάνευε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Οἰνεὺς\nοὐδοῦ ἐπεμβεβαὼς ὑψηρεφέος θαλάμοιο\nσείων κολλητὰς σανίδας γουνούμενος υἱόν·\nπολλὰ δὲ τόν γε κασίγνηται καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nἐλλίσσονθʼ· ὃ δὲ μᾶλλον ἀναίνετο· πολλὰ δʼ ἑταῖροι,\nοἵ οἱ κεδνότατοι καὶ φίλτατοι ἦσαν ἁπάντων·\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς τοῦ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθον,\nπρίν γʼ ὅτε δὴ θάλαμος πύκʼ ἐβάλλετο, τοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ πύργων\nβαῖνον Κουρῆτες καὶ ἐνέπρηθον μέγα ἄστυ.", "en": "“Then was heard the din of battle about the gates of Calydon, and the dull thump of the battering against their walls. Thereon the elders of the Aetolians besought Meleager; they sent the chiefest of their priests, and begged him to come out and help them, promising him a great reward. They bade him choose fifty plough-gates, the most fertile in the plain of Calydon, the one-half vineyard and the other open plough-land. The old warrior Oeneus implored him, standing at the threshold of his room and beating the doors in supplication. His sisters and his mother herself besought him sore, but he the more refused them; those of his comrades who were nearest and dearest to him also prayed him, but they could not move him till the foe was battering at the very doors of his chamber, and the Curetes had scaled the walls and were setting fire to the city." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.590–605", "orig": "καὶ τότε δὴ Μελέαγρον ἐΰζωνος παράκοιτις\nλίσσετʼ ὀδυρομένη, καί οἱ κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα\nκήδεʼ, ὅσʼ ἀνθρώποισι πέλει τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ·\nἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει,\nτέκνα δέ τʼ ἄλλοι ἄγουσι βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας.\nτοῦ δʼ ὠρίνετο θυμὸς ἀκούοντος κακὰ ἔργα,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι, χροῒ δʼ ἔντεʼ ἐδύσετο παμφανόωντα.\nὣς ὃ μὲν Αἰτωλοῖσιν ἀπήμυνεν κακὸν ἦμαρ\nεἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ· τῷ δʼ οὐκέτι δῶρα τέλεσσαν\nπολλά τε καὶ χαρίεντα, κακὸν δʼ ἤμυνε καὶ αὔτως.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μή μοι ταῦτα νόει φρεσί, μὴ δέ σε δαίμων\nἐνταῦθα τρέψειε φίλος· κάκιον δέ κεν εἴη\nνηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν ἀμυνέμεν· ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ δώρων\nἔρχεο· ἶσον γάρ σε θεῷ τίσουσιν Ἀχαιοί.\nεἰ δέ κʼ ἄτερ δώρων πόλεμον φθισήνορα δύῃς\nοὐκέθʼ ὁμῶς τιμῆς ἔσεαι πόλεμόν περ ἀλαλκών.", "en": "Then at last his sorrowing wife detailed the horrors that befall those whose city is taken; she reminded him how the men are slain, and the city is given over to the flames, while the women and children are carried into captivity; when he heard all this, his heart was touched, and he donned his armour to go forth. Thus of his own inward motion he saved the city of the Aetolians; but they now gave him nothing of those rich rewards that they had offered earlier, and though he saved the city he took nothing by it. Be not then, my son, thus minded; let not heaven lure you into any such course. When the ships are burning it will be a harder matter to save them. Take the gifts, and go, for the Achaeans will then honour you as a god; whereas if you fight without taking them, you may beat the battle back, but you will not be held in like honour.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.606–619", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nΦοῖνιξ ἄττα γεραιὲ διοτρεφὲς οὔ τί με ταύτης\nχρεὼ τιμῆς· φρονέω δὲ τετιμῆσθαι Διὸς αἴσῃ,\nἥ μʼ ἕξει παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν εἰς ὅ κʼ ἀϋτμὴ\nἐν στήθεσσι μένῃ καί μοι φίλα γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ.\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι·\nμή μοι σύγχει θυμὸν ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων\nἈτρεΐδῃ ἥρωϊ φέρων χάριν· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ\nτὸν φιλέειν, ἵνα μή μοι ἀπέχθηαι φιλέοντι.\nκαλόν τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κʼ ἐμὲ κήδῃ·\nἶσον ἐμοὶ βασίλευε καὶ ἥμισυ μείρεο τιμῆς.\nοὗτοι δʼ ἀγγελέουσι, σὺ δʼ αὐτόθι λέξεο μίμνων\nεὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ· ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι\nφρασσόμεθʼ ἤ κε νεώμεθʼ ἐφʼ ἡμέτερʼ ἦ κε μένωμεν.", "en": "And Achilles answered, “Phoenix, old friend and father, I have no need of such honour. I have honour from Jove himself, which will abide with me at my ships while I have breath in my body, and my limbs are strong. I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, vex me no more with this weeping and lamentation, all in the cause of the son of Atreus. Love him so well, and you may lose the love I bear you. You ought to help me rather in troubling those that trouble me; be king as much as I am, and share like honour with myself; the others shall take my answer; stay here yourself and sleep comfortably in your bed; at daybreak we will consider whether to remain or go.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.620–633", "orig": "ἦ καὶ Πατρόκλῳ ὅ γʼ ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε σιωπῇ\nΦοίνικι στορέσαι πυκινὸν λέχος, ὄφρα τάχιστα\nἐκ κλισίης νόστοιο μεδοίατο· τοῖσι δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴας\nἀντίθεος Τελαμωνιάδης μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπε·\nδιογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ\nἴομεν· οὐ γάρ μοι δοκέει μύθοιο τελευτὴ\nτῇδέ γʼ ὁδῷ κρανέεσθαι· ἀπαγγεῖλαι δὲ τάχιστα\nχρὴ μῦθον Δαναοῖσι καὶ οὐκ ἀγαθόν περ ἐόντα\nοἵ που νῦν ἕαται ποτιδέγμενοι. αὐτάρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἄγριον ἐν στήθεσσι θέτο μεγαλήτορα θυμὸν\nσχέτλιος, οὐδὲ μετατρέπεται φιλότητος ἑταίρων\nτῆς ᾗ μιν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτίομεν ἔξοχον ἄλλων\nνηλής· καὶ μέν τίς τε κασιγνήτοιο φονῆος\nποινὴν ἢ οὗ παιδὸς ἐδέξατο τεθνηῶτος·", "en": "On this he nodded quietly to Patroclus as a sign that he was to prepare a bed for Phoenix, and that the others should take their leave. Ajax son of Telamon then said, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, let us be gone, for I see that our journey is vain. We must now take our answer, unwelcome though it be, to the Danaans who are waiting to receive it. Achilles is savage and remorseless; he is cruel, and cares nothing for the love his comrades lavished upon him more than on all the others. He is implacable, and yet if a man’s brother or son has been slain he will accept a fine by way of amends from him that killed him, and the wrong-doer having paid in full remains in peace among his own people;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.634–655", "orig": "καί ῥʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν δήμῳ μένει αὐτοῦ πόλλʼ ἀποτίσας,\nτοῦ δέ τʼ ἐρητύεται κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nποινὴν δεξαμένῳ· σοὶ δʼ ἄληκτόν τε κακόν τε\nθυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι θεοὶ θέσαν εἵνεκα κούρης\nοἴης· νῦν δέ τοι ἑπτὰ παρίσχομεν ἔξοχʼ ἀρίστας,\nἄλλά τε πόλλʼ ἐπὶ τῇσι· σὺ δʼ ἵλαον ἔνθεο θυμόν,\nαἴδεσσαι δὲ μέλαθρον· ὑπωρόφιοι δέ τοί εἰμεν\nπληθύος ἐκ Δαναῶν, μέμαμεν δέ τοι ἔξοχον ἄλλων\nκήδιστοί τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ φίλτατοι ὅσσοι Ἀχαιοί.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nΑἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν\nπάντά τί μοι κατὰ θυμὸν ἐείσαο μυθήσασθαι·\nἀλλά μοι οἰδάνεται κραδίη χόλῳ ὁππότε κείνων\nμνήσομαι ὥς μʼ ἀσύφηλον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔρεξεν\nἈτρεΐδης ὡς εἴ τινʼ ἀτίμητον μετανάστην.\nἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς ἔρχεσθε καὶ ἀγγελίην ἀπόφασθε·\nοὐ γὰρ πρὶν πολέμοιο μεδήσομαι αἱματόεντος\nπρίν γʼ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο δαΐφρονος Ἕκτορα δῖον\nΜυρμιδόνων ἐπί τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας ἱκέσθαι\nκτείνοντʼ Ἀργείους, κατά τε σμῦξαι πυρὶ νῆας.\nἀμφὶ δέ τοι τῇ ἐμῇ κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ\nἝκτορα καὶ μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω.", "en": "but as for you, Achilles, the gods have put a wicked unforgiving spirit in your heart, and this, all about one single girl, whereas we now offer you the seven best we have, and much else into the bargain. Be then of a more gracious mind, respect the hospitality of your own roof. We are with you as messengers from the host of the Danaans, and would fain be held nearest and dearest to yourself of all the Achaeans.”\n“Ajax,” replied Achilles, “noble son of Telamon, you have spoken much to my liking, but my blood boils when I think it all over, and remember how the son of Atreus treated me with contumely as though I were some vile tramp, and that too in the presence of the Argives. Go, then, and deliver your message; say that I will have no concern with fighting till Hector, son of noble Priam, reaches the tents of the Myrmidons in his murderous course, and flings fire upon their ships. For all his lust of battle, I take it he will be held in check when he is at my own tent and ship.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.656–676", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ ἕκαστος ἑλὼν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον\nσπείσαντες παρὰ νῆας ἴσαν πάλιν· ἦρχε δʼ Ὀδυσσεύς.\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἰδὲ δμωῇσι κέλευσε\nΦοίνικι στορέσαι πυκινὸν λέχος ὅττι τάχιστα.\nαἳ δʼ ἐπιπειθόμεναι στόρεσαν λέχος ὡς ἐκέλευσε\nκώεά τε ῥῆγός τε λίνοιό τε λεπτὸν ἄωτον.\nἔνθʼ ὃ γέρων κατέλεκτο καὶ ἠῶ δῖαν ἔμιμνεν.\nαὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς εὗδε μυχῷ κλισίης εὐπήκτου·\nτῷ δʼ ἄρα παρκατέλεκτο γυνή, τὴν Λεσβόθεν ἦγε,\nΦόρβαντος θυγάτηρ Διομήδη καλλιπάρῃος.\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐλέξατο· πὰρ δʼ ἄρα καὶ τῷ\nἾφις ἐΰζωνος, τήν οἱ πόρε δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nΣκῦρον ἑλὼν αἰπεῖαν Ἐνυῆος πτολίεθρον.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίῃσιν ἐν Ἀτρεΐδαο γένοντο.\nτοὺς μὲν ἄρα χρυσέοισι κυπέλλοις υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nδειδέχατʼ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος ἀνασταδόν, ἔκ τʼ ἐρέοντο·\nπρῶτος δʼ ἐξερέεινεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nεἴπʼ ἄγε μʼ ὦ πολύαινʼ Ὀδυσεῦ μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν\nἤ ῥʼ ἐθέλει νήεσσιν ἀλεξέμεναι δήϊον πῦρ,\nἦ ἀπέειπε, χόλος δʼ ἔτʼ ἔχει μεγαλήτορα θυμόν;\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·", "en": "On this they took every man his double cup, made their drink-offerings, and went back to the ships, Ulysses leading the way. But Patroclus told his men and the maid-servants to make ready a comfortable bed for Phoenix; they therefore did so with sheepskins, a rug, and a sheet of fine linen. The old man then laid himself down and waited till morning came. But Achilles slept in an inner room, and beside him the daughter of Phorbas lovely Diomede, whom he had carried off from Lesbos. Patroclus lay on the other side of the room, and with him fair Iphis whom Achilles had given him when he took Scyros the city of Enyeus.\nWhen the envoys reached the tents of the son of Atreus, the Achaeans rose, pledged them in cups of gold, and began to question them. King Agamemnon was the first to do so. “Tell me, Ulysses,” said he, “will he save the ships from burning, or did he refuse, and is he still furious?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.677–695", "orig": "Ἀτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nκεῖνός γʼ οὐκ ἐθέλει σβέσσαι χόλον, ἀλλʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον\nπιμπλάνεται μένεος, σὲ δʼ ἀναίνεται ἠδὲ σὰ δῶρα.\nαὐτόν σε φράζεσθαι ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἄνωγεν\nὅππως κεν νῆάς τε σαῷς καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἠπείλησεν ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι\nνῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλαδʼ ἑλκέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.\nκαὶ δʼ ἂν τοῖς ἄλλοισιν ἔφη παραμυθήσασθαι\nοἴκαδʼ ἀποπλείειν, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι δήετε τέκμωρ\nἸλίου αἰπεινῆς· μάλα γάρ ἑθεν εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nχεῖρα ἑὴν ὑπερέσχε, τεθαρσήκασι δὲ λαοί.\nὣς ἔφατʼ· εἰσὶ καὶ οἵδε τάδʼ εἰπέμεν, οἵ μοι ἕποντο,\nΑἴας καὶ κήρυκε δύω πεπνυμένω ἄμφω.\nΦοῖνιξ δʼ αὖθʼ ὃ γέρων κατελέξατο, ὡς γὰρ ἀνώγει,\nὄφρά οἱ ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἕπηται\nαὔριον, ἢν ἐθέλῃσιν· ἀνάγκῃ δʼ οὔ τί μιν ἄξει.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ\nμῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι· μάλα γὰρ κρατερῶς ἀγόρευσε.\nδὴν δʼ ἄνεῳ ἦσαν τετιηότες υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·", "en": "Ulysses answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, Achilles will not be calmed, but is more fiercely angry than ever, and spurns both you and your gifts. He bids you take counsel with the Achaeans to save the ships and host as you best may; as for himself, he said that at daybreak he should draw his ships into the water. He said further that he should advise every one to sail home likewise, for that you will not reach the goal of Ilius. ‘Jove,’ he said, ‘has laid his hand over the city to protect it, and the people have taken heart.’ This is what he said, and the others who were with me can tell you the same story, Ajax and the two heralds, men, both of them, who may be trusted. The old man Phoenix stayed where he was to sleep, for so Achilles would have it, that he might go home with him in the morning if he so would; but he will not take him by force.”\nThey all held their peace, sitting for a long time silent and dejected, by reason of the sternness with which Achilles had refused them, till presently Diomed said, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, you ought not to have sued the son of Peleus nor offered him gifts." }, { "ref": "Iliad 9.696–713", "orig": "ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nἈτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nμὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα\nμυρία δῶρα διδούς· ὃ δʼ ἀγήνωρ ἐστὶ καὶ ἄλλως·\nνῦν αὖ μιν πολὺ μᾶλλον ἀγηνορίῃσιν ἐνῆκας.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι κεῖνον μὲν ἐάσομεν ἤ κεν ἴῃσιν\nἦ κε μένῃ· τότε δʼ αὖτε μαχήσεται ὁππότε κέν μιν\nθυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνώγῃ καὶ θεὸς ὄρσῃ.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες·\nνῦν μὲν κοιμήσασθε τεταρπόμενοι φίλον ἦτορ\nσίτου καὶ οἴνοιο· τὸ γὰρ μένος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀλκή·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κε φανῇ καλὴ ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,\nκαρπαλίμως πρὸ νεῶν ἐχέμεν λαόν τε καὶ ἵππους\nὀτρύνων, καὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἐνὶ πρώτοισι μάχεσθαι.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνησαν βασιλῆες\nμῦθον ἀγασσάμενοι Διομήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο.\nκαὶ τότε δὴ σπείσαντες ἔβαν κλισίην δὲ ἕκαστος,\nἔνθα δὲ κοιμήσαντο καὶ ὕπνου δῶρον ἕλοντο.", "en": "He is proud enough as it is, and you have encouraged him in his pride still further. Let him stay or go as he will. He will fight later when he is in the humour, and heaven puts it in his mind to do so. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; we have eaten and drunk our fill, let us then take our rest, for in rest there is both strength and stay. But when fair rosy-fingered morn appears, forthwith bring out your host and your horsemen in front of the ships, urging them on, and yourself fighting among the foremost.”\nThus he spoke, and the other chieftains approved his words. They then made their drink-offerings and went every man to his own tent, where they laid down to rest and enjoyed the boon of sleep." } ], "10": [ { "ref": "Iliad 10.1–20", "orig": "ἄλλοι μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν\nεὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ·\nἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν\nὕπνος ἔχε γλυκερὸς πολλὰ φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντα.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀστράπτῃ πόσις Ἥρης ἠϋκόμοιο\nτεύχων ἢ πολὺν ὄμβρον ἀθέσφατον ἠὲ χάλαζαν\nἢ νιφετόν, ὅτε πέρ τε χιὼν ἐπάλυνεν ἀρούρας,\nἠέ ποθι πτολέμοιο μέγα στόμα πευκεδανοῖο,\nὣς πυκίνʼ ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀνεστενάχιζʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nνειόθεν ἐκ κραδίης, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός.\nἤτοι ὅτʼ ἐς πεδίον τὸ Τρωϊκὸν ἀθρήσειε,\nθαύμαζεν πυρὰ πολλὰ τὰ καίετο Ἰλιόθι πρὸ\nαὐλῶν συρίγγων τʼ ἐνοπὴν ὅμαδόν τʼ ἀνθρώπων.\nαὐτὰρ ὅτʼ ἐς νῆάς τε ἴδοι καὶ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν,\nπολλὰς ἐκ κεφαλῆς προθελύμνους ἕλκετο χαίτας\nὑψόθʼ ἐόντι Διί, μέγα δʼ ἔστενε κυδάλιμον κῆρ.\nἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλὴ\nΝέστορʼ ἔπι πρῶτον Νηλήϊον ἐλθέμεν ἀνδρῶν,\nεἴ τινά οἱ σὺν μῆτιν ἀμύμονα τεκτήναιτο,\nἥ τις ἀλεξίκακος πᾶσιν Δαναοῖσι γένοιτο.", "en": "Now the other princes of the Achaeans slept soundly the whole night through, but Agamemnon son of Atreus was troubled, so that he could get no rest. As when fair Juno’s lord flashes his lightning in token of great rain or hail or snow when the snow-flakes whiten the ground, or again as a sign that he will open the wide jaws of hungry war, even so did Agamemnon heave many a heavy sigh, for his soul trembled within him. When he looked upon the plain of Troy he marvelled at the many watchfires burning in front of Ilius, and at the sound of pipes and flutes and of the hum of men, but when presently he turned towards the ships and hosts of the Achaeans, he tore his hair by handfuls before Jove on high, and groaned aloud for the very disquietness of his soul. In the end he deemed it best to go at once to Nestor son of Neleus, and see if between them they could find any way of the Achaeans from destruction." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.21–41", "orig": "ὀρθωθεὶς δʼ ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα,\nποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἔπειτα δαφοινὸν ἑέσσατο δέρμα λέοντος\nαἴθωνος μεγάλοιο ποδηνεκές, εἵλετο δʼ ἔγχος.\nὣς δʼ αὔτως Μενέλαον ἔχε τρόμος· οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτῷ\nὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἐφίζανε· μή τι πάθοιεν\nἈργεῖοι, τοὶ δὴ ἕθεν εἵνεκα πουλὺν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν\nἤλυθον ἐς Τροίην πόλεμον θρασὺν ὁρμαίνοντες.\nπαρδαλέῃ μὲν πρῶτα μετάφρενον εὐρὺ κάλυψε\nποικίλῃ, αὐτὰρ ἐπὶ στεφάνην κεφαλῆφιν ἀείρας\nθήκατο χαλκείην, δόρυ δʼ εἵλετο χειρὶ παχείῃ.\nβῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἀνστήσων ὃν ἀδελφεόν, ὃς μέγα πάντων\nἈργείων ἤνασσε, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ.\nτὸν δʼ εὗρʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι τιθήμενον ἔντεα καλὰ\nνηῒ πάρα πρύμνῃ· τῷ δʼ ἀσπάσιος γένετʼ ἐλθών.\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·\nτίφθʼ οὕτως ἠθεῖε κορύσσεαι; ἦ τινʼ ἑταίρων\nὀτρυνέεις Τρώεσσιν ἐπίσκοπον; ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς\nδείδω μὴ οὔ τίς τοι ὑπόσχηται τόδε ἔργον\nἄνδρας δυσμενέας σκοπιαζέμεν οἶος ἐπελθὼν\nνύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην· μάλα τις θρασυκάρδιος ἔσται.", "en": "He therefore rose, put on his shirt, bound his sandals about his comely feet, flung the skin of a huge tawny lion over his shoulders, a skin that reached his feet, and took his spear in his hand.\nNeither could Menelaus sleep, for he, too, boded ill for the Argives who for his sake had sailed from far over the seas to fight the Trojans. He covered his broad back with the skin of a spotted panther, put a casque of bronze upon his head, and took his spear in his brawny hand. Then he went to rouse his brother, who was by far the most powerful of the Achaeans, and was honoured by the people as though he were a god. He found him by the stern of his ship already putting his goodly array about his shoulders, and right glad was he that his brother had come.\nMenelaus spoke first. “Why,” said he, “my dear brother, are you thus arming? Are you going to send any of our comrades to exploit the Trojans? I greatly fear that no one will do you this service, and spy upon the enemy alone in the dead of night. It will be a deed of great daring.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.42–59", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nχρεὼ βουλῆς ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ διοτρεφὲς ὦ Μενέλαε\nκερδαλέης, ἥ τίς κεν ἐρύσσεται ἠδὲ σαώσει\nἈργείους καὶ νῆας, ἐπεὶ Διὸς ἐτράπετο φρήν.\nἙκτορέοις ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπὶ φρένα θῆχʼ ἱεροῖσιν·\nοὐ γάρ πω ἰδόμην, οὐδʼ ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος\nἄνδρʼ ἕνα τοσσάδε μέρμερʼ ἐπʼ ἤματι μητίσασθαι,\nὅσσʼ Ἕκτωρ ἔρρεξε Διῒ φίλος υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nαὔτως, οὔτε θεᾶς υἱὸς φίλος οὔτε θεοῖο.\nἔργα δʼ ἔρεξʼ ὅσα φημὶ μελησέμεν Ἀργείοισι\nδηθά τε καὶ δολιχόν· τόσα γὰρ κακὰ μήσατʼ Ἀχαιούς.\nἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα κάλεσσον\nῥίμφα θέων παρὰ νῆας· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ Νέστορα δῖον\nεἶμι, καὶ ὀτρυνέω ἀνστήμεναι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν\nἐλθεῖν ἐς φυλάκων ἱερὸν τέλος ἠδʼ ἐπιτεῖλαι.\nκείνῳ γάρ κε μάλιστα πιθοίατο· τοῖο γὰρ υἱὸς\nσημαίνει φυλάκεσσι καὶ Ἰδομενῆος ὀπάων\nΜηριόνης· τοῖσιν γὰρ ἐπετράπομέν γε μάλιστα.", "en": "And King Agamemnon answered, “Menelaus, we both of us need shrewd counsel to save the Argives and our ships, for Jove has changed his mind, and inclines towards Hector’s sacrifices rather than ours. I never saw nor heard tell of any man as having wrought such ruin in one day as Hector has now wrought against the sons of the Achaeans, and that too of his own unaided self, for he is son neither to god nor goddess. The Argives will rue it long and deeply. Run, therefore, with all speed by the line of the ships, and call Ajax and Idomeneus. Meanwhile I will go to Nestor, and bid him rise and go about among the companies of our sentinels to give them their instructions; they will listen to him sooner than to any man, for his own son, and Meriones brother in arms to Idomeneus, are captains over them. It was to them more particularly that we gave this charge.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.60–71", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·\nπῶς γάρ μοι μύθῳ ἐπιτέλλεαι ἠδὲ κελεύεις;\nαὖθι μένω μετὰ τοῖσι δεδεγμένος εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃς,\nἦε θέω μετὰ σʼ αὖτις, ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω;\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,\nαὖθι μένειν, μή πως ἀβροτάξομεν ἀλλήλοιιν\nἐρχομένω· πολλαὶ γὰρ ἀνὰ στρατόν εἰσι κέλευθοι.\nφθέγγεο δʼ ᾗ κεν ἴῃσθα καὶ ἐγρήγορθαι ἄνωχθι\nπατρόθεν ἐκ γενεῆς ὀνομάζων ἄνδρα ἕκαστον\nπάντας κυδαίνων· μηδὲ μεγαλίζεο θυμῷ,\nἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί περ πονεώμεθα· ὧδέ που ἄμμι\nΖεὺς ἐπὶ γιγνομένοισιν ἵει κακότητα βαρεῖαν.", "en": "Menelaus replied, “How do I take your meaning? Am I to stay with them and wait your coming, or shall I return here as soon as I have given your orders?” “Wait,” answered King Agamemnon, “for there are so many paths about the camp that we might miss one another. Call every man on your way, and bid him be stirring; name him by his lineage and by his father’s name, give each all titular observance, and stand not too much upon your own dignity; we must take our full share of toil, for at our birth Jove laid this heavy burden upon us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.72–86", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἀπέπεμπεν ἀδελφεὸν εὖ ἐπιτείλας·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰέναι μετὰ Νέστορα ποιμένα λαῶν·\nτὸν δʼ εὗρεν παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ\nεὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ· παρὰ δʼ ἔντεα ποικίλʼ ἔκειτο\nἀσπὶς καὶ δύο δοῦρε φαεινή τε τρυφάλεια.\nπὰρ δὲ ζωστὴρ κεῖτο παναίολος, ᾧ ῥʼ ὁ γεραιὸς\nζώννυθʼ ὅτʼ ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα θωρήσσοιτο\nλαὸν ἄγων, ἐπεὶ οὐ μὲν ἐπέτρεπε γήραϊ λυγρῷ.\nὀρθωθεὶς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀγκῶνος κεφαλὴν ἐπαείρας\nἈτρεΐδην προσέειπε καὶ ἐξερεείνετο μύθῳ·\nτίς δʼ οὗτος κατὰ νῆας ἀνὰ στρατὸν ἔρχεαι οἶος\nνύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι,\nἠέ τινʼ οὐρήων διζήμενος, ἤ τινʼ ἑταίρων;\nφθέγγεο, μηδʼ ἀκέων ἐπʼ ἔμʼ ἔρχεο· τίπτε δέ σε χρεώ;\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·", "en": "With these instructions he sent his brother on his way, and went on to Nestor shepherd of his people. He found him sleeping in his tent hard by his own ship; his goodly armour lay beside him, his shield, his two spears and his helmet; beside him also lay the gleaming girdle with which the old man girded himself when he armed to lead his people into battle, for his age stayed him not. He raised himself on his elbow and looked up at Agamemnon. “Who is it,” said he, “that goes thus about the host and the ships alone and in the dead of night, when men are sleeping? Are you looking for one of your mules or for some comrade? Do not stand there and say nothing, but speak. What is your business?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.87–101", "orig": "ὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν\nγνώσεαι Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα, τὸν περὶ πάντων\nΖεὺς ἐνέηκε πόνοισι διαμπερὲς εἰς ὅ κʼ ἀϋτμὴ\nἐν στήθεσσι μένῃ καί μοι φίλα γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ.\nπλάζομαι ὧδʼ ἐπεὶ οὔ μοι ἐπʼ ὄμμασι νήδυμος ὕπνος\nἱζάνει, ἀλλὰ μέλει πόλεμος καὶ κήδεʼ Ἀχαιῶν.\nαἰνῶς γὰρ Δαναῶν περιδείδια, οὐδέ μοι ἦτορ\nἔμπεδον, ἀλλʼ ἀλαλύκτημαι, κραδίη δέ μοι ἔξω\nστηθέων ἐκθρῴσκει, τρομέει δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα.\nἀλλʼ εἴ τι δραίνεις, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ σέ γʼ ὕπνος ἱκάνει,\nδεῦρʼ ἐς τοὺς φύλακας καταβήομεν, ὄφρα ἴδωμεν\nμὴ τοὶ μὲν καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες ἠδὲ καὶ ὕπνῳ\nκοιμήσωνται, ἀτὰρ φυλακῆς ἐπὶ πάγχυ λάθωνται.\nδυσμενέες δʼ ἄνδρες σχεδὸν εἵαται· οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν\nμή πως καὶ διὰ νύκτα μενοινήσωσι μάχεσθαι.", "en": "And Agamemnon answered, “Nestor, son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean name, it is I, Agamemnon son of Atreus, on whom Jove has laid labour and sorrow so long as there is breath in my body and my limbs carry me. I am thus abroad because sleep sits not upon my eyelids, but my heart is big with war and with the jeopardy of the Achaeans. I am in great fear for the Danaans. I am at sea, and without sure counsel; my heart beats as though it would leap out of my body, and my limbs fail me. If then you can do anything, for you too cannot sleep, let us go the round of the watch, and see whether they are drowsy with toil and sleeping to the neglect of their duty. The enemy is encamped hard and we know not but he may attack us by night.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.102–118", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nἈτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nοὔ θην Ἕκτορι πάντα νοήματα μητίετα Ζεὺς\nἐκτελέει, ὅσα πού νυν ἐέλπεται· ἀλλά μιν οἴω\nκήδεσι μοχθήσειν καὶ πλείοσιν, εἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐκ χόλου ἀργαλέοιο μεταστρέψῃ φίλον ἦτορ.\nσοὶ δὲ μάλʼ ἕψομʼ ἐγώ· ποτὶ δʼ αὖ καὶ ἐγείρομεν ἄλλους\nἠμὲν Τυδεΐδην δουρὶ κλυτὸν ἠδʼ Ὀδυσῆα\nἠδʼ Αἴαντα ταχὺν καὶ Φυλέος ἄλκιμον υἱόν.\nἀλλʼ εἴ τις καὶ τούσδε μετοιχόμενος καλέσειεν\nἀντίθεόν τʼ Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα·\nτῶν γὰρ νῆες ἔασιν ἑκαστάτω, οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἐγγύς.\nἀλλὰ φίλον περ ἐόντα καὶ αἰδοῖον Μενέλαον\nνεικέσω, εἴ πέρ μοι νεμεσήσεαι, οὐδʼ ἐπικεύσω\nὡς εὕδει, σοὶ δʼ οἴῳ ἐπέτρεψεν πονέεσθαι.\nνῦν ὄφελεν κατὰ πάντας ἀριστῆας πονέεσθαι\nλισσόμενος· χρειὼ γὰρ ἱκάνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτός.", "en": "Nestor replied, “Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon, Jove will not do all for Hector that Hector thinks he will; he will have troubles yet in plenty if Achilles will lay aside his anger. I will go with you, and we will rouse others, either the son of Tydeus, or Ulysses, or fleet Ajax and the valiant son of Phyleus. Some one had also better go and call Ajax and King Idomeneus, for their ships are not near at hand but the farthest of all. I cannot however refrain from blaming Menelaus, much as I love him and respect him, and I will say so plainly, even at the risk of offending you, for sleeping and leaving all this trouble to yourself. He ought to be going about imploring aid from all the princes of the Achaeans, for we are in extreme danger.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.119–130", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nὦ γέρον ἄλλοτε μέν σε καὶ αἰτιάασθαι ἄνωγα·\nπολλάκι γὰρ μεθιεῖ τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλει πονέεσθαι\nοὔτʼ ὄκνῳ εἴκων οὔτʼ ἀφραδίῃσι νόοιο,\nἀλλʼ ἐμέ τʼ εἰσορόων καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενος ὁρμήν.\nνῦν δʼ ἐμέο πρότερος μάλʼ ἐπέγρετο καί μοι ἐπέστη·\nτὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προέηκα καλήμεναι οὓς σὺ μεταλλᾷς.\nἀλλʼ ἴομεν· κείνους δὲ κιχησόμεθα πρὸ πυλάων\nἐν φυλάκεσσʼ, ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nοὕτως οὔ τίς οἱ νεμεσήσεται οὐδʼ ἀπιθήσει\nἈργείων, ὅτε κέν τινʼ ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἀνώγῃ.", "en": "And Agamemnon answered, “Sir, you may sometimes blame him justly, for he is often remiss and unwilling to exert himself, not indeed from sloth, nor yet heedlessness, but because he looks to me and expects me to take the lead. On this occasion, however, he was awake before I was, and came to me of his own accord. I have already sent him to call the very men whom you have named. And now let us be going. We shall find them with the watch outside the gates, for it was there I said that we would meet them.”\n“In that case,” answered Nestor, “the Argives will not blame him nor disobey his orders when he urges them to fight or gives them instructions.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.131–147", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα,\nποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα,\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα χλαῖναν περονήσατο φοινικόεσσαν\nδιπλῆν ἐκταδίην, οὔλη δʼ ἐπενήνοθε λάχνη.\nεἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι κατὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων.\nπρῶτον ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντον\nἐξ ὕπνου ἀνέγειρε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ\nφθεγξάμενος· τὸν δʼ αἶψα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθʼ ἰωή,\nἐκ δʼ ἦλθε κλισίης καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·\nτίφθʼ οὕτω κατὰ νῆας ἀνὰ στρατὸν οἶοι ἀλᾶσθε\nνύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην, ὅ τι δὴ χρειὼ τόσον ἵκει;\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nδιογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ\nμὴ νεμέσα· τοῖον γὰρ ἄχος βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς.\nἀλλʼ ἕπεʼ, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλον ἐγείρομεν ὅν τʼ ἐπέοικε\nβουλὰς βουλεύειν, ἢ φευγέμεν ἠὲ μάχεσθαι.", "en": "With this he put on his shirt, and bound his sandals about his comely feet. He buckled on his purple coat, of two thicknesses, large, and of a rough shaggy texture, grasped his redoubtable bronze-shod spear, and wended his way along the line of the Achaean ships. First he called loudly to Ulysses peer of gods in counsel and woke him, for he was soon roused by the sound of the battle-cry. He came outside his tent and said, “Why do you go thus alone about the host, and along the line of the ships in the stillness of the night? What is it that you find so urgent?” And Nestor knight of Gerene answered, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, take it not amiss, for the Achaeans are in great straits. Come with me and let us wake some other, who may advise well with us whether we shall fight or fly.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.148–161", "orig": "ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ κλισίην δὲ κιὼν πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς\nποικίλον ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι σάκος θέτο, βῆ δὲ μετʼ αὐτούς.\nβὰν δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα· τὸν δὲ κίχανον\nἐκτὸς ἀπὸ κλισίης σὺν τεύχεσιν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι\nεὗδον, ὑπὸ κρασὶν δʼ ἔχον ἀσπίδας· ἔγχεα δέ σφιν\nὄρθʼ ἐπὶ σαυρωτῆρος ἐλήλατο, τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς\nλάμφʼ ὥς τε στεροπὴ πατρὸς Διός· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως\nεὗδʼ, ὑπὸ δʼ ἔστρωτο ῥινὸν βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο,\nαὐτὰρ ὑπὸ κράτεσφι τάπης τετάνυστο φαεινός.\nτὸν παρστὰς ἀνέγειρε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ,\nλὰξ ποδὶ κινήσας, ὄτρυνέ τε νείκεσέ τʼ ἄντην·\nἔγρεο Τυδέος υἱέ· τί πάννυχον ὕπνον ἀωτεῖς;\nοὐκ ἀΐεις ὡς Τρῶες ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο\nεἵαται ἄγχι νεῶν, ὀλίγος δʼ ἔτι χῶρος ἐρύκει;", "en": "On this Ulysses went at once into his tent, put his shield about his shoulders and came out with them. First they went to Diomed son of Tydeus, and found him outside his tent clad in his armour with his comrades sleeping round him and using their shields as pillows; as for their spears, they stood upright on the spikes of their butts that were driven into the ground, and the burnished bronze flashed afar like the lightning of father Jove. The hero was sleeping upon the skin of an ox, with a piece of fine carpet under his head; Nestor went up to him and stirred him with his heel to rouse him, upbraiding him and urging him to bestir himself. “Wake up,” he exclaimed, “son of Tydeus. How can you sleep on in this way? Can you not see that the Trojans are encamped on the brow of the plain hard by our ships, with but a little space between us and them?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.162–176", "orig": "ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνοιο μάλα κραιπνῶς ἀνόρουσε,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nσχέτλιός ἐσσι γεραιέ· σὺ μὲν πόνου οὔ ποτε λήγεις.\nοὔ νυ καὶ ἄλλοι ἔασι νεώτεροι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nοἵ κεν ἔπειτα ἕκαστον ἐγείρειαν βασιλήων\nπάντῃ ἐποιχόμενοι; σὺ δʼ ἀμήχανός ἐσσι γεραιέ.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα φίλος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.\nεἰσὶν μέν μοι παῖδες ἀμύμονες, εἰσὶ δὲ λαοὶ\nκαὶ πολέες, τῶν κέν τις ἐποιχόμενος καλέσειεν·\nἀλλὰ μάλα μεγάλη χρειὼ βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς.\nνῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς\nἢ μάλα λυγρὸς ὄλεθρος Ἀχαιοῖς ἠὲ βιῶναι.\nἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Αἴαντα ταχὺν καὶ Φυλέος υἱὸν\nἄνστησον· σὺ γάρ ἐσσι νεώτερος· εἴ μʼ ἐλεαίρεις.", "en": "On these words Diomed leaped up instantly and said, “Old man, your heart is of iron; you rest not one moment from your labours. Are there no younger men among the Achaeans who could go about to rouse the princes? There is no tiring you.”\nAnd Nestor knight of Gerene made answer, “My son, all that you have said is true. I have good sons, and also much people who might call the chieftains, but the Achaeans are in the gravest danger; life and death are balanced as it were on the edge of a razor. Go then, for you are younger than I, and of your courtesy rouse Ajax and the fleet son of Phyleus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.177–193", "orig": "ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἑέσσατο δέρμα λέοντος\nαἴθωνος μεγάλοιο ποδηνεκές, εἵλετο δʼ ἔγχος.\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι, τοὺς δʼ ἔνθεν ἀναστήσας ἄγεν ἥρως.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ φυλάκεσσιν ἐν ἀγρομένοισιν ἔμιχθεν,\nοὐδὲ μὲν εὕδοντας φυλάκων ἡγήτορας εὗρον,\nἀλλʼ ἐγρηγορτὶ σὺν τεύχεσιν εἵατο πάντες.\nὡς δὲ κύνες περὶ μῆλα δυσωρήσωνται ἐν αὐλῇ\nθηρὸς ἀκούσαντες κρατερόφρονος, ὅς τε καθʼ ὕλην\nἔρχηται διʼ ὄρεσφι· πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ἐπʼ αὐτῷ\nἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ κυνῶν, ἀπό τέ σφισιν ὕπνος ὄλωλεν·\nὣς τῶν νήδυμος ὕπνος ἀπὸ βλεφάροιιν ὀλώλει\nνύκτα φυλασσομένοισι κακήν· πεδίον δὲ γὰρ αἰεὶ\nτετράφαθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων ἀΐοιεν ἰόντων.\nτοὺς δʼ ὃ γέρων γήθησεν ἰδὼν θάρσυνέ τε μύθῳ\nκαί σφεας φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nοὕτω νῦν φίλα τέκνα φυλάσσετε· μηδέ τινʼ ὕπνος\nαἱρείτω, μὴ χάρμα γενώμεθα δυσμενέεσσιν.", "en": "Diomed threw the skin of a great tawny lion about his shoulders, a skin that reached his feet, and grasped his spear. When he had roused the heroes, he brought them back with him; they then went the round of those who were on guard, and found the captains not sleeping at their posts but wakeful and sitting with their arms about them. As sheep dogs that watch their flocks when they are yarded, and hear a wild beast coming through the mountain forest towards them, forthwith there is a hue and cry of dogs and men, and slumber is broken, even so was sleep chased from the eyes of the Achaeans as they kept the watches of the wicked night, for they turned constantly towards the plain whenever they heard any stir among the Trojans. The old man was glad and bade them be of good cheer. “Watch on, my children,” said he, “and let not sleep get hold upon you, lest our enemies triumph over us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.194–210", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν τάφροιο διέσσυτο· τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο\nἈργείων βασιλῆες ὅσοι κεκλήατο βουλήν.\nτοῖς δʼ ἅμα Μηριόνης καὶ Νέστορος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς\nἤϊσαν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ κάλεον συμμητιάασθαι.\nτάφρον δʼ ἐκδιαβάντες ὀρυκτὴν ἑδριόωντο\nἐν καθαρῷ, ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος\nπιπτόντων· ὅθεν αὖτις ἀπετράπετʼ ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ\nὀλλὺς Ἀργείους, ὅτε δὴ περὶ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν.\nἔνθα καθεζόμενοι ἔπεʼ ἀλλήλοισι πίφαυσκον·\nτοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nὦ φίλοι οὐκ ἂν δή τις ἀνὴρ πεπίθοιθʼ ἑῷ αὐτοῦ\nθυμῷ τολμήεντι μετὰ Τρῶας μεγαθύμους\nἐλθεῖν, εἴ τινά που δηΐων ἕλοι ἐσχατόωντα,\nἤ τινά που καὶ φῆμιν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι πύθοιτο,\nἅσσά τε μητιόωσι μετὰ σφίσιν, ἢ μεμάασιν\nαὖθι μένειν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀπόπροθεν, ἦε πόλιν δὲ\nἂψ ἀναχωρήσουσιν, ἐπεὶ δαμάσαντό γʼ Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "With this he passed the trench, and with him the other chiefs of the Achaeans who had been called to the council. Meriones and the brave son of Nestor went also, for the princes bade them. When they were beyond the trench that was dug round the wall they held their meeting on the open ground where there was a space clear of corpses, for it was here that when night fell Hector had turned back from his onslaught on the Argives. They sat down, therefore, and held debate with one another.\nNestor spoke first. “My friends,” said he, “is there any man bold enough to venture among the Trojans, and cut off some straggler, or bring us news of what the enemy mean to do whether they will stay here by the ships away from the city, or whether, now that they have worsted the Achaeans, they will retire within their walls." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.211–226", "orig": "ταῦτά κε πάντα πύθοιτο, καὶ ἂψ εἰς ἡμέας ἔλθοι\nἀσκηθής· μέγα κέν οἱ ὑπουράνιον κλέος εἴη\nπάντας ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους, καί οἱ δόσις ἔσσεται ἐσθλή·\nὅσσοι γὰρ νήεσσιν ἐπικρατέουσιν ἄριστοι\nτῶν πάντων οἱ ἕκαστος ὄϊν δώσουσι μέλαιναν\nθῆλυν ὑπόρρηνον· τῇ μὲν κτέρας οὐδὲν ὁμοῖον,\nαἰεὶ δʼ ἐν δαίτῃσι καὶ εἰλαπίνῃσι παρέσται.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nΝέστορ ἔμʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων δῦναι στρατὸν ἐγγὺς ἐόντων\nΤρώων· ἀλλʼ εἴ τίς μοι ἀνὴρ ἅμʼ ἕποιτο καὶ ἄλλος\nμᾶλλον θαλπωρὴ καὶ θαρσαλεώτερον ἔσται.\nσύν τε δύʼ ἐρχομένω καί τε πρὸ ὃ τοῦ ἐνόησεν\nὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ· μοῦνος δʼ εἴ πέρ τε νοήσῃ\nἀλλά τέ οἱ βράσσων τε νόος, λεπτὴ δέ τε μῆτις.", "en": "If he could learn all this and come back safely here, his fame would be high as heaven in the mouths of all men, and he would be rewarded richly; for the chiefs from all our ships would each of them give him a black ewe with her lamb, which is a present of surpassing value, and he would be asked as a guest to all feasts and clan-gatherings.”\nThey all held their peace, but Diomed of the loud war-cry spoke saying, “Nestor, gladly will I visit the host of the Trojans over against us, but if another will go with me I shall do so in greater confidence and comfort. When two men are together, one of them may see some opportunity which the other has not caught sight of; if a man is alone he is less full of resource, and his wit is weaker.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.227–239", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἔθελον Διομήδεϊ πολλοὶ ἕπεσθαι.\nἠθελέτην Αἴαντε δύω θεράποντες Ἄρηος,\nἤθελε Μηριόνης, μάλα δʼ ἤθελε Νέστορος υἱός,\nἤθελε δʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Μενέλαος,\nἤθελε δʼ ὁ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς καταδῦναι ὅμιλον\nΤρώων· αἰεὶ γάρ οἱ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἐτόλμα.\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nΤυδεΐδη Διόμηδες ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ\nτὸν μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γʼ αἱρήσεαι ὅν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα,\nφαινομένων τὸν ἄριστον, ἐπεὶ μεμάασί γε πολλοί.\nμηδὲ σύ γʼ αἰδόμενος σῇσι φρεσὶ τὸν μὲν ἀρείω\nκαλλείπειν, σὺ δὲ χείρονʼ ὀπάσσεαι αἰδοῖ εἴκων\nἐς γενεὴν ὁρόων, μηδʼ εἰ βασιλεύτερός ἐστιν.", "en": "On this several offered to go with Diomed. The two Ajaxes, servants of Mars, Meriones, and the son of Nestor all wanted to go, so did Menelaus son of Atreus; Ulysses also wished to go among the host of the Trojans, for he was ever full of daring, and thereon Agamemnon king of men spoke thus: “Diomed,” said he, “son of Tydeus, man after my own heart, choose your comrade for yourself, take the best man of those that have offered, for many would now go with you. Do not through delicacy reject the better man, and take the worst out of respect for his lineage, because he is of more royal blood.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.240–253", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δὲ περὶ ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ.\nτοῖς δʼ αὖτις μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nεἰ μὲν δὴ ἕταρόν γε κελεύετέ μʼ αὐτὸν ἑλέσθαι,\nπῶς ἂν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆος ἐγὼ θείοιο λαθοίμην,\nοὗ πέρι μὲν πρόφρων κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι, φιλεῖ δέ ἑ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.\nτούτου γʼ ἑσπομένοιο καὶ ἐκ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο\nἄμφω νοστήσαιμεν, ἐπεὶ περίοιδε νοῆσαι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·\nΤυδεΐδη μήτʼ ἄρ με μάλʼ αἴνεε μήτέ τι νείκει·\nεἰδόσι γάρ τοι ταῦτα μετʼ Ἀργείοις ἀγορεύεις.\nἀλλʼ ἴομεν· μάλα γὰρ νὺξ ἄνεται, ἐγγύθι δʼ ἠώς,\nἄστρα δὲ δὴ προβέβηκε, παροίχωκεν δὲ πλέων νὺξ\nτῶν δύο μοιράων, τριτάτη δʼ ἔτι μοῖρα λέλειπται.", "en": "He said this because he feared for Menelaus. Diomed answered, “If you bid me take the man of my own choice, how in that case can I fail to think of Ulysses, than whom there is no man more eager to face all kinds of danger, and Pallas Minerva loves him well? If he were to go with me we should pass safely through fire itself, for he is quick to see and understand.”\n“Son of Tydeus,” replied Ulysses, “say neither good nor ill about me, for you are among Argives who know me well. Let us be going, for the night wanes and dawn is at hand. The stars have gone forward, two-thirds of the night are already spent, and the third is alone left us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.254–271", "orig": "ὣς εἰπόνθʼ ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην.\nΤυδεΐδῃ μὲν δῶκε μενεπτόλεμος Θρασυμήδης\nφάσγανον ἄμφηκες· τὸ δʼ ἑὸν παρὰ νηῒ λέλειπτο·\nκαὶ σάκος· ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἔθηκε\nταυρείην, ἄφαλόν τε καὶ ἄλλοφον, ἥ τε καταῖτυξ\nκέκληται, ῥύεται δὲ κάρη θαλερῶν αἰζηῶν.\nΜηριόνης δʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ δίδου βιὸν ἠδὲ φαρέτρην\nκαὶ ξίφος, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἔθηκε\nῥινοῦ ποιητήν· πολέσιν δʼ ἔντοσθεν ἱμᾶσιν\nἐντέτατο στερεῶς· ἔκτοσθε δὲ λευκοὶ ὀδόντες\nἀργιόδοντος ὑὸς θαμέες ἔχον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα\nεὖ καὶ ἐπισταμένως· μέσσῃ δʼ ἐνὶ πῖλος ἀρήρει.\nτήν ῥά ποτʼ ἐξ Ἐλεῶνος Ἀμύντορος Ὀρμενίδαο\nἐξέλετʼ Αὐτόλυκος πυκινὸν δόμον ἀντιτορήσας,\nΣκάνδειαν δʼ ἄρα δῶκε Κυθηρίῳ Ἀμφιδάμαντι·\nἈμφιδάμας δὲ Μόλῳ δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Μηριόνῃ δῶκεν ᾧ παιδὶ φορῆναι·\nδὴ τότʼ Ὀδυσσῆος πύκασεν κάρη ἀμφιτεθεῖσα.", "en": "They then put on their armour. Brave Thrasymedes provided the son of Tydeus with a sword and a shield (for he had left his own at his ship) and on his head he set a helmet of bull’s hide without either peak or crest; it is called a skull-cap and is a common headgear. Meriones found a bow and quiver for Ulysses, and on his head he set a leathern helmet that was lined with a strong plaiting of leathern thongs, while on the outside it was thickly studded with boar’s teeth, well and skilfully set into it; next the head there was an inner lining of felt. This helmet had been stolen by Autolycus out of Eleon when he broke into the house of Amyntor son of Ormenus. He gave it to Amphidamas of Cythera to take to Scandea, and Amphidamas gave it as a guest-gift to Molus, who gave it to his son Meriones; and now it was set upon the head of Ulysses." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.272–282", "orig": "τὼ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην,\nβάν ῥʼ ἰέναι, λιπέτην δὲ κατʼ αὐτόθι πάντας ἀρίστους.\nτοῖσι δὲ δεξιὸν ἧκεν ἐρῳδιὸν ἐγγὺς ὁδοῖο\nΠαλλὰς Ἀθηναίη· τοὶ δʼ οὐκ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι\nνύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ἀλλὰ κλάγξαντος ἄκουσαν.\nχαῖρε δὲ τῷ ὄρνιθʼ Ὀδυσεύς, ἠρᾶτο δʼ Ἀθήνῃ·\nκλῦθί μευ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος, ἥ τέ μοι αἰεὶ\nἐν πάντεσσι πόνοισι παρίστασαι, οὐδέ σε λήθω\nκινύμενος· νῦν αὖτε μάλιστά με φῖλαι Ἀθήνη,\nδὸς δὲ πάλιν ἐπὶ νῆας ἐϋκλεῖας ἀφικέσθαι\nῥέξαντας μέγα ἔργον, ὅ κε Τρώεσσι μελήσῃ.", "en": "When the pair had armed, they set out, and left the other chieftains behind them. Pallas Minerva sent them a heron by the wayside upon their right hands; they could not see it for the darkness, but they heard its cry. Ulysses was glad when he heard it and prayed to Minerva: “Hear me,” he cried, “daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, you who spy out all my ways and who are with me in all my hardships; befriend me in this mine hour, and grant that we may return to the ships covered with glory after having achieved some mighty exploit that shall bring sorrow to the Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.283–298", "orig": "δεύτερος αὖτʼ ἠρᾶτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nκέκλυθι νῦν καὶ ἐμεῖο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη·\nσπεῖό μοι ὡς ὅτε πατρὶ ἅμʼ ἕσπεο Τυδέϊ δίῳ\nἐς Θήβας, ὅτε τε πρὸ Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ᾔει.\nτοὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀσωπῷ λίπε χαλκοχίτωνας Ἀχαιούς,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μειλίχιον μῦθον φέρε Καδμείοισι\nκεῖσʼ· ἀτὰρ ἂψ ἀπιὼν μάλα μέρμερα μήσατο ἔργα\nσὺν σοὶ δῖα θεά, ὅτε οἱ πρόφρασσα παρέστης.\nὣς νῦν μοι ἐθέλουσα παρίσταο καί με φύλασσε.\nσοὶ δʼ αὖ ἐγὼ ῥέξω βοῦν ἦνιν εὐρυμέτωπον\nἀδμήτην, ἣν οὔ πω ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ἀνήρ·\nτήν τοι ἐγὼ ῥέξω χρυσὸν κέρασιν περιχεύας.\nὣς ἔφαν εὐχόμενοι, τῶν δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἠρήσαντο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο,\nβάν ῥʼ ἴμεν ὥς τε λέοντε δύω διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν\nἂμ φόνον, ἂν νέκυας, διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα.", "en": "Then Diomed of the loud war-cry also prayed: “Hear me too,” said he, “daughter of Jove, unweariable; be with me even as you were with my noble father Tydeus when he went to Thebes as envoy sent by the Achaeans. He left the Achaeans by the banks of the river Aesopus, and went to the city bearing a message of peace to the Cadmeians; on his return thence, with your help, goddess, he did great deeds of daring, for you were his ready helper. Even so guide me and guard me now, and in return I will offer you in sacrifice a broad-browed heifer of a year old, unbroken, and never yet brought by man under the yoke. I will gild her horns and will offer her up to you in sacrifice.”\nThus they prayed, and Pallas Minerva heard their prayer. When they had done praying to the daughter of great Jove, they went their way like two lions prowling by night amid the armour and blood-stained bodies of them that had fallen." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.299–312", "orig": "οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ Τρῶας ἀγήνορας εἴασεν Ἕκτωρ\nεὕδειν, ἀλλʼ ἄμυδις κικλήσκετο πάντας ἀρίστους,\nὅσσοι ἔσαν Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες·\nτοὺς ὅ γε συγκαλέσας πυκινὴν ἀρτύνετο βουλήν·\nτίς κέν μοι τόδε ἔργον ὑποσχόμενος τελέσειε\nδώρῳ ἔπι μεγάλῳ; μισθὸς δέ οἱ ἄρκιος ἔσται.\nδώσω γὰρ δίφρόν τε δύω τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους\nοἵ κεν ἄριστοι ἔωσι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν\nὅς τίς κε τλαίη, οἷ τʼ αὐτῷ κῦδος ἄροιτο,\nνηῶν ὠκυπόρων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι\nἠέ φυλάσσονται νῆες θοαὶ ὡς τὸ πάρος περ,\nἦ ἤδη χείρεσσιν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσι δαμέντες\nφύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι\nνύκτα φυλασσέμεναι, καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες αἰνῷ.", "en": "Neither again did Hector let the Trojans sleep; for he too called the princes and councillors of the Trojans that he might set his counsel before them. “Is there one,” said he, “who for a great reward will do me the service of which I will tell you? He shall be well paid if he will. I will give him a chariot and a couple of horses, the fleetest that can be found at the ships of the Achaeans, if he will dare this thing; and he will win infinite honour to boot; he must go to the ships and find out whether they are still guarded as heretofore, or whether now that we have beaten them the Achaeans design to fly, and through sheer exhaustion are neglecting to keep their watches.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.313–331", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.\nἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱὸς\nκήρυκος θείοιο πολύχρυσος πολύχαλκος,\nὃς δή τοι εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός, ἀλλὰ ποδώκης·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μοῦνος ἔην μετὰ πέντε κασιγνήτῃσιν.\nὅς ῥα τότε Τρωσίν τε καὶ Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἝκτορ ἔμʼ ὀτρύνει κραδίη καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nνηῶν ὠκυπόρων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τὸ σκῆπτρον ἀνάσχεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον\nἦ μὲν τοὺς ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ\nδωσέμεν, οἳ φορέουσιν ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα,\nσοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ οὐχ ἅλιος σκοπὸς ἔσσομαι οὐδʼ ἀπὸ δόξης·\nτόφρα γὰρ ἐς στρατὸν εἶμι διαμπερὲς ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκωμαι\nνῆʼ Ἀγαμεμνονέην, ὅθι που μέλλουσιν ἄριστοι\nβουλὰς βουλεύειν ἢ φευγέμεν ἠὲ μάχεσθαι.\nὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐν χερσὶ σκῆπτρον λάβε καί οἱ ὄμοσσεν·\nἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης\nμὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος\nΤρώων, ἀλλά σέ φημι διαμπερὲς ἀγλαϊεῖσθαι.", "en": "They all held their peace; but there was among the Trojans a certain man named Dolon, son of Eumedes, the famous herald, a man rich in gold and bronze. He was ill-favoured, but a good runner, and was an only son among five sisters. He it was that now addressed the Trojans. “I, Hector,” said he, “Will to the ships and will exploit them. But first hold up your sceptre and swear that you will give me the chariot, bedight with bronze, and the horses that now carry the noble son of Peleus. I will make you a good scout, and will not fail you. I will go through the host from one end to the other till I come to the ship of Agamemnon, where I take it the princes of the Achaeans are now consulting whether they shall fight or fly.”\nWhen he had done speaking Hector held up his sceptre, and swore him his oath saying, “May Jove the thundering husband of Juno bear witness that no other Trojan but yourself shall mount those steeds, and that you shall have your will with them for ever.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.332–348", "orig": "ὣς φάτο καί ῥʼ ἐπίορκον ἐπώμοσε, τὸν δʼ ὀρόθυνεν·\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἐβάλλετο καμπύλα τόξα,\nἕσσατο δʼ ἔκτοσθεν ῥινὸν πολιοῖο λύκοιο,\nκρατὶ δʼ ἐπὶ κτιδέην κυνέην, ἕλε δʼ ὀξὺν ἄκοντα,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι προτὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατοῦ· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλεν\nἐλθὼν ἐκ νηῶν ἂψ Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἀποίσειν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν κάλλιφʼ ὅμιλον,\nβῆ ῥʼ ἀνʼ ὁδὸν μεμαώς· τὸν δὲ φράσατο προσιόντα\nδιογενὴς Ὀδυσεύς, Διομήδεα δὲ προσέειπεν·\nοὗτός τις Διόμηδες ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεται ἀνήρ,\nοὐκ οἶδʼ ἢ νήεσσιν ἐπίσκοπος ἡμετέρῃσιν,\nἦ τινα συλήσων νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων.\nἀλλʼ ἐῶμέν μιν πρῶτα παρεξελθεῖν πεδίοιο\nτυτθόν· ἔπειτα δέ κʼ αὐτὸν ἐπαΐξαντες ἕλοιμεν\nκαρπαλίμως· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε παραφθαίησι πόδεσσιν,\nαἰεί μιν ἐπὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατόφι προτιειλεῖν\nἔγχει ἐπαΐσσων, μή πως προτὶ ἄστυ ἀλύξῃ.", "en": "The oath he swore was bootless, but it made Dolon more keen on going. He hung his bow over his shoulder, and as an overall he wore the skin of a grey wolf, while on his head he set a cap of ferret skin. Then he took a pointed javelin, and left the camp for the ships, but he was not to return with any news for Hector. When he had left the horses and the troops behind him, he made all speed on his way, but Ulysses perceived his coming and said to Diomed, “Diomed, here is some one from the camp; I am not sure whether he is a spy, or whether it is some thief who would plunder the bodies of the dead; let him get a little past us, we can then spring upon him and take him. If, however, he is too quick for us, go after him with your spear and hem him in towards the ships away from the Trojan camp, to prevent his getting back to the town.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.349–364", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντε παρὲξ ὁδοῦ ἐν νεκύεσσι\nκλινθήτην· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ὦκα παρέδραμεν ἀφραδίῃσιν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἀπέην ὅσσόν τʼ ἐπὶ οὖρα πέλονται\nἡμιόνων· αἱ γάρ τε βοῶν προφερέστεραί εἰσιν\nἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο βαθείης πηκτὸν ἄροτρον·\nτὼ μὲν ἐπεδραμέτην, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔστη δοῦπον ἀκούσας.\nἔλπετο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀποστρέψοντας ἑταίρους\nἐκ Τρώων ἰέναι πάλιν Ἕκτορος ὀτρύναντος.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄπεσαν δουρηνεκὲς ἢ καὶ ἔλασσον,\nγνῶ ῥʼ ἄνδρας δηΐους, λαιψηρὰ δὲ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα\nφευγέμεναι· τοὶ δʼ αἶψα διώκειν ὁρμήθησαν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε καρχαρόδοντε δύω κύνε εἰδότε θήρης\nἢ κεμάδʼ ἠὲ λαγωὸν ἐπείγετον ἐμμενὲς αἰεὶ\nχῶρον ἀνʼ ὑλήενθʼ, ὃ δέ τε προθέῃσι μεμηκώς,\nὣς τὸν Τυδεΐδης ἠδʼ ὃ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nλαοῦ ἀποτμήξαντε διώκετον ἐμμενὲς αἰεί.", "en": "With this they turned out of their way and lay down among the corpses. Dolon suspected nothing and soon passed them, but when he had got about as far as the distance by which a mule-plowed furrow exceeds one that has been ploughed by oxen (for mules can plow fallow land quicker than oxen) they ran after him, and when he heard their footsteps he stood still, for he made sure they were friends from the Trojan camp come by Hector’s orders to bid him return; when, however, they were only a spear’s cast, or less, away from him, he saw that they were enemies and ran as fast as his legs could take him. The others gave chase at once, and as a couple of well-trained hounds press forward after a doe or hare that runs screaming in front of them, even so did the son of Tydeus and Ulysses pursue Dolon and cut him off from his own people." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.365–381", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλε μιγήσεσθαι φυλάκεσσι\nφεύγων ἐς νῆας, τότε δὴ μένος ἔμβαλʼ Ἀθήνη\nΤυδεΐδῃ, ἵνα μή τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nφθαίη ἐπευξάμενος βαλέειν, ὃ δὲ δεύτερος ἔλθοι.\nδουρὶ δʼ ἐπαΐσσων προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nἠὲ μένʼ ἠέ σε δουρὶ κιχήσομαι, οὐδέ σέ φημι\nδηρὸν ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀλύξειν αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.\nἦ ῥα καὶ ἔγχος ἀφῆκεν, ἑκὼν δʼ ἡμάρτανε φωτός·\nδεξιτερὸν δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἐΰξου δουρὸς ἀκωκὴ\nἐν γαίῃ ἐπάγη· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔστη τάρβησέν τε\nβαμβαίνων· ἄραβος δὲ διὰ στόμα γίγνετʼ ὀδόντων·\nχλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους· τὼ δʼ ἀσθμαίνοντε κιχήτην,\nχειρῶν δʼ ἁψάσθην· ὃ δὲ δακρύσας ἔπος ηὔδα·\nζωγρεῖτʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐμὲ λύσομαι· ἔστι γὰρ ἔνδον\nχαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος,\nτῶν κʼ ὔμμιν χαρίσαιτο πατὴρ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα\nεἴ κεν ἐμὲ ζωὸν πεπύθοιτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "But when he had fled so far towards the ships that he would soon have fallen in with the outposts, Minerva infused fresh strength into the son of Tydeus for fear some other of the Achaeans might have the glory of being first to hit him, and he might himself be only second; he therefore sprang forward with his spear and said, “Stand, or I shall throw my spear, and in that case I shall soon make an end of you.”\nHe threw as he spoke, but missed his aim on purpose. The dart flew over the man’s right shoulder, and then stuck in the ground. He stood stock still, trembling and in great fear; his teeth chattered, and he turned pale with fear. The two came breathless up to him and seized his hands, whereon he began to weep and said, “Take me alive; I will ransom myself; we have great store of gold, bronze, and wrought iron, and from this my father will satisfy you with a very large ransom, should he hear of my being alive at the ships of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.382–399", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nθάρσει, μηδέ τί τοι θάνατος καταθύμιος ἔστω.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·\nπῇ δὴ οὕτως ἐπὶ νῆας ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεαι οἶος\nνύκτα διʼ ὀρφναίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι;\nἤ τινα συλήσων νεκύων κατατεθνηώτων;\nἦ σʼ Ἕκτωρ προέηκε διασκοπιᾶσθαι ἕκαστα\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς; ἦ σʼ αὐτὸν θυμὸς ἀνῆκε;\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Δόλων, ὑπὸ δʼ ἔτρεμε γυῖα·\nπολλῇσίν μʼ ἄτῃσι παρὲκ νόον ἤγαγεν Ἕκτωρ,\nὅς μοι Πηλεΐωνος ἀγαυοῦ μώνυχας ἵππους\nδωσέμεναι κατένευσε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλα χαλκῷ,\nἠνώγει δέ μʼ ἰόντα θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν\nἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔκ τε πυθέσθαι\nἠὲ φυλάσσονται νῆες θοαὶ ὡς τὸ πάρος περ,\nἦ ἤδη χείρεσσιν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσι δαμέντες\nφύξιν βουλεύουσι μετὰ σφίσιν, οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι\nνύκτα φυλασσέμεναι, καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες αἰνῷ.", "en": "“Fear not,” replied Ulysses, “let no thought of death be in your mind; but tell me, and tell me true, why are you thus going about alone in the dead of night away from your camp and towards the ships, while other men are sleeping? Is it to plunder the bodies of the slain, or did Hector send you to spy out what was going on at the ships? Or did you come here of your own mere notion?”\nDolon answered, his limbs trembling beneath him: “Hector, with his vain flattering promises, lured me from my better judgement. He said he would give me the horses of the noble son of Peleus and his bronze-bedizened chariot; he bade me go through the darkness of the flying night, get close to the enemy, and find out whether the ships are still guarded as heretofore, or whether, now that we have beaten them, the Achaeans design to fly, and through sheer exhaustion are neglecting to keep their watches.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.400–411", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἐπιμειδήσας προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nἦ ῥά νύ τοι μεγάλων δώρων ἐπεμαίετο θυμὸς\nἵππων Αἰακίδαο δαΐφρονος· οἳ δʼ ἀλεγεινοὶ\nἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι δαμήμεναι ἠδʼ ὀχέεσθαι\nἄλλῳ γʼ ἢ Ἀχιλῆϊ, τὸν ἀθανάτη τέκε μήτηρ.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον·\nποῦ νῦν δεῦρο κιὼν λίπες Ἕκτορα ποιμένα λαῶν;\nποῦ δέ οἱ ἔντεα κεῖται ἀρήϊα, ποῦ δέ οἱ ἵπποι;\nπῶς δαὶ τῶν ἄλλων Τρώων φυλακαί τε καὶ εὐναί;\nἅσσά τε μητιόωσι μετὰ σφίσιν, ἢ μεμάασιν\nαὖθι μένειν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀπόπροθεν, ἦε πόλιν δὲ\nἂψ ἀναχωρήσουσιν, ἐπεὶ δαμάσαντό γʼ Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "Ulysses smiled at him and answered, “You had indeed set your heart upon a great reward, but the horses of the descendant of Aeacus are hardly to be kept in hand or driven by any other mortal man than Achilles himself, whose mother was an immortal. But tell me, and tell me true, where did you leave Hector when you started? Where lies his armour and his horses? How, too, are the watches and sleeping-ground of the Trojans ordered? What are their plans? Will they stay here by the ships and away from the city, or now that they have worsted the Achaeans, will they retire within their walls?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.412–425", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱός·\nτοὶ γὰρ ἐγώ τοι ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω.\nἝκτωρ μὲν μετὰ τοῖσιν, ὅσοι βουληφόροι εἰσί,\nβουλὰς βουλεύει θείου παρὰ σήματι Ἴλου\nνόσφιν ἀπὸ φλοίσβου· φυλακὰς δʼ ἃς εἴρεαι ἥρως\nοὔ τις κεκριμένη ῥύεται στρατὸν οὐδὲ φυλάσσει.\nὅσσαι μὲν Τρώων πυρὸς ἐσχάραι, οἷσιν ἀνάγκη\nοἷ δʼ ἐγρηγόρθασι φυλασσέμεναί τε κέλονται\nἀλλήλοις· ἀτὰρ αὖτε πολύκλητοι ἐπίκουροι\nεὕδουσι· Τρωσὶν γὰρ ἐπιτραπέουσι φυλάσσειν·\nοὐ γάρ σφιν παῖδες σχεδὸν εἵαται οὐδὲ γυναῖκες.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nπῶς γὰρ νῦν Τρώεσσι μεμιγμένοι ἱπποδάμοισιν\nεὕδουσʼ ἦ ἀπάνευθε; δίειπέ μοι ὄφρα δαείω.", "en": "And Dolon answered, “I will tell you truly all. Hector and the other councillors are now holding conference by the monument of great Ilus, away from the general tumult; as for the guards about which you ask me, there is no chosen watch to keep guard over the host. The Trojans have their watchfires, for they are bound to have them; they, therefore, are awake and keep each other to their duty as sentinels; but the allies who have come from other places are asleep and leave it to the Trojans to keep guard, for their wives and children are not here.”\nUlysses then said, “Now tell me; are they sleeping among the Trojan troops, or do they lie apart? Explain this that I may understand it.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.426–446", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Δόλων Εὐμήδεος υἱός·\nτοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ταῦτα μάλʼ ἀτρεκέως καταλέξω.\nπρὸς μὲν ἁλὸς Κᾶρες καὶ Παίονες ἀγκυλότοξοι\nκαὶ Λέλεγες καὶ Καύκωνες δῖοί τε Πελασγοί,\nπρὸς Θύμβρης δʼ ἔλαχον Λύκιοι Μυσοί τʼ ἀγέρωχοι\nκαὶ Φρύγες ἱππόμαχοι καὶ Μῄονες ἱπποκορυσταί.\nἀλλὰ τί ἢ ἐμὲ ταῦτα διεξερέεσθε ἕκαστα;\nεἰ γὰρ δὴ μέματον Τρώων καταδῦναι ὅμιλον\nΘρήϊκες οἷδʼ ἀπάνευθε νεήλυδες ἔσχατοι ἄλλων·\nἐν δέ σφιν Ῥῆσος βασιλεὺς πάϊς Ἠϊονῆος.\nτοῦ δὴ καλλίστους ἵππους ἴδον ἠδὲ μεγίστους·\nλευκότεροι χιόνος, θείειν δʼ ἀνέμοισιν ὁμοῖοι·\nἅρμα δέ οἱ χρυσῷ τε καὶ ἀργύρῳ εὖ ἤσκηται·\nτεύχεα δὲ χρύσεια πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι\nἤλυθʼ ἔχων· τὰ μὲν οὔ τι καταθνητοῖσιν ἔοικεν\nἄνδρεσσιν φορέειν, ἀλλʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν.\nἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν νῦν νηυσὶ πελάσσετον ὠκυπόροισιν,\nἠέ με δήσαντες λίπετʼ αὐτόθι νηλέϊ δεσμῷ,\nὄφρά κεν ἔλθητον καὶ πειρηθῆτον ἐμεῖο\nἠὲ κατʼ αἶσαν ἔειπον ἐν ὑμῖν, ἦε καὶ οὐκί.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·", "en": "“I will tell you truly all,” replied Dolon. “To the seaward lie the Carians, the Paeonian bowmen, the Leleges, the Cauconians, and the noble Pelasgi. The Lycians and proud Mysians, with the Phrygians and Meonians, have their place on the side towards Thymbra; but why ask about all this? If you want to find your way into the host of the Trojans, there are the Thracians, who have lately come here and lie apart from the others at the far end of the camp; and they have Rhesus son of Eioneus for their king. His horses are the finest and strongest that I have ever seen, they are whiter than snow and fleeter than any wind that blows. His chariot is bedight with silver and gold, and he has brought his marvellous golden armour, of the rarest workmanship, too splendid for any mortal man to carry, and meet only for the gods. Now, therefore, take me to the ships or bind me securely here, until you come back and have proved my words whether they be false or true.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.447–464", "orig": "μὴ δή μοι φύξίν γε Δόλων ἐμβάλλεο θυμῷ·\nἐσθλά περ ἀγγείλας, ἐπεὶ ἵκεο χεῖρας ἐς ἁμάς.\nεἰ μὲν γάρ κέ σε νῦν ἀπολύσομεν ἠὲ μεθῶμεν,\nἦ τε καὶ ὕστερον εἶσθα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nἠὲ διοπτεύσων ἢ ἐναντίβιον πολεμίξων·\nεἰ δέ κʼ ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δαμεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃς,\nοὐκέτʼ ἔπειτα σὺ πῆμά ποτʼ ἔσσεαι Ἀργείοισιν.\nἦ, καὶ ὃ μέν μιν ἔμελλε γενείου χειρὶ παχείῃ\nἁψάμενος λίσσεσθαι, ὃ δʼ αὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσε\nφασγάνῳ ἀΐξας, ἀπὸ δʼ ἄμφω κέρσε τένοντε·\nφθεγγομένου δʼ ἄρα τοῦ γε κάρη κονίῃσιν ἐμίχθη.\nτοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κτιδέην κυνέην κεφαλῆφιν ἕλοντο\nκαὶ λυκέην καὶ τόξα παλίντονα καὶ δόρυ μακρόν·\nκαὶ τά γʼ Ἀθηναίῃ ληΐτιδι δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nὑψόσʼ ἀνέσχεθε χειρὶ καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·\nχαῖρε θεὰ τοῖσδεσσι· σὲ γὰρ πρώτην ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ\nπάντων ἀθανάτων ἐπιδωσόμεθʼ· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὖτις\nπέμψον ἐπὶ Θρῃκῶν ἀνδρῶν ἵππους τε καὶ εὐνάς.", "en": "Diomed looked sternly at him and answered, “Think not, Dolon, for all the good information you have given us, that you shall escape now you are in our hands, for if we ransom you or let you go, you will come some second time to the ships of the Achaeans either as a spy or as an open enemy, but if I kill you and an end of you, you will give no more trouble.”\nOn this Dolon would have caught him by the beard to beseech him further, but Diomed struck him in the middle of his neck with his sword and cut through both sinews so that his head fell rolling in the dust while he was yet speaking. They took the ferret skin cap from his head, and also the wolf-skin, the bow, and his long spear. Ulysses hung them up aloft in honour of Minerva the goddess of plunder, and prayed saying, “Accept these, goddess, for we give them to you in preference to all the gods in Olympus: therefore speed us still further towards the horses and sleeping-ground of the Thracians.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.465–481", "orig": "ὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, καὶ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας\nθῆκεν ἀνὰ μυρίκην· δέελον δʼ ἐπὶ σῆμά τʼ ἔθηκε\nσυμμάρψας δόνακας μυρίκης τʼ ἐριθηλέας ὄζους,\nμὴ λάθοι αὖτις ἰόντε θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν.\nτὼ δὲ βάτην προτέρω διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα,\nαἶψα δʼ ἐπὶ Θρῃκῶν ἀνδρῶν τέλος ἷξον ἰόντες.\nοἳ δʼ εὗδον καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες, ἔντεα δέ σφιν\nκαλὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖσι χθονὶ κέκλιτο εὖ κατὰ κόσμον\nτριστοιχί· παρὰ δέ σφιν ἑκάστῳ δίζυγες ἵπποι.\nῬῆσος δʼ ἐν μέσῳ εὗδε, παρʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ὠκέες ἵπποι\nἐξ ἐπιδιφριάδος πυμάτης ἱμᾶσι δέδεντο.\nτὸν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς προπάροιθεν ἰδὼν Διομήδεϊ δεῖξεν·\nοὗτός τοι Διόμηδες ἀνήρ, οὗτοι δέ τοι ἵπποι,\nοὓς νῶϊν πίφαυσκε Δόλων ὃν ἐπέφνομεν ἡμεῖς.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ πρόφερε κρατερὸν μένος· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ\nἑστάμεναι μέλεον σὺν τεύχεσιν, ἀλλὰ λύʼ ἵππους·\nἠὲ σύ γʼ ἄνδρας ἔναιρε, μελήσουσιν δʼ ἐμοὶ ἵπποι.", "en": "With these words he took the spoils and set them upon a tamarisk tree, and they marked the place by pulling up reeds and gathering boughs of tamarisk that they might not miss it as they came back through the flying hours of darkness. The two then went onwards amid the fallen armour and the blood, and came presently to the company of Thracian soldiers, who were sleeping, tired out with their day’s toil; their goodly armour was lying on the ground beside them all orderly in three rows, and each man had his yoke of horses beside him. Rhesus was sleeping in the middle, and hard by him his horses were made fast to the topmost rim of his chariot. Ulysses from some way off saw him and said, “This, Diomed, is the man, and these are the horses about which Dolon whom we killed told us. Do your very utmost; dally not about your armour, but loose the horses at once, or else kill the men yourself, while I see to the horses.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.482–497", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἔμπνευσε μένος γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,\nκτεῖνε δʼ ἐπιστροφάδην· τῶν δὲ στόνος ὄρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς\nἄορι θεινομένων, ἐρυθαίνετο δʼ αἵματι γαῖα.\nὡς δὲ λέων μήλοισιν ἀσημάντοισιν ἐπελθὼν\nαἴγεσιν ἢ ὀΐεσσι κακὰ φρονέων ἐνορούσῃ,\nὣς μὲν Θρήϊκας ἄνδρας ἐπῴχετο Τυδέος υἱὸς\nὄφρα δυώδεκʼ ἔπεφνεν· ἀτὰρ πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεὺς\nὅν τινα Τυδεΐδης ἄορι πλήξειε παραστὰς\nτὸν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μετόπισθε λαβὼν ποδὸς ἐξερύσασκε,\nτὰ φρονέων κατὰ θυμὸν ὅπως καλλίτριχες ἵπποι\nῥεῖα διέλθοιεν μηδὲ τρομεοίατο θυμῷ\nνεκροῖς ἀμβαίνοντες· ἀήθεσσον γὰρ ἔτʼ αὐτῶν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ βασιλῆα κιχήσατο Τυδέος υἱός,\nτὸν τρισκαιδέκατον μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα\nἀσθμαίνοντα· κακὸν γὰρ ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη\nτὴν νύκτʼ Οἰνεΐδαο πάϊς διὰ μῆτιν Ἀθήνης.", "en": "Thereon Minerva put courage into the heart of Diomed, and he smote them right and left. They made a hideous groaning as they were being hacked about, and the earth was red with their blood. As a lion springs furiously upon a flock of sheep or goats when he finds them without their shepherd, so did the son of Tydeus set upon the Thracian soldiers till he had killed twelve. As he killed them Ulysses came and drew them aside by their feet one by one, that the horses might go forward freely without being frightened as they passed over the dead bodies, for they were not yet used to them. When the son of Tydeus came to the king, he killed him too (which made thirteen), as he was breathing hard, for by the counsel of Minerva an evil dream, the seed of Oeneus, hovered that night over his head." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.498–511", "orig": "τόφρα δʼ ἄρʼ ὃ τλήμων Ὀδυσεὺς λύε μώνυχας ἵππους,\nσὺν δʼ ἤειρεν ἱμᾶσι καὶ ἐξήλαυνεν ὁμίλου\nτόξῳ ἐπιπλήσσων, ἐπεὶ οὐ μάστιγα φαεινὴν\nποικίλου ἐκ δίφροιο νοήσατο χερσὶν ἑλέσθαι·\nῥοίζησεν δʼ ἄρα πιφαύσκων Διομήδεϊ δίῳ.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μερμήριζε μένων ὅ τι κύντατον ἕρδοι,\nἢ ὅ γε δίφρον ἑλών, ὅθι ποικίλα τεύχεʼ ἔκειτο,\nῥυμοῦ ἐξερύοι ἢ ἐκφέροι ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας,\nἦ ἔτι τῶν πλεόνων Θρῃκῶν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.\nεἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα, τόφρα δʼ Ἀθήνη\nἐγγύθεν ἱσταμένη προσέφη Διομήδεα δῖον·\nνόστου δὴ μνῆσαι μεγαθύμου Τυδέος υἱὲ\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς,\nμή πού τις καὶ Τρῶας ἐγείρῃσιν θεὸς ἄλλος.", "en": "Meanwhile Ulysses untied the horses, made them fast one to another and drove them off, striking them with his bow, for he had forgotten to take the whip from the chariot. Then he whistled as a sign to Diomed.\nBut Diomed stayed where he was, thinking what other daring deed he might accomplish. He was doubting whether to take the chariot in which the king’s armour was lying, and draw it out by the pole, or to lift the armour out and carry it off; or whether again, he should not kill some more Thracians. While he was thus hesitating Minerva came up to him and said, “Get back, Diomed, to the ships or you may be driven thither, should some other god rouse the Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.512–525", "orig": "ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε θεᾶς ὄπα φωνησάσης,\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἵππων ἐπεβήσετο· κόψε δʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς\nτόξῳ· τοὶ δʼ ἐπέτοντο θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.\nοὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων\nὡς ἴδʼ Ἀθηναίην μετὰ Τυδέος υἱὸν ἕπουσαν·\nτῇ κοτέων Τρώων κατεδύσετο πουλὺν ὅμιλον,\nὦρσεν δὲ Θρῃκῶν βουληφόρον Ἱπποκόωντα\nῬήσου ἀνεψιὸν ἐσθλόν· ὃ δʼ ἐξ ὕπνου ἀνορούσας\nὡς ἴδε χῶρον ἐρῆμον, ὅθʼ ἕστασαν ὠκέες ἵπποι,\nἄνδράς τʼ ἀσπαίροντας ἐν ἀργαλέῃσι φονῇσιν,\nᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα φίλον τʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον.\nΤρώων δὲ κλαγγή τε καὶ ἄσπετος ὦρτο κυδοιμὸς\nθυνόντων ἄμυδις· θηεῦντο δὲ μέρμερα ἔργα\nὅσσʼ ἄνδρες ῥέξαντες ἔβαν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.", "en": "Diomed knew that it was the goddess, and at once sprang upon the horses. Ulysses beat them with his bow and they flew onward to the ships of the Achaeans.\nBut Apollo kept no blind look-out when he saw Minerva with the son of Tydeus. He was angry with her, and coming to the host of the Trojans he roused Hippocoon, a counsellor of the Thracians and a noble kinsman of Rhesus. He started up out of his sleep and saw that the horses were no longer in their place, and that the men were gasping in their death-agony; on this he groaned aloud, and called upon his friend by name. Then the whole Trojan camp was in an uproar as the people kept hurrying together, and they marvelled at the deeds of the heroes who had now got away towards the ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.526–543", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι σκοπὸν Ἕκτορος ἔκταν,\nἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς μὲν ἔρυξε Διῒ φίλος ὠκέας ἵππους,\nΤυδεΐδης δὲ χαμᾶζε θορὼν ἔναρα βροτόεντα\nἐν χείρεσσʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ τίθει, ἐπεβήσετο δʼ ἵππων·\nμάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τῇ γὰρ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ.\nΝέστωρ δὲ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε φώνησέν τε·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nψεύσομαι, ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; κέλεται δέ με θυμός.\nἵππων μʼ ὠκυπόδων ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει.\nαἲ γὰρ δὴ Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ ὃ κρατερὸς Διομήδης\nὧδʼ ἄφαρ ἐκ Τρώων ἐλασαίατο μώνυχας ἵππους·\nἀλλʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή τι πάθωσιν\nἈργείων οἳ ἄριστοι ὑπὸ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ.\nοὔ πω πᾶν εἴρητο ἔπος ὅτʼ ἄρʼ ἤλυθον αὐτοί.\nκαί ῥʼ οἳ μὲν κατέβησαν ἐπὶ χθόνα, τοὶ δὲ χαρέντες\nδεξιῇ ἠσπάζοντο ἔπεσσί τε μειλιχίοισι·\nπρῶτος δʼ ἐξερέεινε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·", "en": "When they reached the place where they had killed Hector’s scout, Ulysses stayed his horses, and the son of Tydeus, leaping to the ground, placed the blood-stained spoils in the hands of Ulysses and remounted: then he lashed the horses onwards, and they flew forward nothing loth towards the ships as though of their own free will. Nestor was first to hear the tramp of their feet. “My friends,” said he, “princes and counsellors of the Argives, shall I guess right or wrong? but I must say what I think: there is a sound in my ears as of the tramp of horses. I hope it may be Diomed and Ulysses driving in horses from the Trojans, but I much fear that the bravest of the Argives may have come to some harm at their hands.”\nHe had hardly done speaking when the two men came in and dismounted, whereon the others shook hands right gladly with them and congratulated them. Nestor knight of Gerene was first to question them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.544–563", "orig": "εἴπʼ ἄγε μʼ ὦ πολύαινʼ Ὀδυσεῦ μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν\nὅππως τοῦσδʼ ἵππους λάβετον καταδύντες ὅμιλον\nΤρώων, ἦ τίς σφωε πόρεν θεὸς ἀντιβολήσας.\nαἰνῶς ἀκτίνεσσιν ἐοικότες ἠελίοιο.\nαἰεὶ μὲν Τρώεσσʼ ἐπιμίσγομαι, οὐδέ τί φημι\nμιμνάζειν παρὰ νηυσὶ γέρων περ ἐὼν πολεμιστής·\nἀλλʼ οὔ πω τοίους ἵππους ἴδον οὐδὲ νόησα.\nἀλλά τινʼ ὔμμʼ ὀΐω δόμεναι θεὸν ἀντιάσαντα·\nἀμφοτέρω γὰρ σφῶϊ φιλεῖ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς\nκούρη τʼ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν\nῥεῖα θεός γʼ ἐθέλων καὶ ἀμείνονας ἠέ περ οἵδε\nἵππους δωρήσαιτʼ, ἐπεὶ ἢ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσιν.\nἵπποι δʼ οἵδε γεραιὲ νεήλυδες οὓς ἐρεείνεις\nΘρηΐκιοι· τὸν δέ σφιν ἄνακτʼ ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης\nἔκτανε, πὰρ δʼ ἑτάρους δυοκαίδεκα πάντας ἀρίστους.\nτὸν τρισκαιδέκατον σκοπὸν εἵλομεν ἐγγύθι νηῶν,\nτόν ῥα διοπτῆρα στρατοῦ ἔμμεναι ἡμετέροιο\nἝκτωρ τε προέηκε καὶ ἄλλοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοί.", "en": "“Tell me,” said he, “renowned Ulysses, how did you two come by these horses? Did you steal in among the Trojan forces, or did some god meet you and give them to you? They are like sunbeams. I am well conversant with the Trojans, for old warrior though I am I never hold back by the ships, but I never yet saw or heard of such horses as these are. Surely some god must have met you and given them to you, for you are both of you dear to Jove, and to Jove’s daughter Minerva.”\nAnd Ulysses answered, “Nestor son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean name, heaven, if it so will, can give us even better horses than these, for the gods are far mightier than we are. These horses, however, about which you ask me, are freshly come from Thrace. Diomed killed their king with the twelve bravest of his companions. Hard by the ships we took a thirteenth man, a scout whom Hector and the other Trojans had sent as a spy upon our ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 10.564–579", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν τάφροιο διήλασε μώνυχας ἵππους\nκαγχαλόων· ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι ἴσαν χαίροντες Ἀχαιοί.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε Τυδεΐδεω κλισίην εὔτυκτον ἵκοντο,\nἵππους μὲν κατέδησαν ἐϋτμήτοισιν ἱμᾶσι\nφάτνῃ ἐφʼ ἱππείῃ, ὅθι περ Διομήδεος ἵπποι\nἕστασαν ὠκύποδες μελιηδέα πυρὸν ἔδοντες·\nνηῒ δʼ ἐνὶ πρυμνῇ ἔναρα βροτόεντα Δόλωνος\nθῆκʼ Ὀδυσεύς, ὄφρʼ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατʼ Ἀθήνῃ.\nαὐτοὶ δʼ ἱδρῶ πολλὸν ἀπενίζοντο θαλάσσῃ\nἐσβάντες κνήμας τε ἰδὲ λόφον ἀμφί τε μηρούς.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί σφιν κῦμα θαλάσσης ἱδρῶ πολλὸν\nνίψεν ἀπὸ χρωτὸς καὶ ἀνέψυχθεν φίλον ἦτορ,\nἔς ῥʼ ἀσαμίνθους βάντες ἐϋξέστας λούσαντο.\nτὼ δὲ λοεσσαμένω καὶ ἀλειψαμένω λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ\nδείπνῳ ἐφιζανέτην, ἀπὸ δὲ κρητῆρος Ἀθήνῃ\nπλείου ἀφυσσόμενοι λεῖβον μελιηδέα οἶνον.", "en": "He laughed as he spoke and drove the horses over the ditch, while the other Achaeans followed him gladly. When they reached the strongly built quarters of the son of Tydeus, they tied the horses with thongs of leather to the manger, where the steeds of Diomed stood eating their sweet corn, but Ulysses hung the blood-stained spoils of Dolon at the stern of his ship, that they might prepare a sacred offering to Minerva. As for themselves, they went into the sea and washed the sweat from their bodies, and from their necks and thighs. When the sea-water had taken all the sweat from off them, and had refreshed them, they went into the baths and washed themselves. After they had so done and had anointed themselves with oil, they sat down to table, and drawing from a full mixing-bowl, made a drink-offering of wine to Minerva." } ], "11": [ { "ref": "Iliad 11.1–14", "orig": "Ἠὼς δʼ ἐκ λεχέων παρʼ ἀγαυοῦ Τιθωνοῖο\nὄρνυθʼ, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσι·\nΖεὺς δʼ Ἔριδα προΐαλλε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nἀργαλέην, πολέμοιο τέρας μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσαν.\nστῆ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆος μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ μελαίνῃ,\nἥ ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε γεγωνέμεν ἀμφοτέρωσε,\nἠμὲν ἐπʼ Αἴαντος κλισίας Τελαμωνιάδαο\nἠδʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, τοί ῥʼ ἔσχατα νῆας ἐΐσας\nεἴρυσαν ἠνορέῃ πίσυνοι καὶ κάρτεϊ χειρῶν\nἔνθα στᾶσʼ ἤϋσε θεὰ μέγα τε δεινόν τε\nὄρθιʼ, Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὲ μέγα σθένος ἔμβαλʼ ἑκάστῳ\nκαρδίῃ ἄληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.\nτοῖσι δʼ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετʼ ἠὲ νέεσθαι\nἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.", "en": "And now as Dawn rose from her couch beside Tithonus, harbinger of light alike to mortals and immortals, Jove sent fierce Discord with the ensign of war in her hands to the ships of the Achaeans. She took her stand by the huge black hull of Ulysses’ ship which was middlemost of all, so that her voice might carry farthest on either side, on the one hand towards the tents of Ajax son of Telamon, and on the other towards those of Achilles, for these two heroes, well assured of their own strength, had valorously drawn up their ships at the two ends of the line. There she took her stand, and raised a cry both loud and shrill that filled the Achaeans with courage, giving them heart to fight resolutely and with all their might, so that they had rather stay there and do battle than go home in their ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.15–28", "orig": "Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἐβόησεν ἰδὲ ζώννυσθαι ἄνωγεν\nἈργείους· ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐδύσετο νώροπα χαλκόν.\nκνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε\nκαλὰς ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας·\nδεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνε,\nτόν ποτέ οἱ Κινύρης δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι.\nπεύθετο γὰρ Κύπρον δὲ μέγα κλέος οὕνεκʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐς Τροίην νήεσσιν ἀναπλεύσεσθαι ἔμελλον·\nτοὔνεκά οἱ τὸν δῶκε χαριζόμενος βασιλῆϊ.\nτοῦ δʼ ἤτοι δέκα οἶμοι ἔσαν μέλανος κυάνοιο,\nδώδεκα δὲ χρυσοῖο καὶ εἴκοσι κασσιτέροιο·\nκυάνεοι δὲ δράκοντες ὀρωρέχατο προτὶ δειρὴν\nτρεῖς ἑκάτερθʼ ἴρισσιν ἐοικότες, ἅς τε Κρονίων\nἐν νέφεϊ στήριξε, τέρας μερόπων ἀνθρώπων.", "en": "The son of Atreus shouted aloud and bade the Argives gird themselves for battle while he put on his armour. First he girded his goodly greaves about his legs, making them fast with ankle-clasps of silver; and about his chest he set the breastplate which Cinyras had once given him as a guest-gift. It had been noised abroad as far as Cyprus that the Achaeans were about to sail for Troy, and therefore he gave it to the king. It had ten courses of dark cyanus, twelve of gold, and ten of tin. There were serpents of cyanus that reared themselves up towards the neck, three upon either side, like the rainbows which the son of Saturn has set in heaven as a sign to mortal men." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.29–46", "orig": "ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος· ἐν δέ οἱ ἧλοι\nχρύσειοι πάμφαινον, ἀτὰρ περὶ κουλεὸν ἦεν\nἀργύρεον χρυσέοισιν ἀορτήρεσσιν ἀρηρός.\nἂν δʼ ἕλετʼ ἀμφιβρότην πολυδαίδαλον ἀσπίδα θοῦριν\nκαλήν, ἣν πέρι μὲν κύκλοι δέκα χάλκεοι ἦσαν,\nἐν δέ οἱ ὀμφαλοὶ ἦσαν ἐείκοσι κασσιτέροιο\nλευκοί, ἐν δὲ μέσοισιν ἔην μέλανος κυάνοιο.\nτῇ δʼ ἐπὶ μὲν Γοργὼ βλοσυρῶπις ἐστεφάνωτο\nδεινὸν δερκομένη, περὶ δὲ Δεῖμός τε Φόβος τε.\nτῆς δʼ ἐξ ἀργύρεος τελαμὼν ἦν· αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ\nκυάνεος ἐλέλικτο δράκων, κεφαλαὶ δέ οἱ ἦσαν\nτρεῖς ἀμφιστρεφέες ἑνὸς αὐχένος ἐκπεφυυῖαι.\nκρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἀμφίφαλον κυνέην θέτο τετραφάληρον\nἵππουριν· δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν.\nεἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμα δοῦρε δύω κεκορυθμένα χαλκῷ\nὀξέα· τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς ἀπʼ αὐτόφιν οὐρανὸν εἴσω\nλάμπʼ· ἐπὶ δʼ ἐγδούπησαν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη\nτιμῶσαι βασιλῆα πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης.", "en": "About his shoulders he threw his sword, studded with bosses of gold; and the scabbard was of silver with a chain of gold wherewith to hang it. He took moreover the richly-dight shield that covered his body when he was in battle, fair to see, with ten circles of bronze running all round it. On the body of the shield there were twenty bosses of white tin, with another of dark cyanus in the middle: this last was made to show a Gorgon’s head, fierce and grim, with Rout and Panic on either side. The band for the arm to go through was of silver, on which there was a writhing snake of cyanus with three heads that sprang from a single neck, and went in and out among one another. On his head Agamemnon set a helmet, with a peak before and behind, and four plumes of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it; then he grasped two redoubtable bronze-shod spears, and the gleam of his armour shot from him as a flame into the firmament, while Juno and Minerva thundered in honour of the king of rich Mycene." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.47–66", "orig": "ἡνιόχῳ μὲν ἔπειτα ἑῷ ἐπέτελλεν ἕκαστος\nἵππους εὖ κατὰ κόσμον ἐρυκέμεν αὖθʼ ἐπὶ τάφρῳ,\nαὐτοὶ δὲ πρυλέες σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες\nῥώοντʼ· ἄσβεστος δὲ βοὴ γένετʼ ἠῶθι πρό.\nφθὰν δὲ μέγʼ ἱππήων ἐπὶ τάφρῳ κοσμηθέντες,\nἱππῆες δʼ ὀλίγον μετεκίαθον· ἐν δὲ κυδοιμὸν\nὦρσε κακὸν Κρονίδης, κατὰ δʼ ὑψόθεν ἧκεν ἐέρσας\nαἵματι μυδαλέας ἐξ αἰθέρος, οὕνεκʼ ἔμελλε\nπολλὰς ἰφθίμους κεφαλὰς Ἄϊδι προϊάψειν.\nΤρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο\nἝκτορά τʼ ἀμφὶ μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα Πουλυδάμαντα\nΑἰνείαν θʼ, ὃς Τρωσὶ θεὸς ὣς τίετο δήμῳ,\nτρεῖς τʼ Ἀντηνορίδας Πόλυβον καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον\nἠΐθεόν τʼ Ἀκάμαντʼ ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι φέρʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,\nοἷος δʼ ἐκ νεφέων ἀναφαίνεται οὔλιος ἀστὴρ\nπαμφαίνων, τοτὲ δʼ αὖτις ἔδυ νέφεα σκιόεντα,\nὣς Ἕκτωρ ὁτὲ μέν τε μετὰ πρώτοισι φάνεσκεν,\nἄλλοτε δʼ ἐν πυμάτοισι κελεύων· πᾶς δʼ ἄρα χαλκῷ\nλάμφʼ ὥς τε στεροπὴ πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.", "en": "Every man now left his horses in charge of his charioteer to hold them in readiness by the trench, while he went into battle on foot clad in full armour, and a mighty uproar rose on high into the dawning. The chiefs were armed and at the trench before the horses got there, but these came up presently. The son of Saturn sent a portent of evil sound about their host, and the dew fell red with blood, for he was about to send many a brave man hurrying down to Hades.\nThe Trojans, on the other side upon the rising slope of the plain, were gathered round great Hector, noble Polydamas, Aeneas who was honoured by the Trojans like an immortal, and the three sons of Antenor, Polybus, Agenor, and young Acamas beauteous as a god. Hector’s round shield showed in the front rank, and as some baneful star that shines for a moment through a rent in the clouds and is again hidden beneath them; even so was Hector now seen in the front ranks and now again in the hindermost, and his bronze armour gleamed like the lightning of aegis-bearing Jove." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.67–83", "orig": "οἳ δʼ, ὥς τʼ ἀμητῆρες ἐναντίοι ἀλλήλοισιν\nὄγμον ἐλαύνωσιν ἀνδρὸς μάκαρος κατʼ ἄρουραν\nπυρῶν ἢ κριθῶν· τὰ δὲ δράγματα ταρφέα πίπτει·\nὣς Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι θορόντες\nδῄουν, οὐδʼ ἕτεροι μνώοντʼ ὀλοοῖο φόβοιο.\nἴσας δʼ ὑσμίνη κεφαλὰς ἔχεν, οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς\nθῦνον· Ἔρις δʼ ἄρʼ ἔχαιρε πολύστονος εἰσορόωσα·\nοἴη γάρ ῥα θεῶν παρετύγχανε μαρναμένοισιν,\nοἳ δʼ ἄλλοι οὔ σφιν πάρεσαν θεοί, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλοι\nσφοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήατο, ἧχι ἑκάστῳ\nδώματα καλὰ τέτυκτο κατὰ πτύχας Οὐλύμποιο.\nπάντες δʼ ᾐτιόωντο κελαινεφέα Κρονίωνα\nοὕνεκʼ ἄρα Τρώεσσιν ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι.\nτῶν μὲν ἄρʼ οὐκ ἀλέγιζε πατήρ· ὃ δὲ νόσφι λιασθεὶς\nτῶν ἄλλων ἀπάνευθε καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων\nεἰσορόων Τρώων τε πόλιν καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nχαλκοῦ τε στεροπήν, ὀλλύντάς τʼ ὀλλυμένους τε.", "en": "And now as a band of reapers mow swathes of wheat or barley upon a rich man’s land, and the sheaves fall thick before them, even so did the Trojans and Achaeans fall upon one another; they were in no mood for yielding but fought like wolves, and neither side got the better of the other. Discord was glad as she beheld them, for she was the only god that went among them; the others were not there, but stayed quietly each in his own home among the dells and valleys of Olympus. All of them blamed the son of Saturn for wanting to give victory to the Trojans, but father Jove heeded them not: he held aloof from all, and sat apart in his all-glorious majesty, looking down upon the city of the Trojans, the ships of the Achaeans, the gleam of bronze, and alike upon the slayers and on the slain." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.84–98", "orig": "ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ,\nτόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός·\nἦμος δὲ δρυτόμος περ ἀνὴρ ὁπλίσσατο δεῖπνον\nοὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃσιν, ἐπεί τʼ ἐκορέσσατο χεῖρας\nτάμνων δένδρεα μακρά, ἅδος τέ μιν ἵκετο θυμόν,\nσίτου τε γλυκεροῖο περὶ φρένας ἵμερος αἱρεῖ,\nτῆμος σφῇ ἀρετῇ Δαναοὶ ῥήξαντο φάλαγγας\nκεκλόμενοι ἑτάροισι κατὰ στίχας· ἐν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nπρῶτος ὄρουσʼ, ἕλε δʼ ἄνδρα Βιάνορα ποιμένα λαῶν\nαὐτόν, ἔπειτα δʼ ἑταῖρον Ὀϊλῆα πλήξιππον.\nἤτοι ὅ γʼ ἐξ ἵππων κατεπάλμενος ἀντίος ἔστη·\nτὸν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτα μετώπιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ\nνύξʼ, οὐδὲ στεφάνη δόρυ οἱ σχέθε χαλκοβάρεια,\nἀλλὰ διʼ αὐτῆς ἦλθε καὶ ὀστέου, ἐγκέφαλος δὲ\nἔνδον ἅπας πεπάλακτο· δάμασσε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα.", "en": "Now so long as the day waxed and it was still morning, their darts rained thick on one another and the people perished, but as the hour drew nigh when a woodman working in some mountain forest will get his midday meal, for he has felled till his hands are weary; he is tired out, and must now have food, then the Danaans with a cry that rang through all their ranks, broke the battalions of the enemy. Agamemnon led them on, and slew first Bienor, a leader of his people, and afterwards his comrade and charioteer Oileus, who sprang from his chariot and was coming full towards him; but Agamemnon struck him on the forehead with his spear; his bronze visor was of no avail against the weapon, which pierced both bronze and bone, so that his brains were battered in and he was killed in full fight." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.99–109", "orig": "καὶ τοὺς μὲν λίπεν αὖθι ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nστήθεσι παμφαίνοντας, ἐπεὶ περίδυσε χιτῶνας·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ Ἶσόν τε καὶ Ἄντιφον ἐξεναρίξων\nυἷε δύω Πριάμοιο νόθον καὶ γνήσιον ἄμφω\nεἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντας· ὃ μὲν νόθος ἡνιόχευεν,\nἌντιφος αὖ παρέβασκε περικλυτός· ὥ ποτʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἼδης ἐν κνημοῖσι δίδη μόσχοισι λύγοισι,\nποιμαίνοντʼ ἐπʼ ὄεσσι λαβών, καὶ ἔλυσεν ἀποίνων.\nδὴ τότε γʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nτὸν μὲν ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο κατὰ στῆθος βάλε δουρί,\nἌντιφον αὖ παρὰ οὖς ἔλασε ξίφει, ἐκ δʼ ἔβαλʼ ἵππων.", "en": "Agamemnon stripped their shirts from off them and left them with their breasts all bare to lie where they had fallen. He then went on to kill Isus and Antiphus two sons of Priam, the one a bastard, the other born in wedlock; they were in the same chariot, the bastard driving, while noble Antiphus fought beside him. Achilles had once taken both of them prisoners in the glades of Ida, and had bound them with fresh withes as they were shepherding, but he had taken a ransom for them; now, however, Agamemnon son of Atreus smote Isus in the chest above the nipple with his spear, while he struck Antiphus hard by the ear and threw him from his chariot." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.110–121", "orig": "σπερχόμενος δʼ ἀπὸ τοῖιν ἐσύλα τεύχεα καλὰ\nγιγνώσκων· καὶ γάρ σφε πάρος παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν\nεἶδεν, ὅτʼ ἐξ Ἴδης ἄγαγεν πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς.\nὡς δὲ λέων ἐλάφοιο ταχείης νήπια τέκνα\nῥηϊδίως συνέαξε λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσιν\nἐλθὼν εἰς εὐνήν, ἁπαλόν τέ σφʼ ἦτορ ἀπηύρα·\nἣ δʼ εἴ πέρ τε τύχῃσι μάλα σχεδόν, οὐ δύναταί σφι\nχραισμεῖν· αὐτὴν γάρ μιν ὑπὸ τρόμος αἰνὸς ἱκάνει·\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἤϊξε διὰ δρυμὰ πυκνὰ καὶ ὕλην\nσπεύδουσʼ ἱδρώουσα κραταιοῦ θηρὸς ὑφʼ ὁρμῆς·\nὣς ἄρα τοῖς οὔ τις δύνατο χραισμῆσαι ὄλεθρον\nΤρώων, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑπʼ Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο.", "en": "Forthwith he stripped their goodly armour from off them and recognized them, for he had already seen them at ships when Achilles brought them in from Ida. As a lion fastens on the fawns of a hind and crushes them in his great jaws, robbing them of their tender life while he on his way back to his lair, the hind can do nothing for them even though she be close by, for she is in an agony of fear, and flies through the thick forest, sweating, and at her utmost speed before the mighty monster, so, no man of the Trojans could help Isus and Antiphus, for they were themselves flying in panic before the Argives." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.122–142", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὃ Πείσανδρόν τε καὶ Ἱππόλοχον μενεχάρμην\nυἱέας Ἀντιμάχοιο δαΐφρονος, ὅς ῥα μάλιστα\nχρυσὸν Ἀλεξάνδροιο δεδεγμένος ἀγλαὰ δῶρα\nοὐκ εἴασχʼ Ἑλένην δόμεναι ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ,\nτοῦ περ δὴ δύο παῖδε λάβε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nεἰν ἑνὶ δίφρῳ ἐόντας, ὁμοῦ δʼ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους·\nἐκ γάρ σφεας χειρῶν φύγον ἡνία σιγαλόεντα,\nτὼ δὲ κυκηθήτην· ὃ δʼ ἐναντίον ὦρτο λέων ὣς\nἈτρεΐδης· τὼ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐκ δίφρου γουναζέσθην·\nζώγρει Ἀτρέος υἱέ, σὺ δʼ ἄξια δέξαι ἄποινα·\nπολλὰ δʼ ἐν Ἀντιμάχοιο δόμοις κειμήλια κεῖται\nχαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος,\nτῶν κέν τοι χαρίσαιτο πατὴρ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,\nεἰ νῶϊ ζωοὺς πεπύθοιτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.\nὣς τώ γε κλαίοντε προσαυδήτην βασιλῆα\nμειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν· ἀμείλικτον δʼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσαν·\nεἰ μὲν δὴ Ἀντιμάχοιο δαΐφρονος υἱέες ἐστόν,\nὅς ποτʼ ἐνὶ Τρώων ἀγορῇ Μενέλαον ἄνωγεν\nἀγγελίην ἐλθόντα σὺν ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆϊ\nαὖθι κατακτεῖναι μηδʼ ἐξέμεν ἂψ ἐς Ἀχαιούς,\nνῦν μὲν δὴ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀεικέα τίσετε λώβην.", "en": "Then King Agamemnon took the two sons of Antimachus, Pisander and brave Hippolochus. It was Antimachus who had been foremost in preventing Helen’s being restored to Menelaus, for he was largely bribed by Alexandrus; and now Agamemnon took his two sons, both in the same chariot, trying to bring their horses to a stand, for they had lost hold of the reins and the horses were mad with fear. The son of Atreus sprang upon them like a lion, and the pair besought him from their chariot. “Take us alive,” they cried, “son of Atreus, and you shall receive a great ransom for us. Our father Antimachus has great store of gold, bronze, and wrought iron, and from this he will satisfy you with a very large ransom should he hear of our being alive at the ships of the Achaeans.”\nWith such piteous words and tears did they beseech the king, but they heard no pitiful answer in return. “If,” said Agamemnon, “you are sons of Antimachus, who once at a council of Trojans proposed that Menelaus and Ulysses, who had come to you as envoys, should be killed and not suffered to return, you shall now pay for the foul iniquity of your father.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.143–162", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ Πείσανδρον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε\nδουρὶ βαλὼν πρὸς στῆθος· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος οὔδει ἐρείσθη.\nἹππόλοχος δʼ ἀπόρουσε, τὸν αὖ χαμαὶ ἐξενάριξε\nχεῖρας ἀπὸ ξίφεϊ τμήξας ἀπό τʼ αὐχένα κόψας,\nὅλμον δʼ ὣς ἔσσευε κυλίνδεσθαι διʼ ὁμίλου.\nτοὺς μὲν ἔασʼ· ὃ δʼ ὅθι πλεῖσται κλονέοντο φάλαγγες,\nτῇ ῥʼ ἐνόρουσʼ, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί.\nπεζοὶ μὲν πεζοὺς ὄλεκον φεύγοντας ἀνάγκῃ,\nἱππεῖς δʼ ἱππῆας· ὑπὸ δέ σφισιν ὦρτο κονίη\nἐκ πεδίου, τὴν ὦρσαν ἐρίγδουποι πόδες ἵππων\nχαλκῷ δηϊόωντες· ἀτὰρ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nαἰὲν ἀποκτείνων ἕπετʼ Ἀργείοισι κελεύων.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε πῦρ ἀΐδηλον ἐν ἀξύλῳ ἐμπέσῃ ὕλῃ,\nπάντῃ τʼ εἰλυφόων ἄνεμος φέρει, οἳ δέ τε θάμνοι\nπρόρριζοι πίπτουσιν ἐπειγόμενοι πυρὸς ὁρμῇ·\nὣς ἄρʼ ὑπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι πῖπτε κάρηνα\nΤρώων φευγόντων, πολλοὶ δʼ ἐριαύχενες ἵπποι\nκείνʼ ὄχεα κροτάλιζον ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας\nἡνιόχους ποθέοντες ἀμύμονας· οἳ δʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nκείατο, γύπεσσιν πολὺ φίλτεροι ἢ ἀλόχοισιν.", "en": "As he spoke he felled Pisander from his chariot to the earth, smiting him on the chest with his spear, so that he lay face uppermost upon the ground. Hippolochus fled, but him too did Agamemnon smite; he cut off his hands and his head, which he sent rolling in among the crowd as though it were a ball. There he let them both lie, and wherever the ranks were thickest thither he flew, while the other Achaeans followed. Foot soldiers drove the foot soldiers of the foe in rout before them, and slew them; horsemen did the like by horsemen, and the thundering tramp of the horses raised a cloud of dust from off the plain. King Agamemnon followed after, ever slaying them and cheering on the Achaeans. As when some mighty forest is all ablaze, the eddying gusts whirl fire in all directions till the thickets shrivel and are consumed before the blast of the flame, even so fell the heads of the flying Trojans before Agamemnon son of Atreus, and many a noble pair of steeds drew an empty chariot along the highways of war, for lack of drivers who were lying on the plain, more useful now to vultures than to their wives." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.163–180", "orig": "Ἕκτορα δʼ ἐκ βελέων ὕπαγε Ζεὺς ἔκ τε κονίης\nἔκ τʼ ἀνδροκτασίης ἔκ θʼ αἵματος ἔκ τε κυδοιμοῦ·\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἕπετο σφεδανὸν Δαναοῖσι κελεύων.\nοἳ δὲ παρʼ Ἴλου σῆμα παλαιοῦ Δαρδανίδαο\nμέσσον κὰπ πεδίον παρʼ ἐρινεὸν ἐσσεύοντο\nἱέμενοι πόλιος· ὃ δὲ κεκλήγων ἕπετʼ αἰεὶ\nἈτρεΐδης, λύθρῳ δὲ παλάσσετο χεῖρας ἀάπτους.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκοντο,\nἔνθʼ ἄρα δὴ ἵσταντο καὶ ἀλλήλους ἀνέμιμνον.\nοἳ δʼ ἔτι κὰμ μέσσον πεδίον φοβέοντο βόες ὥς,\nἅς τε λέων ἐφόβησε μολὼν ἐν νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ\nπάσας· τῇ δέ τʼ ἰῇ ἀναφαίνεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος·\nτῆς δʼ ἐξ αὐχένʼ ἔαξε λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσι\nπρῶτον, ἔπειτα δέ θʼ αἷμα καὶ ἔγκατα πάντα λαφύσσει·\nὣς τοὺς Ἀτρεΐδης ἔφεπε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nαἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον· οἳ δʼ ἐφέβοντο.\nπολλοὶ δὲ πρηνεῖς τε καὶ ὕπτιοι ἔκπεσον ἵππων\nἈτρεΐδεω ὑπὸ χερσί· περὶ πρὸ γὰρ ἔγχεϊ θῦεν.", "en": "Jove drew Hector away from the darts and dust, with the carnage and din of battle; but the son of Atreus sped onwards, calling out lustily to the Danaans. They flew on by the tomb of old Ilus, son of Dardanus, in the middle of the plain, and past the place of the wild fig-tree making always for the city, the son of Atreus still shouting, and with hands all bedrabbled in gore; but when they had reached the Scaean gates and the oak tree, there they halted and waited for the others to come up. Meanwhile the Trojans kept on flying over the middle of the plain like a herd of cows maddened with fright when a lion has attacked them in the dead of night, he springs on one of them, seizes her neck in the grip of his strong teeth and then laps up her blood and gorges himself upon her entrails, even so did King Agamemnon son of Atreus pursue the foe, ever slaughtering the hindmost as they fled pell-mell before him. Many a man was flung headlong from his chariot by the hand of the son of Atreus, for he wielded his spear with fury." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.181–194", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλεν ὑπὸ πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος\nἵξεσθαι, τότε δή ῥα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε\nἼδης ἐν κορυφῇσι καθέζετο πιδηέσσης\nοὐρανόθεν καταβάς· ἔχε δʼ ἀστεροπὴν μετὰ χερσίν.\nἾριν δʼ ὄτρυνε χρυσόπτερον ἀγγελέουσαν·\nβάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες·\nὄφρʼ ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷ Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν\nθύνοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισιν ἐναίροντα στίχας ἀνδρῶν,\nτόφρʼ ἀναχωρείτω, τὸν δʼ ἄλλον λαὸν ἀνώχθω\nμάρνασθαι δηΐοισι κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἢ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἢ βλήμενος ἰῷ\nεἰς ἵππους ἅλεται, τότε οἱ κράτος ἐγγυαλίξω\nκτείνειν εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκηται\nδύῃ τʼ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ.", "en": "But when he was just about to reach the high wall and the city, the father of gods and men came down from heaven and took his seat, thunderbolt in hand, upon the crest of many-fountained Ida. He then told Iris of the golden wings to carry a message for him. “Go,” said he, “fleet Iris, and speak thus to Hector, say that so long as he sees Agamemnon heading his men and making havoc of the Trojan ranks, he is to keep aloof and bid the others bear the brunt of the battle, but when Agamemnon is wounded either by spear or arrow, and takes to his chariot, then will I vouchsafe him strength to slay till he reach the ships and night falls at the going down of the sun.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.195–209", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις,\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν.\nεὗρʼ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο δαΐφρονος Ἕκτορα δῖον\nἑσταότʼ ἔν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν·\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nἝκτορ υἱὲ Πριάμοιο Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντε\nΖεύς με πατὴρ προέηκε τεῒν τάδε μυθήσασθαι.\nὄφρʼ ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷς Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν\nθύνοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισιν, ἐναίροντα στίχας ἀνδρῶν,\nτόφρʼ ὑπόεικε μάχης, τὸν δʼ ἄλλον λαὸν ἄνωχθι\nμάρνασθαι δηΐοισι κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἢ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἢ βλήμενος ἰῷ\nεἰς ἵππους ἅλεται, τότε τοι κράτος ἐγγυαλίξει\nκτείνειν, εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκηαι\nδύῃ τʼ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ.", "en": "Iris hearkened and obeyed. Down she went to strong Ilius from the crests of Ida, and found Hector son of Priam standing by his chariot and horses. Then she said, “Hector son of Priam, peer of gods in counsel, father Jove has sent me to bear you this message, so long as you see Agamemnon heading his men and making havoc of the Trojan ranks, you are to keep aloof and bid the others bear the brunt of the battle, but when Agamemnon is wounded either by spear or arrow, and takes to his chariot, then will Jove vouchsafe you strength to slay till you reach the ships, and till night falls at the going down of the sun.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.210–228", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,\nπάλλων δʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα κατὰ στρατὸν ᾤχετο πάντῃ\nὀτρύνων μαχέσασθαι, ἔγειρε δὲ φύλοπιν αἰνήν.\nοἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν,\nἈργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκαρτύναντο φάλαγγας.\nἀρτύνθη δὲ μάχη, στὰν δʼ ἀντίοι· ἐν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nπρῶτος ὄρουσʼ, ἔθελεν δὲ πολὺ προμάχεσθαι ἁπάντων.\nἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι\nὅς τις δὴ πρῶτος Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίον ἦλθεν\nἢ αὐτῶν Τρώων ἠὲ κλειτῶν ἐπικούρων.\nἸφιδάμας Ἀντηνορίδης ἠΰς τε μέγας τε\nὃς τράφη ἐν Θρῄκῃ ἐριβώλακι μητέρι μήλων·\nΚισσῆς τόν γʼ ἔθρεψε δόμοις ἔνι τυτθὸν ἐόντα\nμητροπάτωρ, ὃς τίκτε Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃον·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἥβης ἐρικυδέος ἵκετο μέτρον,\nαὐτοῦ μιν κατέρυκε, δίδου δʼ ὅ γε θυγατέρα ἥν·\nγήμας δʼ ἐκ θαλάμοιο μετὰ κλέος ἵκετʼ Ἀχαιῶν\nσὺν δυοκαίδεκα νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν, αἵ οἱ ἕποντο.", "en": "When she had thus spoken Iris left him, and Hector sprang full armed from his chariot to the ground, brandishing his spear as he went about everywhere among the host, cheering his men on to fight, and stirring the dread strife of battle. The Trojans then wheeled round, and again met the Achaeans, while the Argives on their part strengthened their battalions. The battle was now in array and they stood face to face with one another, Agamemnon ever pressing forward in his eagerness to be ahead of all others.\nTell me now ye Muses that dwell in the mansions of Olympus, who, whether of the Trojans or of their allies, was first to face Agamemnon? It was Iphidamas son of Antenor, a man both brave and of great stature, who was brought up in fertile Thrace, the mother of sheep. Cisses, his mother’s father, brought him up in his own house when he was a child, Cisses, father to fair Theano. When he reached manhood, Cisses would have kept him there, and was for giving him his daughter in marriage, but as soon as he had married he set out to fight the Achaeans with twelve ships that followed him:" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.229–247", "orig": "τὰς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐν Περκώτῃ λίπε νῆας ἐΐσας,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ πεζὸς ἐὼν ἐς Ἴλιον εἰληλούθει·\nὅς ῥα τότʼ Ἀτρεΐδεω Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίον ἦλθεν.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nἈτρεΐδης μὲν ἅμαρτε, παραὶ δέ οἱ ἐτράπετʼ ἔγχος,\nἸφιδάμας δὲ κατὰ ζώνην θώρηκος ἔνερθε\nνύξʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἔρεισε βαρείῃ χειρὶ πιθήσας·\nοὐδʼ ἔτορε ζωστῆρα παναίολον, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν\nἀργύρῳ ἀντομένη μόλιβος ὣς ἐτράπετʼ αἰχμή.\nκαὶ τό γε χειρὶ λαβὼν εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἕλκʼ ἐπὶ οἷ μεμαὼς ὥς τε λίς, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρὸς\nσπάσσατο· τὸν δʼ ἄορι πλῆξʼ αὐχένα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.\nὣς ὃ μὲν αὖθι πεσὼν κοιμήσατο χάλκεον ὕπνον\nοἰκτρὸς ἀπὸ μνηστῆς ἀλόχου, ἀστοῖσιν ἀρήγων,\nκουριδίης, ἧς οὔ τι χάριν ἴδε, πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκε·\nπρῶθʼ ἑκατὸν βοῦς δῶκεν, ἔπειτα δὲ χίλιʼ ὑπέστη\nαἶγας ὁμοῦ καὶ ὄϊς, τά οἱ ἄσπετα ποιμαίνοντο.\nδὴ τότε γʼ Ἀτρεΐδης Ἀγαμέμνων ἐξενάριξε,\nβῆ δὲ φέρων ἀνʼ ὅμιλον Ἀχαιῶν τεύχεα καλά.", "en": "these he had left at Percote and had come on by land to Ilius. He it was that now met Agamemnon son of Atreus. When they were close up with one another, the son of Atreus missed his aim, and Iphidamas hit him on the girdle below the cuirass and then flung himself upon him, trusting to his strength of arm; the girdle, however, was not pierced, nor nearly so, for the point of the spear struck against the silver and was turned aside as though it had been lead: King Agamemnon caught it from his hand, and drew it towards him with the fury of a lion; he then drew his sword, and killed Iphidamas by striking him on the neck. So there the poor fellow lay, sleeping a sleep as it were of bronze, killed in the defence of his fellow-citizens, far from his wedded wife, of whom he had had no joy though he had given much for her: he had given a hundred head of cattle down, and had promised later on to give a thousand sheep and goats mixed, from the countless flocks of which he was possessed. Agamemnon son of Atreus then despoiled him, and carried off his armour into the host of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.248–263", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Κόων ἀριδείκετος ἀνδρῶν\nπρεσβυγενὴς Ἀντηνορίδης, κρατερόν ῥά ἑ πένθος\nὀφθαλμοὺς ἐκάλυψε κασιγνήτοιο πεσόντος.\nστῆ δʼ εὐρὰξ σὺν δουρὶ λαθὼν Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον,\nνύξε δέ μιν κατὰ χεῖρα μέσην ἀγκῶνος ἔνερθε,\nἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε φαεινοῦ δουρὸς ἀκωκή.\nῥίγησέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς ἀπέληγε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο,\nἀλλʼ ἐπόρουσε Κόωνι ἔχων ἀνεμοτρεφὲς ἔγχος.\nἤτοι ὃ Ἰφιδάμαντα κασίγνητον καὶ ὄπατρον\nἕλκε ποδὸς μεμαώς, καὶ ἀΰτει πάντας ἀρίστους·\nτὸν δʼ ἕλκοντʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης\nοὔτησε ξυστῷ χαλκήρεϊ, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα·\nτοῖο δʼ ἐπʼ Ἰφιδάμαντι κάρη ἀπέκοψε παραστάς.\nἔνθʼ Ἀντήνορος υἷες ὑπʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃ βασιλῆϊ\nπότμον ἀναπλήσαντες ἔδυν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.", "en": "When noble Coon, Antenor’s eldest son, saw this, sore indeed were his eyes at the sight of his fallen brother. Unseen by Agamemnon he got beside him, spear in hand, and wounded him in the middle of his arm below the elbow, the point of the spear going right through the arm. Agamemnon was convulsed with pain, but still not even for this did he leave off struggling and fighting, but grasped his spear that flew as fleet as the wind, and sprang upon Coon who was trying to drag off the body of his brother, his father’s son, by the foot, and was crying for help to all the bravest of his comrades; but Agamemnon struck him with a bronze-shod spear and killed him as he was dragging the dead body through the press of men under cover of his shield: he then cut off his head, standing over the body of Iphidamas. Thus did the sons of Antenor meet their fate at the hands of the son of Atreus, and go down into the house of Hades." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.264–279", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὃ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν\nἔγχεΐ τʼ ἄορί τε μεγάλοισί τε χερμαδίοισιν,\nὄφρά οἱ αἷμʼ ἔτι θερμὸν ἀνήνοθεν ἐξ ὠτειλῆς.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τὸ μὲν ἕλκος ἐτέρσετο, παύσατο δʼ αἷμα,\nὀξεῖαι δʼ ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος Ἀτρεΐδαο.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ὠδίνουσαν ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα\nδριμύ, τό τε προϊεῖσι μογοστόκοι Εἰλείθυιαι\nἭρης θυγατέρες πικρὰς ὠδῖνας ἔχουσαι,\nὣς ὀξεῖʼ ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος Ἀτρεΐδαο.\nἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε, καὶ ἡνιόχῳ ἐπέτελλε\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· ἤχθετο γὰρ κῆρ.\nἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν νηυσὶν ἀμύνετε ποντοπόροισι\nφύλοπιν ἀργαλέην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐμὲ μητίετα Ζεὺς\nεἴασε Τρώεσσι πανημέριον πολεμίζειν.", "en": "As long as the blood still welled warm from his wound Agamemnon went about attacking the ranks of the enemy with spear and sword and with great handfuls of stone, but when the blood had ceased to flow and the wound grew dry, the pain became great. As the sharp pangs which the Eilithuiae, goddesses of childbirth, daughters of Juno and dispensers of cruel pain, send upon a woman when she is in labour, even so sharp were the pangs of the son of Atreus. He sprang on to his chariot, and bade his charioteer drive to the ships, for he was in great agony. With a loud clear voice he shouted to the Danaans, “My friends, princes and counsellors of the Argives, defend the ships yourselves, for Jove has not suffered me to fight the whole day through against the Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.280–298", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, ἡνίοχος δʼ ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην·\nἄφρεον δὲ στήθεα, ῥαίνοντο δὲ νέρθε κονίῃ\nτειρόμενον βασιλῆα μάχης ἀπάνευθε φέροντες.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὡς ἐνόησʼ Ἀγαμέμνονα νόσφι κιόντα\nΤρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nΤρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ\nἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.\nοἴχετʼ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος, ἐμοὶ δὲ μέγʼ εὖχος ἔδωκε\nΖεὺς Κρονίδης· ἀλλʼ ἰθὺς ἐλαύνετε μώνυχας ἵππους\nἰφθίμων Δαναῶν, ἵνʼ ὑπέρτερον εὖχος ἄρησθε.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε πού τις θηρητὴρ κύνας ἀργιόδοντας\nσεύῃ ἐπʼ ἀγροτέρῳ συῒ καπρίῳ ἠὲ λέοντι,\nὣς ἐπʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν σεῦε Τρῶας μεγαθύμους\nἝκτωρ Πριαμίδης βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι μέγα φρονέων ἐβεβήκει,\nἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ ὑσμίνῃ ὑπεραέϊ ἶσος ἀέλλῃ,\nἥ τε καθαλλομένη ἰοειδέα πόντον ὀρίνει.", "en": "With this the charioteer turned his horses towards the ships, and they flew forward nothing loth. Their chests were white with foam and their bellies with dust, as they drew the wounded king out of the battle.\nWhen Hector saw Agamemnon quit the field, he shouted to the Trojans and Lycians saying, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanian warriors, be men, my friends, and acquit yourselves in battle bravely; their best man has left them, and Jove has vouchsafed me a great triumph; charge the foe with your chariots that you may win still greater glory.”\nWith these words he put heart and soul into them all, and as a huntsman hounds his dogs on against a lion or wild boar, even so did Hector, peer of Mars, hound the proud Trojans on against the Achaeans. Full of hope he plunged in among the foremost, and fell on the fight like some fierce tempest that swoops down upon the sea, and lashes its deep blue waters into fury." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.299–315", "orig": "ἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον, τίνα δʼ ὕστατον ἐξενάριξεν\nἝκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν;\nἈσαῖον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Αὐτόνοον καὶ Ὀπίτην\nκαὶ Δόλοπα Κλυτίδην καὶ Ὀφέλτιον ἠδʼ Ἀγέλαον\nΑἴσυμνόν τʼ Ὦρόν τε καὶ Ἱππόνοον μενεχάρμην.\nτοὺς ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἡγεμόνας Δαναῶν ἕλεν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nπληθύν, ὡς ὁπότε νέφεα Ζέφυρος στυφελίξῃ\nἀργεστᾶο Νότοιο βαθείῃ λαίλαπι τύπτων·\nπολλὸν δὲ τρόφι κῦμα κυλίνδεται, ὑψόσε δʼ ἄχνη\nσκίδναται ἐξ ἀνέμοιο πολυπλάγκτοιο ἰωῆς·\nὣς ἄρα πυκνὰ καρήαθʼ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι δάμνατο λαῶν.\nἔνθά κε λοιγὸς ἔην καὶ ἀμήχανα ἔργα γένοντο,\nκαί νύ κεν ἐν νήεσσι πέσον φεύγοντες Ἀχαιοί,\nεἰ μὴ Τυδεΐδῃ Διομήδεϊ κέκλετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς·\nΤυδεΐδη τί παθόντε λελάσμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς;\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵσταο· δὴ γὰρ ἔλεγχος\nἔσσεται εἴ κεν νῆας ἕλῃ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.", "en": "What, then is the full tale of those whom Hector son of Priam killed in the hour of triumph which Jove then vouchsafed him? First Asaeus, Autonous, and Opites; Dolops son of Clytius, Opheltius and Agelaus; Aesymnus, Orus and Hipponous steadfast in battle; these chieftains of the Achaeans did Hector slay, and then he fell upon the rank and file. As when the west wind hustles the clouds of the white south and beats them down with the fierceness of its fury, the waves of the sea roll high, and the spray is flung aloft in the rage of the wandering wind, even so thick were the heads of them that fell by the hand of Hector.\nAll had then been lost and no help for it, and the Achaeans would have fled pell-mell to their ships, had not Ulysses cried out to Diomed, “Son of Tydeus, what has happened to us that we thus forget our prowess? Come, my good fellow, stand by my side and help me, we shall be shamed for ever if Hector takes the ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.316–335", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nἤτοι ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι· ἀλλὰ μίνυνθα\nἡμέων ἔσσεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς\nΤρωσὶν δὴ βόλεται δοῦναι κράτος ἠέ περ ἡμῖν.\nἦ καὶ Θυμβραῖον μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε\nδουρὶ βαλὼν κατὰ μαζὸν ἀριστερόν· αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς\nἀντίθεον θεράποντα Μολίονα τοῖο ἄνακτος.\nτοὺς μὲν ἔπειτʼ εἴασαν, ἐπεὶ πολέμου ἀπέπαυσαν·\nτὼ δʼ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἰόντε κυδοίμεον, ὡς ὅτε κάπρω\nἐν κυσὶ θηρευτῇσι μέγα φρονέοντε πέσητον·\nὣς ὄλεκον Τρῶας πάλιν ὀρμένω· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἀσπασίως φεύγοντες ἀνέπνεον Ἕκτορα δῖον.\nἔνθʼ ἑλέτην δίφρόν τε καὶ ἀνέρε δήμου ἀρίστω\nυἷε δύω Μέροπος Περκωσίου, ὃς περὶ πάντων\nᾔδεε μαντοσύνας, οὐδὲ οὓς παῖδας ἔασκε\nστείχειν ἐς πόλεμον φθισήνορα· τὼ δέ οἱ οὔ τι\nπειθέσθην· κῆρες γὰρ ἄγον μέλανος θανάτοιο.\nτοὺς μὲν Τυδεΐδης δουρικλειτὸς Διομήδης\nθυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδὼν κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἀπηύρα·\nἹππόδαμον δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς καὶ Ὑπείροχον ἐξενάριξεν.", "en": "And Diomed answered, “Come what may, I will stand firm; but we shall have scant joy of it, for Jove is minded to give victory to the Trojans rather than to us.”\nWith these words he struck Thymbraeus from his chariot to the ground, smiting him in the left breast with his spear, while Ulysses killed Molion who was his squire. These they let lie, now that they had stopped their fighting; the two heroes then went on playing havoc with the foe, like two wild boars that turn in fury and rend the hounds that hunt them. Thus did they turn upon the Trojans and slay them, and the Achaeans were thankful to have breathing time in their flight from Hector.\nThey then took two princes with their chariot, the two sons of Merops of Percote, who excelled all others in the arts of divination. He had forbidden his sons to go to the war, but they would not obey him, for fate lured them to their fall. Diomed son of Tydeus slew them both and stripped them of their armour, while Ulysses killed Hippodamus and Hypeirochus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.336–348", "orig": "ἔνθά σφιν κατὰ ἶσα μάχην ἐτάνυσσε Κρονίων\nἐξ Ἴδης καθορῶν· τοὶ δʼ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον.\nἤτοι Τυδέος υἱὸς Ἀγάστροφον οὔτασε δουρὶ\nΠαιονίδην ἥρωα κατʼ ἰσχίον· οὐ δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nἐγγὺς ἔσαν προφυγεῖν, ἀάσατο δὲ μέγα θυμῷ.\nτοὺς μὲν γὰρ θεράπων ἀπάνευθʼ ἔχεν, αὐτὰρ ὃ πεζὸς\nθῦνε διὰ προμάχων, εἷος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὀξὺ νόησε κατὰ στίχας, ὦρτο δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς\nκεκλήγων· ἅμα δὲ Τρώων εἵποντο φάλαγγες.\nτὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ῥίγησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης,\nαἶψα δʼ Ὀδυσσῆα προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·\nνῶϊν δὴ τόδε πῆμα κυλίνδεται ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ·\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν καὶ ἀλεξώμεσθα μένοντες.", "en": "And now the son of Saturn as he looked down from Ida ordained that neither side should have the advantage, and they kept on killing one another. The son of Tydeus speared Agastrophus son of Paeon in the hip-joint with his spear. His chariot was not at hand for him to fly with, so blindly confident had he been. His squire was in charge of it at some distance and he was fighting on foot among the foremost until he lost his life. Hector soon marked the havoc Diomed and Ulysses were making, and bore down upon them with a loud cry, followed by the Trojan ranks; brave Diomed was dismayed when he saw them, and said to Ulysses who was beside him, “Great Hector is bearing down upon us and we shall be undone; let us stand firm and wait his onset.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.349–367", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος\nκαὶ βάλεν, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε τιτυσκόμενος κεφαλῆφιν,\nἄκρην κὰκ κόρυθα· πλάγχθη δʼ ἀπὸ χαλκόφι χαλκός,\nοὐδʼ ἵκετο χρόα καλόν· ἐρύκακε γὰρ τρυφάλεια\nτρίπτυχος αὐλῶπις, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὦκʼ ἀπέλεθρον ἀνέδραμε, μίκτο δʼ ὁμίλῳ,\nστῆ δὲ γνὺξ ἐριπὼν καὶ ἐρείσατο χειρὶ παχείῃ\nγαίης· ἀμφὶ δὲ ὄσσε κελαινὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν.\nὄφρα δὲ Τυδεΐδης μετὰ δούρατος ᾤχετʼ ἐρωὴν\nτῆλε διὰ προμάχων, ὅθι οἱ καταείσατο γαίης\nτόφρʼ Ἕκτωρ ἔμπνυτο, καὶ ἂψ ἐς δίφρον ὀρούσας\nἐξέλασʼ ἐς πληθύν, καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν.\nδουρὶ δʼ ἐπαΐσσων προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nἐξ αὖ νῦν ἔφυγες θάνατον κύον· ἦ τέ τοι ἄγχι\nἦλθε κακόν· νῦν αὖτέ σʼ ἐρύσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nᾧ μέλλεις εὔχεσθαι ἰὼν ἐς δοῦπον ἀκόντων.\nἦ θήν σʼ ἐξανύω γε καὶ ὕστερον ἀντιβολήσας,\nεἴ πού τις καὶ ἔμοιγε θεῶν ἐπιτάρροθός ἐστι.\nνῦν αὖ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπιείσομαι, ὅν κε κιχείω.", "en": "He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it, nor did he miss his mark. He had aimed at Hector’s head near the top of his helmet, but bronze was turned by bronze, and Hector was untouched, for the spear was stayed by the visored helm made with three plates of metal, which Phoebus Apollo had given him. Hector sprang back with a great bound under cover of the ranks; he fell on his knees and propped himself with his brawny hand leaning on the ground, for darkness had fallen on his eyes. The son of Tydeus having thrown his spear dashed in among the foremost fighters, to the place where he had seen it strike the ground; meanwhile Hector recovered himself and springing back into his chariot mingled with the crowd, by which means he saved his life. But Diomed made at him with his spear and said, “Dog, you have again got away though death was close on your heels. Phoebus Apollo, to whom I ween you pray ere you go into battle, has again saved you, nevertheless I will meet you and make an end of you hereafter, if there is any god who will stand by me too and be my helper. For the present I must pursue those I can lay hands on.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.368–383", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ Παιονίδην δουρὶ κλυτὸν ἐξενάριζεν.\nαὐτὰρ Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο\nΤυδεΐδῃ ἔπι τόξα τιταίνετο ποιμένι λαῶν,\nστήλῃ κεκλιμένος ἀνδροκμήτῳ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ\nἼλου Δαρδανίδαο, παλαιοῦ δημογέροντος.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν θώρηκα Ἀγαστρόφου ἰφθίμοιο\nαἴνυτʼ ἀπὸ στήθεσφι παναίολον ἀσπίδα τʼ ὤμων\nκαὶ κόρυθα βριαρήν· ὃ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε\nκαὶ βάλεν, οὐδʼ ἄρα μιν ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγε χειρός,\nταρσὸν δεξιτεροῖο ποδός· διὰ δʼ ἀμπερὲς ἰὸς\nἐν γαίῃ κατέπηκτο· ὃ δὲ μάλα ἡδὺ γελάσσας\nἐκ λόχου ἀμπήδησε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·\nβέβληαι οὐδʼ ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγεν· ὡς ὄφελόν τοι\nνείατον ἐς κενεῶνα βαλὼν ἐκ θυμὸν ἑλέσθαι.\nοὕτω κεν καὶ Τρῶες ἀνέπνευσαν κακότητος,\nοἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι λέονθʼ ὡς μηκάδες αἶγες.", "en": "As he spoke he began stripping the spoils from the son of Paeon, but Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen aimed an arrow at him, leaning against a pillar of the monument which men had raised to Ilus son of Dardanus, a ruler in days of old. Diomed had taken the cuirass from off the breast of Agastrophus, his heavy helmet also, and the shield from off his shoulders, when Paris drew his bow and let fly an arrow that sped not from his hand in vain, but pierced the flat of Diomed’s right foot, going right through it and fixing itself in the ground. Thereon Paris with a hearty laugh sprang forward from his hiding-place, and taunted him saying, “You are wounded, my arrow has not been shot in vain; would that it had hit you in the belly and killed you, for thus the Trojans, who fear you as goats fear a lion, would have had a truce from evil.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.384–395", "orig": "τὸν δʼ οὐ ταρβήσας προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης·\nτοξότα λωβητὴρ κέρᾳ ἀγλαὲ παρθενοπῖπα\nεἰ μὲν δὴ ἀντίβιον σὺν τεύχεσι πειρηθείης,\nοὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃσι βιὸς καὶ ταρφέες ἰοί·\nνῦν δέ μʼ ἐπιγράψας ταρσὸν ποδὸς εὔχεαι αὔτως.\nοὐκ ἀλέγω, ὡς εἴ με γυνὴ βάλοι ἢ πάϊς ἄφρων·\nκωφὸν γὰρ βέλος ἀνδρὸς ἀνάλκιδος οὐτιδανοῖο.\nἦ τʼ ἄλλως ὑπʼ ἐμεῖο, καὶ εἴ κʼ ὀλίγον περ ἐπαύρῃ,\nὀξὺ βέλος πέλεται, καὶ ἀκήριον αἶψα τίθησι.\nτοῦ δὲ γυναικὸς μέν τʼ ἀμφίδρυφοί εἰσι παρειαί,\nπαῖδες δʼ ὀρφανικοί· ὃ δέ θʼ αἵματι γαῖαν ἐρεύθων\nπύθεται, οἰωνοὶ δὲ περὶ πλέες ἠὲ γυναῖκες.", "en": "Diomed all undaunted answered, “Archer, you who without your bow are nothing, slanderer and seducer, if you were to be tried in single combat fighting in full armour, your bow and your arrows would serve you in little stead. Vain is your boast in that you have scratched the sole of my foot. I care no more than if a girl or some silly boy had hit me. A worthless coward can inflict but a light wound; when I wound a man though I but graze his skin it is another matter, for my weapon will lay him low. His wife will tear her cheeks for grief and his children will be fatherless: there will he rot, reddening the earth with his blood, and vultures, not women, will gather round him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.396–410", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τοῦ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν\nἔστη πρόσθʼ· ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε καθεζόμενος βέλος ὠκὺ\nἐκ ποδὸς ἕλκʼ, ὀδύνη δὲ διὰ χροὸς ἦλθʼ ἀλεγεινή.\nἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε, καὶ ἡνιόχῳ ἐπέτελλε\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν· ἤχθετο γὰρ κῆρ.\nοἰώθη δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρὶ κλυτός, οὐδέ τις αὐτῷ\nἈργείων παρέμεινεν, ἐπεὶ φόβος ἔλλαβε πάντας·\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·\nὤ μοι ἐγὼ τί πάθω; μέγα μὲν κακὸν αἴ κε φέβωμαι\nπληθὺν ταρβήσας· τὸ δὲ ῥίγιον αἴ κεν ἁλώω\nμοῦνος· τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους Δαναοὺς ἐφόβησε Κρονίων.\nἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;\nοἶδα γὰρ ὅττι κακοὶ μὲν ἀποίχονται πολέμοιο,\nὃς δέ κʼ ἀριστεύῃσι μάχῃ ἔνι τὸν δὲ μάλα χρεὼ\nἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς, ἤ τʼ ἔβλητʼ ἤ τʼ ἔβαλʼ ἄλλον.", "en": "Thus he spoke, but Ulysses came up and stood over him. Under this cover he sat down to draw the arrow from his foot, and sharp was the pain he suffered as he did so. Then he sprang on to his chariot and bade the charioteer drive him to the ships, for he was sick at heart.\nUlysses was now alone; not one of the Argives stood by him, for they were all panic-stricken. “Alas,” said he to himself in his dismay, “what will become of me? It is ill if I turn and fly before these odds, but it will be worse if I am left alone and taken prisoner, for the son of Saturn has struck the rest of the Danaans with panic. But why talk to myself in this way? Well do I know that though cowards quit the field, a hero, whether he wound or be wounded, must stand firm and hold his own.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.411–425", "orig": "εἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,\nτόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον ἀσπιστάων,\nἔλσαν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι, μετὰ σφίσι πῆμα τιθέντες.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε κάπριον ἀμφὶ κύνες θαλεροί τʼ αἰζηοὶ\nσεύωνται, ὃ δέ τʼ εἶσι βαθείης ἐκ ξυλόχοιο\nθήγων λευκὸν ὀδόντα μετὰ γναμπτῇσι γένυσσιν,\nἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἀΐσσονται, ὑπαὶ δέ τε κόμπος ὀδόντων\nγίγνεται, οἳ δὲ μένουσιν ἄφαρ δεινόν περ ἐόντα,\nὥς ῥα τότʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διῒ φίλον ἐσσεύοντο\nΤρῶες· ὃ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἀμύμονα Δηϊοπίτην\nοὔτασεν ὦμον ὕπερθεν ἐπάλμενος ὀξέϊ δουρί,\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Θόωνα καὶ Ἔννομον ἐξενάριξε.\nΧερσιδάμαντα δʼ ἔπειτα καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντα\nδουρὶ κατὰ πρότμησιν ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης\nνύξεν· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.", "en": "While he was thus in two minds, the ranks of the Trojans advanced and hemmed him in, and bitterly did they come to rue it. As hounds and lusty youths set upon a wild boar that sallies from his lair whetting his white tusks, they attack him from every side and can hear the gnashing of his jaws, but for all his fierceness they still hold their ground, even so furiously did the Trojans attack Ulysses. First he sprang spear in hand upon Deiopites and wounded him on the shoulder with a downward blow; then he killed Thoon and Ennomus. After these he struck Chersidamas in the loins under his shield as he had just sprung down from his chariot; so he fell in the dust and clutched the earth in the hollow of his hand." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.426–445", "orig": "τοὺς μὲν ἔασʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἱππασίδην Χάροπʼ οὔτασε δουρὶ\nαὐτοκασίγνητον εὐηφενέος Σώκοιο.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπαλεξήσων Σῶκος κίεν ἰσόθεος φώς,\nστῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν\nὦ Ὀδυσεῦ πολύαινε δόλων ἆτʼ ἠδὲ πόνοιο\nσήμερον ἢ δοιοῖσιν ἐπεύξεαι Ἱππασίδῃσι\nτοιώδʼ ἄνδρε κατακτείνας καὶ τεύχεʼ ἀπούρας,\nἤ κεν ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃς.\nὣς εἰπὼν οὔτησε κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην.\nδιὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε φαεινῆς ὄβριμον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ διὰ θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου ἠρήρειστο,\nπάντα δʼ ἀπὸ πλευρῶν χρόα ἔργαθεν, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔασε\nΠαλλὰς Ἀθηναίη μιχθήμεναι ἔγκασι φωτός.\nγνῶ δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς ὅ οἱ οὔ τι τέλος κατακαίριον ἦλθεν,\nἂψ δʼ ἀναχωρήσας Σῶκον πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἆ δείλʼ ἦ μάλα δή σε κιχάνεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.\nἤτοι μέν ῥʼ ἔμʼ ἔπαυσας ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι·\nσοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐνθάδε φημὶ φόνον καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν\nἤματι τῷδʼ ἔσσεσθαι, ἐμῷ δʼ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντα\nεὖχος ἐμοὶ δώσειν, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ.", "en": "These he let lie, and went on to wound Charops son of Hippasus own brother to noble Socus. Socus, hero that he was, made all speed to help him, and when he was close to Ulysses he said, “Far-famed Ulysses, insatiable of craft and toil, this day you shall either boast of having killed both the sons of Hippasus and stripped them of their armour, or you shall fall before my spear.”\nWith these words he struck the shield of Ulysses. The spear went through the shield and passed on through his richly wrought cuirass, tearing the flesh from his side, but Pallas Minerva did not suffer it to pierce the entrails of the hero. Ulysses knew that his hour was not yet come, but he gave ground and said to Socus, “Wretch, you shall now surely die. You have stayed me from fighting further with the Trojans, but you shall now fall by my spear, yielding glory to myself, and your soul to Hades of the noble steeds.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.446–460", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ ὃ μὲν φύγαδʼ αὖτις ὑποστρέψας ἐβεβήκει,\nτῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν\nὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσε,\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς·\nὦ Σῶχʼ Ἱππάσου υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἱπποδάμοιο\nφθῆ σε τέλος θανάτοιο κιχήμενον, οὐδʼ ὑπάλυξας.\nἆ δείλʼ οὐ μὲν σοί γε πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nὄσσε καθαιρήσουσι θανόντι περ, ἀλλʼ οἰωνοὶ\nὠμησταὶ ἐρύουσι, περὶ πτερὰ πυκνὰ βαλόντες.\nαὐτὰρ ἔμʼ, εἴ κε θάνω, κτεριοῦσί γε δῖοι Ἀχαιοί.\nὣς εἰπὼν Σώκοιο δαΐφρονος ὄβριμον ἔγχος\nἔξω τε χροὸς ἕλκε καὶ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλοέσσης·\nαἷμα δέ οἱ σπασθέντος ἀνέσσυτο, κῆδε δὲ θυμόν.\nΤρῶες δὲ μεγάθυμοι ὅπως ἴδον αἷμʼ Ὀδυσῆος\nκεκλόμενοι καθʼ ὅμιλον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν.", "en": "Socus had turned in flight, but as he did so, the spear struck him in the back midway between the shoulders, and went right through his chest. He fell heavily to the ground and Ulysses vaunted over him saying, “O Socus, son of Hippasus tamer of horses, death has been too quick for you and you have not escaped him: poor wretch, not even in death shall your father and mother close your eyes, but the ravening vultures shall enshroud you with the flapping of their dark wings and devour you. Whereas even though I fall the Achaeans will give me my due rites of burial.”\nSo saying he drew Socus’s heavy spear out of his flesh and from his shield, and the blood welled forth when the spear was withdrawn so that he was much dismayed." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.461–477", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐξοπίσω ἀνεχάζετο, αὖε δʼ ἑταίρους.\nτρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἤϋσεν ὅσον κεφαλὴ χάδε φωτός,\nτρὶς δʼ ἄϊεν ἰάχοντος ἄρηι φίλος Μενέλαος.\nαἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντα προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·\nΑἶαν διογενὲς Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν\nἀμφί μʼ Ὀδυσσῆος ταλασίφρονος ἵκετʼ ἀϋτὴ\nτῷ ἰκέλη ὡς εἴ ἑ βιῴατο μοῦνον ἐόντα\nΤρῶες ἀποτμήξαντες ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ.\nἀλλʼ ἴομεν καθʼ ὅμιλον· ἀλεξέμεναι γὰρ ἄμεινον.\nδείδω μή τι πάθῃσιν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι μονωθεὶς\nἐσθλὸς ἐών, μεγάλη δὲ ποθὴ Δαναοῖσι γένηται.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ἦρχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο ἰσόθεος φώς.\nεὗρον ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα Διῒ φίλον· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτὸν\nΤρῶες ἕπονθʼ ὡς εἴ τε δαφοινοὶ θῶες ὄρεσφιν\nἀμφʼ ἔλαφον κεραὸν βεβλημένον, ὅν τʼ ἔβαλʼ ἀνὴρ\nἰῷ ἀπὸ νευρῆς· τὸν μέν τʼ ἤλυξε πόδεσσι\nφεύγων, ὄφρʼ αἷμα λιαρὸν καὶ γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ·", "en": "When the Trojans saw that Ulysses was bleeding they raised a great shout and came on in a body towards him; he therefore gave ground, and called his comrades to come and help him. Thrice did he cry as loudly as man can cry, and thrice did brave Menelaus hear him; he turned, therefore, to Ajax who was close beside him and said, “Ajax, noble son of Telamon, captain of your people, the cry of Ulysses rings in my ears, as though the Trojans had cut him off and were worsting him while he is single-handed. Let us make our way through the throng; it will be well that we defend him; I fear he may come to harm for all his valour if he be left without support, and the Danaans would miss him sorely.”\nHe led the way and mighty Ajax went with him. The Trojans had gathered round Ulysses like ravenous mountain jackals round the carcase of some horned stag that has been hit with an arrow, the stag has fled at full speed so long as his blood was warm and his strength has lasted, but when the arrow has overcome him, the savage jackals devour him in the shady glades of the forest." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.478–496", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται ὠκὺς ὀϊστός,\nὠμοφάγοι μιν θῶες ἐν οὔρεσι δαρδάπτουσιν\nἐν νέμεϊ σκιερῷ· ἐπί τε λῖν ἤγαγε δαίμων\nσίντην· θῶες μέν τε διέτρεσαν, αὐτὰρ ὃ δάπτει·\nὥς ῥα τότʼ ἀμφʼ Ὀδυσῆα δαΐφρονα ποικιλομήτην\nΤρῶες ἕπον πολλοί τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι, αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως\nἀΐσσων ᾧ ἔγχει ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ.\nΑἴας δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε φέρων σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον,\nστῆ δὲ παρέξ· Τρῶες δὲ διέτρεσαν ἄλλυδις ἄλλος.\nἤτοι τὸν Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος ἔξαγʼ ὁμίλου\nχειρὸς ἔχων, εἷος θεράπων σχεδὸν ἤλασεν ἵππους.\nΑἴας δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐπάλμενος εἷλε Δόρυκλον\nΠριαμίδην νόθον υἱόν, ἔπειτα δὲ Πάνδοκον οὖτα,\nοὖτα δὲ Λύσανδρον καὶ Πύρασον ἠδὲ Πυλάρτην.\nὡς δʼ ὁπότε πλήθων ποταμὸς πεδίον δὲ κάτεισι\nχειμάρρους κατʼ ὄρεσφιν ὀπαζόμενος Διὸς ὄμβρῳ,\nπολλὰς δὲ δρῦς ἀζαλέας, πολλὰς δέ τε πεύκας\nἐσφέρεται, πολλὸν δέ τʼ ἀφυσγετὸν εἰς ἅλα βάλλει,\nὣς ἔφεπε κλονέων πεδίον τότε φαίδιμος Αἴας,", "en": "Then heaven sends a fierce lion thither, whereon the jackals fly in terror and the lion robs them of their prey, even so did Trojans many and brave gather round crafty Ulysses, but the hero stood at bay and kept them off with his spear. Ajax then came up with his shield before him like a wall, and stood hard by, whereon the Trojans fled in all directions. Menelaus took Ulysses by the hand, and led him out of the press while his squire brought up his chariot, but Ajax rushed furiously on the Trojans and killed Doryclus, a bastard son of Priam; then he wounded Pandocus, Lysandrus, Pyrasus, and Pylartes; as some swollen torrent comes rushing in full flood from the mountains on to the plain, big with the rain of heaven, many a dry oak and many a pine does it engulf, and much mud does it bring down and cast into the sea, even so did brave Ajax chase the foe furiously over the plain, slaying both men and horses." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.497–514", "orig": "δαΐζων ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας· οὐδέ πω Ἕκτωρ\nπεύθετʼ, ἐπεί ῥα μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ μάρνατο πάσης\nὄχθας πὰρ ποταμοῖο Σκαμάνδρου, τῇ ῥα μάλιστα\nἀνδρῶν πῖπτε κάρηνα, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει\nΝέστορά τʼ ἀμφὶ μέγαν καὶ ἀρήϊον Ἰδομενῆα.\nἝκτωρ μὲν μετὰ τοῖσιν ὁμίλει μέρμερα ῥέζων\nἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε, νέων δʼ ἀλάπαζε φάλαγγας·\nοὐδʼ ἄν πω χάζοντο κελεύθου δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ\nεἰ μὴ Ἀλέξανδρος Ἑλένης πόσις ἠϋκόμοιο\nπαῦσεν ἀριστεύοντα Μαχάονα ποιμένα λαῶν,\nἰῷ τριγλώχινι βαλὼν κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον.\nτῷ ῥα περίδεισαν μένεα πνείοντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nμή πώς μιν πολέμοιο μετακλινθέντος ἕλοιεν.\nαὐτίκα δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς προσεφώνεε Νέστορα δῖον·\nὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν\nἄγρει σῶν ὀχέων ἐπιβήσεο, πὰρ δὲ Μαχάων\nβαινέτω, ἐς νῆας δὲ τάχιστʼ ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους·\nἰητρὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ πολλῶν ἀντάξιος ἄλλων", "en": "Hector did not yet know what Ajax was doing, for he was fighting on the extreme left of the battle by the banks of the river Scamander, where the carnage was thickest and the war-cry loudest round Nestor and brave Idomeneus. Among these Hector was making great slaughter with his spear and furious driving, and was destroying the ranks that were opposed to him; still the Achaeans would have given no ground, had not Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen stayed the prowess of Machaon, shepherd of his people, by wounding him in the right shoulder with a triple-barbed arrow. The Achaeans were in great fear that as the fight had turned against them the Trojans might take him prisoner, and Idomeneus said to Nestor, “Nestor son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean name, mount your chariot at once; take Machaon with you and drive your horses to the ships as fast as you can. A physician is worth more than several other men put together, for he can cut out arrows and spread healing herbs.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.515–530", "orig": "ἰούς τʼ ἐκτάμνειν ἐπί τʼ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσειν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ.\nαὐτίκα δʼ ὧν ὀχέων ἐπεβήσετο, πὰρ δὲ Μαχάων\nβαῖνʼ Ἀσκληπιοῦ υἱὸς ἀμύμονος ἰητῆρος·\nμάστιξεν δʼ ἵππους, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· τῇ γὰρ φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ.\nΚεβριόνης δὲ Τρῶας ὀρινομένους ἐνόησεν\nἝκτορι παρβεβαώς, καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἝκτορ νῶϊ μὲν ἐνθάδʼ ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖσιν\nἐσχατιῇ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι\nΤρῶες ὀρίνονται ἐπιμὶξ ἵπποι τε καὶ αὐτοί.\nΑἴας δὲ κλονέει Τελαμώνιος· εὖ δέ μιν ἔγνων·\nεὐρὺ γὰρ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισιν ἔχει σάκος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμεῖς\nκεῖσʼ ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρμʼ ἰθύνομεν, ἔνθα μάλιστα\nἱππῆες πεζοί τε κακὴν ἔριδα προβαλόντες\nἀλλήλους ὀλέκουσι, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὄρωρεν.", "en": "Nestor knight of Gerene did as Idomeneus had counselled; he at once mounted his chariot, and Machaon son of the famed physician Aesculapius, went with him. He lashed his horses and they flew onward nothing loth towards the ships, as though of their own free will.\nThen Cebriones seeing the Trojans in confusion said to Hector from his place beside him, “Hector, here are we two fighting on the extreme wing of the battle, while the other Trojans are in pell-mell rout, they and their horses. Ajax son of Telamon is driving them before him; I know him by the breadth of his shield: let us turn our chariot and horses thither, where horse and foot are fighting most desperately, and where the cry of battle is loudest.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.531–542", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους\nμάστιγι λιγυρῇ· τοὶ δὲ πληγῆς ἀΐοντες\nῥίμφʼ ἔφερον θοὸν ἅρμα μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς\nστείβοντες νέκυάς τε καὶ ἀσπίδας· αἵματι δʼ ἄξων\nνέρθεν ἅπας πεπάλακτο καὶ ἄντυγες αἳ περὶ δίφρον,\nἃς ἄρʼ ἀφʼ ἱππείων ὁπλέων ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον\nαἵ τʼ ἀπʼ ἐπισσώτρων. ὃ δὲ ἵετο δῦναι ὅμιλον\nἀνδρόμεον ῥῆξαί τε μετάλμενος· ἐν δὲ κυδοιμὸν\nἧκε κακὸν Δαναοῖσι, μίνυνθα δὲ χάζετο δουρός.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπεπωλεῖτο στίχας ἀνδρῶν\nἔγχεΐ τʼ ἄορί τε μεγάλοισί τε χερμαδίοισιν,\nΑἴαντος δʼ ἀλέεινε μάχην Τελαμωνιάδαο.", "en": "With this he lashed his goodly steeds, and when they felt the whip they drew the chariot full speed among the Achaeans and Trojans, over the bodies and shields of those that had fallen: the axle was bespattered with blood, and the rail round the car was covered with splashes both from the horses’ hoofs and from the tyres of the wheels. Hector tore his way through and flung himself into the thick of the fight, and his presence threw the Danaans into confusion, for his spear was not long idle; nevertheless though he went among the ranks with sword and spear, and throwing great stones, he avoided Ajax son of Telamon, for Jove would have been angry with him if he had fought a better man than himself." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.544–557", "orig": "Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Αἴανθʼ ὑψίζυγος ἐν φόβον ὦρσε·\nστῆ δὲ ταφών, ὄπιθεν δὲ σάκος βάλεν ἑπταβόειον,\nτρέσσε δὲ παπτήνας ἐφʼ ὁμίλου θηρὶ ἐοικὼς\nἐντροπαλιζόμενος ὀλίγον γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων.\nὡς δʼ αἴθωνα λέοντα βοῶν ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο\nἐσσεύαντο κύνες τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἀγροιῶται,\nοἵ τέ μιν οὐκ εἰῶσι βοῶν ἐκ πῖαρ ἑλέσθαι\nπάννυχοι ἐγρήσσοντες· ὃ δὲ κρειῶν ἐρατίζων\nἰθύει, ἀλλʼ οὔ τι πρήσσει· θαμέες γὰρ ἄκοντες\nἀντίον ἀΐσσουσι θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν\nκαιόμεναί τε δεταί, τάς τε τρεῖ ἐσσύμενός περ·\nἠῶθεν δʼ ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἔβη τετιηότι θυμῷ·\nὣς Αἴας τότʼ ἀπὸ Τρώων τετιημένος ἦτορ\nἤϊε πόλλʼ ἀέκων· περὶ γὰρ δίε νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Then father Jove from his high throne struck fear into the heart of Ajax, so that he stood there dazed and threw his shield behind him, looking fearfully at the throng of his foes as though he were some wild beast, and turning hither and thither but crouching slowly backwards. As peasants with their hounds chase a lion from their stockyard, and watch by night to prevent his carrying off the pick of their herd, he makes his greedy spring, but in vain, for the darts from many a strong hand fall thick around him, with burning brands that scare him for all his fury, and when morning comes he slinks foiled and angry away, even so did Ajax, sorely against his will, retreat angrily before the Trojans, fearing for the ships of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.558–574", "orig": "ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὄνος παρʼ ἄρουραν ἰὼν ἐβιήσατο παῖδας\nνωθής, ᾧ δὴ πολλὰ περὶ ῥόπαλʼ ἀμφὶς ἐάγῃ,\nκείρει τʼ εἰσελθὼν βαθὺ λήϊον· οἳ δέ τε παῖδες\nτύπτουσιν ῥοπάλοισι· βίη δέ τε νηπίη αὐτῶν·\nσπουδῇ τʼ ἐξήλασσαν, ἐπεί τʼ ἐκορέσσατο φορβῆς·\nὣς τότʼ ἔπειτʼ Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱὸν\nΤρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι πολυηγερέες τʼ ἐπίκουροι\nνύσσοντες ξυστοῖσι μέσον σάκος αἰὲν ἕποντο.\nΑἴας δʼ ἄλλοτε μὲν μνησάσκετο θούριδος ἀλκῆς\nαὖτις ὑποστρεφθείς, καὶ ἐρητύσασκε φάλαγγας\nΤρώων ἱπποδάμων· ὁτὲ δὲ τρωπάσκετο φεύγειν.\nπάντας δὲ προέεργε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ὁδεύειν,\nαὐτὸς δὲ Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν θῦνε μεσηγὺ\nἱστάμενος· τὰ δὲ δοῦρα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν\nἄλλα μὲν ἐν σάκεϊ μεγάλῳ πάγεν ὄρμενα πρόσσω,\nπολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγύ, πάρος χρόα λευκὸν ἐπαυρεῖν,\nἐν γαίῃ ἵσταντο λιλαιόμενα χροὸς ἆσαι.", "en": "Or as some lazy ass that has had many a cudgel broken about his back, when he into a field begins eating the corn, boys beat him but he is too many for them, and though they lay about with their sticks they cannot hurt him; still when he has had his fill they at last drive him from the field, even so did the Trojans and their allies pursue great Ajax, ever smiting the middle of his shield with their darts. Now and again he would turn and show fight, keeping back the battalions of the Trojans, and then he would again retreat; but he prevented any of them from making his way to the ships. Single-handed he stood midway between the Trojans and Achaeans: the spears that sped from their hands stuck some of them in his mighty shield, while many, though thirsting for his blood, fell to the ground ere they could reach him to the wounding of his fair flesh." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.575–595", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησʼ Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς\nΕὐρύπυλος πυκινοῖσι βιαζόμενον βελέεσσι,\nστῆ ῥα παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,\nκαὶ βάλε Φαυσιάδην Ἀπισάονα ποιμένα λαῶν\nἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν·\nΕὐρύπυλος δʼ ἐπόρουσε καὶ αἴνυτο τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων.\nτὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδὴς\nτεύχεʼ ἀπαινύμενον Ἀπισάονος, αὐτίκα τόξον\nἕλκετʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρυπύλῳ, καί μιν βάλε μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ\nδεξιόν· ἐκλάσθη δὲ δόναξ, ἐβάρυνε δὲ μηρόν.\nἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων,\nἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nστῆτʼ ἐλελιχθέντες καὶ ἀμύνετε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ\nΑἴανθʼ, ὃς βελέεσσι βιάζεται, οὐδέ ἕ φημι\nφεύξεσθʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην\nἵστασθʼ ἀμφʼ Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱόν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ Εὐρύπυλος βεβλημένος· οἳ δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν\nπλησίοι ἔστησαν σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες\nδούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· τῶν δʼ ἀντίος ἤλυθεν Αἴας.\nστῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθείς, ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων.", "en": "Now when Eurypylus the brave son of Euaemon saw that Ajax was being overpowered by the rain of arrows, he went up to him and hurled his spear. He struck Apisaon son of Phausius in the liver below the midriff, and laid him low. Eurypylus sprang upon him, and stripped the armour from his shoulders; but when Alexandrus saw him, he aimed an arrow at him which struck him in the right thigh; the arrow broke, but the point that was left in the wound dragged on the thigh; he drew back, therefore, under cover of his comrades to save his life, shouting as he did so to the Danaans, “My friends, princes and counsellors of the Argives, rally to the defence of Ajax who is being overpowered, and I doubt whether he will come out of the fight alive. Hither, then, to the rescue of great Ajax son of Telamon.”\nEven so did he cry when he was wounded; thereon the others came near, and gathered round him, holding their shields upwards from their shoulders so as to give him cover. Ajax then made towards them, and turned round to stand at bay as soon as he had reached his men." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.596–615", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·\nΝέστορα δʼ ἐκ πολέμοιο φέρον Νηλήϊαι ἵπποι\nἱδρῶσαι, ἦγον δὲ Μαχάονα ποιμένα λαῶν.\nτὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἑστήκει γὰρ ἐπὶ πρυμνῇ μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ\nεἰσορόων πόνον αἰπὺν ἰῶκά τε δακρυόεσσαν.\nαἶψα δʼ ἑταῖρον ἑὸν Πατροκλῆα προσέειπε\nφθεγξάμενος παρὰ νηός· ὃ δὲ κλισίηθεν ἀκούσας\nἔκμολεν ἶσος Ἄρηϊ, κακοῦ δʼ ἄρα οἱ πέλεν ἀρχή.\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός·\nτίπτέ με κικλήσκεις Ἀχιλεῦ; τί δέ σε χρεὼ ἐμεῖο;\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nδῖε Μενοιτιάδη τῷ ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ\nνῦν ὀΐω περὶ γούνατʼ ἐμὰ στήσεσθαι Ἀχαιοὺς\nλισσομένους· χρειὼ γὰρ ἱκάνεται οὐκέτʼ ἀνεκτός.\nἀλλʼ ἴθι νῦν Πάτροκλε Διῒ φίλε Νέστορʼ ἔρειο\nὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει βεβλημένον ἐκ πολέμοιο·\nἤτοι μὲν τά γʼ ὄπισθε Μαχάονι πάντα ἔοικε\nτῷ Ἀσκληπιάδῃ, ἀτὰρ οὐκ ἴδον ὄμματα φωτός·\nἵπποι γάρ με παρήϊξαν πρόσσω μεμαυῖαι.", "en": "Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Meanwhile the mares of Neleus, all in a lather with sweat, were bearing Nestor out of the fight, and with him Machaon shepherd of his people. Achilles saw and took note, for he was standing on the stern of his ship watching the hard stress and struggle of the fight. He called from the ship to his comrade Patroclus, who heard him in the tent and came out looking like Mars himself, here indeed was the beginning of the ill that presently befell him. “Why,” said he, “Achilles, do you call me? What do you want with me?” And Achilles answered, “Noble son of Menoetius, man after my own heart, I take it that I shall now have the Achaeans praying at my knees, for they are in great straits; go, Patroclus, and ask Nestor who it is that he is bearing away wounded from the field; from his back I should say it was Machaon son of Aesculapius, but I could not see his face for the horses went by me at full speed.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.616–635", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ φίλῳ ἐπεπείθεθʼ ἑταίρῳ,\nβῆ δὲ θέειν παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Νηληϊάδεω ἀφίκοντο,\nαὐτοὶ μέν ῥʼ ἀπέβησαν ἐπὶ χθόνα πουλυβότειραν,\nἵππους δʼ Εὐρυμέδων θεράπων λύε τοῖο γέροντος\nἐξ ὀχέων· τοὶ δʼ ἱδρῶ ἀπεψύχοντο χιτώνων\nστάντε ποτὶ πνοιὴν παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλός· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nἐς κλισίην ἐλθόντες ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι κάθιζον.\nτοῖσι δὲ τεῦχε κυκειῶ ἐϋπλόκαμος Ἑκαμήδη,\nτὴν ἄρετʼ ἐκ Τενέδοιο γέρων, ὅτε πέρσεν Ἀχιλλεύς,\nθυγατέρʼ Ἀρσινόου μεγαλήτορος, ἥν οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἔξελον οὕνεκα βουλῇ ἀριστεύεσκεν ἁπάντων.\nἥ σφωϊν πρῶτον μὲν ἐπιπροΐηλε τράπεζαν\nκαλὴν κυανόπεζαν ἐΰξοον, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῆς\nχάλκειον κάνεον, ἐπὶ δὲ κρόμυον ποτῷ ὄψον,\nἠδὲ μέλι χλωρόν, παρὰ δʼ ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτήν,\nπὰρ δὲ δέπας περικαλλές, ὃ οἴκοθεν ἦγʼ ὁ γεραιός,\nχρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον· οὔατα δʼ αὐτοῦ\nτέσσαρʼ ἔσαν, δοιαὶ δὲ πελειάδες ἀμφὶς ἕκαστον\nχρύσειαι νεμέθοντο, δύω δʼ ὑπὸ πυθμένες ἦσαν.", "en": "Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him, and set off running by the ships and tents of the Achaeans.\nWhen Nestor and Machaon had reached the tents of the son of Neleus, they dismounted, and an esquire, Eurymedon, took the horses from the chariot. The pair then stood in the breeze by the seaside to dry the sweat from their shirts, and when they had so done they came inside and took their seats. Fair Hecamede, whom Nestor had had awarded to him from Tenedos when Achilles took it, mixed them a mess; she was daughter of wise Arsinous, and the Achaeans had given her to Nestor because he excelled all of them in counsel. First she set for them a fair and well-made table that had feet of cyanus; on it there was a vessel of bronze and an onion to give relish to the drink, with honey and cakes of barley-meal. There was also a cup of rare workmanship which the old man had brought with him from home, studded with bosses of gold; it had four handles, on each of which there were two golden doves feeding, and it had two feet to stand on." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.636–654", "orig": "ἄλλος μὲν μογέων ἀποκινήσασκε τραπέζης\nπλεῖον ἐόν, Νέστωρ δʼ ὁ γέρων ἀμογητὶ ἄειρεν.\nἐν τῷ ῥά σφι κύκησε γυνὴ ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσιν\nοἴνῳ Πραμνείῳ, ἐπὶ δʼ αἴγειον κνῆ τυρὸν\nκνήστι χαλκείῃ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ πάλυνε,\nπινέμεναι δʼ ἐκέλευσεν, ἐπεί ῥʼ ὥπλισσε κυκειῶ.\nτὼ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πίνοντʼ ἀφέτην πολυκαγκέα δίψαν\nμύθοισιν τέρποντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐνέποντες,\nΠάτροκλος δὲ θύρῃσιν ἐφίστατο ἰσόθεος φώς.\nτὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ὁ γεραιὸς ἀπὸ θρόνου ὦρτο φαεινοῦ,\nἐς δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλών, κατὰ δʼ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγε.\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀναίνετο εἶπέ τε μῦθον·\nοὐχ ἕδος ἐστὶ γεραιὲ διοτρεφές, οὐδέ με πείσεις.\nαἰδοῖος νεμεσητὸς ὅ με προέηκε πυθέσθαι\nὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγεις βεβλημένον· ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς\nγιγνώσκω, ὁρόω δὲ Μαχάονα ποιμένα λαῶν.\nνῦν δὲ ἔπος ἐρέων πάλιν ἄγγελος εἶμʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ.\nεὖ δὲ σὺ οἶσθα γεραιὲ διοτρεφές, οἷος ἐκεῖνος\nδεινὸς ἀνήρ· τάχα κεν καὶ ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο.", "en": "Any one else would hardly have been able to lift it from the table when it was full, but Nestor could do so quite easily. In this the woman, as fair as a goddess, mixed them a mess with Pramnian wine; she grated goat’s milk cheese into it with a bronze grater, threw in a handful of white barley-meal, and having thus prepared the mess she bade them drink it. When they had done so and had thus quenched their thirst, they fell talking with one another, and at this moment Patroclus appeared at the door.\nWhen the old man saw him he sprang from his seat, seized his hand, led him into the tent, and bade him take his place among them; but Patroclus stood where he was and said, “Noble sir, I may not stay, you cannot persuade me to come in; he that sent me is not one to be trifled with, and he bade me ask who the wounded man was whom you were bearing away from the field. I can now see for myself that he is Machaon, shepherd of his people. I must go back and tell Achilles. You, sir, know what a terrible man he is, and how ready to blame even where no blame should lie.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.655–667", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nτίπτε τὰρ ὧδʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ὀλοφύρεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,\nὅσσοι δὴ βέλεσιν βεβλήαται; οὐδέ τι οἶδε\nπένθεος, ὅσσον ὄρωρε κατὰ στρατόν· οἳ γὰρ ἄριστοι\nἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε.\nβέβληται μὲν ὃ Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης,\nοὔτασται δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἠδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων·\nβέβληται δὲ καὶ Εὐρύπυλος κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ·\nτοῦτον δʼ ἄλλον ἐγὼ νέον ἤγαγον ἐκ πολέμοιο\nἰῷ ἀπὸ νευρῆς βεβλημένον. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐσθλὸς ἐὼν Δαναῶν οὐ κήδεται οὐδʼ ἐλεαίρει.\nἦ μένει εἰς ὅ κε δὴ νῆες θοαὶ ἄγχι θαλάσσης\nἈργείων ἀέκητι πυρὸς δηΐοιο θέρωνται,", "en": "And Nestor answered, “Why should Achilles care to know how many of the Achaeans may be wounded? He recks not of the dismay that reigns in our host; our most valiant chieftains lie disabled, brave Diomed, son of Tydeus, is wounded; so are Ulysses and Agamemnon; Eurypylus has been hit with an arrow in the thigh, and I have just been bringing this man from the field, he too wounded with an arrow. Nevertheless, Achilles, so valiant though he be, cares not and knows no ruth. Will he wait till the ships, do what we may, are in a blaze, and we perish one upon the other?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.668–684", "orig": "αὐτοί τε κτεινώμεθʼ ἐπισχερώ; οὐ γὰρ ἐμὴ ἲς\nἔσθʼ οἵη πάρος ἔσκεν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσιν.\nεἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη δέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη\nὡς ὁπότʼ Ἠλείοισι καὶ ἡμῖν νεῖκος ἐτύχθη\nἀμφὶ βοηλασίῃ, ὅτʼ ἐγὼ κτάνον Ἰτυμονῆα\nἐσθλὸν Ὑπειροχίδην, ὃς ἐν Ἤλιδι ναιετάασκε,\nῥύσιʼ ἐλαυνόμενος· ὃ δʼ ἀμύνων ᾗσι βόεσσιν\nἔβλητʼ ἐν πρώτοισιν ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἄκοντι,\nκὰδ δʼ ἔπεσεν, λαοὶ δὲ περίτρεσαν ἀγροιῶται.\nληΐδα δʼ ἐκ πεδίου συνελάσσαμεν ἤλιθα πολλὴν\nπεντήκοντα βοῶν ἀγέλας, τόσα πώεα οἰῶν,\nτόσσα συῶν συβόσια, τόσʼ αἰπόλια πλατέʼ αἰγῶν,\nἵππους δὲ ξανθὰς ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα\nπάσας θηλείας, πολλῇσι δὲ πῶλοι ὑπῆσαν.\nκαὶ τὰ μὲν ἠλασάμεσθα Πύλον Νηλήϊον εἴσω\nἐννύχιοι προτὶ ἄστυ· γεγήθει δὲ φρένα Νηλεύς,\nοὕνεκά μοι τύχε πολλὰ νέῳ πόλεμον δὲ κιόντι.", "en": "As for me, I have no strength nor stay in me any longer; would that I were still young and strong as in the days when there was a fight between us and the men of Elis about some cattle-raiding. I then killed Itymoneus, the valiant son of Hypeirochus, a dweller in Elis, as I was driving in the spoil; he was hit by a dart thrown by my hand while fighting in the front rank in defence of his cows, so he fell and the country people around him were in great fear. We drove off a vast quantity of booty from the plain, fifty herds of cattle and as many flocks of sheep; fifty droves also of pigs, and as many wide-spreading flocks of goats. Of horses, moreover, we seized a hundred and fifty, all of them mares, and many had foals running with them. All these did we drive by night to Pylus, the city of Neleus, taking them within the city; and the heart of Neleus was glad in that I had taken so much, though it was the first time I had ever been in the field." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.685–705", "orig": "κήρυκες δʼ ἐλίγαινον ἅμʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι\nτοὺς ἴμεν οἷσι χρεῖος ὀφείλετʼ ἐν Ἤλιδι δίῃ·\nοἳ δὲ συναγρόμενοι Πυλίων ἡγήτορες ἄνδρες\nδαίτρευον· πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον,\nὡς ἡμεῖς παῦροι κεκακωμένοι ἐν Πύλῳ ἦμεν·\nἐλθὼν γάρ ῥʼ ἐκάκωσε βίη Ἡρακληείη\nτῶν προτέρων ἐτέων, κατὰ δʼ ἔκταθεν ὅσσοι ἄριστοι·\nδώδεκα γὰρ Νηλῆος ἀμύμονος υἱέες ἦμεν·\nτῶν οἶος λιπόμην, οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι πάντες ὄλοντο.\nταῦθʼ ὑπερηφανέοντες Ἐπειοὶ χαλκοχίτωνες\nἡμέας ὑβρίζοντες ἀτάσθαλα μηχανόωντο.\nἐκ δʼ ὃ γέρων ἀγέλην τε βοῶν καὶ πῶϋ μέγʼ οἰῶν\nεἵλετο κρινάμενος τριηκόσιʼ ἠδὲ νομῆας.\nκαὶ γὰρ τῷ χρεῖος μέγʼ ὀφείλετʼ ἐν Ἤλιδι δίῃ\nτέσσαρες ἀθλοφόροι ἵπποι αὐτοῖσιν ὄχεσφιν\nἐλθόντες μετʼ ἄεθλα· περὶ τρίποδος γὰρ ἔμελλον\nθεύσεσθαι· τοὺς δʼ αὖθι ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Αὐγείας\nκάσχεθε, τὸν δʼ ἐλατῆρʼ ἀφίει ἀκαχήμενον ἵππων.\nτῶν ὃ γέρων ἐπέων κεχολωμένος ἠδὲ καὶ ἔργων\nἐξέλετʼ ἄσπετα πολλά· τὰ δʼ ἄλλʼ ἐς δῆμον ἔδωκε\nδαιτρεύειν, μή τίς οἱ ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης.", "en": "At daybreak the heralds went round crying that all in Elis to whom there was a debt owing should come; and the leading Pylians assembled to divide the spoils. There were many to whom the Epeans owed chattels, for we men of Pylus were few and had been oppressed with wrong; in former years Hercules had come, and had laid his hand heavy upon us, so that all our best men had perished. Neleus had had twelve sons, but I alone was left; the others had all been killed. The Epeans presuming upon all this had looked down upon us and had done us much evil. My father chose a herd of cattle and a great flock of sheep, three hundred in all, and he took their shepherds with him, for there was a great debt due to him in Elis, to wit four horses, winners of prizes. They and their chariots with them had gone to the games and were to run for a tripod, but King Augeas took them, and sent back their driver grieving for the loss of his horses. Neleus was angered by what he had both said and done, and took great value in return, but he divided the rest, that no man might have less than his full share." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.706–724", "orig": "ἡμεῖς μὲν τὰ ἕκαστα διείπομεν, ἀμφί τε ἄστυ\nἕρδομεν ἱρὰ θεοῖς· οἳ δὲ τρίτῳ ἤματι πάντες\nἦλθον ὁμῶς αὐτοί τε πολεῖς καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι\nπανσυδίῃ· μετὰ δέ σφι Μολίονε θωρήσσοντο\nπαῖδʼ ἔτʼ ἐόντʼ, οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς.\nἔστι δέ τις Θρυόεσσα πόλις αἰπεῖα κολώνη\nτηλοῦ ἐπʼ Ἀλφειῷ, νεάτη Πύλου ἠμαθόεντος·\nτὴν ἀμφεστρατόωντο διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε πᾶν πεδίον μετεκίαθον, ἄμμι δʼ Ἀθήνη\nἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσʼ ἀπʼ Ὀλύμπου θωρήσσεσθαι\nἔννυχος, οὐδʼ ἀέκοντα Πύλον κάτα λαὸν ἄγειρεν\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐσσυμένους πολεμίζειν. οὐδέ με Νηλεὺς\nεἴα θωρήσσεσθαι, ἀπέκρυψεν δέ μοι ἵππους·\nοὐ γάρ πώ τί μʼ ἔφη ἴδμεν πολεμήϊα ἔργα.\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἱππεῦσι μετέπρεπον ἡμετέροισι\nκαὶ πεζός περ ἐών, ἐπεὶ ὧς ἄγε νεῖκος Ἀθήνη.\nἔστι δέ τις ποταμὸς Μινυήϊος εἰς ἅλα βάλλων\nἐγγύθεν Ἀρήνης, ὅθι μείναμεν Ἠῶ δῖαν\nἱππῆες Πυλίων, τὰ δʼ ἐπέρρεον ἔθνεα πεζῶν.", "en": "“Thus did we order all things, and offer sacrifices to the gods throughout the city; but three days afterwards the Epeans came in a body, many in number, they and their chariots, in full array, and with them the two Moliones in their armour, though they were still lads and unused to fighting. Now there is a certain town, Thryoessa, perched upon a rock on the river Alpheus, the border city of Pylus. This they would destroy, and pitched their camp about it, but when they had crossed their whole plain, Minerva darted down by night from Olympus and bade us set ourselves in array; and she found willing soldiers in Pylos, for the men meant fighting. Neleus would not let me arm, and hid my horses, for he said that as yet I could know nothing about war; nevertheless Minerva so ordered the fight that, all on foot as I was, I fought among our mounted forces and vied with the foremost of them. There is a river Minyeius that falls into the sea near Arene, and there they that were mounted (and I with them) waited till morning, when the companies of foot soldiers came up with us in force." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.725–741", "orig": "ἔνθεν πανσυδίῃ σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες\nἔνδιοι ἱκόμεσθʼ ἱερὸν ῥόον Ἀλφειοῖο.\nἔνθα Διὶ ῥέξαντες ὑπερμενεῖ ἱερὰ καλά,\nταῦρον δʼ Ἀλφειῷ, ταῦρον δὲ Ποσειδάωνι,\nαὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίη γλαυκώπιδι βοῦν ἀγελαίην,\nδόρπον ἔπειθʼ ἑλόμεσθα κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι,\nκαὶ κατεκοιμήθημεν ἐν ἔντεσιν οἷσιν ἕκαστος\nἀμφὶ ῥοὰς ποταμοῖο. ἀτὰρ μεγάθυμοι Ἐπειοὶ\nἀμφέσταν δὴ ἄστυ διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες·\nἀλλά σφι προπάροιθε φάνη μέγα ἔργον Ἄρηος·\nεὖτε γὰρ ἠέλιος φαέθων ὑπερέσχεθε γαίης,\nσυμφερόμεσθα μάχῃ Διί τʼ εὐχόμενοι καὶ Ἀθήνῃ.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Πυλίων καὶ Ἐπειῶν ἔπλετο νεῖκος,\nπρῶτος ἐγὼν ἕλον ἄνδρα, κόμισσα δὲ μώνυχας ἵππους,\nΜούλιον αἰχμητήν· γαμβρὸς δʼ ἦν Αὐγείαο,\nπρεσβυτάτην δὲ θύγατρʼ εἶχε ξανθὴν Ἀγαμήδην,\nἣ τόσα φάρμακα ᾔδη ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών.", "en": "Thence in full panoply and equipment we came towards noon to the sacred waters of the Alpheus, and there we offered victims to almighty Jove, with a bull to Alpheus, another to Neptune, and a herd-heifer to Minerva. After this we took supper in our companies, and laid us down to rest each in his armour by the river.\n“The Epeans were beleaguering the city and were determined to take it, but ere this might be there was a desperate fight in store for them. When the sun’s rays began to fall upon the earth we joined battle, praying to Jove and to Minerva, and when the fight had begun, I was the first to kill my man and take his horses, to wit the warrior Mulius. He was son-in-law to Augeas, having married his eldest daughter, golden-haired Agamede, who knew the virtues of every herb which grows upon the face of the earth." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.742–761", "orig": "τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ προσιόντα βάλον χαλκήρεϊ δουρί,\nἤριπε δʼ ἐν κονίῃσιν· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐς δίφρον ὀρούσας\nστῆν ῥα μετὰ προμάχοισιν· ἀτὰρ μεγάθυμοι Ἐπειοὶ\nἔτρεσαν ἄλλυδις ἄλλος, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἄνδρα πεσόντα\nἡγεμόνʼ ἱππήων, ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐπόρουσα κελαινῇ λαίλαπι ἶσος,\nπεντήκοντα δʼ ἕλον δίφρους, δύο δʼ ἀμφὶς ἕκαστον\nφῶτες ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες.\nκαί νύ κεν Ἀκτορίωνε Μολίονε παῖδʼ ἀλάπαξα,\nεἰ μή σφωε πατὴρ εὐρὺ κρείων ἐνοσίχθων\nἐκ πολέμου ἐσάωσε καλύψας ἠέρι πολλῇ.\nἔνθα Ζεὺς Πυλίοισι μέγα κράτος ἐγγυάλιξε·\nτόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα διὰ σπιδέος πεδίοιο\nκτείνοντές τʼ αὐτοὺς ἀνά τʼ ἔντεα καλὰ λέγοντες,\nὄφρʼ ἐπὶ Βουπρασίου πολυπύρου βήσαμεν ἵππους\nπέτρης τʼ Ὠλενίης, καὶ Ἀλησίου ἔνθα κολώνη\nκέκληται· ὅθεν αὖτις ἀπέτραπε λαὸν Ἀθήνη.\nἔνθʼ ἄνδρα κτείνας πύματον λίπον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἂψ ἀπὸ Βουπρασίοιο Πύλονδʼ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους,\nπάντες δʼ εὐχετόωντο θεῶν Διὶ Νέστορί τʼ ἀνδρῶν.", "en": "I speared him as he was coming towards me, and when he fell headlong in the dust, I sprang upon his chariot and took my place in the front ranks. The Epeans fled in all directions when they saw the captain of their horsemen (the best man they had) laid low, and I swept down on them like a whirlwind, taking fifty chariots, and in each of them two men bit the dust, slain by my spear. I should have even killed the two Moliones, sons of Actor, unless their real father, Neptune lord of the earthquake, had hidden them in a thick mist and borne them out of the fight. Thereon Jove vouchsafed the Pylians a great victory, for we chased them far over the plain, killing the men and bringing in their armour, till we had brought our horses to Buprasium, rich in wheat, and to the Olenian rock, with the hill that is called Alision, at which point Minerva turned the people back. There I slew the last man and left him; then the Achaeans drove their horses back from Buprasium to Pylos and gave thanks to Jove among the gods, and among mortal men to Nestor." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.762–779", "orig": "ὣς ἔον, εἴ ποτʼ ἔον γε, μετʼ ἀνδράσιν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nοἶος τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀπονήσεται· ἦ τέ μιν οἴω\nπολλὰ μετακλαύσεσθαι ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται.\nὦ πέπον ἦ μὲν σοί γε Μενοίτιος ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλεν\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε σʼ ἐκ Φθίης Ἀγαμέμνονι πέμπε,\nνῶϊ δέ τʼ ἔνδον ἐόντες ἐγὼ καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nπάντα μάλʼ ἐν μεγάροις ἠκούομεν ὡς ἐπέτελλε.\nΠηλῆος δʼ ἱκόμεσθα δόμους εὖ ναιετάοντας\nλαὸν ἀγείροντες κατʼ Ἀχαιΐδα πουλυβότειραν.\nἔνθα δʼ ἔπειθʼ ἥρωα Μενοίτιον εὕρομεν ἔνδον\nἠδὲ σέ, πὰρ δʼ Ἀχιλῆα· γέρων δʼ ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς\nπίονα μηρία καῖε βοὸς Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ\nαὐλῆς ἐν χόρτῳ· ἔχε δὲ χρύσειον ἄλεισον\nσπένδων αἴθοπα οἶνον ἐπʼ αἰθομένοις ἱεροῖσι.\nσφῶϊ μὲν ἀμφὶ βοὸς ἕπετον κρέα, νῶϊ δʼ ἔπειτα\nστῆμεν ἐνὶ προθύροισι· ταφὼν δʼ ἀνόρουσεν Ἀχιλλεύς,\nἐς δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλών, κατὰ δʼ ἑδριάασθαι ἄνωγε,\nξείνιά τʼ εὖ παρέθηκεν, ἅ τε ξείνοις θέμις ἐστίν.", "en": "“Such was I among my peers, as surely as ever was, but Achilles is for keeping all his valour for himself; bitterly will he rue it hereafter when the host is being cut to pieces. My good friend, did not Menoetius charge you thus, on the day when he sent you from Phthia to Agamemnon? Ulysses and I were in the house, inside, and heard all that he said to you; for we came to the fair house of Peleus while beating up recruits throughout all Achaea, and when we got there we found Menoetius and yourself, and Achilles with you. The old knight Peleus was in the outer court, roasting the fat thigh-bones of a heifer to Jove the lord of thunder; and he held a gold chalice in his hand from which he poured drink-offerings of wine over the burning sacrifice. You two were busy cutting up the heifer, and at that moment we stood at the gates, whereon Achilles sprang to his feet, led us by the hand into the house, placed us at table, and set before us such hospitable entertainment as guests expect." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.780–791", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπημεν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος,\nἦρχον ἐγὼ μύθοιο κελεύων ὔμμʼ ἅμʼ ἕπεσθαι·\nσφὼ δὲ μάλʼ ἠθέλετον, τὼ δʼ ἄμφω πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλον.\nΠηλεὺς μὲν ᾧ παιδὶ γέρων ἐπέτελλʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ\nαἰὲν ἀριστεύειν καὶ ὑπείροχον ἔμμεναι ἄλλων·\nσοὶ δʼ αὖθʼ ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλε Μενοίτιος Ἄκτορος υἱός·\nτέκνον ἐμὸν γενεῇ μὲν ὑπέρτερός ἐστιν Ἀχιλλεύς,\nπρεσβύτερος δὲ σύ ἐσσι· βίῃ δʼ ὅ γε πολλὸν ἀμείνων.\nἀλλʼ εὖ οἱ φάσθαι πυκινὸν ἔπος ἠδʼ ὑποθέσθαι\nκαί οἱ σημαίνειν· ὃ δὲ πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν περ.\nὣς ἐπέτελλʼ ὃ γέρων, σὺ δὲ λήθεαι· ἀλλʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν\nταῦτʼ εἴποις Ἀχιλῆϊ δαΐφρονι αἴ κε πίθηται.", "en": "When we had satisfied ourselves with meat and drink, I said my say and urged both of you to join us. You were ready enough to do so, and the two old men charged you much and straitly. Old Peleus bade his son Achilles fight ever among the foremost and outvie his peers, while Menoetius the son of Actor spoke thus to you: ‘My son,’ said he, ‘Achilles is of nobler birth than you are, but you are older than he, though he is far the better man of the two. Counsel him wisely, guide him in the right way, and he will follow you to his own profit.’ Thus did your father charge you, but you have forgotten; nevertheless, even now, say all this to Achilles if he will listen to you." }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.792–803", "orig": "τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κέν οἱ σὺν δαίμονι θυμὸν ὀρίναις\nπαρειπών; ἀγαθὴ δὲ παραίφασίς ἐστιν ἑταίρου.\nεἰ δέ τινα φρεσὶν ᾗσι θεοπροπίην ἀλεείνει\nκαί τινά οἱ πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ,\nἀλλὰ σέ περ προέτω, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλος λαὸς ἑπέσθω\nΜυρμιδόνων, αἴ κέν τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένηαι·\nκαί τοι τεύχεα καλὰ δότω πόλεμον δὲ φέρεσθαι,\nαἴ κέ σε τῷ εἴσκοντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο\nΤρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nτειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο.\nῥεῖα δέ κʼ ἀκμῆτες κεκμηότας ἄνδρας ἀϋτῇ\nὤσαισθε προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.", "en": "Who knows but with heaven’s help you may talk him over, for it is good to take a friend’s advice. If, however, he is fearful about some oracle, or if his mother has told him something from Jove, then let him send you, and let the rest of the Myrmidons follow with you, if perchance you may bring light and saving to the Danaans. And let him send you into battle clad in his own armour, that the Trojans may mistake you for him and leave off fighting; the sons of the Achaeans may thus have time to get their breath, for they are hard pressed and there is little breathing time in battle. You, who are fresh, might easily drive a tired enemy back to his walls and away from the tents and ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.804–822", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε,\nβῆ δὲ θέειν παρὰ νῆας ἐπʼ Αἰακίδην Ἀχιλῆα.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κατὰ νῆας Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο\nἷξε θέων Πάτροκλος, ἵνά σφʼ ἀγορή τε θέμις τε\nἤην, τῇ δὴ καί σφι θεῶν ἐτετεύχατο βωμοί,\nἔνθά οἱ Εὐρύπυλος βεβλημένος ἀντεβόλησε\nδιογενὴς Εὐαιμονίδης κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ\nσκάζων ἐκ πολέμου· κατὰ δὲ νότιος ῥέεν ἱδρὼς\nὤμων καὶ κεφαλῆς, ἀπὸ δʼ ἕλκεος ἀργαλέοιο\nαἷμα μέλαν κελάρυζε· νόος γε μὲν ἔμπεδος ἦεν.\nτὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ᾤκτειρε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός,\nκαί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἆ δειλοὶ Δαναῶν ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nὣς ἄρʼ ἐμέλλετε τῆλε φίλων καὶ πατρίδος αἴης\nἄσειν ἐν Τροίῃ ταχέας κύνας ἀργέτι δημῷ.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ διοτρεφὲς Εὐρύπυλʼ ἥρως,\nἤ ῥʼ ἔτι που σχήσουσι πελώριον Ἕκτορʼ Ἀχαιοί,\nἦ ἤδη φθίσονται ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμέντες;\nτὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύπυλος βεβλημένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·", "en": "With these words he moved the heart of Patroclus, who set off running by the line of the ships to Achilles, descendant of Aeacus. When he had got as far as the ships of Ulysses, where was their place of assembly and court of justice, with their altars dedicated to the gods, Eurypylus son of Euaemon, met him, wounded in the thigh with an arrow, and limping out of the fight. Sweat rained from his head and shoulders, and black blood welled from his cruel wound, but his mind did not wander. The son of Menoetius when he saw him had compassion upon him and spoke piteously saying, “O unhappy princes and counsellors of the Danaans, are you then doomed to feed the hounds of Troy with your fat, far from your friends and your native land? Say, noble Eurypylus, will the Achaeans be able to hold great Hector in check, or will they fall now before his spear?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.823–836", "orig": "οὐκέτι διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἄλκαρ Ἀχαιῶν\nἔσσεται, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέονται.\nοἳ μὲν γὰρ δὴ πάντες, ὅσοι πάρος ἦσαν ἄριστοι,\nἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε\nχερσὶν ὕπο Τρώων· τῶν δὲ σθένος ὄρνυται αἰέν.\nἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν σὺ σάωσον ἄγων ἐπὶ νῆα μέλαιναν,\nμηροῦ δʼ ἔκταμʼ ὀϊστόν, ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ δʼ αἷμα κελαινὸν\nνίζʼ ὕδατι λιαρῷ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε\nἐσθλά, τά σε προτί φασιν Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι,\nὃν Χείρων ἐδίδαξε δικαιότατος Κενταύρων.\nἰητροὶ μὲν γὰρ Ποδαλείριος ἠδὲ Μαχάων\nτὸν μὲν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ὀΐομαι ἕλκος ἔχοντα\nχρηΐζοντα καὶ αὐτὸν ἀμύμονος ἰητῆρος\nκεῖσθαι· ὃ δʼ ἐν πεδίῳ Τρώων μένει ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.", "en": "Wounded Eurypylus made answer, “Noble Patroclus, there is no hope left for the Achaeans but they will perish at their ships. All they that were princes among us are lying struck down and wounded at the hands of the Trojans, who are waxing stronger and stronger. But save me and take me to your ship; cut out the arrow from my thigh; wash the black blood from off it with warm water, and lay upon it those gracious herbs which, so they say, have been shown you by Achilles, who was himself shown them by Chiron, most righteous of all the centaurs. For of the physicians Podalirius and Machaon, I hear that the one is lying wounded in his tent and is himself in need of healing, while the other is fighting the Trojans upon the plain.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 11.837–848", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός·\nπῶς τὰρ ἔοι τάδε ἔργα; τί ῥέξομεν Εὐρύπυλʼ ἥρως;\nἔρχομαι ὄφρʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ δαΐφρονι μῦθον ἐνίσπω\nὃν Νέστωρ ἐπέτελλε Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν·\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς περ σεῖο μεθήσω τειρομένοιο.\nἦ, καὶ ὑπὸ στέρνοιο λαβὼν ἄγε ποιμένα λαῶν\nἐς κλισίην· θεράπων δὲ ἰδὼν ὑπέχευε βοείας.\nἔνθά μιν ἐκτανύσας ἐκ μηροῦ τάμνε μαχαίρῃ\nὀξὺ βέλος περιπευκές, ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ δʼ αἷμα κελαινὸν\nνίζʼ ὕδατι λιαρῷ, ἐπὶ δὲ ῥίζαν βάλε πικρὴν\nχερσὶ διατρίψας ὀδυνήφατον, ἥ οἱ ἁπάσας\nἔσχʼ ὀδύνας· τὸ μὲν ἕλκος ἐτέρσετο, παύσατο δʼ αἷμα.", "en": "“Hero Eurypylus,” replied the brave son of Menoetius, “how may these things be? What can I do? I am on my way to bear a message to noble Achilles from Nestor of Gerene, bulwark of the Achaeans, but even so I will not be unmindful of your distress.”\nWith this he clasped him round the middle and led him into the tent, and a servant, when he saw him, spread bullock-skins on the ground for him to lie on. He laid him at full length and cut out the sharp arrow from his thigh; he washed the black blood from the wound with warm water; he then crushed a bitter herb, rubbing it between his hands, and spread it upon the wound; this was a virtuous herb which killed all pain; so the wound presently dried and the blood left off flowing." } ], "12": [ { "ref": "Iliad 12.1–18", "orig": "ὣς ὃ μὲν ἐν κλισίῃσι Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς\nἰᾶτʼ Εὐρύπυλον βεβλημένον· οἳ δὲ μάχοντο\nἈργεῖοι καὶ Τρῶες ὁμιλαδόν· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε\nτάφρος ἔτι σχήσειν Δαναῶν καὶ τεῖχος ὕπερθεν\nεὐρύ, τὸ ποιήσαντο νεῶν ὕπερ, ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον\nἤλασαν· οὐδὲ θεοῖσι δόσαν κλειτὰς ἑκατόμβας·\nὄφρά σφιν νῆάς τε θοὰς καὶ ληΐδα πολλὴν\nἐντὸς ἔχον ῥύοιτο· θεῶν δʼ ἀέκητι τέτυκτο\nἀθανάτων· τὸ καὶ οὔ τι πολὺν χρόνον ἔμπεδον ἦεν.\nὄφρα μὲν Ἕκτωρ ζωὸς ἔην καὶ μήνιʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nκαὶ Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος ἀπόρθητος πόλις ἔπλεν,\nτόφρα δὲ καὶ μέγα τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν ἔμπεδον ἦεν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μὲν Τρώων θάνον ὅσσοι ἄριστοι,\nπολλοὶ δʼ Ἀργείων οἳ μὲν δάμεν, οἳ δὲ λίποντο,\nπέρθετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις δεκάτῳ ἐνιαυτῷ,\nἈργεῖοι δʼ ἐν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδʼ ἔβησαν,\nδὴ τότε μητιόωντο Ποσειδάων καὶ Ἀπόλλων\nτεῖχος ἀμαλδῦναι ποταμῶν μένος εἰσαγαγόντες.", "en": "So the son of Menoetius was attending to the hurt of Eurypylus within the tent, but the Argives and Trojans still fought desperately, nor were the trench and the high wall above it, to keep the Trojans in check longer. They had built it to protect their ships, and had dug the trench all round it that it might safeguard both the ships and the rich spoils which they had taken, but they had not offered hecatombs to the gods. It had been built without the consent of the immortals, and therefore it did not last. So long as Hector lived and Achilles nursed his anger, and so long as the city of Priam remained untaken, the great wall of the Achaeans stood firm;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.19–33", "orig": "ὅσσοι ἀπʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἅλα δὲ προρέουσι,\nῬῆσός θʼ Ἑπτάπορός τε Κάρησός τε Ῥοδίος τε\nΓρήνικός τε καὶ Αἴσηπος δῖός τε Σκάμανδρος\nκαὶ Σιμόεις, ὅθι πολλὰ βοάγρια καὶ τρυφάλειαι\nκάππεσον ἐν κονίῃσι καὶ ἡμιθέων γένος ἀνδρῶν·\nτῶν πάντων ὁμόσε στόματʼ ἔτραπε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nἐννῆμαρ δʼ ἐς τεῖχος ἵει ῥόον· ὗε δʼ ἄρα Ζεὺς\nσυνεχές, ὄφρά κε θᾶσσον ἁλίπλοα τείχεα θείη.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐννοσίγαιος ἔχων χείρεσσι τρίαιναν\nἡγεῖτʼ, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πάντα θεμείλια κύμασι πέμπε\nφιτρῶν καὶ λάων, τὰ θέσαν μογέοντες Ἀχαιοί,\nλεῖα δʼ ἐποίησεν παρʼ ἀγάρροον Ἑλλήσποντον,\nαὖτις δʼ ἠϊόνα μεγάλην ψαμάθοισι κάλυψε\nτεῖχος ἀμαλδύνας· ποταμοὺς δʼ ἔτρεψε νέεσθαι\nκὰρ ῥόον, ᾗ περ πρόσθεν ἵεν καλλίρροον ὕδωρ.", "en": "but when the bravest of the Trojans were no more, and many also of the Argives, though some were yet left alive, when, moreover, the city was sacked in the tenth year, and the Argives had gone back with their ships to their own country, then Neptune and Apollo took counsel to destroy the wall, and they turned on to it the streams of all the rivers from Mount Ida into the sea, Rhesus, Heptaporus, Caresus, Rhodius, Grenicus, Aesopus, and goodly Scamander, with Simois, where many a shield and helm had fallen, and many a hero of the race of demigods had bitten the dust. Phoebus Apollo turned the mouths of all these rivers together and made them flow for nine days against the wall, while Jove rained the whole time that he might wash it sooner into the sea. Neptune himself, trident in hand, surveyed the work and threw into the sea all the foundations of beams and stones which the Achaeans had laid with so much toil; he made all level by the mighty stream of the Hellespont, and then when he had swept the wall away he spread a great beach of sand over the place where it had been. This done he turned the rivers back into their old courses." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.34–49", "orig": "ὣς ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ὄπισθε Ποσειδάων καὶ Ἀπόλλων\nθησέμεναι· τότε δʼ ἀμφὶ μάχη ἐνοπή τε δεδήει\nτεῖχος ἐΰδμητον, κανάχιζε δὲ δούρατα πύργων\nβαλλόμενʼ· Ἀργεῖοι δὲ Διὸς μάστιγι δαμέντες\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐελμένοι ἰσχανόωντο\nἝκτορα δειδιότες, κρατερὸν μήστωρα φόβοιο·\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὡς τὸ πρόσθεν ἐμάρνατο ἶσος ἀέλλῃ·\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἔν τε κύνεσσι καὶ ἀνδράσι θηρευτῇσι\nκάπριος ἠὲ λέων στρέφεται σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων·\nοἳ δέ τε πυργηδὸν σφέας αὐτοὺς ἀρτύναντες\nἀντίον ἵστανται καὶ ἀκοντίζουσι θαμειὰς\nαἰχμὰς ἐκ χειρῶν· τοῦ δʼ οὔ ποτε κυδάλιμον κῆρ\nταρβεῖ οὐδὲ φοβεῖται, ἀγηνορίη δέ μιν ἔκτα·\nταρφέα τε στρέφεται στίχας ἀνδρῶν πειρητίζων·\nὅππῃ τʼ ἰθύσῃ τῇ εἴκουσι στίχες ἀνδρῶν·\nὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἰὼν ἐλλίσσεθʼ ἑταίρους", "en": "This was what Neptune and Apollo were to do in after time; but as yet battle and turmoil were still raging round the wall till its timbers rang under the blows that rained upon them. The Argives, cowed by the scourge of Jove, were hemmed in at their ships in fear of Hector the mighty minister of Rout, who as heretofore fought with the force and fury of a whirlwind. As a lion or wild boar turns fiercely on the dogs and men that attack him, while these form a solid wall and shower their javelins as they face him, his courage is all undaunted, but his high spirit will be the death of him; many a time does he charge at his pursuers to scatter them, and they fall back as often as he does so, even so did Hector go about among the host exhorting his men, and cheering them on to cross the trench." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.50–62", "orig": "τάφρον ἐποτρύνων διαβαινέμεν· οὐδέ οἱ ἵπποι\nτόλμων ὠκύποδες, μάλα δὲ χρεμέτιζον ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ\nχείλει ἐφεσταότες· ἀπὸ γὰρ δειδίσσετο τάφρος\nεὐρεῖʼ, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερθορέειν σχεδὸν οὔτε περῆσαι\nῥηϊδίη· κρημνοὶ γὰρ ἐπηρεφέες περὶ πᾶσαν\nἕστασαν ἀμφοτέρωθεν, ὕπερθεν δὲ σκολόπεσσιν\nὀξέσιν ἠρήρει, τοὺς ἵστασαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nπυκνοὺς καὶ μεγάλους δηΐων ἀνδρῶν ἀλεωρήν.\nἔνθʼ οὔ κεν ῥέα ἵππος ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα τιταίνων\nἐσβαίη, πεζοὶ δὲ μενοίνεον εἰ τελέουσι.\nδὴ τότε Πουλυδάμας θρασὺν Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστάς·\nἝκτορ τʼ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι Τρώων ἀγοὶ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων\nἀφραδέως διὰ τάφρον ἐλαύνομεν ὠκέας ἵππους·", "en": "But the horses dared not do so, and stood neighing upon its brink, for the width frightened them. They could neither jump it nor cross it, for it had overhanging banks all round upon either side, above which there were the sharp stakes that the sons of the Achaeans had planted so close and strong as a defence against all who would assail it; a horse, therefore, could not get into it and draw his chariot after him, but those who were on foot kept trying their very utmost. Then Polydamas went up to Hector and said, “Hector, and you other captains of the Trojans and allies, it is madness for us to try and drive our horses across the trench; it will be very hard to cross, for it is full of sharp stakes, and beyond these there is the wall." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.63–79", "orig": "ἣ δὲ μάλʼ ἀργαλέη περάαν· σκόλοπες γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ\nὀξέες ἑστᾶσιν, ποτὶ δʼ αὐτοὺς τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν,\nἔνθʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν καταβήμεναι οὐδὲ μάχεσθαι\nἱππεῦσι· στεῖνος γάρ, ὅθι τρώσεσθαι ὀΐω.\nεἰ μὲν γὰρ τοὺς πάγχυ κακὰ φρονέων ἀλαπάζει\nΖεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, Τρώεσσι δὲ ἵετʼ ἀρήγειν,\nἦ τʼ ἂν ἔγωγʼ ἐθέλοιμι καὶ αὐτίκα τοῦτο γενέσθαι,\nνωνύμνους ἀπολέσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιούς·\nεἰ δέ χʼ ὑποστρέψωσι, παλίωξις δὲ γένηται\nἐκ νηῶν καὶ τάφρῳ ἐνιπλήξωμεν ὀρυκτῇ,\nοὐκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ ὀΐω οὐδʼ ἄγγελον ἀπονέεσθαι\nἄψορρον προτὶ ἄστυ ἑλιχθέντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες·\nἵππους μὲν θεράποντες ἐρυκόντων ἐπὶ τάφρῳ,\nαὐτοὶ δὲ πρυλέες σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες\nἝκτορι πάντες ἑπώμεθʼ ἀολλέες· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nοὐ μενέουσʼ εἰ δή σφιν ὀλέθρου πείρατʼ ἐφῆπται.", "en": "Our horses therefore cannot get down into it, and would be of no use if they did; moreover it is a narrow place and we should come to harm. If, indeed, great Jove is minded to help the Trojans, and in his anger will utterly destroy the Achaeans, I would myself gladly see them perish now and here far from Argos; but if they should rally and we are driven back from the ships pell-mell into the trench there will be not so much as a man get back to the city to tell the tale. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; let our squires hold our horses by the trench, but let us follow Hector in a body on foot, clad in full armour, and if the day of their doom is at hand the Achaeans will not be able to withstand us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.80–97", "orig": "ὣς φάτο Πουλυδάμας, ἅδε δʼ Ἕκτορι μῦθος ἀπήμων,\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε.\nοὐδὲ μὲν ἄλλοι Τρῶες ἐφʼ ἵππων ἠγερέθοντο,\nἀλλʼ ἀπὸ πάντες ὄρουσαν, ἐπεὶ ἴδον Ἕκτορα δῖον.\nἡνιόχῳ μὲν ἔπειτα ἑῷ ἐπέτελλεν ἕκαστος\nἵππους εὖ κατὰ κόσμον ἐρυκέμεν αὖθʼ ἐπὶ τάφρῳ·\nοἳ δὲ διαστάντες σφέας αὐτοὺς ἀρτύναντες\nπένταχα κοσμηθέντες ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν ἕποντο.\nοἳ μὲν ἅμʼ Ἕκτορʼ ἴσαν καὶ ἀμύμονι Πουλυδάμαντι,\nοἳ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι ἔσαν, μέμασαν δὲ μάλιστα\nτεῖχος ῥηξάμενοι κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχεσθαι.\nκαί σφιν Κεβριόνης τρίτος εἵπετο· πὰρ δʼ ἄρʼ ὄχεσφιν\nἄλλον Κεβριόναο χερείονα κάλλιπεν Ἕκτωρ.\nτῶν δʼ ἑτέρων Πάρις ἦρχε καὶ Ἀλκάθοος καὶ Ἀγήνωρ,\nτῶν δὲ τρίτων Ἕλενος καὶ Δηΐφοβος θεοειδὴς\nυἷε δύω Πριάμοιο· τρίτος δʼ ἦν Ἄσιος ἥρως\nἌσιος Ὑρτακίδης, ὃν Ἀρίσβηθεν φέρον ἵπποι\nαἴθωνες μεγάλοι ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος.", "en": "Thus spoke Polydamas and his saying pleased Hector, who sprang in full armour to the ground, and all the other Trojans, when they saw him do so, also left their chariots. Each man then gave his horses over to his charioteer in charge to hold them ready for him at the trench. Then they formed themselves into companies, made themselves ready, and in five bodies followed their leaders. Those that went with Hector and Polydamas were the bravest and most in number, and the most determined to break through the wall and fight at the ships. Cebriones was also joined with them as third in command, for Hector had left his chariot in charge of a less valiant soldier. The next company was led by Paris, Alcathous, and Agenor; the third by Helenus and Deiphobus, two sons of Priam, and with them was the hero Asius, Asius, the son of Hyrtacus, whose great black horses of the breed that comes from the river Selleis had brought him from Arisbe." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.98–117", "orig": "τῶν δὲ τετάρτων ἦρχεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο\nΑἰνείας, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω Ἀντήνορος υἷε\nἈρχέλοχός τʼ Ἀκάμας τε μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης.\nΣαρπηδὼν δʼ ἡγήσατʼ ἀγακλειτῶν ἐπικούρων,\nπρὸς δʼ ἕλετο Γλαῦκον καὶ ἀρήϊον Ἀστεροπαῖον·\nοἳ γάρ οἱ εἴσαντο διακριδὸν εἶναι ἄριστοι\nτῶν ἄλλων μετά γʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ἔπρεπε καὶ διὰ πάντων.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἀλλήλους ἄραρον τυκτῇσι βόεσσι\nβάν ῥʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν λελιημένοι, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔφαντο\nσχήσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέεσθαι.\nἔνθʼ ἄλλοι Τρῶες τηλεκλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι\nβουλῇ Πουλυδάμαντος ἀμωμήτοιο πίθοντο·\nἀλλʼ οὐχ Ὑρτακίδης ἔθελʼ Ἄσιος ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν\nαὖθι λιπεῖν ἵππους τε καὶ ἡνίοχον θεράποντα,\nἀλλὰ σὺν αὐτοῖσιν πέλασεν νήεσσι θοῇσι\nνήπιος, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλε κακὰς ὑπὸ κῆρας ἀλύξας\nἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν ἀγαλλόμενος παρὰ νηῶν\nἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν·\nπρόσθεν γάρ μιν μοῖρα δυσώνυμος ἀμφεκάλυψεν\nἔγχεϊ Ἰδομενῆος ἀγαυοῦ Δευκαλίδαο.", "en": "Aeneas, the valiant son of Anchises, led the fourth; he and the two sons of Antenor, Archelochus and Acamas, men well versed in all the arts of war. Sarpedon was captain over the allies, and took with him Glaucus and Asteropaeus whom he deemed most valiant after himself, for he was far the best man of them all. These helped to array one another in their ox-hide shields, and then charged straight at the Danaans, for they felt sure that they would not hold out longer and that they should themselves now fall upon the ships.\nThe rest of the Trojans and their allies now followed the counsel of Polydamas but Asius, son of Hyrtacus, would not leave his horses and his esquire behind him; in his foolhardiness he took them on with him towards the ships, nor did he fail to come by his end in consequence. Nevermore was he to return to wind-beaten Ilius, exulting in his chariot and his horses; ere he could do so, death of ill-omened name had overshadowed him and he had fallen by the spear of Idomeneus the noble son of Deucalion." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.118–136", "orig": "εἴσατο γὰρ νηῶν ἐπʼ ἀριστερά, τῇ περ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐκ πεδίου νίσοντο σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφι·\nτῇ ῥʼ ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρμα διήλασεν, οὐδὲ πύλῃσιν\nεὗρʼ ἐπικεκλιμένας σανίδας καὶ μακρὸν ὀχῆα,\nἀλλʼ ἀναπεπταμένας ἔχον ἀνέρες, εἴ τινʼ ἑταίρων\nἐκ πολέμου φεύγοντα σαώσειαν μετὰ νῆας.\nτῇ ῥʼ ἰθὺς φρονέων ἵππους ἔχε, τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο\nὀξέα κεκλήγοντες· ἔφαντο γὰρ οὐκ ἔτʼ Ἀχαιοὺς\nσχήσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέεσθαι\nνήπιοι, ἐν δὲ πύλῃσι δύʼ ἀνέρας εὗρον ἀρίστους\nυἷας ὑπερθύμους Λαπιθάων αἰχμητάων,\nτὸν μὲν Πειριθόου υἷα κρατερὸν Πολυποίτην,\nτὸν δὲ Λεοντῆα βροτολοιγῷ ἶσον Ἄρηϊ.\nτὼ μὲν ἄρα προπάροιθε πυλάων ὑψηλάων\nἕστασαν ὡς ὅτε τε δρύες οὔρεσιν ὑψικάρηνοι,\nαἵ τʼ ἄνεμον μίμνουσι καὶ ὑετὸν ἤματα πάντα\nῥίζῃσιν μεγάλῃσι διηνεκέεσσʼ ἀραρυῖαι·\nὣς ἄρα τὼ χείρεσσι πεποιθότες ἠδὲ βίηφι\nμίμνον ἐπερχόμενον μέγαν Ἄσιον οὐδὲ φέβοντο.", "en": "He had driven towards the left wing of the ships, by which way the Achaeans used to return with their chariots and horses from the plain. Hither he drove and found the gates with their doors opened wide, and the great bar down, for the gatemen kept them open so as to let those of their comrades enter who might be flying towards the ships. Hither of set purpose did he direct his horses, and his men followed him with a loud cry, for they felt sure that the Achaeans would not hold out longer, and that they should now fall upon the ships. Little did they know that at the gates they should find two of the bravest chieftains, proud sons of the fighting Lapithae, the one, Polypoetes, mighty son of Pirithous, and the other Leonteus, peer of murderous Mars. These stood before the gates like two high oak trees upon the mountains, that tower from their wide-spreading roots, and year after year battle with wind and rain, even so did these two men await the onset of great Asius confidently and without flinching." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.137–153", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς πρὸς τεῖχος ἐΰδμητον βόας αὔας\nὑψόσʼ ἀνασχόμενοι ἔκιον μεγάλῳ ἀλαλητῷ\nἌσιον ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα καὶ Ἰαμενὸν καὶ Ὀρέστην\nἈσιάδην τʼ Ἀδάμαντα Θόωνά τε Οἰνόμαόν τε.\nοἳ δʼ ἤτοι εἷος μὲν ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιοὺς\nὄρνυον ἔνδον ἐόντες ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ νηῶν·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῖχος ἐπεσσυμένους ἐνόησαν\nΤρῶας, ἀτὰρ Δαναῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φόβος τε,\nἐκ δὲ τὼ ἀΐξαντε πυλάων πρόσθε μαχέσθην\nἀγροτέροισι σύεσσιν ἐοικότε, τώ τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσιν\nἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ κυνῶν δέχαται κολοσυρτὸν ἰόντα,\nδοχμώ τʼ ἀΐσσοντε περὶ σφίσιν ἄγνυτον ὕλην\nπρυμνὴν ἐκτάμνοντες, ὑπαὶ δέ τε κόμπος ὀδόντων\nγίγνεται εἰς ὅ κέ τίς τε βαλὼν ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται·\nὣς τῶν κόμπει χαλκὸς ἐπὶ στήθεσσι φαεινὸς\nἄντην βαλλομένων· μάλα γὰρ κρατερῶς ἐμάχοντο\nλαοῖσιν καθύπερθε πεποιθότες ἠδὲ βίηφιν.", "en": "The Trojans led by him and by Iamenus, Orestes, Adamas the son of Asius, Thoon and Oenomaus, raised a loud cry of battle and made straight for the wall, holding their shields of dry ox-hide above their heads; for a while the two defenders remained inside and cheered the Achaeans on to stand firm in the defence of their ships; when, however, they saw that the Trojans were attacking the wall, while the Danaans were crying out for help and being routed, they rushed outside and fought in front of the gates like two wild boars upon the mountains that abide the attack of men and dogs, and charging on either side break down the wood all round them tearing it up by the roots, and one can hear the clattering of their tusks, till some one hits them and makes an end of them, even so did the gleaming bronze rattle about their breasts, as the weapons fell upon them; for they fought with great fury, trusting to their own prowess and to those who were on the wall above them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.154–166", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἄρα χερμαδίοισιν ἐϋδμήτων ἀπὸ πύργων\nβάλλον ἀμυνόμενοι σφῶν τʼ αὐτῶν καὶ κλισιάων\nνηῶν τʼ ὠκυπόρων· νιφάδες δʼ ὡς πῖπτον ἔραζε,\nἅς τʼ ἄνεμος ζαὴς νέφεα σκιόεντα δονήσας\nταρφειὰς κατέχευεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ·\nὣς τῶν ἐκ χειρῶν βέλεα ῥέον ἠμὲν Ἀχαιῶν\nἠδὲ καὶ ἐκ Τρώων· κόρυθες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὖον ἀΰτευν\nβαλλομένων μυλάκεσσι καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι.\nδή ῥα τότʼ ᾤμωξεν καὶ ὣ πεπλήγετο μηρὼ\nἌσιος Ὑρτακίδης, καὶ ἀλαστήσας ἔπος ηὔδα·\nΖεῦ πάτερ ἦ ῥά νυ καὶ σὺ φιλοψευδὴς ἐτέτυξο\nπάγχυ μάλʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην ἥρωας Ἀχαιοὺς\nσχήσειν ἡμέτερόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους.", "en": "These threw great stones at their assailants in defence of themselves their tents and their ships. The stones fell thick as the flakes of snow which some fierce blast drives from the dark clouds and showers down in sheets upon the earth, even so fell the weapons from the hands alike of Trojans and Achaeans. Helmet and shield rang out as the great stones rained upon them, and Asius, the son of Hyrtacus, in his dismay cried aloud and smote his two thighs. “Father Jove,” he cried, “of a truth you too are altogether given to lying." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.167–181", "orig": "οἳ δʼ, ὥς τε σφῆκες μέσον αἰόλοι ἠὲ μέλισσαι\nοἰκία ποιήσωνται ὁδῷ ἔπι παιπαλοέσσῃ,\nοὐδʼ ἀπολείπουσιν κοῖλον δόμον, ἀλλὰ μένοντες\nἄνδρας θηρητῆρας ἀμύνονται περὶ τέκνων,\nὣς οἵ γʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσι πυλάων καὶ δύʼ ἐόντε\nχάσσασθαι πρίν γʼ ἠὲ κατακτάμεν ἠὲ ἁλῶναι.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδὲ Διὸς πεῖθε φρένα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύων·\nἝκτορι γάρ οἱ θυμὸς ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι.\nἄλλοι δʼ ἀμφʼ ἄλλῃσι μάχην ἐμάχοντο πύλῃσιν·\nἀργαλέον δέ με ταῦτα θεὸν ὣς πάντʼ ἀγορεῦσαι·\nπάντῃ γὰρ περὶ τεῖχος ὀρώρει θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ\nλάϊνον· Ἀργεῖοι δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ\nνηῶν ἠμύνοντο· θεοὶ δʼ ἀκαχήατο θυμὸν\nπάντες ὅσοι Δαναοῖσι μάχης ἐπιτάρροθοι ἦσαν.\nσὺν δʼ ἔβαλον Λαπίθαι πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα.", "en": "I made sure the Argive heroes could not withstand us, whereas like slim-waisted wasps, or bees that have their nests in the rocks by the wayside, they leave not the holes wherein they have built undefended, but fight for their little ones against all who would take them, even so these men, though they be but two, will not be driven from the gates, but stand firm either to slay or be slain.”\nHe spoke, but moved not the mind of Jove, whose counsel it then was to give glory to Hector. Meanwhile the rest of the Trojans were fighting about the other gates; I, however, am no god to be able to tell about all these things, for the battle raged everywhere about the stone wall as it were a fiery furnace. The Argives, discomfited though they were, were forced to defend their ships, and all the gods who were defending the Achaeans were vexed in spirit; but the Lapithae kept on fighting with might and main." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.182–194", "orig": "ἔνθʼ αὖ Πειριθόου υἱὸς κρατερὸς Πολυποίτης\nδουρὶ βάλεν Δάμασον κυνέης διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου·\nοὐδʼ ἄρα χαλκείη κόρυς ἔσχεθεν, ἀλλὰ διὰ πρὸ\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη ῥῆξʼ ὀστέον, ἐγκέφαλος δὲ\nἔνδον ἅπας πεπάλακτο· δάμασσε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα·\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Πύλωνα καὶ Ὄρμενον ἐξενάριξεν.\nυἱὸν δʼ Ἀντιμάχοιο Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος\nἹππόμαχον βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ ζωστῆρα τυχήσας.\nαὖτις δʼ ἐκ κολεοῖο ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ὀξὺ\nἈντιφάτην μὲν πρῶτον ἐπαΐξας διʼ ὁμίλου\nπλῆξʼ αὐτοσχεδίην· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ὕπτιος οὔδει ἐρείσθη·\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτα Μένωνα καὶ Ἰαμενὸν καὶ Ὀρέστην\nπάντας ἐπασσυτέρους πέλασε χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ.", "en": "Thereon Polypoetes, mighty son of Pirithous, hit Damasus with a spear upon his cheek-pierced helmet. The helmet did not protect him, for the point of the spear went through it, and broke the bone, so that the brain inside was scattered about, and he died fighting. He then slew Pylon and Ormenus. Leonteus, of the race of Mars, killed Hippomachus the son of Antimachus by striking him with his spear upon the girdle. He then drew his sword and sprang first upon Antiphates whom he killed in combat, and who fell face upwards on the earth. After him he killed Menon, Iamenus, and Orestes, and laid them low one after the other." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.195–210", "orig": "ὄφρʼ οἳ τοὺς ἐνάριζον ἀπʼ ἔντεα μαρμαίροντα,\nτόφρʼ οἳ Πουλυδάμαντι καὶ Ἕκτορι κοῦροι ἕποντο,\nοἳ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι ἔσαν, μέμασαν δὲ μάλιστα\nτεῖχός τε ῥήξειν καὶ ἐνιπρήσειν πυρὶ νῆας,\nοἵ ῥʼ ἔτι μερμήριζον ἐφεσταότες παρὰ τάφρῳ.\nὄρνις γάρ σφιν ἐπῆλθε περησέμεναι μεμαῶσιν\nαἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ λαὸν ἐέργων\nφοινήεντα δράκοντα φέρων ὀνύχεσσι πέλωρον\nζωὸν ἔτʼ ἀσπαίροντα, καὶ οὔ πω λήθετο χάρμης,\nκόψε γὰρ αὐτὸν ἔχοντα κατὰ στῆθος παρὰ δειρὴν\nἰδνωθεὶς ὀπίσω· ὃ δʼ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ἧκε χαμᾶζε\nἀλγήσας ὀδύνῃσι, μέσῳ δʼ ἐνὶ κάββαλʼ ὁμίλῳ,\nαὐτὸς δὲ κλάγξας πέτετο πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο.\nΤρῶες δʼ ἐρρίγησαν ὅπως ἴδον αἰόλον ὄφιν\nκείμενον ἐν μέσσοισι Διὸς τέρας αἰγιόχοιο.\nδὴ τότε Πουλυδάμας θρασὺν Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστάς·", "en": "While they were busy stripping the armour from these heroes, the youths who were led on by Polydamas and Hector (and these were the greater part and the most valiant of those that were trying to break through the wall and fire the ships) were still standing by the trench, uncertain what they should do; for they had seen a sign from heaven when they had essayed to cross it, a soaring eagle that flew skirting the left wing of their host, with a monstrous blood-red snake in its talons still alive and struggling to escape. The snake was still bent on revenge, wriggling and twisting itself backwards till it struck the bird that held it, on the neck and breast; whereon the bird being in pain, let it fall, dropping it into the middle of the host, and then flew down the wind with a sharp cry." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.211–229", "orig": "Ἕκτορ ἀεὶ μέν πώς μοι ἐπιπλήσσεις ἀγορῇσιν\nἐσθλὰ φραζομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ ἔοικε\nδῆμον ἐόντα παρὲξ ἀγορευέμεν, οὔτʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ\nοὔτέ ποτʼ ἐν πολέμῳ, σὸν δὲ κράτος αἰὲν ἀέξειν·\nνῦν αὖτʼ ἐξερέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα.\nμὴ ἴομεν Δαναοῖσι μαχησόμενοι περὶ νηῶν.\nὧδε γὰρ ἐκτελέεσθαι ὀΐομαι, εἰ ἐτεόν γε\nΤρωσὶν ὅδʼ ὄρνις ἦλθε περησέμεναι μεμαῶσιν\nαἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ λαὸν ἐέργων\nφοινήεντα δράκοντα φέρων ὀνύχεσσι πέλωρον\nζωόν· ἄφαρ δʼ ἀφέηκε πάρος φίλα οἰκίʼ ἱκέσθαι,\nοὐδʼ ἐτέλεσσε φέρων δόμεναι τεκέεσσιν ἑοῖσιν.\nὣς ἡμεῖς, εἴ πέρ τε πύλας καὶ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν\nῥηξόμεθα σθένεϊ μεγάλῳ, εἴξωσι δʼ Ἀχαιοί,\nοὐ κόσμῳ παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθʼ αὐτὰ κέλευθα·\nπολλοὺς γὰρ Τρώων καταλείψομεν, οὕς κεν Ἀχαιοὶ\nχαλκῷ δῃώσωσιν ἀμυνόμενοι περὶ νηῶν.\nὧδέ χʼ ὑποκρίναιτο θεοπρόπος, ὃς σάφα θυμῷ\nεἰδείη τεράων καί οἱ πειθοίατο λαοί.", "en": "The Trojans were struck with terror when they saw the snake, portent of aegis-bearing Jove, writhing in the midst of them, and Polydamas went up to Hector and said, “Hector, at our councils of war you are ever given to rebuke me, even when I speak wisely, as though it were not well, forsooth, that one of the people should cross your will either in the field or at the council board; you would have them support you always: nevertheless I will say what I think will be best; let us not now go on to fight the Danaans at their ships, for I know what will happen if this soaring eagle which skirted the left wing of our host with a monstrous blood-red snake in its talons (the snake being still alive) was really sent as an omen to the Trojans on their essaying to cross the trench. The eagle let go her hold; she did not succeed in taking it home to her little ones, and so will it be, with ourselves; even though by a mighty effort we break through the gates and wall of the Achaeans, and they give way before us, still we shall not return in good order by the way we came, but shall leave many a man behind us whom the Achaeans will do to death in defence of their ships. Thus would any seer who was expert in these matters, and was trusted by the people, read the portent.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.230–250", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΠουλυδάμα, σὺ μὲν οὐκ ἔτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις·\nοἶσθα καὶ ἄλλον μῦθον ἀμείνονα τοῦδε νοῆσαι.\nεἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν δὴ τοῦτον ἀπὸ σπουδῆς ἀγορεύεις,\nἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπειτα θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεσαν αὐτοί,\nὃς κέλεαι Ζηνὸς μὲν ἐριγδούποιο λαθέσθαι\nβουλέων, ἅς τέ μοι αὐτὸς ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσε·\nτύνη δʼ οἰωνοῖσι τανυπτερύγεσσι κελεύεις\nπείθεσθαι, τῶν οὔ τι μετατρέπομʼ οὐδʼ ἀλεγίζω\nεἴτʼ ἐπὶ δεξίʼ ἴωσι πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε,\nεἴτʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ τοί γε ποτὶ ζόφον ἠερόεντα.\nἡμεῖς δὲ μεγάλοιο Διὸς πειθώμεθα βουλῇ,\nὃς πᾶσι θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσει.\nεἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης.\nτίπτε σὺ δείδοικας πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα;\nεἴ περ γάρ τʼ ἄλλοι γε περὶ κτεινώμεθα πάντες\nνηυσὶν ἐπʼ Ἀργείων, σοὶ δʼ οὐ δέος ἔστʼ ἀπολέσθαι·\nοὐ γάρ τοι κραδίη μενεδήϊος οὐδὲ μαχήμων.\nεἰ δὲ σὺ δηϊοτῆτος ἀφέξεαι, ἠέ τινʼ ἄλλον\nπαρφάμενος ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρέψεις πολέμοιο,\nαὐτίκʼ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσεις.", "en": "Hector looked fiercely at him and said, “Polydamas, I like not of your reading. You can find a better saying than this if you will. If, however, you have spoken in good earnest, then indeed has heaven robbed you of your reason. You would have me pay no heed to the counsels of Jove, nor to the promises he made me, and he bowed his head in confirmation; you bid me be ruled rather by the flight of wild-fowl. What care I whether they fly towards dawn or dark, and whether they be on my right hand or on my left? Let us put our trust rather in the counsel of great Jove, king of mortals and immortals. There is one omen, and one only, that a man should fight for his country. Why are you so fearful? Though we be all of us slain at the ships of the Argives you are not likely to be killed yourself, for you are not steadfast nor courageous. If you will not fight, or would talk others over from doing so, you shall fall forthwith before my spear.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.251–264", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἡγήσατο, τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο\nἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ· ἐπὶ δὲ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος\nὦρσεν ἀπʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἀνέμοιο θύελλαν,\nἥ ῥʼ ἰθὺς νηῶν κονίην φέρεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιῶν\nθέλγε νόον, Τρωσὶν δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὄπαζε.\nτοῦ περ δὴ τεράεσσι πεποιθότες ἠδὲ βίηφι\nῥήγνυσθαι μέγα τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν πειρήτιζον.\nκρόσσας μὲν πύργων ἔρυον, καὶ ἔρειπον ἐπάλξεις,\nστήλας τε προβλῆτας ἐμόχλεον, ἃς ἄρʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nπρώτας ἐν γαίῃ θέσαν ἔμμεναι ἔχματα πύργων.\nτὰς οἵ γʼ αὐέρυον, ἔλποντο δὲ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν\nῥήξειν· οὐδέ νύ πω Δαναοὶ χάζοντο κελεύθου,\nἀλλʼ οἵ γε ῥινοῖσι βοῶν φράξαντες ἐπάλξεις\nβάλλον ἀπʼ αὐτάων δηΐους ὑπὸ τεῖχος ἰόντας.", "en": "With these words he led the way, and the others followed after with a cry that rent the air. Then Jove the lord of thunder sent the blast of a mighty wind from the mountains of Ida, that bore the dust down towards the ships; he thus lulled the Achaeans into security, and gave victory to Hector and to the Trojans, who, trusting to their own might and to the signs he had shown them, essayed to break through the great wall of the Achaeans. They tore down the breastworks from the walls, and overthrew the battlements; they upheaved the buttresses, which the Achaeans had set in front of the wall in order to support it; when they had pulled these down they made sure of breaking through the wall, but the Danaans still showed no sign of giving ground; they still fenced the battlements with their shields of ox-hide, and hurled their missiles down upon the foe as soon as any came below the wall." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.265–276", "orig": "ἀμφοτέρω δʼ Αἴαντε κελευτιόωντʼ ἐπὶ πύργων\nπάντοσε φοιτήτην μένος ὀτρύνοντες Ἀχαιῶν.\nἄλλον μειλιχίοις, ἄλλον στερεοῖς ἐπέεσσι\nνείκεον, ὅν τινα πάγχυ μάχης μεθιέντα ἴδοιεν·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ὅς τʼ ἔξοχος ὅς τε μεσήεις\nὅς τε χερειότερος, ἐπεὶ οὔ πω πάντες ὁμοῖοι\nἀνέρες ἐν πολέμῳ, νῦν ἔπλετο ἔργον ἅπασι·\nκαὶ δʼ αὐτοὶ τόδε που γιγνώσκετε. μή τις ὀπίσσω\nτετράφθω ποτὶ νῆας ὁμοκλητῆρος ἀκούσας,\nἀλλὰ πρόσω ἵεσθε καὶ ἀλλήλοισι κέλεσθε,\nαἴ κε Ζεὺς δώῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος ἀστεροπητὴς\nνεῖκος ἀπωσαμένους δηΐους προτὶ ἄστυ δίεσθαι.", "en": "The two Ajaxes went about everywhere on the walls cheering on the Achaeans, giving fair words to some while they spoke sharply to any one whom they saw to be remiss. “My friends,” they cried, “Argives one and all, good bad and indifferent, for there was never fight yet, in which all were of equal prowess, there is now work enough, as you very well know, for all of you. See that you none of you turn in flight towards the ships, daunted by the shouting of the foe, but press forward and keep one another in heart, if it may so be that Olympian Jove the lord of lightning will vouchsafe us to repel our foes, and drive them back towards the city.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.277–289", "orig": "ὣς τώ γε προβοῶντε μάχην ὄτρυνον Ἀχαιῶν.\nτῶν δʼ, ὥς τε νιφάδες χιόνος πίπτωσι θαμειαὶ\nἤματι χειμερίῳ, ὅτε τʼ ὤρετο μητίετα Ζεὺς\nνιφέμεν ἀνθρώποισι πιφαυσκόμενος τὰ ἃ κῆλα·\nκοιμήσας δʼ ἀνέμους χέει ἔμπεδον, ὄφρα καλύψῃ\nὑψηλῶν ὀρέων κορυφὰς καὶ πρώονας ἄκρους\nκαὶ πεδία λωτοῦντα καὶ ἀνδρῶν πίονα ἔργα,\nκαί τʼ ἐφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς κέχυται λιμέσιν τε καὶ ἀκταῖς,\nκῦμα δέ μιν προσπλάζον ἐρύκεται· ἄλλά τε πάντα\nεἴλυται καθύπερθʼ, ὅτʼ ἐπιβρίσῃ Διὸς ὄμβρος·\nὣς τῶν ἀμφοτέρωσε λίθοι πωτῶντο θαμειαί,\nαἱ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐς Τρῶας, αἱ δʼ ἐκ Τρώων ἐς Ἀχαιούς,\nβαλλομένων· τὸ δὲ τεῖχος ὕπερ πᾶν δοῦπος ὀρώρει.", "en": "Thus did the two go about shouting and cheering the Achaeans on. As the flakes that fall thick upon a winter’s day, when Jove is minded to snow and to display these his arrows to mankind, he lulls the wind to rest, and snows hour after hour till he has buried the tops of the high mountains, the headlands that jut into the sea, the grassy plains, and the tilled fields of men; the snow lies deep upon the forelands, and havens of the grey sea, but the waves as they come rolling in stay it that it can come no further, though all else is wrapped as with a mantle, so heavy are the heavens with snow, even thus thickly did the stones fall on one side and on the other, some thrown at the Trojans, and some by the Trojans at the Achaeans; and the whole wall was in an uproar." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.290–308", "orig": "οὐδʼ ἄν πω τότε γε Τρῶες καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nτείχεος ἐρρήξαντο πύλας καὶ μακρὸν ὀχῆα,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ υἱὸν ἑὸν Σαρπηδόνα μητίετα Ζεὺς\nὦρσεν ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισι λέονθʼ ὣς βουσὶν ἕλιξιν.\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἀσπίδα μὲν πρόσθʼ ἔσχετο πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην\nκαλὴν χαλκείην ἐξήλατον, ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς\nἤλασεν, ἔντοσθεν δὲ βοείας ῥάψε θαμειὰς\nχρυσείῃς ῥάβδοισι διηνεκέσιν περὶ κύκλον.\nτὴν ἄρʼ ὅ γε πρόσθε σχόμενος δύο δοῦρε τινάσσων\nβῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ὥς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος, ὅς τʼ ἐπιδευὴς\nδηρὸν ἔῃ κρειῶν, κέλεται δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nμήλων πειρήσοντα καὶ ἐς πυκινὸν δόμον ἐλθεῖν·\nεἴ περ γάρ χʼ εὕρῃσι παρʼ αὐτόφι βώτορας ἄνδρας\nσὺν κυσὶ καὶ δούρεσσι φυλάσσοντας περὶ μῆλα,\nοὔ ῥά τʼ ἀπείρητος μέμονε σταθμοῖο δίεσθαι,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἢ ἥρπαξε μετάλμενος, ἠὲ καὶ αὐτὸς\nἔβλητʼ ἐν πρώτοισι θοῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἄκοντι·\nὥς ῥα τότʼ ἀντίθεον Σαρπηδόνα θυμὸς ἀνῆκε\nτεῖχος ἐπαΐξαι διά τε ῥήξασθαι ἐπάλξεις.", "en": "Still the Trojans and brave Hector would not yet have broken down the gates and the great bar, had not Jove turned his son Sarpedon against the Argives as a lion against a herd of horned cattle. Before him he held his shield of hammered bronze, that the smith had beaten so fair and round, and had lined with ox-hides which he had made fast with rivets of gold all round the shield; this he held in front of him, and brandishing his two spears came on like some lion of the wilderness, who has been long famished for want of meat and will dare break even into a well-fenced homestead to try and get at the sheep. He may find the shepherds keeping watch over their flocks with dogs and spears, but he is in no mind to be driven from the fold till he has had a try for it; he will either spring on a sheep and carry it off, or be hit by a spear from some strong hand, even so was Sarpedon fain to attack the wall and break down its battlements." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.309–328", "orig": "αὐτίκα δὲ Γλαῦκον προσέφη παῖδʼ Ἱππολόχοιο·\nΓλαῦκε τί ἢ δὴ νῶϊ τετιμήμεσθα μάλιστα\nἕδρῃ τε κρέασίν τε ἰδὲ πλείοις δεπάεσσιν\nἐν Λυκίῃ, πάντες δὲ θεοὺς ὣς εἰσορόωσι,\nκαὶ τέμενος νεμόμεσθα μέγα Ξάνθοιο παρʼ ὄχθας\nκαλὸν φυταλιῆς καὶ ἀρούρης πυροφόροιο;\nτὼ νῦν χρὴ Λυκίοισι μέτα πρώτοισιν ἐόντας\nἑστάμεν ἠδὲ μάχης καυστείρης ἀντιβολῆσαι,\nὄφρά τις ὧδʼ εἴπῃ Λυκίων πύκα θωρηκτάων·\nοὐ μὰν ἀκλεέες Λυκίην κάτα κοιρανέουσιν\nἡμέτεροι βασιλῆες, ἔδουσί τε πίονα μῆλα\nοἶνόν τʼ ἔξαιτον μελιηδέα· ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ ἲς\nἐσθλή, ἐπεὶ Λυκίοισι μέτα πρώτοισι μάχονται.\nὦ πέπον εἰ μὲν γὰρ πόλεμον περὶ τόνδε φυγόντε\nαἰεὶ δὴ μέλλοιμεν ἀγήρω τʼ ἀθανάτω τε\nἔσσεσθʼ, οὔτέ κεν αὐτὸς ἐνὶ πρώτοισι μαχοίμην\nοὔτέ κε σὲ στέλλοιμι μάχην ἐς κυδιάνειραν·\nνῦν δʼ ἔμπης γὰρ κῆρες ἐφεστᾶσιν θανάτοιο\nμυρίαι, ἃς οὐκ ἔστι φυγεῖν βροτὸν οὐδʼ ὑπαλύξαι,\nἴομεν ἠέ τῳ εὖχος ὀρέξομεν ἠέ τις ἡμῖν.", "en": "Then he said to Glaucus son of Hippolochus, “Glaucus, why in Lycia do we receive especial honour as regards our place at table? Why are the choicest portions served us and our cups kept brimming, and why do men look up to us as though we were gods? Moreover we hold a large estate by the banks of the river Xanthus, fair with orchard lawns and wheat-growing land; it becomes us, therefore, to take our stand at the head of all the Lycians and bear the brunt of the fight, that one may say to another, ‘Our princes in Lycia eat the fat of the land and drink best of wine, but they are fine fellows; they fight well and are ever at the front in battle.’ My good friend, if, when we were once out of this fight, we could escape old age and death thenceforward and forever, I should neither press forward myself nor bid you do so, but death in ten thousand shapes hangs ever over our heads, and no man can elude him; therefore let us go forward and either win glory for ourselves, or yield it to another.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.329–350", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδὲ Γλαῦκος ἀπετράπετʼ οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε·\nτὼ δʼ ἰθὺς βήτην Λυκίων μέγα ἔθνος ἄγοντε.\nτοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν ῥίγησʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς·\nτοῦ γὰρ δὴ πρὸς πύργον ἴσαν κακότητα φέροντες.\nπάπτηνεν δʼ ἀνὰ πύργον Ἀχαιῶν εἴ τινʼ ἴδοιτο\nἡγεμόνων, ὅς τίς οἱ ἀρὴν ἑτάροισιν ἀμύναι·\nἐς δʼ ἐνόησʼ Αἴαντε δύω πολέμου ἀκορήτω\nἑσταότας, Τεῦκρόν τε νέον κλισίηθεν ἰόντα\nἐγγύθεν· ἀλλʼ οὔ πώς οἱ ἔην βώσαντι γεγωνεῖν·\nτόσσος γὰρ κτύπος ἦεν, ἀϋτὴ δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκε,\nβαλλομένων σακέων τε καὶ ἱπποκόμων τρυφαλειῶν\nκαὶ πυλέων· πᾶσαι γὰρ ἐπώχατο, τοὶ δὲ κατʼ αὐτὰς\nἱστάμενοι πειρῶντο βίῃ ῥήξαντες ἐσελθεῖν.\nαἶψα δʼ ἐπʼ Αἴαντα προΐει κήρυκα Θοώτην·\nἔρχεο δῖε Θοῶτα, θέων Αἴαντα κάλεσσον,\nἀμφοτέρω μὲν μᾶλλον· ὃ γάρ κʼ ὄχʼ ἄριστον ἁπάντων\nεἴη, ἐπεὶ τάχα τῇδε τετεύξεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.\nὧδε γὰρ ἔβρισαν Λυκίων ἀγοί, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ\nζαχρηεῖς τελέθουσι κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας.\nεἰ δέ σφιν καὶ κεῖθι πόνος καὶ νεῖκος ὄρωρεν,\nἀλλά περ οἶος ἴτω Τελαμώνιος ἄλκιμος Αἴας,\nκαί οἱ Τεῦκρος ἅμα σπέσθω τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς.", "en": "Glaucus heeded his saying, and the pair forthwith led on the host of Lycians. Menestheus son of Peteos was dismayed when he saw them, for it was against his part of the wall that they came, bringing destruction with them; he looked along the wall for some chieftain to support his comrades and saw the two Ajaxes, men ever eager for the fray, and Teucer, who had just come from his tent, standing near them; but he could not make his voice heard by shouting to them, so great an uproar was there from crashing shields and helmets and the battering of gates with a din which reached the skies. For all the gates had been closed, and the Trojans were hammering at them to try and break their way through them. Menestheus, therefore, sent Thootes with a message to Ajax. “Run, good Thootes,” he said, “and call Ajax, or better still bid both come, for it will be all over with us here directly; the leaders of the Lycians are upon us, men who have ever fought desperately heretofore. But if they have too much on their hands to let them come, at any rate let Ajax son of Telamon do so, and let Teucer, the famous bowman, come with him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.351–369", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα οἱ κῆρυξ ἀπίθησεν ἀκούσας,\nβῆ δὲ θέειν παρὰ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων,\nστῆ δὲ παρʼ Αἰάντεσσι κιών, εἶθαρ δὲ προσηύδα·\nΑἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε χαλκοχιτώνων\nἠνώγει Πετεῶο διοτρεφέος φίλος υἱὸς\nκεῖσʼ ἴμεν, ὄφρα πόνοιο μίνυνθά περ ἀντιάσητον\nἀμφοτέρω μὲν μᾶλλον· ὃ γάρ κʼ ὄχʼ ἄριστον ἁπάντων\nεἴη, ἐπεὶ τάχα κεῖθι τετεύξεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος·\nὧδε γὰρ ἔβρισαν Λυκίων ἀγοί, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ\nζαχρηεῖς τελέθουσι κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας.\nεἰ δὲ καὶ ἐνθάδε περ πόλεμος καὶ νεῖκος ὄρωρεν,\nἀλλά περ οἶος ἴτω Τελαμώνιος ἄλκιμος Αἴας,\nκαί οἱ Τεῦκρος ἅμα σπέσθω τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας.\nαὐτίκʼ Ὀϊλιάδην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΑἶαν σφῶϊ μὲν αὖθι, σὺ καὶ κρατερὸς Λυκομήδης,\nἑσταότες Δαναοὺς ὀτρύνετον ἶφι μάχεσθαι·\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κεῖσʼ εἶμι καὶ ἀντιόω πολέμοιο·\nαἶψα δʼ ἐλεύσομαι αὖτις, ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπαμύνω.", "en": "The messenger did as he was told, and set off running along the wall of the Achaeans. When he reached the Ajaxes he said to them, “Sirs, princes of the Argives, the son of noble Peteos bids you come to him for a while and help him. You had better both come if you can, or it will be all over with him directly; the leaders of the Lycians are upon him, men who have ever fought desperately heretofore; if you have too much on your hands to let both come, at any rate let Ajax, son of Telamon, do so, and let Teucer, the famous bowman, come with him.”\nGreat Ajax son of Telamon heeded the message, and at once spoke to the son of Oileus. “Ajax,” said he, “do you two, yourself and brave Lycomedes, stay here and keep the Danaans in heart to fight their hardest. I will go over yonder, and bear my part in the fray, but I will come back here at once as soon as I have given them the help they need.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.370–386", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,\nκαί οἱ Τεῦκρος ἅμʼ ᾖε κασίγνητος καὶ ὄπατρος·\nτοῖς δʼ ἅμα Πανδίων Τεύκρου φέρε καμπύλα τόξα.\nεὖτε Μενεσθῆος μεγαθύμου πύργον ἵκοντο\nτείχεος ἐντὸς ἰόντες, ἐπειγομένοισι δʼ ἵκοντο,\nοἳ δʼ ἐπʼ ἐπάλξεις βαῖνον ἐρεμνῇ λαίλαπι ἶσοι\nἴφθιμοι Λυκίων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες·\nσὺν δʼ ἐβάλοντο μάχεσθαι ἐναντίον, ὦρτο δʼ ἀϋτή.\nΑἴας δὲ πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος ἄνδρα κατέκτα\nΣαρπήδοντος ἑταῖρον Ἐπικλῆα μεγάθυμον\nμαρμάρῳ ὀκριόεντι βαλών, ὅ ῥα τείχεος ἐντὸς\nκεῖτο μέγας παρʼ ἔπαλξιν ὑπέρτατος· οὐδέ κέ μιν ῥέα\nχείρεσσʼ ἀμφοτέρῃς ἔχοι ἀνὴρ οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἡβῶν,\nοἷοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑψόθεν ἔμβαλʼ ἀείρας,\nθλάσσε δὲ τετράφαλον κυνέην, σὺν δʼ ὀστέʼ ἄραξε\nπάντʼ ἄμυδις κεφαλῆς· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀρνευτῆρι ἐοικὼς\nκάππεσʼ ἀφʼ ὑψηλοῦ πύργου, λίπε δʼ ὀστέα θυμός.", "en": "With this, Ajax son of Telamon set off, and Teucer, his brother by the same father, went also, with Pandion to carry Teucer’s bow. They went along inside the wall, and when they came to the tower where Menestheus was (and hard pressed indeed did they find him) the brave captains and leaders of the Lycians were storming the battlements as it were a thick dark cloud, fighting in close quarters, and raising the battle-cry aloud.\nFirst, Ajax son of Telamon killed brave Epicles, a comrade of Sarpedon, hitting him with a jagged stone that lay by the battlements at the very top of the wall. As men now are, even one who is in the bloom of youth could hardly lift it with his two hands, but Ajax raised it high aloft and flung it down, smashing Epicles’ four-crested helmet so that the bones of his head were crushed to pieces, and he fell from the high wall as though he were diving, with no more life left in him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.387–399", "orig": "Τεῦκρος δὲ Γλαῦκον κρατερὸν παῖδʼ Ἱππολόχοιο\nἰῷ ἐπεσσύμενον βάλε τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο,\nᾗ ῥʼ ἴδε γυμνωθέντα βραχίονα, παῦσε δὲ χάρμης.\nἂψ δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεος ἆλτο λαθών, ἵνα μή τις Ἀχαιῶν\nβλήμενον ἀθρήσειε καὶ εὐχετόῳτʼ ἐπέεσσι.\nΣαρπήδοντι δʼ ἄχος γένετο Γλαύκου ἀπιόντος\nαὐτίκʼ ἐπεί τʼ ἐνόησεν· ὅμως δʼ οὐ λήθετο χάρμης,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε Θεστορίδην Ἀλκμάονα δουρὶ τυχήσας\nνύξʼ, ἐκ δʼ ἔσπασεν ἔγχος· ὃ δʼ ἑσπόμενος πέσε δουρὶ\nπρηνής, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ βράχε τεύχεα ποικίλα χαλκῷ,\nΣαρπηδὼν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπαλξιν ἑλὼν χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν\nἕλχʼ, ἣ δʼ ἕσπετο πᾶσα διαμπερές, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε\nτεῖχος ἐγυμνώθη, πολέεσσι δὲ θῆκε κέλευθον.", "en": "Then Teucer wounded Glaucus the brave son of Hippolochus as he was coming on to attack the wall. He saw his shoulder bare and aimed an arrow at it, which made Glaucus leave off fighting. Thereon he sprang covertly down for fear some of the Achaeans might see that he was wounded and taunt him. Sarpedon was stung with grief when he saw Glaucus leave him, still he did not leave off fighting, but aimed his spear at Alcmaon the son of Thestor and hit him. He drew his spear back again and Alcmaon came down headlong after it with his bronzed armour rattling round him. Then Sarpedon seized the battlement in his strong hands, and tugged at it till it all gave way together, and a breach was made through which many might pass." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.400–412", "orig": "τὸν δʼ Αἴας καὶ Τεῦκρος ὁμαρτήσανθʼ ὃ μὲν ἰῷ\nβεβλήκει τελαμῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι φαεινὸν\nἀσπίδος ἀμφιβρότης· ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς κῆρας ἄμυνε\nπαιδὸς ἑοῦ, μὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι πρύμνῃσι δαμείη·\nΑἴας δʼ ἀσπίδα νύξεν ἐπάλμενος, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ\nἤλυθεν ἐγχείη, στυφέλιξε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα.\nχώρησεν δʼ ἄρα τυτθὸν ἐπάλξιος· οὐδʼ ὅ γε πάμπαν\nχάζετʼ, ἐπεί οἱ θυμὸς ἐέλπετο κῦδος ἀρέσθαι.\nκέκλετο δʼ ἀντιθέοισιν ἑλιξάμενος Λυκίοισιν·\nὦ Λύκιοι τί τʼ ἄρʼ ὧδε μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς;\nἀργαλέον δέ μοί ἐστι καὶ ἰφθίμῳ περ ἐόντι\nμούνῳ ῥηξαμένῳ θέσθαι παρὰ νηυσὶ κέλευθον·\nἀλλʼ ἐφομαρτεῖτε· πλεόνων δέ τι ἔργον ἄμεινον.", "en": "Ajax and Teucer then both of them attacked him. Teucer hit him with an arrow on the band that bore the shield which covered his body, but Jove saved his son from destruction that he might not fall by the ships’ sterns. Meanwhile Ajax sprang on him and pierced his shield, but the spear did not go clean through, though it hustled him back that he could come on no further. He therefore retired a little space from the battlement, yet without losing all his ground, for he still thought to cover himself with glory. Then he turned round and shouted to the brave Lycians saying, “Lycians, why do you thus fail me? For all my prowess I cannot break through the wall and open a way to the ships single-handed. Come close on behind me, for the more there are of us the better.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.413–426", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ ἄνακτος ὑποδείσαντες ὁμοκλὴν\nμᾶλλον ἐπέβρισαν βουληφόρον ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα.\nἈργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκαρτύναντο φάλαγγας\nτείχεος ἔντοσθεν, μέγα δέ σφισι φαίνετο ἔργον·\nοὔτε γὰρ ἴφθιμοι Λύκιοι Δαναῶν ἐδύναντο\nτεῖχος ῥηξάμενοι θέσθαι παρὰ νηυσὶ κέλευθον,\nοὔτέ ποτʼ αἰχμηταὶ Δαναοὶ Λυκίους ἐδύναντο\nτείχεος ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεὶ τὰ πρῶτα πέλασθεν.\nἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ἀμφʼ οὔροισι δύʼ ἀνέρε δηριάασθον\nμέτρʼ ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες ἐπιξύνῳ ἐν ἀρούρῃ,\nὥ τʼ ὀλίγῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ ἐρίζητον περὶ ἴσης,\nὣς ἄρα τοὺς διέεργον ἐπάλξιες· οἳ δʼ ὑπὲρ αὐτέων\nδῄουν ἀλλήλων ἀμφὶ στήθεσσι βοείας\nἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους λαισήϊά τε πτερόεντα.", "en": "The Lycians, shamed by his rebuke, pressed closer round him who was their counsellor and their king. The Argives on their part got their men in fighting order within the wall, and there was a deadly struggle between them. The Lycians could not break through the wall and force their way to the ships, nor could the Danaans drive the Lycians from the wall now that they had once reached it. As two men, measuring-rods in hand, quarrel about their boundaries in a field that they own in common, and stickle for their rights though they be but in a mere strip, even so did the battlements now serve as a bone of contention, and they beat one another’s round shields for their possession." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.427–441", "orig": "πολλοὶ δʼ οὐτάζοντο κατὰ χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ,\nἠμὲν ὅτεῳ στρεφθέντι μετάφρενα γυμνωθείη\nμαρναμένων, πολλοὶ δὲ διαμπερὲς ἀσπίδος αὐτῆς.\nπάντῃ δὴ πύργοι καὶ ἐπάλξιες αἵματι φωτῶν\nἐρράδατʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἀπὸ Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν.\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς ἐδύναντο φόβον ποιῆσαι Ἀχαιῶν,\nἀλλʼ ἔχον ὥς τε τάλαντα γυνὴ χερνῆτις ἀληθής,\nἥ τε σταθμὸν ἔχουσα καὶ εἴριον ἀμφὶς ἀνέλκει\nἰσάζουσʼ, ἵνα παισὶν ἀεικέα μισθὸν ἄρηται·\nὣς μὲν τῶν ἐπὶ ἶσα μάχη τέτατο πτόλεμός τε,\nπρίν γʼ ὅτε δὴ Ζεὺς κῦδος ὑπέρτερον Ἕκτορι δῶκε\nΠριαμίδῃ, ὃς πρῶτος ἐσήλατο τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν.\nἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Τρώεσσι γεγωνώς·\nὄρνυσθʼ ἱππόδαμοι Τρῶες, ῥήγνυσθε δὲ τεῖχος\nἈργείων καὶ νηυσὶν ἐνίετε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.", "en": "Many a man’s body was wounded with the pitiless bronze, as he turned round and bared his back to the foe, and many were struck clean through their shields; the wall and battlements were everywhere deluged with the blood alike of Trojans and of Achaeans. But even so the Trojans could not rout the Achaeans, who still held on; and as some honest hard-working woman weighs wool in her balance and sees that the scales be true, for she would gain some pitiful earnings for her little ones, even so was the fight balanced evenly between them till the time came when Jove gave the greater glory to Hector son of Priam, who was first to spring towards the wall of the Achaeans. When he had done so, he cried aloud to the Trojans, “Up, Trojans, break the wall of the Argives, and fling fire upon their ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.442–454", "orig": "ὣς φάτʼ ἐποτρύνων, οἳ δʼ οὔασι πάντες ἄκουον,\nἴθυσαν δʼ ἐπὶ τεῖχος ἀολλέες· οἳ μὲν ἔπειτα\nκροσσάων ἐπέβαινον ἀκαχμένα δούρατʼ ἔχοντες,\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἁρπάξας λᾶαν φέρεν, ὅς ῥα πυλάων\nἑστήκει πρόσθε πρυμνὸς παχύς, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθεν\nὀξὺς ἔην· τὸν δʼ οὔ κε δύʼ ἀνέρε δήμου ἀρίστω\nῥηϊδίως ἐπʼ ἄμαξαν ἀπʼ οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν,\nοἷοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσʼ· ὃ δέ μιν ῥέα πάλλε καὶ οἶος.\nτόν οἱ ἐλαφρὸν ἔθηκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε ποιμὴν ῥεῖα φέρει πόκον ἄρσενος οἰὸς\nχειρὶ λαβὼν ἑτέρῃ, ὀλίγον τέ μιν ἄχθος ἐπείγει,\nὣς Ἕκτωρ ἰθὺς σανίδων φέρε λᾶαν ἀείρας,\nαἵ ῥα πύλας εἴρυντο πύκα στιβαρῶς ἀραρυίας", "en": "Thus did he hound them on, and in one body they rushed straight at the wall as he had bidden them, and scaled the battlements with sharp spears in their hands. Hector laid hold of a stone that lay just outside the gates and was thick at one end but pointed at the other; two of the best men in a town, as men now are, could hardly raise it from the ground and put it on to a waggon, but Hector lifted it quite easily by himself, for the son of scheming Saturn made it light for him. As a shepherd picks up a ram’s fleece with one hand and finds it no burden, so easily did Hector lift the great stone and drive it right at the doors that closed the gates so strong and so firmly set." }, { "ref": "Iliad 12.455–471", "orig": "δικλίδας ὑψηλάς· δοιοὶ δʼ ἔντοσθεν ὀχῆες\nεἶχον ἐπημοιβοί, μία δὲ κληῒς ἐπαρήρει.\nστῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰών, καὶ ἐρεισάμενος βάλε μέσσας\nεὖ διαβάς, ἵνα μή οἱ ἀφαυρότερον βέλος εἴη,\nῥῆξε δʼ ἀπʼ ἀμφοτέρους θαιρούς· πέσε δὲ λίθος εἴσω\nβριθοσύνῃ, μέγα δʼ ἀμφὶ πύλαι μύκον, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ὀχῆες\nἐσχεθέτην, σανίδες δὲ διέτμαγεν ἄλλυδις ἄλλη\nλᾶος ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔσθορε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nνυκτὶ θοῇ ἀτάλαντος ὑπώπια· λάμπε δὲ χαλκῷ\nσμερδαλέῳ, τὸν ἕεστο περὶ χροΐ, δοιὰ δὲ χερσὶ\nδοῦρʼ ἔχεν· οὔ κέν τίς μιν ἐρύκακεν ἀντιβολήσας\nνόσφι θεῶν ὅτʼ ἐσᾶλτο πύλας· πυρὶ δʼ ὄσσε δεδήει.\nκέκλετο δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἑλιξάμενος καθʼ ὅμιλον\nτεῖχος ὑπερβαίνειν· τοὶ δʼ ὀτρύνοντι πίθοντο.\nαὐτίκα δʼ οἳ μὲν τεῖχος ὑπέρβασαν, οἳ δὲ κατʼ αὐτὰς\nποιητὰς ἐσέχυντο πύλας· Δαναοὶ δὲ φόβηθεν\nνῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς, ὅμαδος δʼ ἀλίαστος ἐτύχθη.", "en": "These doors were double and high, and were kept closed by two cross-bars to which there was but one key. When he had got close up to them, Hector strode towards them that his blow might gain in force and struck them in the middle, leaning his whole weight against them. He broke both hinges, and the stone fell inside by reason of its great weight. The portals re-echoed with the sound, the bars held no longer, and the doors flew open, one one way, and the other the other, through the force of the blow. Then brave Hector leaped inside with a face as dark as that of flying night. The gleaming bronze flashed fiercely about his body and he had two spears in his hand. None but a god could have withstood him as he flung himself into the gateway, and his eyes glared like fire. Then he turned round towards the Trojans and called on them to scale the wall, and they did as he bade them, some of them at once climbing over the wall, while others passed through the gates. The Danaans then fled panic-stricken towards their ships, and all was uproar and confusion." } ], "13": [ { "ref": "Iliad 13.1–16", "orig": "Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα νηυσὶ πέλασσε,\nτοὺς μὲν ἔα παρὰ τῇσι πόνον τʼ ἐχέμεν καὶ ὀϊζὺν\nνωλεμέως, αὐτὸς δὲ πάλιν τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινὼ\nνόσφιν ἐφʼ ἱπποπόλων Θρῃκῶν καθορώμενος αἶαν\nΜυσῶν τʼ ἀγχεμάχων καὶ ἀγαυῶν ἱππημολγῶν\nγλακτοφάγων Ἀβίων τε δικαιοτάτων ἀνθρώπων.\nἐς Τροίην δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἔτι τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινώ·\nοὐ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀθανάτων τινα ἔλπετο ὃν κατὰ θυμὸν\nἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσιν.\nοὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε κρείων ἐνοσίχθων·\nκαὶ γὰρ ὃ θαυμάζων ἧστο πτόλεμόν τε μάχην τε\nὑψοῦ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς Σάμου ὑληέσσης\nΘρηϊκίης· ἔνθεν γὰρ ἐφαίνετο πᾶσα μὲν Ἴδη,\nφαίνετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν.\nἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἕζετʼ ἰών, ἐλέαιρε δʼ Ἀχαιοὺς\nΤρωσὶν δαμναμένους, Διὶ δὲ κρατερῶς ἐνεμέσσα.", "en": "Now when Jove had thus brought Hector and the Trojans to the ships, he left them to their never-ending toil, and turned his keen eyes away, looking elsewhither towards the horse-breeders of Thrace, the Mysians, fighters at close quarters, the noble Hippemolgi, who live on milk, and the Abians, justest of mankind. He no longer turned so much as a glance towards Troy, for he did not think that any of the immortals would go and help either Trojans or Danaans.\nBut King Neptune had kept no blind look-out; he had been looking admiringly on the battle from his seat on the topmost crests of wooded Samothrace, whence he could see all Ida, with the city of Priam and the ships of the Achaeans. He had come from under the sea and taken his place here, for he pitied the Achaeans who were being overcome by the Trojans; and he was furiously angry with Jove." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.17–31", "orig": "αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὄρεος κατεβήσετο παιπαλόεντος\nκραιπνὰ ποσὶ προβιβάς· τρέμε δʼ οὔρεα μακρὰ καὶ ὕλη\nποσσὶν ὑπʼ ἀθανάτοισι Ποσειδάωνος ἰόντος.\nτρὶς μὲν ὀρέξατʼ ἰών, τὸ δὲ τέτρατον ἵκετο τέκμωρ\nΑἰγάς, ἔνθα δέ οἱ κλυτὰ δώματα βένθεσι λίμνης\nχρύσεα μαρμαίροντα τετεύχαται ἄφθιτα αἰεί.\nἔνθʼ ἐλθὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω\nὠκυπέτα χρυσέῃσιν ἐθείρῃσιν κομόωντε,\nχρυσὸν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δʼ ἱμάσθλην\nχρυσείην εὔτυκτον, ἑοῦ δʼ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου,\nβῆ δʼ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματʼ· ἄταλλε δὲ κήτεʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ\nπάντοθεν ἐκ κευθμῶν, οὐδʼ ἠγνοίησεν ἄνακτα·\nγηθοσύνῃ δὲ θάλασσα διίστατο· τοὶ δὲ πέτοντο\nῥίμφα μάλʼ, οὐδʼ ὑπένερθε διαίνετο χάλκεος ἄξων·\nτὸν δʼ ἐς Ἀχαιῶν νῆας ἐΰσκαρθμοι φέρον ἵπποι.", "en": "Presently he came down from his post on the mountain top, and as he strode swiftly onwards the high hills and the forest quaked beneath the tread of his immortal feet. Three strides he took, and with the fourth he reached his goal, Aegae, where is his glittering golden palace, imperishable, in the depths of the sea. When he got there, he yoked his fleet brazen-footed steeds with their manes of gold all flying in the wind; he clothed himself in raiment of gold, grasped his gold whip, and took his stand upon his chariot. As he went his way over the waves the sea-monsters left their lairs, for they knew their lord, and came gambolling round him from every quarter of the deep, while the sea in her gladness opened a path before his chariot. So lightly did the horses fly that the bronze axle of the car was not even wet beneath it; and thus his bounding steeds took him to the ships of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.32–45", "orig": "ἔστι δέ τι σπέος εὐρὺ βαθείης βένθεσι λίμνης\nμεσσηγὺς Τενέδοιο καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης·\nἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων\nλύσας ἐξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δʼ ἀμβρόσιον βάλεν εἶδαρ\nἔδμεναι· ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδας ἔβαλε χρυσείας\nἀρρήκτους ἀλύτους, ὄφρʼ ἔμπεδον αὖθι μένοιεν\nνοστήσαντα ἄνακτα· ὃ δʼ ἐς στρατὸν ᾤχετʼ Ἀχαιῶν.\nΤρῶες δὲ φλογὶ ἶσοι ἀολλέες ἠὲ θυέλλῃ\nἝκτορι Πριαμίδῃ ἄμοτον μεμαῶτες ἕποντο\nἄβρομοι αὐΐαχοι· ἔλποντο δὲ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nαἱρήσειν, κτενέειν δὲ παρʼ αὐτόθι πάντας ἀρίστους.\nἀλλὰ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος\nἈργείους ὄτρυνε βαθείης ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθὼν\nεἰσάμενος Κάλχαντι δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν·", "en": "Now there is a certain huge cavern in the depths of the sea midway between Tenedos and rocky Imbrus; here Neptune lord of the earthquake stayed his horses, unyoked them, and set before them their ambrosial forage. He hobbled their feet with hobbles of gold which none could either unloose or break, so that they might stay there in that place until their lord should return. This done he went his way to the host of the Achaeans.\nNow the Trojans followed Hector son of Priam in close array like a storm-cloud or flame of fire, fighting with might and main and raising the cry battle; for they deemed that they should take the ships of the Achaeans and kill all their chiefest heroes then and there. Meanwhile earth-encircling Neptune lord of the earthquake cheered on the Argives, for he had come up out of the sea and had assumed the form and voice of Calchas." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.46–58", "orig": "Αἴαντε πρώτω προσέφη μεμαῶτε καὶ αὐτώ·\nΑἴαντε σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν\nἀλκῆς μνησαμένω, μὴ δὲ κρυεροῖο φόβοιο.\nἄλλῃ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγʼ οὐ δείδια χεῖρας ἀάπτους\nΤρώων, οἳ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ·\nἕξουσιν γὰρ πάντας ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί·\nτῇ δὲ δὴ αἰνότατον περιδείδια μή τι πάθωμεν,\nᾗ ῥʼ ὅ γʼ ὁ λυσσώδης φλογὶ εἴκελος ἡγεμονεύει\nἝκτωρ, ὃς Διὸς εὔχετʼ ἐρισθενέος πάϊς εἶναι.\nσφῶϊν δʼ ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν\nαὐτώ θʼ ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς καὶ ἀνωγέμεν ἄλλους·\nτώ κε καὶ ἐσσύμενόν περ ἐρωήσαιτʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν\nὠκυπόρων, εἰ καί μιν Ὀλύμπιος αὐτὸς ἐγείρει.", "en": "First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, who were doing their best already, and said, “Ajaxes, you two can be the saving of the Achaeans if you will put out all your strength and not let yourselves be daunted. I am not afraid that the Trojans, who have got over the wall in force, will be victorious in any other part, for the Achaeans can hold all of them in check, but I much fear that some evil will befall us here where furious Hector, who boasts himself the son of great Jove himself, is leading them on like a pillar of flame. May some god, then, put it into your hearts to make a firm stand here, and to incite others to do the like. In this case you will drive him from the ships even though he be inspired by Jove himself.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.59–75", "orig": "ἦ καὶ σκηπανίῳ γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος\nἀμφοτέρω κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος κρατεροῖο,\nγυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρὰ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ὥς τʼ ἴρηξ ὠκύπτερος ὦρτο πέτεσθαι,\nὅς ῥά τʼ ἀπʼ αἰγίλιπος πέτρης περιμήκεος ἀρθεὶς\nὁρμήσῃ πεδίοιο διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο,\nὣς ἀπὸ τῶν ἤϊξε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων.\nτοῖιν δʼ ἔγνω πρόσθεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας,\nαἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντα προσέφη Τελαμώνιον υἱόν·\nΑἶαν ἐπεί τις νῶϊ θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι\nμάντεϊ εἰδόμενος κέλεται παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχεσθαι,\nοὐδʼ ὅ γε Κάλχας ἐστὶ θεοπρόπος οἰωνιστής·\nἴχνια γὰρ μετόπισθε ποδῶν ἠδὲ κνημάων\nῥεῖʼ ἔγνων ἀπιόντος· ἀρίγνωτοι δὲ θεοί περ·\nκαὶ δʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλοισι\nμᾶλλον ἐφορμᾶται πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι,\nμαιμώωσι δʼ ἔνερθε πόδες καὶ χεῖρες ὕπερθε.", "en": "As he spoke the earth-encircling lord of the earthquake struck both of them with his sceptre and filled their hearts with daring. He made their legs light and active, as also their hands and their feet. Then, as the soaring falcon poises on the wing high above some sheer rock, and presently swoops down to chase some bird over the plain, even so did Neptune lord of the earthquake wing his flight into the air and leave them. Of the two, swift Ajax son of Oileus was the first to know who it was that had been speaking with them, and said to Ajax son of Telamon, “Ajax, this is one of the gods that dwell on Olympus, who in the likeness of the prophet is bidding us fight hard by our ships. It was not Calchas the seer and diviner of omens; I knew him at once by his feet and knees as he turned away, for the gods are soon recognised. Moreover I feel the lust of battle burn more fiercely within me, while my hands and my feet under me are more eager for the fray.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.76–90", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·\nοὕτω νῦν καὶ ἐμοὶ περὶ δούρατι χεῖρες ἄαπτοι\nμαιμῶσιν, καί μοι μένος ὤρορε, νέρθε δὲ ποσσὶν\nἔσσυμαι ἀμφοτέροισι· μενοινώω δὲ καὶ οἶος\nἝκτορι Πριαμίδῃ ἄμοτον μεμαῶτι μάχεσθαι.\nὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον\nχάρμῃ γηθόσυνοι, τήν σφιν θεὸς ἔμβαλε θυμῷ·\nτόφρα δὲ τοὺς ὄπιθεν γαιήοχος ὦρσεν Ἀχαιούς,\nοἳ παρὰ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἀνέψυχον φίλον ἦτορ.\nτῶν ῥʼ ἅμα τʼ ἀργαλέῳ καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο,\nκαί σφιν ἄχος κατὰ θυμὸν ἐγίγνετο δερκομένοισι\nΤρῶας, τοὶ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ.\nτοὺς οἵ γʼ εἰσορόωντες ὑπʼ ὀφρύσι δάκρυα λεῖβον·\nοὐ γὰρ ἔφαν φεύξεσθαι ὑπʼ ἐκ κακοῦ· ἀλλʼ ἐνοσίχθων\nῥεῖα μετεισάμενος κρατερὰς ὄτρυνε φάλαγγας.", "en": "And Ajax son of Telamon answered, “I too feel my hands grasp my spear more firmly; my strength is greater, and my feet more nimble; I long, moreover, to meet furious Hector son of Priam, even in single combat.”\nThus did they converse, exulting in the hunger after battle with which the god had filled them. Meanwhile the earth-encircler roused the Achaeans, who were resting in the rear by the ships overcome at once by hard fighting and by grief at seeing that the Trojans had got over the wall in force. Tears began falling from their eyes as they beheld them, for they made sure that they should not escape destruction; but the lord of the earthquake passed lightly about among them and urged their battalions to the front." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.91–106", "orig": "Τεῦκρον ἔπι πρῶτον καὶ Λήϊτον ἦλθε κελεύων\nΠηνέλεών θʼ ἥρωα Θόαντά τε Δηΐπυρόν τε\nΜηριόνην τε καὶ Ἀντίλοχον μήστωρας ἀϋτῆς·\nτοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nαἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κοῦροι νέοι· ὔμμιν ἔγωγε\nμαρναμένοισι πέποιθα σαωσέμεναι νέας ἁμάς·\nεἰ δʼ ὑμεῖς πολέμοιο μεθήσετε λευγαλέοιο,\nνῦν δὴ εἴδεται ἦμαρ ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι.\nὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι\nδεινόν, ὃ οὔ ποτʼ ἔγωγε τελευτήσεσθαι ἔφασκον,\nΤρῶας ἐφʼ ἡμετέρας ἰέναι νέας, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ\nφυζακινῇς ἐλάφοισιν ἐοίκεσαν, αἵ τε καθʼ ὕλην\nθώων παρδαλίων τε λύκων τʼ ἤϊα πέλονται\nαὔτως ἠλάσκουσαι ἀνάλκιδες, οὐδʼ ἔπι χάρμη·\nὣς Τρῶες τὸ πρίν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας Ἀχαιῶν\nμίμνειν οὐκ ἐθέλεσκον ἐναντίον, οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν·", "en": "First he went up to Teucer and Leitus, the hero Peneleos, and Thoas and Deipyrus; Meriones also and Antilochus, valiant warriors; all did he exhort. “Shame on you young Argives,” he cried, “it was on your prowess I relied for the saving of our ships; if you fight not with might and main, this very day will see us overcome by the Trojans. Of a truth my eyes behold a great and terrible portent which I had never thought to see, the Trojans at our ships, they, who were heretofore like panic-stricken hinds, the prey of jackals and wolves in a forest, with no strength but in flight for they cannot defend themselves." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.107–124", "orig": "νῦν δὲ ἑκὰς πόλιος κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ μάχονται\nἡγεμόνος κακότητι μεθημοσύνῃσί τε λαῶν,\nοἳ κείνῳ ἐρίσαντες ἀμυνέμεν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι\nνηῶν ὠκυπόρων, ἀλλὰ κτείνονται ἀνʼ αὐτάς.\nἀλλʼ εἰ δὴ καὶ πάμπαν ἐτήτυμον αἴτιός ἐστιν\nἥρως Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nοὕνεκʼ ἀπητίμησε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα,\nἡμέας γʼ οὔ πως ἔστι μεθιέμεναι πολέμοιο.\nἀλλʼ ἀκεώμεθα θᾶσσον· ἀκεσταί τοι φρένες ἐσθλῶν.\nὑμεῖς δʼ οὐκ ἔτι καλὰ μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς\nπάντες ἄριστοι ἐόντες ἀνὰ στρατόν. οὐδʼ ἂν ἔγωγε\nἀνδρὶ μαχεσσαίμην ὅς τις πολέμοιο μεθείη\nλυγρὸς ἐών· ὑμῖν δὲ νεμεσσῶμαι περὶ κῆρι.\nὦ πέπονες τάχα δή τι κακὸν ποιήσετε μεῖζον\nτῇδε μεθημοσύνῃ· ἀλλʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θέσθε ἕκαστος\nαἰδῶ καὶ νέμεσιν· δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν.\nἝκτωρ δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ βοὴν ἀγαθὸς πολεμίζει\nκαρτερός, ἔρρηξεν δὲ πύλας καὶ μακρὸν ὀχῆα.", "en": "Hitherto the Trojans dared not for one moment face the attack of the Achaeans, but now they have sallied far from their city and are fighting at our very ships through the cowardice of our leader and the disaffection of the people themselves, who in their discontent care not to fight in defence of the ships but are being slaughtered near them. True, King Agamemnon son of Atreus is the cause of our disaster by having insulted the son of Peleus, still this is no reason why we should leave off fighting. Let us be quick to heal, for the hearts of the brave heal quickly. You do ill to be thus remiss, you, who are the finest soldiers in our whole army. I blame no man for keeping out of battle if he is a weakling, but I am indignant with such men as you are. My good friends, matters will soon become even worse through this slackness; think, each one of you, of his own honour and credit, for the hazard of the fight is extreme. Great Hector is now fighting at our ships; he has broken through the gates and the strong bolt that held them.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.125–135", "orig": "ὥς ῥα κελευτιόων γαιήοχος ὦρσεν Ἀχαιούς.\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντας δοιοὺς ἵσταντο φάλαγγες\nκαρτεραί, ἃς οὔτʼ ἄν κεν Ἄρης ὀνόσαιτο μετελθὼν\nοὔτε κʼ Ἀθηναίη λαοσσόος· οἳ γὰρ ἄριστοι\nκρινθέντες Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα δῖον ἔμιμνον,\nφράξαντες δόρυ δουρί, σάκος σάκεϊ προθελύμνῳ·\nἀσπὶς ἄρʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔρειδε, κόρυς κόρυν, ἀνέρα δʼ ἀνήρ·\nψαῦον δʼ ἱππόκομοι κόρυθες λαμπροῖσι φάλοισι\nνευόντων, ὡς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν·\nἔγχεα δʼ ἐπτύσσοντο θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν\nσειόμενʼ· οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς φρόνεον, μέμασαν δὲ μάχεσθαι.", "en": "Thus did the earth-encircler address the Achaeans and urge them on. Thereon round the two Ajaxes there gathered strong bands of men, of whom not even Mars nor Minerva, marshaller of hosts could make light if they went among them, for they were the picked men of all those who were now awaiting the onset of Hector and the Trojans. They made a living fence, spear to spear, shield to shield, buckler to buckler, helmet to helmet, and man to man. The horse-hair crests on their gleaming helmets touched one another as they nodded forward, so closely serried were they; the spears they brandished in their strong hands were interlaced, and their hearts were set on battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.136–154", "orig": "Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ\nἀντικρὺ μεμαώς, ὀλοοίτροχος ὣς ἀπὸ πέτρης,\nὅν τε κατὰ στεφάνης ποταμὸς χειμάρροος ὤσῃ\nῥήξας ἀσπέτῳ ὄμβρῳ ἀναιδέος ἔχματα πέτρης·\nὕψι δʼ ἀναθρῴσκων πέτεται, κτυπέει δέ θʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ\nὕλη· ὃ δʼ ἀσφαλέως θέει ἔμπεδον, εἷος ἵκηται\nἰσόπεδον, τότε δʼ οὔ τι κυλίνδεται ἐσσύμενός περ·\nὣς Ἕκτωρ εἷος μὲν ἀπείλει μέχρι θαλάσσης\nῥέα διελεύσεσθαι κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nκτείνων· ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πυκινῇς ἐνέκυρσε φάλαγξι\nστῆ ῥα μάλʼ ἐγχριμφθείς· οἳ δʼ ἀντίοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nνύσσοντες ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν\nὦσαν ἀπὸ σφείων· ὃ δὲ χασσάμενος πελεμίχθη.\nἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Τρώεσσι γεγωνώς·\nΤρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ\nπαρμένετʼ· οὔ τοι δηρὸν ἐμὲ σχήσουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ\nκαὶ μάλα πυργηδὸν σφέας αὐτοὺς ἀρτύναντες,\nἀλλʼ ὀΐω χάσσονται ὑπʼ ἔγχεος, εἰ ἐτεόν με\nὦρσε θεῶν ὤριστος, ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης.", "en": "The Trojans advanced in a dense body, with Hector at their head pressing right on as a rock that comes thundering down the side of some mountain from whose brow the winter torrents have torn it; the foundations of the dull thing have been loosened by floods of rain, and as it bounds headlong on its way it sets the whole forest in an uproar; it swerves neither to right nor left till it reaches level ground, but then for all its fury it can go no further, even so easily did Hector for a while seem as though he would career through the tents and ships of the Achaeans till he had reached the sea in his murderous course; but the closely serried battalions stayed him when he reached them, for the sons of the Achaeans thrust at him with swords and spears pointed at both ends, and drove him from them so that he staggered and gave ground; thereon he shouted to the Trojans, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians, fighters in close combat, stand firm: the Achaeans have set themselves as a wall against me, but they will not check me for long; they will give ground before me if the mightiest of the gods, the thundering spouse of Juno, has indeed inspired my onset.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.155–168", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nΔηΐφοβος δʼ ἐν τοῖσι μέγα φρονέων ἐβεβήκει\nΠριαμίδης, πρόσθεν δʼ ἔχεν ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην\nκοῦφα ποσὶ προβιβὰς καὶ ὑπασπίδια προποδίζων.\nΜηριόνης δʼ αὐτοῖο τιτύσκετο δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nκαὶ βάλεν, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε, κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην\nταυρείην· τῆς δʼ οὔ τι διήλασεν, ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρὶν\nἐν καυλῷ ἐάγη δολιχὸν δόρυ· Δηΐφοβος δὲ\nἀσπίδα ταυρείην σχέθʼ ἀπὸ ἕο, δεῖσε δὲ θυμῷ\nἔγχος Μηριόναο δαΐφρονος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως\nἂψ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο, χώσατο δʼ αἰνῶς\nἀμφότερον, νίκης τε καὶ ἔγχεος ὃ ξυνέαξε.\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nοἰσόμενος δόρυ μακρόν, ὅ οἱ κλισίηφι λέλειπτο.", "en": "With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Deiphobus son of Priam went about among them intent on deeds of daring with his round shield before him, under cover of which he strode quickly forward. Meriones took aim at him with a spear, nor did he fail to hit the broad orb of ox-hide; but he was far from piercing it for the spear broke in two pieces long ere he could do so; moreover Deiphobus had seen it coming and had held his shield well away from him. Meriones drew back under cover of his comrades, angry alike at having failed to vanquish Deiphobus, and having broken his spear. He turned therefore towards the ships and tents to fetch a spear which he had left behind in his tent." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.169–187", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι μάρναντο, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει.\nΤεῦκρος δὲ πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος ἄνδρα κατέκτα\nἼμβριον αἰχμητὴν πολυΐππου Μέντορος υἱόν·\nναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,\nκούρην δὲ Πριάμοιο νόθην ἔχε, Μηδεσικάστην·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Δαναῶν νέες ἤλυθον ἀμφιέλισσαι,\nἂψ ἐς Ἴλιον ἦλθε, μετέπρεπε δὲ Τρώεσσι,\nναῖε δὲ πὰρ Πριάμῳ· ὃ δέ μιν τίεν ἶσα τέκεσσι.\nτόν ῥʼ υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ὑπʼ οὔατος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ\nνύξʼ, ἐκ δʼ ἔσπασεν ἔγχος· ὃ δʼ αὖτʼ ἔπεσεν μελίη ὣς\nἥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇ ἕκαθεν περιφαινομένοιο\nχαλκῷ ταμνομένη τέρενα χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσῃ·\nὣς πέσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ βράχε τεύχεα ποικίλα χαλκῷ.\nΤεῦκρος δʼ ὁρμήθη μεμαὼς ἀπὸ τεύχεα δῦσαι·\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὁρμηθέντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος\nτυτθόν· ὃ δʼ Ἀμφίμαχον Κτεάτου υἷʼ Ἀκτορίωνος\nνισόμενον πόλεμον δὲ κατὰ στῆθος βάλε δουρί·\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.", "en": "The others continued fighting, and the cry of battle rose up into the heavens. Teucer son of Telamon was the first to kill his man, to wit, the warrior Imbrius, son of Mentor, rich in horses. Until the Achaeans came he had lived in Pedaeum, and had married Medesicaste, a bastard daughter of Priam; but on the arrival of the Danaan fleet he had gone back to Ilius, and was a great man among the Trojans, dwelling near Priam himself, who gave him like honour with his own sons. The son of Telamon now struck him under the ear with a spear which he then drew back again, and Imbrius fell headlong as an ash-tree when it is felled on the crest of some high mountain beacon, and its delicate green foliage comes toppling down to the ground. Thus did he fall with his bronze-dight armour ringing harshly round him, and Teucer sprang forward with intent to strip him of his armour; but as he was doing so, Hector took aim at him with a spear. Teucer saw the spear coming and swerved aside, whereon it hit Amphimachus, son of Cteatus son of Actor, in the chest as he was coming into battle, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.188–205", "orig": "Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὁρμήθη κόρυθα κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν\nκρατὸς ἀφαρπάξαι μεγαλήτορος Ἀμφιμάχοιο·\nΑἴας δʼ ὁρμηθέντος ὀρέξατο δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nἝκτορος· ἀλλʼ οὔ πῃ χροὸς εἴσατο, πᾶς δʼ ἄρα χαλκῷ\nσμερδαλέῳ κεκάλυφθʼ· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀσπίδος ὀμφαλὸν οὖτα,\nὦσε δέ μιν σθένεϊ μεγάλῳ· ὃ δὲ χάσσατʼ ὀπίσσω\nνεκρῶν ἀμφοτέρων, τοὺς δʼ ἐξείρυσσαν Ἀχαιοί.\nἈμφίμαχον μὲν ἄρα Στιχίος δῖός τε Μενεσθεὺς\nἀρχοὶ Ἀθηναίων κόμισαν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·\nἼμβριον αὖτʼ Αἴαντε μεμαότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς\nὥς τε δύʼ αἶγα λέοντε κυνῶν ὕπο καρχαροδόντων\nἁρπάξαντε φέρητον ἀνὰ ῥωπήϊα πυκνὰ\nὑψοῦ ὑπὲρ γαίης μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔχοντε,\nὥς ῥα τὸν ὑψοῦ ἔχοντε δύω Αἴαντε κορυστὰ\nτεύχεα συλήτην· κεφαλὴν δʼ ἁπαλῆς ἀπὸ δειρῆς\nκόψεν Ὀϊλιάδης κεχολωμένος Ἀμφιμάχοιο,\nἧκε δέ μιν σφαιρηδὸν ἑλιξάμενος διʼ ὁμίλου·\nἝκτορι δὲ προπάροιθε ποδῶν πέσεν ἐν κονίῃσι.", "en": "Hector sprang forward to take Amphimachus’s helmet from off his temples, and in a moment Ajax threw a spear at him, but did not wound him, for he was encased all over in his terrible armour; nevertheless the spear struck the boss of his shield with such force as to drive him back from the two corpses, which the Achaeans then drew off. Stichius and Menestheus, captains of the Athenians, bore away Amphimachus to the host of the Achaeans, while the two brave and impetuous Ajaxes did the like by Imbrius. As two lions snatch a goat from the hounds that have it in their fangs, and bear it through thick brushwood high above the ground in their jaws, thus did the Ajaxes bear aloft the body of Imbrius, and strip it of its armour. Then the son of Oileus severed the head from the neck in revenge for the death of Amphimachus, and sent it whirling over the crowd as though it had been a ball, till it fell in the dust at Hector’s feet." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.206–220", "orig": "καὶ τότε δὴ περὶ κῆρι Ποσειδάων ἐχολώθη\nυἱωνοῖο πεσόντος ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nὀτρυνέων Δαναούς, Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδεα τεῦχεν.\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ ἄρα οἱ δουρικλυτὸς ἀντεβόλησεν\nἐρχόμενος παρʼ ἑταίρου, ὅ οἱ νέον ἐκ πολέμοιο\nἦλθε κατʼ ἰγνύην βεβλημένος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.\nτὸν μὲν ἑταῖροι ἔνεικαν, ὃ δʼ ἰητροῖς ἐπιτείλας\nἤϊεν ἐς κλισίην· ἔτι γὰρ πολέμοιο μενοίνα\nἀντιάαν· τὸν δὲ προσέφη κρείων ἐνοσίχθων\nεἰσάμενος φθογγὴν Ἀνδραίμονος υἷϊ Θόαντι\nὃς πάσῃ Πλευρῶνι καὶ αἰπεινῇ Καλυδῶνι\nΑἰτωλοῖσιν ἄνασσε, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ·\nἸδομενεῦ Κρητῶν βουληφόρε ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ\nοἴχονται, τὰς Τρωσὶν ἀπείλεον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν;", "en": "Neptune was exceedingly angry that his grandson Amphimachus should have fallen; he therefore went to the tents and ships of the Achaeans to urge the Danaans still further, and to devise evil for the Trojans. Idomeneus met him, as he was taking leave of a comrade, who had just come to him from the fight, wounded in the knee. His fellow-soldiers bore him off the field, and Idomeneus having given orders to the physicians went on to his tent, for he was still thirsting for battle. Neptune spoke in the likeness and with the voice of Thoas son of Andraemon who ruled the Aetolians of all Pleuron and high Calydon, and was honoured among his people as though he were a god. “Idomeneus,” said he, “lawgiver to the Cretans, what has now become of the threats with which the sons of the Achaeans used to threaten the Trojans?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.221–239", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nὦ Θόαν οὔ τις ἀνὴρ νῦν γʼ αἴτιος, ὅσσον ἔγωγε\nγιγνώσκω· πάντες γὰρ ἐπιστάμεθα πτολεμίζειν.\nοὔτέ τινα δέος ἴσχει ἀκήριον οὔτέ τις ὄκνῳ\nεἴκων ἀνδύεται πόλεμον κακόν· ἀλλά που οὕτω\nμέλλει δὴ φίλον εἶναι ὑπερμενέϊ Κρονίωνι\nνωνύμνους ἀπολέσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιούς.\nἀλλὰ Θόαν, καὶ γὰρ τὸ πάρος μενεδήϊος ἦσθα,\nὀτρύνεις δὲ καὶ ἄλλον ὅθι μεθιέντα ἴδηαι·\nτὼ νῦν μήτʼ ἀπόληγε κέλευέ τε φωτὶ ἑκάστῳ.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·\nἸδομενεῦ μὴ κεῖνος ἀνὴρ ἔτι νοστήσειεν\nἐκ Τροίης, ἀλλʼ αὖθι κυνῶν μέλπηθρα γένοιτο,\nὅς τις ἐπʼ ἤματι τῷδε ἑκὼν μεθίῃσι μάχεσθαι.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε τεύχεα δεῦρο λαβὼν ἴθι· ταῦτα δʼ ἅμα χρὴ\nσπεύδειν, αἴ κʼ ὄφελός τι γενώμεθα καὶ δύʼ ἐόντε.\nσυμφερτὴ δʼ ἀρετὴ πέλει ἀνδρῶν καὶ μάλα λυγρῶν,\nνῶϊ δὲ καί κʼ ἀγαθοῖσιν ἐπισταίμεσθα μάχεσθαι.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἔβη θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν·", "en": "And Idomeneus chief among the Cretans answered, “Thoas, no one, so far as I know, is in fault, for we can all fight. None are held back neither by fear nor slackness, but it seems to be the will of almighty Jove that the Achaeans should perish ingloriously here far from Argos: you, Thoas, have been always staunch, and you keep others in heart if you see any fail in duty; be not then remiss now, but exhort all to do their utmost.”\nTo this Neptune lord of the earthquake made answer, “Idomeneus, may he never return from Troy, but remain here for dogs to batten upon, who is this day wilfully slack in fighting. Get your armour and go, we must make all haste together if we may be of any use, though we are only two. Even cowards gain courage from companionship, and we two can hold our own with the bravest.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.240–258", "orig": "Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην εὔτυκτον ἵκανε\nδύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δὲ δοῦρε,\nβῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἀστεροπῇ ἐναλίγκιος, ἥν τε Κρονίων\nχειρὶ λαβὼν ἐτίναξεν ἀπʼ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου\nδεικνὺς σῆμα βροτοῖσιν· ἀρίζηλοι δέ οἱ αὐγαί·\nὣς τοῦ χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε περὶ στήθεσσι θέοντος.\nΜηριόνης δʼ ἄρα οἱ θεράπων ἐῢς ἀντεβόλησεν\nἐγγὺς ἔτι κλισίης· μετὰ γὰρ δόρυ χάλκεον ᾔει\nοἰσόμενος· τὸν δὲ προσέφη σθένος Ἰδομενῆος·\nΜηριόνη Μόλου υἱὲ πόδας ταχὺ φίλταθʼ ἑταίρων\nτίπτʼ ἦλθες πόλεμόν τε λιπὼν καὶ δηϊοτῆτα;\nἠέ τι βέβληαι, βέλεος δέ σε τείρει ἀκωκή,\nἦέ τευ ἀγγελίης μετʼ ἔμʼ ἤλυθες; οὐδέ τοι αὐτὸς\nἧσθαι ἐνὶ κλισίῃσι λιλαίομαι, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nἸδομενεῦ, Κρητῶν βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων,\nἔρχομαι εἴ τί τοι ἔγχος ἐνὶ κλισίῃσι λέλειπται\nοἰσόμενος· τό νυ γὰρ κατεάξαμεν ὃ πρὶν ἔχεσκον\nἀσπίδα Δηϊφόβοιο βαλὼν ὑπερηνορέοντος.", "en": "Therewith the god went back into the thick of the fight, and Idomeneus when he had reached his tent donned his armour, grasped his two spears, and sallied forth. As the lightning which the son of Saturn brandishes from bright Olympus when he would show a sign to mortals, and its gleam flashes far and wide, even so did his armour gleam about him as he ran. Meriones his sturdy squire met him while he was still near his tent (for he was going to fetch his spear) and Idomeneus said:\n“Meriones, fleet son of Molus, best of comrades, why have you left the field? Are you wounded, and is the point of the weapon hurting you? or have you been sent to fetch me? I want no fetching; I had far rather fight than stay in my tent.”\n“Idomeneus,” answered Meriones, “I come for a spear, if I can find one in my tent; I have broken the one I had, in throwing it at the shield of Deiphobus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.259–273", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nδούρατα δʼ αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα καὶ ἓν καὶ εἴκοσι δήεις\nἑσταότʼ ἐν κλισίῃ πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα\nΤρώϊα, τὰ κταμένων ἀποαίνυμαι· οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω\nἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ἑκὰς ἱστάμενος πολεμίζειν.\nτώ μοι δούρατά τʼ ἔστι καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι\nκαὶ κόρυθες καὶ θώρηκες λαμπρὸν γανόωντες.\nτὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nκαί τοι ἐμοὶ παρά τε κλισίῃ καὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ\nπόλλʼ ἔναρα Τρώων· ἀλλʼ οὐ σχεδόν ἐστιν ἑλέσθαι.\nοὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδʼ ἐμέ φημι λελασμένον ἔμμεναι ἀλκῆς,\nἀλλὰ μετὰ πρώτοισι μάχην ἀνὰ κυδιάνειραν\nἵσταμαι, ὁππότε νεῖκος ὀρώρηται πολέμοιο.\nἄλλόν πού τινα μᾶλλον Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nλήθω μαρνάμενος, σὲ δὲ ἴδμεναι αὐτὸν ὀΐω.", "en": "And Idomeneus captain of the Cretans answered, “You will find one spear, or twenty if you so please, standing up against the end wall of my tent. I have taken them from Trojans whom I have killed, for I am not one to keep my enemy at arm’s length; therefore I have spears, bossed shields, helmets, and burnished corslets.”\nThen Meriones said, “I too in my tent and at my ship have spoils taken from the Trojans, but they are not at hand. I have been at all times valorous, and wherever there has been hard fighting have held my own among the foremost. There may be those among the Achaeans who do not know how I fight, but you know it well enough yourself.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.274–294", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nοἶδʼ ἀρετὴν οἷός ἐσσι· τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεσθαι;\nεἰ γὰρ νῦν παρὰ νηυσὶ λεγοίμεθα πάντες ἄριστοι\nἐς λόχον, ἔνθα μάλιστʼ ἀρετὴ διαείδεται ἀνδρῶν,\nἔνθʼ ὅ τε δειλὸς ἀνὴρ ὅς τʼ ἄλκιμος ἐξεφαάνθη·\nτοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ,\nοὐδέ οἱ ἀτρέμας ἧσθαι ἐρητύετʼ ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός,\nἀλλὰ μετοκλάζει καὶ ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέρους πόδας ἵζει,\nἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη μεγάλα στέρνοισι πατάσσει\nκῆρας ὀϊομένῳ, πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετʼ ὀδόντων·\nτοῦ δʼ ἀγαθοῦ οὔτʼ ἂρ τρέπεται χρὼς οὔτέ τι λίην\nταρβεῖ, ἐπειδὰν πρῶτον ἐσίζηται λόχον ἀνδρῶν,\nἀρᾶται δὲ τάχιστα μιγήμεναι ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ·\nοὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο.\nεἴ περ γάρ κε βλεῖο πονεύμενος ἠὲ τυπείης\nοὐκ ἂν ἐν αὐχένʼ ὄπισθε πέσοι βέλος οὐδʼ ἐνὶ νώτῳ,\nἀλλά κεν ἢ στέρνων ἢ νηδύος ἀντιάσειε\nπρόσσω ἱεμένοιο μετὰ προμάχων ὀαριστύν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὣς\nἑσταότες, μή πού τις ὑπερφιάλως νεμεσήσῃ·\nἀλλὰ σύ γε κλισίην δὲ κιὼν ἕλευ ὄβριμον ἔγχος.", "en": "Idomeneus answered, “I know you for a brave man: you need not tell me. If the best men at the ships were being chosen to go on an ambush, and there is nothing like this for showing what a man is made of; it comes out then who is cowardly and who brave; the coward will change colour at every touch and turn; he is full of fears, and keeps shifting his weight first on one knee and then on the other; his heart beats fast as he thinks of death, and one can hear the chattering of his teeth; whereas the brave man will not change colour nor be frightened on finding himself in ambush, but is all the time longing to go into action, if the best men were being chosen for such a service, no one could make light of your courage nor feats of arms. If you were struck by a dart or smitten in close combat, it would not be from behind, in your neck nor back, but the weapon would hit you in the chest or belly as you were pressing forward to a place in the front ranks. But let us no longer stay here talking like children, lest we be ill spoken of; go, fetch your spear from the tent at once.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.295–310", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, Μηριόνης δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ\nκαρπαλίμως κλισίηθεν ἀνείλετο χάλκεον ἔγχος,\nβῆ δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενῆα μέγα πτολέμοιο μεμηλώς.\nοἷος δὲ βροτολοιγὸς Ἄρης πόλεμον δὲ μέτεισι,\nτῷ δὲ Φόβος φίλος υἱὸς ἅμα κρατερὸς καὶ ἀταρβὴς\nἕσπετο, ὅς τʼ ἐφόβησε ταλάφρονά περ πολεμιστήν·\nτὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐκ Θρῄκης Ἐφύρους μέτα θωρήσσεσθον,\nἠὲ μετὰ Φλεγύας μεγαλήτορας· οὐδʼ ἄρα τώ γε\nἔκλυον ἀμφοτέρων, ἑτέροισι δὲ κῦδος ἔδωκαν·\nτοῖοι Μηριόνης τε καὶ Ἰδομενεὺς ἀγοὶ ἀνδρῶν\nἤϊσαν ἐς πόλεμον κεκορυθμένοι αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.\nτὸν καὶ Μηριόνης πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·\nΔευκαλίδη πῇ τὰρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλον;\nἢ ἐπὶ δεξιόφιν παντὸς στρατοῦ, ἦ ἀνὰ μέσσους,\nἦ ἐπʼ ἀριστερόφιν; ἐπεὶ οὔ ποθι ἔλπομαι οὕτω\nδεύεσθαι πολέμοιο κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "On this Meriones, peer of Mars, went to the tent and got himself a spear of bronze. He then followed after Idomeneus, big with great deeds of valour. As when baneful Mars sallies forth to battle, and his son Panic so strong and dauntless goes with him, to strike terror even into the heart of a hero, the pair have gone from Thrace to arm themselves among the Ephyri or the brave Phlegyans, but they will not listen to both the contending hosts, and will give victory to one side or to the other, even so did Meriones and Idomeneus, captains of men, go out to battle clad in their bronze armour. Meriones was first to speak. “Son of Deucalion,” said he, “where would you have us begin fighting? On the right wing of the host, in the centre, or on the left wing, where I take it the Achaeans will be weakest?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.311–327", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nνηυσὶ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃσιν ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἄλλοι\nΑἴαντές τε δύω Τεῦκρός θʼ, ὃς ἄριστος Ἀχαιῶν\nτοξοσύνῃ, ἀγαθὸς δὲ καὶ ἐν σταδίῃ ὑσμίνῃ·\nοἵ μιν ἅδην ἐλόωσι καὶ ἐσσύμενον πολέμοιο\nἝκτορα Πριαμίδην, καὶ εἰ μάλα καρτερός ἐστιν.\nαἰπύ οἱ ἐσσεῖται μάλα περ μεμαῶτι μάχεσθαι\nκείνων νικήσαντι μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους\nνῆας ἐνιπρῆσαι, ὅτε μὴ αὐτός γε Κρονίων\nἐμβάλοι αἰθόμενον δαλὸν νήεσσι θοῇσιν.\nἀνδρὶ δέ κʼ οὐκ εἴξειε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,\nὃς θνητός τʼ εἴη καὶ ἔδοι Δημήτερος ἀκτὴν\nχαλκῷ τε ῥηκτὸς μεγάλοισί τε χερμαδίοισιν.\nοὐδʼ ἂν Ἀχιλλῆϊ ῥηξήνορι χωρήσειεν\nἔν γʼ αὐτοσταδίῃ· ποσὶ δʼ οὔ πως ἔστιν ἐρίζειν.\nνῶϊν δʼ ὧδʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστέρʼ ἔχε στρατοῦ, ὄφρα τάχιστα\nεἴδομεν ἠέ τῳ εὖχος ὀρέξομεν, ἦέ τις ἡμῖν.", "en": "Idomeneus answered, “There are others to defend the centre, the two Ajaxes and Teucer, who is the finest archer of all the Achaeans, and is good also in a hand-to-hand fight. These will give Hector son of Priam enough to do; fight as he may, he will find it hard to vanquish their indomitable fury, and fire the ships, unless the son of Saturn fling a firebrand upon them with his own hand. Great Ajax son of Telamon will yield to no man who is in mortal mould and eats the grain of Ceres, if bronze and great stones can overthrow him. He would not yield even to Achilles in hand-to-hand fight, and in fleetness of foot there is none to beat him; let us turn therefore towards the left wing, that we may know forthwith whether we are to give glory to some other, or he to us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.328–344", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, Μηριόνης δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ\nἦρχʼ ἴμεν, ὄφρʼ ἀφίκοντο κατὰ στρατὸν ᾗ μιν ἀνώγει,\nοἳ δʼ ὡς Ἰδομενῆα ἴδον φλογὶ εἴκελον ἀλκὴν\nαὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα σὺν ἔντεσι δαιδαλέοισι,\nκεκλόμενοι καθʼ ὅμιλον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν·\nτῶν δʼ ὁμὸν ἵστατο νεῖκος ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν.\nὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε τε πλείστη κόνις ἀμφὶ κελεύθους,\nοἵ τʼ ἄμυδις κονίης μεγάλην ἱστᾶσιν ὀμίχλην,\nὣς ἄρα τῶν ὁμόσʼ ἦλθε μάχη, μέμασαν δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ\nἀλλήλους καθʼ ὅμιλον ἐναιρέμεν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ.\nἔφριξεν δὲ μάχη φθισίμβροτος ἐγχείῃσι\nμακρῇς, ἃς εἶχον ταμεσίχροας· ὄσσε δʼ ἄμερδεν\nαὐγὴ χαλκείη κορύθων ἄπο λαμπομενάων\nθωρήκων τε νεοσμήκτων σακέων τε φαεινῶν\nἐρχομένων ἄμυδις· μάλα κεν θρασυκάρδιος εἴη\nὃς τότε γηθήσειεν ἰδὼν πόνον οὐδʼ ἀκάχοιτο.", "en": "Meriones, peer of fleet Mars, then led the way till they came to the part of the host which Idomeneus had named.\nNow when the Trojans saw Idomeneus coming on like a flame of fire, him and his squire clad in their richly wrought armour, they shouted and made towards him all in a body, and a furious hand-to-hand fight raged under the ships’ sterns. Fierce as the shrill winds that whistle upon a day when dust lies deep on the roads, and the gusts raise it into a thick cloud, even such was the fury of the combat, and might and main did they hack at each other with spear and sword throughout the host. The field bristled with the long and deadly spears which they bore. Dazzling was the sheen of their gleaming helmets, their fresh-burnished breastplates, and glittering shields as they joined battle with one another. Iron indeed must be his courage who could take pleasure in the sight of such a turmoil, and look on it without being dismayed." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.345–360", "orig": "τὼ δʼ ἀμφὶς φρονέοντε δύω Κρόνου υἷε κραταιὼ\nἀνδράσιν ἡρώεσσιν ἐτεύχετον ἄλγεα λυγρά.\nΖεὺς μέν ῥα Τρώεσσι καὶ Ἕκτορι βούλετο νίκην\nκυδαίνων Ἀχιλῆα πόδας ταχύν· οὐδέ τι πάμπαν\nἤθελε λαὸν ὀλέσθαι Ἀχαιϊκὸν Ἰλιόθι πρό,\nἀλλὰ Θέτιν κύδαινε καὶ υἱέα καρτερόθυμον.\nἈργείους δὲ Ποσειδάων ὀρόθυνε μετελθὼν\nλάθρῃ ὑπεξαναδὺς πολιῆς ἁλός· ἤχθετο γάρ ῥα\nΤρωσὶν δαμναμένους, Διὶ δὲ κρατερῶς ἐνεμέσσα.\nἦ μὰν ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γένος ἠδʼ ἴα πάτρη,\nἀλλὰ Ζεὺς πρότερος γεγόνει καὶ πλείονα ᾔδη.\nτώ ῥα καὶ ἀμφαδίην μὲν ἀλεξέμεναι ἀλέεινε,\nλάθρῃ δʼ αἰὲν ἔγειρε κατὰ στρατὸν ἀνδρὶ ἐοικώς.\nτοὶ δʼ ἔριδος κρατερῆς καὶ ὁμοιΐου πτολέμοιο\nπεῖραρ ἐπαλλάξαντες ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέροισι τάνυσσαν\nἄρρηκτόν τʼ ἄλυτόν τε, τὸ πολλῶν γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν.", "en": "Thus did the two mighty sons of Saturn devise evil for mortal heroes. Jove was minded to give victory to the Trojans and to Hector, so as to do honour to fleet Achilles, nevertheless he did not mean to utterly overthrow the Achaean host before Ilius, and only wanted to glorify Thetis and her valiant son. Neptune on the other hand went about among the Argives to incite them, having come up from the grey sea in secret, for he was grieved at seeing them vanquished by the Trojans, and was furiously angry with Jove. Both were of the same race and country, but Jove was elder born and knew more, therefore Neptune feared to defend the Argives openly, but in the likeness of man, he kept on encouraging them throughout their host. Thus, then, did these two devise a knot of war and battle, that none could unloose or break, and set both sides tugging at it, to the failing of men’s knees beneath them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.361–382", "orig": "ἔνθα μεσαιπόλιός περ ἐὼν Δαναοῖσι κελεύσας\nἸδομενεὺς Τρώεσσι μετάλμενος ἐν φόβον ὦρσε.\nπέφνε γὰρ Ὀθρυονῆα Καβησόθεν ἔνδον ἐόντα,\nὅς ῥα νέον πολέμοιο μετὰ κλέος εἰληλούθει,\nᾔτεε δὲ Πριάμοιο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην\nΚασσάνδρην ἀνάεδνον, ὑπέσχετο δὲ μέγα ἔργον,\nἐκ Τροίης ἀέκοντας ἀπωσέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.\nτῷ δʼ ὁ γέρων Πρίαμος ὑπό τʼ ἔσχετο καὶ κατένευσε\nδωσέμεναι· ὃ δὲ μάρναθʼ ὑποσχεσίῃσι πιθήσας.\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ αὐτοῖο τιτύσκετο δουρὶ φαεινῷ,\nκαὶ βάλεν ὕψι βιβάντα τυχών· οὐδʼ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ\nχάλκεος, ὃν φορέεσκε, μέσῃ δʼ ἐν γαστέρι πῆξε.\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο φώνησέν τε·\nὈθρυονεῦ περὶ δή σε βροτῶν αἰνίζομʼ ἁπάντων\nεἰ ἐτεὸν δὴ πάντα τελευτήσεις ὅσʼ ὑπέστης\nΔαρδανίδῃ Πριάμῳ· ὃ δʼ ὑπέσχετο θυγατέρα ἥν.\nκαί κέ τοι ἡμεῖς ταῦτά γʼ ὑποσχόμενοι τελέσαιμεν,\nδοῖμεν δʼ Ἀτρεΐδαο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην\nἌργεος ἐξαγαγόντες ὀπυιέμεν, εἴ κε σὺν ἄμμιν\nἸλίου ἐκπέρσῃς εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον.\nἀλλʼ ἕπεʼ, ὄφρʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ συνώμεθα ποντοπόροισιν\nἀμφὶ γάμῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι ἐεδνωταὶ κακοί εἰμεν.", "en": "And now Idomeneus, though his hair was already flecked with grey, called loud on the Danaans and spread panic among the Trojans as he leaped in among them. He slew Othryoneus from Cabesus, a sojourner, who had but lately come to take part in the war. He sought Cassandra, the fairest of Priam’s daughters, in marriage, but offered no gifts of wooing, for he promised a great thing, to wit, that he would drive the sons of the Achaeans willy nilly from Troy; old King Priam had given his consent and promised her to him, whereon he fought on the strength of the promises thus made to him. Idomeneus aimed a spear, and hit him as he came striding on. His cuirass of bronze did not protect him, and the spear stuck in his belly, so that he fell heavily to the ground. Then Idomeneus vaunted over him saying, “Othryoneus, there is no one in the world whom I shall admire more than I do you, if you indeed perform what you have promised Priam son of Dardanus in return for his daughter. We too will make you an offer; we will give you the loveliest daughter of the son of Atreus, and will bring her from Argos for you to marry, if you will sack the goodly city of Ilius in company with ourselves; so come along with me, that we may make a covenant at the ships about the marriage, and we will not be hard upon you about gifts of wooing.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.383–401", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην\nἥρως Ἰδομενεύς· τῷ δʼ Ἄσιος ἦλθʼ ἐπαμύντωρ\nπεζὸς πρόσθʼ ἵππων· τὼ δὲ πνείοντε κατʼ ὤμων\nαἰὲν ἔχʼ ἡνίοχος θεράπων· ὃ δὲ ἵετο θυμῷ\nἸδομενῆα βαλεῖν· ὃ δέ μιν φθάμενος βάλε δουρὶ\nλαιμὸν ὑπʼ ἀνθερεῶνα, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.\nἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπεν ἢ ἀχερωῒς\nἠὲ πίτυς βλωθρή, τήν τʼ οὔρεσι τέκτονες ἄνδρες\nἐξέταμον πελέκεσσι νεήκεσι νήϊον εἶναι·\nὣς ὃ πρόσθʼ ἵππων καὶ δίφρου κεῖτο τανυσθεὶς\nβεβρυχὼς κόνιος δεδραγμένος αἱματοέσσης.\nἐκ δέ οἱ ἡνίοχος πλήγη φρένας ἃς πάρος εἶχεν,\nοὐδʼ ὅ γʼ ἐτόλμησεν δηΐων ὑπὸ χεῖρας ἀλύξας\nἂψ ἵππους στρέψαι, τὸν δʼ Ἀντίλοχος μενεχάρμης\nδουρὶ μέσον περόνησε τυχών· οὐδʼ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ\nχάλκεος ὃν φορέεσκε, μέσῃ δʼ ἐν γαστέρι πῆξεν.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ ἀσθμαίνων εὐεργέος ἔκπεσε δίφρου,\nἵππους δʼ Ἀντίλοχος μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱὸς\nἐξέλασε Τρώων μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "With this Idomeneus began dragging him by the foot through the thick of the fight, but Asius came up to protect the body, on foot, in front of his horses which his esquire drove so close behind him that he could feel their breath upon his shoulder. He was longing to strike down Idomeneus, but ere he could do so Idomeneus smote him with his spear in the throat under the chin, and the bronze point went clean through it. He fell as an oak, or poplar, or pine which shipwrights have felled for ship’s timber upon the mountains with whetted axes, even thus did he lie full length in front of his chariot and horses, grinding his teeth and clutching at the blood-stained dust. His charioteer was struck with panic and did not dare turn his horses round and escape: thereupon Antilochus hit him in the middle of his body with a spear; his cuirass of bronze did not protect him, and the spear stuck in his belly. He fell gasping from his chariot and Antilochus, great Nestor’s son, drove his horses from the Trojans to the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.402–416", "orig": "Δηΐφοβος δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἤλυθεν Ἰδομενῆος\nἈσίου ἀχνύμενος, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος\nἸδομενεύς· κρύφθη γὰρ ὑπʼ ἀσπίδι πάντοσʼ ἐΐσῃ,\nτὴν ἄρʼ ὅ γε ῥινοῖσι βοῶν καὶ νώροπι χαλκῷ\nδινωτὴν φορέεσκε, δύω κανόνεσσʼ ἀραρυῖαν·\nτῇ ὕπο πᾶς ἐάλη, τὸ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,\nκαρφαλέον δέ οἱ ἀσπὶς ἐπιθρέξαντος ἄϋσεν\nἔγχεος· οὐδʼ ἅλιόν ῥα βαρείης χειρὸς ἀφῆκεν,\nἀλλʼ ἔβαλʼ Ἱππασίδην Ὑψήνορα ποιμένα λαῶν\nἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσε.\nΔηΐφοβος δʼ ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nοὐ μὰν αὖτʼ ἄτιτος κεῖτʼ Ἄσιος, ἀλλά ἕ φημι\nεἰς Ἄϊδός περ ἰόντα πυλάρταο κρατεροῖο\nγηθήσειν κατὰ θυμόν, ἐπεί ῥά οἱ ὤπασα πομπόν.", "en": "Deiphobus then came close up to Idomeneus to avenge Asius, and took aim at him with a spear, but Idomeneus was on the look-out and avoided it, for he was covered by the round shield he always bore, a shield of ox-hide and bronze with two arm-rods on the inside. He crouched under cover of this, and the spear flew over him, but the shield rang out as the spear grazed it, and the weapon sped not in vain from the strong hand of Deiphobus, for it struck Hypsenor son of Hippasus, shepherd of his people, in the liver under the midriff, and his limbs failed beneath him. Deiphobus vaunted over him and cried with a loud voice saying, “Of a truth Asius has not fallen unavenged; he will be glad even while passing into the house of Hades, strong warden of the gate, that I have sent some one to escort him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.417–438", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο,\nἈντιλόχῳ δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινεν·\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑοῦ ἀμέλησεν ἑταίρου,\nἀλλὰ θέων περίβη καί οἱ σάκος ἀμφεκάλυψε.\nτὸν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ὑποδύντε δύω ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι\nΜηκιστεὺς Ἐχίοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ἀλάστωρ,\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς φερέτην βαρέα στενάχοντα.\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ οὐ λῆγε μένος μέγα, ἵετο δʼ αἰεὶ\nἠέ τινα Τρώων ἐρεβεννῇ νυκτὶ καλύψαι\nἢ αὐτὸς δουπῆσαι ἀμύνων λοιγὸν Ἀχαιοῖς.\nἔνθʼ Αἰσυήταο διοτρεφέος φίλον υἱὸν\nἥρωʼ Ἀλκάθοον, γαμβρὸς δʼ ἦν Ἀγχίσαο,\nπρεσβυτάτην δʼ ὤπυιε θυγατρῶν Ἱπποδάμειαν\nτὴν περὶ κῆρι φίλησε πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nἐν μεγάρῳ· πᾶσαν γὰρ ὁμηλικίην ἐκέκαστο\nκάλλεϊ καὶ ἔργοισιν ἰδὲ φρεσί· τοὔνεκα καί μιν\nγῆμεν ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ εὐρείῃ·\nτὸν τόθʼ ὑπʼ Ἰδομενῆϊ Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσε\nθέλξας ὄσσε φαεινά, πέδησε δὲ φαίδιμα γυῖα·\nοὔτε γὰρ ἐξοπίσω φυγέειν δύνατʼ οὔτʼ ἀλέασθαι,\nἀλλʼ ὥς τε στήλην ἢ δένδρεον ὑψιπέτηλον\nἀτρέμας ἑσταότα στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρὶ", "en": "Thus did he vaunt, and the Argives were stung by his saying. Noble Antilochus was more angry than any one, but grief did not make him forget his friend and comrade. He ran up to him, bestrode him, and covered him with his shield; then two of his staunch comrades, Mecisteus son of Echius, and Alastor, stooped down, and bore him away groaning heavily to the ships. But Idomeneus ceased not his fury. He kept on striving continually either to enshroud some Trojan in the darkness of death, or himself to fall while warding off the evil day from the Achaeans. Then fell Alcathous son of noble Aesyetes; he was son-in-law to Anchises, having married his eldest daughter Hippodameia, who was the darling of her father and mother, and excelled all her generation in beauty, accomplishments, and understanding, wherefore the bravest man in all Troy had taken her to wife, him did Neptune lay low by the hand of Idomeneus, blinding his bright eyes and binding his strong limbs in fetters so that he could neither go back nor to one side, but stood stock still like pillar or lofty tree when Idomeneus struck him with a spear in the middle of his chest." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.439–454", "orig": "ἥρως Ἰδομενεύς, ῥῆξεν δέ οἱ ἀμφὶ χιτῶνα\nχάλκεον, ὅς οἱ πρόσθεν ἀπὸ χροὸς ἤρκει ὄλεθρον·\nδὴ τότε γʼ αὖον ἄϋσεν ἐρεικόμενος περὶ δουρί.\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, δόρυ δʼ ἐν κραδίῃ ἐπεπήγει,\nἥ ῥά οἱ ἀσπαίρουσα καὶ οὐρίαχον πελέμιζεν\nἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης·\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας\nΔηΐφοβʼ ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶναι\nτρεῖς ἑνὸς ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι; ἐπεὶ σύ περ εὔχεαι οὕτω.\nδαιμόνιʼ ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐναντίον ἵστασʼ ἐμεῖο,\nὄφρα ἴδῃ οἷος Ζηνὸς γόνος ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνω,\nὃς πρῶτον Μίνωα τέκε Κρήτῃ ἐπίουρον·\nΜίνως δʼ αὖ τέκεθʼ υἱὸν ἀμύμονα Δευκαλίωνα,\nΔευκαλίων δʼ ἐμὲ τίκτε πολέσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα\nΚρήτῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ· νῦν δʼ ἐνθάδε νῆες ἔνεικαν\nσοί τε κακὸν καὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοισι Τρώεσσιν.", "en": "The coat of mail that had hitherto protected his body was now broken, and rang harshly as the spear tore through it. He fell heavily to the ground, and the spear stuck in his heart, which still beat, and made the butt-end of the spear quiver till dread Mars put an end to his life. Idomeneus vaunted over him and cried with a loud voice saying, “Deiphobus, since you are in a mood to vaunt, shall we cry quits now that we have killed three men to your one? Nay, sir, stand in fight with me yourself, that you may learn what manner of Jove-begotten man am I that have come hither. Jove first begot Minos, chief ruler in Crete, and Minos in his turn begot a son, noble Deucalion. Deucalion begot me to be a ruler over many men in Crete, and my ships have now brought me hither, to be the bane of yourself, your father, and the Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.455–467", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, Δηΐφοβος δὲ διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν\nἤ τινά που Τρώων ἑταρίσσαιτο μεγαθύμων\nἂψ ἀναχωρήσας, ἦ πειρήσαιτο καὶ οἶος.\nὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι\nβῆναι ἐπʼ Αἰνείαν· τὸν δʼ ὕστατον εὗρεν ὁμίλου\nἑσταότʼ· αἰεὶ γὰρ Πριάμῳ ἐπεμήνιε δίῳ\nοὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα μετʼ ἀνδράσιν οὔ τι τίεσκεν.\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΑἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ\nγαμβρῷ ἀμυνέμεναι, εἴ πέρ τί σε κῆδος ἱκάνει.\nἀλλʼ ἕπευ Ἀλκαθόῳ ἐπαμύνομεν, ὅς σε πάρος γε\nγαμβρὸς ἐὼν ἔθρεψε δόμοις ἔνι τυτθὸν ἐόντα·\nτὸν δέ τοι Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἐξενάριξεν.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and Deiphobus was in two minds, whether to go back and fetch some other Trojan to help him, or to take up the challenge single-handed. In the end, he deemed it best to go and fetch Aeneas, whom he found standing in the rear, for he had long been aggrieved with Priam because in spite of his brave deeds he did not give him his due share of honour. Deiphobus went up to him and said, “Aeneas, prince among the Trojans, if you know any ties of kinship, help me now to defend the body of your sister’s husband; come with me to the rescue of Alcathous, who being husband to your sister brought you up when you were a child in his house, and now Idomeneus has slain him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.468–486", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε,\nβῆ δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενῆα μέγα πτολέμοιο μεμηλώς.\nἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἰδομενῆα φόβος λάβε τηλύγετον ὥς,\nἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ὡς ὅτε τις σῦς οὔρεσιν ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,\nὅς τε μένει κολοσυρτὸν ἐπερχόμενον πολὺν ἀνδρῶν\nχώρῳ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ, φρίσσει δέ τε νῶτον ὕπερθεν·\nὀφθαλμὼ δʼ ἄρα οἱ πυρὶ λάμπετον· αὐτὰρ ὀδόντας\nθήγει, ἀλέξασθαι μεμαὼς κύνας ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρας·\nὣς μένεν Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτός, οὐδʼ ὑπεχώρει,\nΑἰνείαν ἐπιόντα βοηθόον· αὖε δʼ ἑταίρους\nἈσκάλαφόν τʼ ἐσορῶν Ἀφαρῆά τε Δηΐπυρόν τε\nΜηριόνην τε καὶ Ἀντίλοχον μήστωρας ἀϋτῆς·\nτοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nδεῦτε φίλοι, καί μʼ οἴῳ ἀμύνετε· δείδια δʼ αἰνῶς\nΑἰνείαν ἐπιόντα πόδας ταχύν, ὅς μοι ἔπεισιν,\nὃς μάλα καρτερός ἐστι μάχῃ ἔνι φῶτας ἐναίρειν·\nκαὶ δʼ ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.\nεἰ γὰρ ὁμηλικίη γε γενοίμεθα τῷδʼ ἐπὶ θυμῷ\nαἶψά κεν ἠὲ φέροιτο μέγα κράτος, ἠὲ φεροίμην.", "en": "With these words he moved the heart of Aeneas, and he went in pursuit of Idomeneus, big with great deeds of valour; but Idomeneus was not to be thus daunted as though he were a mere child; he held his ground as a wild boar at bay upon the mountains, who abides the coming of a great crowd of men in some lonely place, the bristles stand upright on his back, his eyes flash fire, and he whets his tusks in his eagerness to defend himself against hounds and men, even so did famed Idomeneus hold his ground and budge not at the coming of Aeneas. He cried aloud to his comrades looking towards Ascalaphus, Aphareus, Deipyrus, Meriones, and Antilochus, all of them brave soldiers, “Hither my friends,” he cried, “and leave me not single-handed, I go in great fear by fleet Aeneas, who is coming against me, and is a redoubtable dispenser of death battle. Moreover he is in the flower of youth when a man’s strength is greatest; if I was of the same age as he is and in my present mind, either he or I should soon bear away the prize of victory.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.487–502", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες\nπλησίοι ἔστησαν, σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες.\nΑἰνείας δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκέκλετο οἷς ἑτάροισι\nΔηΐφοβόν τε Πάριν τʼ ἐσορῶν καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον,\nοἵ οἱ ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνες Τρώων ἔσαν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nλαοὶ ἕπονθʼ, ὡς εἴ τε μετὰ κτίλον ἕσπετο μῆλα\nπιόμενʼ ἐκ βοτάνης· γάνυται δʼ ἄρα τε φρένα ποιμήν·\nὣς Αἰνείᾳ θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει\nὡς ἴδε λαῶν ἔθνος ἐπισπόμενον ἑοῖ αὐτῷ.\nοἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀλκαθόῳ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν\nμακροῖσι ξυστοῖσι· περὶ στήθεσσι δὲ χαλκὸς\nσμερδαλέον κονάβιζε τιτυσκομένων καθʼ ὅμιλον\nἀλλήλων· δύο δʼ ἄνδρες ἀρήϊοι ἔξοχον ἄλλων\nΑἰνείας τε καὶ Ἰδομενεὺς ἀτάλαντοι Ἄρηϊ\nἵεντʼ ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.\nΑἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισεν Ἰδομενῆος·", "en": "On this, all of them as one man stood near him, shield on shoulder. Aeneas on the other side called to his comrades, looking towards Deiphobus, Paris, and Agenor, who were leaders of the Trojans along with himself, and the people followed them as sheep follow the ram when they go down to drink after they have been feeding, and the heart of the shepherd is glad, even so was the heart of Aeneas gladdened when he saw his people follow him.\nThen they fought furiously in close combat about the body of Alcathous, wielding their long spears; and the bronze armour about their bodies rang fearfully as they took aim at one another in the press of the fight, while the two heroes Aeneas and Idomeneus, peers of Mars, outvied everyone in their desire to hack at each other with sword and spear." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.503–520", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,\nαἰχμὴ δʼ Αἰνείαο κραδαινομένη κατὰ γαίης\nᾤχετʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἅλιον στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὄρουσεν.\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ ἄρα Οἰνόμαον βάλε γαστέρα μέσσην,\nῥῆξε δὲ θώρηκος γύαλον, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς\nἤφυσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ ἐκ μὲν νέκυος δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος\nἐσπάσατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἄλλα δυνήσατο τεύχεα καλὰ\nὤμοιιν ἀφελέσθαι· ἐπείγετο γὰρ βελέεσσιν.\nοὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔμπεδα γυῖα ποδῶν ἦν ὁρμηθέντι,\nοὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐπαΐξαι μεθʼ ἑὸν· βέλος οὔτʼ ἀλέασθαι.\nτώ ῥα καὶ ἐν σταδίῃ μὲν ἀμύνετο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ,\nτρέσσαι δʼ οὐκ ἔτι ῥίμφα πόδες φέρον ἐκ πολέμοιο.\nτοῦ δὲ βάδην ἀπιόντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nΔηΐφοβος· δὴ γάρ οἱ ἔχεν κότον ἐμμενὲς αἰεί.\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε καὶ τόθʼ ἅμαρτεν, ὃ δʼ Ἀσκάλαφον βάλε δουρὶ\nυἱὸν Ἐνυαλίοιο· διʼ ὤμου δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος\nἔσχεν· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.", "en": "Aeneas took aim first, but Idomeneus was on the look-out and avoided the spear, so that it sped from Aeneas’ strong hand in vain, and fell quivering in the ground. Idomeneus meanwhile smote Oenomaus in the middle of his belly, and broke the plate of his corslet, whereon his bowels came gushing out and he clutched the earth in the palms of his hands as he fell sprawling in the dust. Idomeneus drew his spear out of the body, but could not strip him of the rest of his armour for the rain of darts that were showered upon him: moreover his strength was now beginning to fail him so that he could no longer charge, and could neither spring forward to recover his own weapon nor swerve aside to avoid one that was aimed at him; therefore, though he still defended himself in hand-to-hand fight, his heavy feet could not bear him swiftly out of the battle. Deiphobus aimed a spear at him as he was retreating slowly from the field, for his bitterness against him was as fierce as ever, but again he missed him, and hit Ascalaphus, the son of Mars; the spear went through his shoulder, and he clutched the earth in the palms of his hands as he fell sprawling in the dust." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.521–539", "orig": "οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι πέπυστο βριήπυος ὄβριμος Ἄρης\nυἷος ἑοῖο πεσόντος ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἄκρῳ Ὀλύμπῳ ὑπὸ χρυσέοισι νέφεσσιν\nἧστο Διὸς βουλῇσιν ἐελμένος, ἔνθά περ ἄλλοι\nἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἦσαν ἐεργόμενοι πολέμοιο.\nοἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀσκαλάφῳ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν·\nΔηΐφοβος μὲν ἀπʼ Ἀσκαλάφου πήληκα φαεινὴν\nἥρπασε, Μηριόνης δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ\nδουρὶ βραχίονα τύψεν ἐπάλμενος, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρὸς\nαὐλῶπις τρυφάλεια χαμαὶ βόμβησε πεσοῦσα.\nΜηριόνης δʼ ἐξ αὖτις ἐπάλμενος αἰγυπιὸς ὣς\nἐξέρυσε πρυμνοῖο βραχίονος ὄβριμον ἔγχος,\nἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο. τὸν δὲ Πολίτης\nαὐτοκασίγνητος περὶ μέσσῳ χεῖρε τιτήνας\nἐξῆγεν πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, ὄφρʼ ἵκεθʼ ἵππους\nὠκέας, οἵ οἱ ὄπισθε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο\nἕστασαν ἡνίοχόν τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔχοντες·\nοἳ τόν γε προτὶ ἄστυ φέρον βαρέα στενάχοντα\nτειρόμενον· κατὰ δʼ αἷμα νεουτάτου ἔρρεε χειρός.", "en": "Grim Mars of awful voice did not yet know that his son had fallen, for he was sitting on the summits of Olympus under the golden clouds, by command of Jove, where the other gods were also sitting, forbidden to take part in the battle. Meanwhile men fought furiously about the body. Deiphobus tore the helmet from off his head, but Meriones sprang upon him, and struck him on the arm with a spear so that the visored helmet fell from his hand and came ringing down upon the ground. Thereon Meriones sprang upon him like a vulture, drew the spear from his shoulder, and fell back under cover of his men. Then Polites, own brother of Deiphobus passed his arms around his waist, and bore him away from the battle till he got to his horses that were standing in the rear of the fight with the chariot and their driver. These took him towards the city groaning and in great pain, with the blood flowing from his arm." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.540–559", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι μάρναντο, βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει.\nἔνθʼ Αἰνέας Ἀφαρῆα Καλητορίδην ἐπορούσας\nλαιμὸν τύψʼ ἐπὶ οἷ τετραμμένον ὀξέϊ δουρί·\nἐκλίνθη δʼ ἑτέρωσε κάρη, ἐπὶ δʼ ἀσπὶς ἑάφθη\nκαὶ κόρυς, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής.\nἈντίλοχος δὲ Θόωνα μεταστρεφθέντα δοκεύσας\nοὔτασʼ ἐπαΐξας, ἀπὸ δὲ φλέβα πᾶσαν ἔκερσεν,\nἥ τʼ ἀνὰ νῶτα θέουσα διαμπερὲς αὐχένʼ ἱκάνει·\nτὴν ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ἔκερσεν· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι\nκάππεσεν, ἄμφω χεῖρε φίλοις ἑτάροισι πετάσσας.\nἈντίλοχος δʼ ἐπόρουσε, καὶ αἴνυτο τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων\nπαπταίνων· Τρῶες δὲ περισταδὸν ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος\nοὔταζον σάκος εὐρὺ παναίολον, οὐδὲ δύναντο\nεἴσω ἐπιγράψαι τέρενα χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ\nἈντιλόχου· πέρι γάρ ῥα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων\nΝέστορος υἱὸν ἔρυτο καὶ ἐν πολλοῖσι βέλεσσιν.\nοὐ μὲν γάρ ποτʼ ἄνευ δηΐων ἦν, ἀλλὰ κατʼ αὐτοὺς\nστρωφᾶτʼ· οὐδέ οἱ ἔγχος ἔχʼ ἀτρέμας, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰεὶ\nσειόμενον ἐλέλικτο· τιτύσκετο δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν\nἤ τευ ἀκοντίσσαι, ἠὲ σχεδὸν ὁρμηθῆναι.", "en": "The others still fought on, and the battle-cry rose to heaven without ceasing. Aeneas sprang on Aphareus son of Caletor, and struck him with a spear in his throat which was turned towards him; his head fell on one side, his helmet and shield came down along with him, and death, life’s foe, was shed around him. Antilochus spied his chance, flew forward towards Thoon, and wounded him as he was turning round. He laid open the vein that runs all the way up the back to the neck; he cut this vein clean away throughout its whole course, and Thoon fell in the dust face upwards, stretching out his hands imploringly towards his comrades. Antilochus sprang upon him and stripped the armour from his shoulders, glaring round him fearfully as he did so. The Trojans came about him on every side and struck his broad and gleaming shield, but could not wound his body, for Neptune stood guard over the son of Nestor, though the darts fell thickly round him. He was never clear of the foe, but was always in the thick of the fight; his spear was never idle; he poised and aimed it in every direction, so eager was he to hit someone from a distance or to fight him hand to hand." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.560–580", "orig": "ἀλλʼ οὐ λῆθʼ Ἀδάμαντα τιτυσκόμενος καθʼ ὅμιλον\nἈσιάδην, ὅ οἱ οὖτα μέσον σάκος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ\nἐγγύθεν ὁρμηθείς· ἀμενήνωσεν δέ οἱ αἰχμὴν\nκυανοχαῖτα Ποσειδάων βιότοιο μεγήρας.\nκαὶ τὸ μὲν αὐτοῦ μεῖνʼ ὥς τε σκῶλος πυρίκαυστος\nἐν σάκει Ἀντιλόχοιο, τὸ δʼ ἥμισυ κεῖτʼ ἐπὶ γαίης·\nἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων·\nΜηριόνης δʼ ἀπιόντα μετασπόμενος βάλε δουρὶ\nαἰδοίων τε μεσηγὺ καὶ ὀμφαλοῦ, ἔνθα μάλιστα\nγίγνετʼ Ἄρης ἀλεγεινὸς ὀϊζυροῖσι βροτοῖσιν.\nἔνθά οἱ ἔγχος ἔπηξεν· ὃ δʼ ἑσπόμενος περὶ δουρὶ\nἤσπαιρʼ ὡς ὅτε βοῦς τόν τʼ οὔρεσι βουκόλοι ἄνδρες\nἰλλάσιν οὐκ ἐθέλοντα βίῃ δήσαντες ἄγουσιν·\nὣς ὃ τυπεὶς ἤσπαιρε μίνυνθά περ, οὔ τι μάλα δήν,\nὄφρά οἱ ἐκ χροὸς ἔγχος ἀνεσπάσατʼ ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν\nἥρως Μηριόνης· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.\nΔηΐπυρον δʼ Ἕλενος ξίφεϊ σχεδὸν ἤλασε κόρσην\nΘρηϊκίῳ μεγάλῳ, ἀπὸ δὲ τρυφάλειαν ἄραξεν.\nἣ μὲν ἀποπλαγχθεῖσα χαμαὶ πέσε, καί τις Ἀχαιῶν\nμαρναμένων μετὰ ποσσὶ κυλινδομένην ἐκόμισσε·\nτὸν δὲ κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἐρεβεννὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν.", "en": "As he was thus aiming among the crowd, he was seen by Adamas, son of Asius, who rushed towards him and struck him with a spear in the middle of his shield, but Neptune made its point without effect, for he grudged him the life of Antilochus. One half, therefore, of the spear stuck fast like a charred stake in Antilochus’s shield, while the other lay on the ground. Adamas then sought shelter under cover of his men, but Meriones followed after and hit him with a spear midway between the private parts and the navel, where a wound is particularly painful to wretched mortals. There did Meriones transfix him, and he writhed convulsively about the spear as some bull whom mountain herdsmen have bound with ropes of withes and are taking away perforce. Even so did he move convulsively for a while, but not for very long, till Meriones came up and drew the spear out of his body, and his eyes were veiled in darkness.\nHelenus then struck Deipyrus with a great Thracian sword, hitting him on the temple in close combat and tearing the helmet from his head; the helmet fell to the ground, and one of those who were fighting on the Achaean side took charge of it as it rolled at his feet, but the eyes of Deipyrus were closed in the darkness of death." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.581–600", "orig": "Ἀτρεΐδην δʼ ἄχος εἷλε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον·\nβῆ δʼ ἐπαπειλήσας Ἑλένῳ ἥρωϊ ἄνακτι\nὀξὺ δόρυ κραδάων· ὃ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε.\nτὼ δʼ ἄρʼ ὁμαρτήδην ὃ μὲν ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι\nἵετʼ ἀκοντίσσαι, ὃ δʼ ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ὀϊστῷ.\nΠριαμίδης μὲν ἔπειτα κατὰ στῆθος βάλεν ἰῷ\nθώρηκος γύαλον, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπὸ πλατέος πτυόφιν μεγάλην κατʼ ἀλωὴν\nθρῴσκωσιν κύαμοι μελανόχροες ἢ ἐρέβινθοι\nπνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ καὶ λικμητῆρος ἐρωῇ,\nὣς ἀπὸ θώρηκος Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο\nπολλὸν ἀποπλαγχθεὶς ἑκὰς ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός.\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἄρα χεῖρα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος\nτὴν βάλεν ᾗ ῥʼ ἔχε τόξον ἐΰξοον· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τόξῳ\nἀντικρὺ διὰ χειρὸς ἐλήλατο χάλκεον ἔγχος.\nἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων\nχεῖρα παρακρεμάσας· τὸ δʼ ἐφέλκετο μείλινον ἔγχος.\nκαὶ τὸ μὲν ἐκ χειρὸς ἔρυσεν μεγάθυμος Ἀγήνωρ,\nαὐτὴν δὲ ξυνέδησεν ἐϋστρεφεῖ οἰὸς ἀώτῳ\nσφενδόνῃ, ἣν ἄρα οἱ θεράπων ἔχε ποιμένι λαῶν.", "en": "On this Menelaus was grieved, and made menacingly towards Helenus, brandishing his spear; but Helenus drew his bow, and the two attacked one another at one and the same moment, the one with his spear, and the other with his bow and arrow. The son of Priam hit the breastplate of Menelaus’s corslet, but the arrow glanced from off it. As black beans or pulse come pattering down on to a threshing-floor from the broad winnowing-shovel, blown by shrill winds and shaken by the shovel, even so did the arrow glance off and recoil from the shield of Menelaus, who in his turn wounded the hand with which Helenus carried his bow; the spear went right through his hand and stuck in the bow itself, so that to his life he retreated under cover of his men, with his hand dragging by his side, for the spear weighed it down till Agenor drew it out and bound the hand carefully up in a woollen sling which his esquire had with him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.601–613", "orig": "Πείσανδρος δʼ ἰθὺς Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο\nἤϊε· τὸν δʼ ἄγε μοῖρα κακὴ θανάτοιο τέλος δὲ\nσοὶ Μενέλαε δαμῆναι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες\nἈτρεΐδης μὲν ἅμαρτε, παραὶ δέ οἱ ἐτράπετʼ ἔγχος,\nΠείσανδρος δὲ σάκος Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο\nοὔτασεν, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ δυνήσατο χαλκὸν ἐλάσσαι·\nἔσχεθε γὰρ σάκος εὐρύ, κατεκλάσθη δʼ ἐνὶ καυλῷ\nἔγχος· ὃ δὲ φρεσὶν ᾗσι χάρη καὶ ἐέλπετο νίκην.\nἈτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον\nἆλτʼ ἐπὶ Πεισάνδρῳ· ὃ δʼ ὑπʼ ἀσπίδος εἵλετο καλὴν\nἀξίνην εὔχαλκον ἐλαΐνῳ ἀμφὶ πελέκκῳ\nμακρῷ ἐϋξέστῳ· ἅμα δʼ ἀλλήλων ἐφίκοντο.", "en": "Pisander then made straight at Menelaus, his evil destiny luring him on to his doom, for he was to fall in fight with you, O Menelaus. When the two were hard by one another the spear of the son of Atreus turned aside and he missed his aim; Pisander then struck the shield of brave Menelaus but could not pierce it, for the shield stayed the spear and broke the shaft; nevertheless he was glad and made sure of victory; forthwith, however, the son of Atreus drew his sword and sprang upon him. Pisander then seized the bronze battle-axe, with its long and polished handle of olive wood that hung by his side under his shield, and the two made at one another." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.614–630", "orig": "ἤτοι ὃ μὲν κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν ἱπποδασείης\nἄκρον ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, ὃ δὲ προσιόντα μέτωπον\nῥινὸς ὕπερ πυμάτης· λάκε δʼ ὀστέα, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε\nπὰρ ποσὶν αἱματόεντα χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν,\nἰδνώθη δὲ πεσών· ὃ δὲ λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βαίνων\nτεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·\nλείψετέ θην οὕτω γε νέας Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων\nΤρῶες ὑπερφίαλοι δεινῆς ἀκόρητοι ἀϋτῆς,\nἄλλης μὲν λώβης τε καὶ αἴσχεος οὐκ ἐπιδευεῖς\nἣν ἐμὲ λωβήσασθε κακαὶ κύνες, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ\nΖηνὸς ἐριβρεμέτεω χαλεπὴν ἐδείσατε μῆνιν\nξεινίου, ὅς τέ ποτʼ ὔμμι διαφθέρσει πόλιν αἰπήν·\nοἵ μευ κουριδίην ἄλοχον καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ\nμὰψ οἴχεσθʼ ἀνάγοντες, ἐπεὶ φιλέεσθε παρʼ αὐτῇ·\nνῦν αὖτʼ ἐν νηυσὶν μενεαίνετε ποντοπόροισι\nπῦρ ὀλοὸν βαλέειν, κτεῖναι δʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.\nἀλλά ποθι σχήσεσθε καὶ ἐσσύμενοί περ Ἄρηος.", "en": "Pisander struck the peak of Menelaus’s crested helmet just under the crest itself, and Menelaus hit Pisander as he was coming towards him, on the forehead, just at the rise of his nose; the bones cracked and his two gore-bedrabbled eyes fell by his feet in the dust. He fell backwards to the ground, and Menelaus set his heel upon him, stripped him of his armour, and vaunted over him saying, “Even thus shall you Trojans leave the ships of the Achaeans, proud and insatiate of battle though you be, nor shall you lack any of the disgrace and shame which you have heaped upon myself. Cowardly she-wolves that you are, you feared not the anger of dread Jove, avenger of violated hospitality, who will one day destroy your city; you stole my wedded wife and wickedly carried off much treasure when you were her guest, and now you would fling fire upon our ships, and kill our heroes. A day will come when, rage as you may, you shall be stayed." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.631–642", "orig": "Ζεῦ πάτερ ἦ τέ σέ φασι περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων\nἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ θεῶν· σέο δʼ ἐκ τάδε πάντα πέλονται·\nοἷον δὴ ἄνδρεσσι χαρίζεαι ὑβριστῇσι\nΤρωσίν, τῶν μένος αἰὲν ἀτάσθαλον, οὐδὲ δύνανται\nφυλόπιδος κορέσασθαι ὁμοιΐου πτολέμοιο.\nπάντων μὲν κόρος ἐστὶ καὶ ὕπνου καὶ φιλότητος\nμολπῆς τε γλυκερῆς καὶ ἀμύμονος ὀρχηθμοῖο,\nτῶν πέρ τις καὶ μᾶλλον ἐέλδεται ἐξ ἔρον εἷναι\nἢ πολέμου· Τρῶες δὲ μάχης ἀκόρητοι ἔασιν.\nὣς εἰπὼν τὰ μὲν ἔντεʼ ἀπὸ χροὸς αἱματόεντα\nσυλήσας ἑτάροισι δίδου Μενέλαος ἀμύμων,\nαὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐξ αὖτις ἰὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη.", "en": "O father Jove, you, who they say art above all, both gods and men, in wisdom, and from whom all things that befall us do proceed, how can you thus favour the Trojans, men so proud and overweening, that they are never tired of fighting? All things pall after a while, sleep, love, sweet song, and stately dance, still these are things of which a man would surely have his fill rather than of battle, whereas it is of battle that the Trojans are insatiate.”\nSo saying Menelaus stripped the blood-stained armour from the body of Pisander, and handed it over to his men; then he again ranged himself among those who were in the front of the fight." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.643–659", "orig": "ἔνθά οἱ υἱὸς ἐπᾶλτο Πυλαιμένεος βασιλῆος\nἉρπαλίων, ὅ ῥα πατρὶ φίλῳ ἕπετο πτολεμίξων\nἐς τροίην, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἀφίκετο πατρίδα γαῖαν·\nὅς ῥα τότʼ Ἀτρεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὔτασε δουρὶ\nἐγγύθεν, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ δυνήσατο χαλκὸν ἐλάσσαι\nἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων\nπάντοσε παπταίνων μή τις χρόα χαλκῷ ἐπαύρῃ.\nΜηριόνης δʼ ἀπιόντος ἵει χαλκήρεʼ ὀϊστόν,\nκαί ῥʼ ἔβαλε γλουτὸν κάτα δεξιόν· αὐτὰρ ὀϊστὸς\nἀντικρὺ κατὰ κύστιν ὑπʼ ὀστέον ἐξεπέρησεν.\nἑζόμενος δὲ κατʼ αὖθι φίλων ἐν χερσὶν ἑταίρων\nθυμὸν ἀποπνείων, ὥς τε σκώληξ ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nκεῖτο ταθείς· ἐκ δʼ αἷμα μέλαν ῥέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν.\nτὸν μὲν Παφλαγόνες μεγαλήτορες ἀμφεπένοντο,\nἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνέσαντες ἄγον προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρὴν\nἀχνύμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι πατὴρ κίε δάκρυα λείβων,\nποινὴ δʼ οὔ τις παιδὸς ἐγίγνετο τεθνηῶτος.", "en": "Harpalion son of King Pylaemenes then sprang upon him; he had come to fight at Troy along with his father, but he did not go home again. He struck the middle of Menelaus’s shield with his spear but could not pierce it, and to save his life drew back under cover of his men, looking round him on every side lest he should be wounded. But Meriones aimed a bronze-tipped arrow at him as he was leaving the field, and hit him on the right buttock; the arrow pierced the bone through and through, and penetrated the bladder, so he sat down where he was and breathed his last in the arms of his comrades, stretched like a worm upon the ground and watering the earth with the blood that flowed from his wound. The brave Paphlagonians tended him with all due care; they raised him into his chariot, and bore him sadly off to the city of Troy; his father went also with him weeping bitterly, but there was no ransom that could bring his dead son to life again." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.660–672", "orig": "τοῦ δὲ Πάρις μάλα θυμὸν ἀποκταμένοιο χολώθη·\nξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔην πολέσιν μετὰ Παφλαγόνεσσι·\nτοῦ ὅ γε χωόμενος προΐει χαλκήρεʼ ὀϊστόν.\nἦν δέ τις Εὐχήνωρ Πολυΐδου μάντιος υἱὸς\nἀφνειός τʼ ἀγαθός τε Κορινθόθι οἰκία ναίων,\nὅς ῥʼ εὖ εἰδὼς κῆρʼ ὀλοὴν ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινε·\nπολλάκι γάρ οἱ ἔειπε γέρων ἀγαθὸς Πολύϊδος\nνούσῳ ὑπʼ ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι οἷς ἐν μεγάροισιν,\nἢ μετʼ Ἀχαιῶν νηυσὶν ὑπὸ Τρώεσσι δαμῆναι·\nτώ ῥʼ ἅμα τʼ ἀργαλέην θωὴν ἀλέεινεν Ἀχαιῶν\nνοῦσόν τε στυγερήν, ἵνα μὴ πάθοι ἄλγεα θυμῷ.\nτὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο. καὶ οὔατος· ὦκα δὲ θυμὸς\nᾤχετʼ ἀπὸ μελέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν.", "en": "Paris was deeply grieved by the death of Harpalion, who was his host when he went among the Paphlagonians; he aimed an arrow, therefore, in order to avenge him. Now there was a certain man named Euchenor, son of Polyidus the prophet, a brave man and wealthy, whose home was in Corinth. This Euchenor had set sail for Troy well knowing that it would be the death of him, for his good old father Polyidus had often told him that he must either stay at home and die of a terrible disease, or go with the Achaeans and perish at the hands of the Trojans; he chose, therefore, to avoid incurring the heavy fine the Achaeans would have laid upon him, and at the same time to escape the pain and suffering of disease. Paris now smote him on the jaw under his ear, whereon the life went out of him and he was enshrouded in the darkness of death." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.673–684", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·\nἝκτωρ δʼ οὐκ ἐπέπυστο Διῒ φίλος, οὐδέ τι ᾔδη\nὅττί ῥά οἱ νηῶν ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ δηϊόωντο\nλαοὶ ὑπʼ Ἀργείων. τάχα δʼ ἂν καὶ κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν\nἔπλετο· τοῖος γὰρ γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος\nὄτρυνʼ Ἀργείους, πρὸς δὲ σθένει αὐτὸς ἄμυνεν·\nἀλλʼ ἔχεν ᾗ τὰ πρῶτα πύλας καὶ τεῖχος ἐσᾶλτο\nῥηξάμενος Δαναῶν πυκινὰς στίχας ἀσπιστάων,\nἔνθʼ ἔσαν Αἴαντός τε νέες καὶ Πρωτεσιλάου\nθῖνʼ ἔφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς εἰρυμέναι· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε\nτεῖχος ἐδέδμητο χθαμαλώτατον, ἔνθα μάλιστα\nζαχρηεῖς γίγνοντο μάχῃ αὐτοί τε καὶ ἵπποι.", "en": "Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. But Hector had not yet heard, and did not know that the Argives were making havoc of his men on the left wing of the battle, where the Achaeans ere long would have triumphed over them, so vigorously did Neptune cheer them on and help them. He therefore held on at the point where he had first forced his way through the gates and the wall, after breaking through the serried ranks of Danaan warriors. It was here that the ships of Ajax and Protesilaus were drawn up by the sea-shore; here the wall was at its lowest, and the fight both of man and horse raged most fiercely." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.685–700", "orig": "ἔνθα δὲ Βοιωτοὶ καὶ Ἰάονες ἑλκεχίτωνες\nΛοκροὶ καὶ Φθῖοι καὶ φαιδιμόεντες Ἐπειοὶ\nσπουδῇ ἐπαΐσσοντα νεῶν ἔχον, οὐδὲ δύναντο\nὦσαι ἀπὸ σφείων φλογὶ εἴκελον Ἕκτορα δῖον\nοἳ μὲν Ἀθηναίων προλελεγμένοι· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν\nἦρχʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς, οἳ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο\nΦείδας τε Στιχίος τε Βίας τʼ ἐΰς· αὐτὰρ Ἐπειῶν\nΦυλεΐδης τε Μέγης Ἀμφίων τε Δρακίος τε,\nπρὸ Φθίων δὲ Μέδων τε μενεπτόλεμός τε Ποδάρκης.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν νόθος υἱὸς Ὀϊλῆος θείοιο\nἔσκε Μέδων Αἴαντος ἀδελφεός· αὐτὰρ ἔναιεν\nἐν Φυλάκῃ γαίης ἄπο πατρίδος ἄνδρα κατακτὰς\nγνωτὸν μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος, ἣν ἔχʼ Ὀϊλεύς·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Ἰφίκλοιο πάϊς τοῦ Φυλακίδαο.\nοἳ μὲν πρὸ Φθίων μεγαθύμων θωρηχθέντες\nναῦφιν ἀμυνόμενοι μετὰ Βοιωτῶν ἐμάχοντο·", "en": "The Boeotians and the Ionians with their long tunics, the Locrians, the men of Phthia, and the famous force of the Epeans could hardly stay Hector as he rushed on towards the ships, nor could they drive him from them, for he was as a wall of fire. The chosen men of the Athenians were in the van, led by Menestheus son of Peteos, with whom were also Pheidas, Stichius, and stalwart Bias; Meges son of Phyleus, Amphion, and Dracius commanded the Epeans, while Medon and staunch Podarces led the men of Phthia. Of these, Medon was bastard son to Oileus and brother of Ajax, but he lived in Phylace away from his own country, for he had killed the brother of his stepmother Eriopis, the wife of Oileus; the other, Podarces, was the son of Iphiclus, son of Phylacus. These two stood in the van of the Phthians, and defended the ships along with the Boeotians." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.701–718", "orig": "Αἴας δʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς υἱὸς\nἵστατʼ ἀπʼ Αἴαντος Τελαμωνίου οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν,\nἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ἐν νειῷ βόε οἴνοπε πηκτὸν ἄροτρον\nἶσον θυμὸν ἔχοντε τιταίνετον· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρά σφι\nπρυμνοῖσιν κεράεσσι πολὺς ἀνακηκίει ἱδρώς·\nτὼ μέν τε ζυγὸν οἶον ἐΰξοον ἀμφὶς ἐέργει\nἱεμένω κατὰ ὦλκα· τέμει δέ τε τέλσον ἀρούρης·\nὣς τὼ παρβεβαῶτε μάλʼ ἕστασαν ἀλλήλοιιν.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι Τελαμωνιάδῃ πολλοί τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ\nλαοὶ ἕπονθʼ ἕταροι, οἵ οἱ σάκος ἐξεδέχοντο\nὁππότε μιν κάματός τε καὶ ἱδρὼς γούναθʼ ἵκοιτο.\nοὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ὀϊλιάδῃ μεγαλήτορι Λοκροὶ ἕποντο·\nοὐ γάρ σφι σταδίῃ ὑσμίνῃ μίμνε φίλον κῆρ·\nοὐ γὰρ ἔχον κόρυθας χαλκήρεας ἱπποδασείας,\nοὐδʼ ἔχον ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους καὶ μείλινα δοῦρα,\nἀλλʼ ἄρα τόξοισιν καὶ ἐϋστρεφεῖ οἶος ἀώτῳ\nἼλιον εἰς ἅμʼ ἕποντο πεποιθότες, οἷσιν ἔπειτα\nταρφέα βάλλοντες Τρώων ῥήγνυντο φάλαγγας·", "en": "Ajax son of Oileus, never for a moment left the side of Ajax, son of Telamon, but as two swart oxen both strain their utmost at the plough which they are drawing in a fallow field, and the sweat steams upwards from about the roots of their horns, nothing but the yoke divides them as they break up the ground till they reach the end of the field, even so did the two Ajaxes stand shoulder to shoulder by one another. Many and brave comrades followed the son of Telamon, to relieve him of his shield when he was overcome with sweat and toil, but the Locrians did not follow so close after the son of Oileus, for they could not hold their own in a hand-to-hand fight. They had no bronze helmets with plumes of horse-hair, neither had they shields nor ashen spears, but they had come to Troy armed with bows, and with slings of twisted wool from which they showered their missiles to break the ranks of the Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.719–735", "orig": "δή ῥα τόθʼ οἳ μὲν πρόσθε σὺν ἔντεσι δαιδαλέοισι\nμάρναντο Τρωσίν τε καὶ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ,\nοἳ δʼ ὄπιθεν βάλλοντες ἐλάνθανον· οὐδέ τι χάρμης\nΤρῶες μιμνήσκοντο· συνεκλόνεον γὰρ ὀϊστοί.\nἔνθά κε λευγαλέως νηῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων\nΤρῶες ἐχώρησαν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν,\nεἰ μὴ Πουλυδάμας θρασὺν Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστάς·\nἝκτορ ἀμήχανός ἐσσι παραρρητοῖσι πιθέσθαι.\nοὕνεκά τοι περὶ δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα\nτοὔνεκα καὶ βουλῇ ἐθέλεις περιίδμεναι ἄλλων·\nἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἅμα πάντα δυνήσεαι αὐτὸς ἑλέσθαι.\nἄλλῳ μὲν γὰρ ἔδωκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα,\nἄλλῳ δʼ ὀρχηστύν, ἑτέρῳ κίθαριν καὶ ἀοιδήν,\nἄλλῳ δʼ ἐν στήθεσσι τιθεῖ νόον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nἐσθλόν, τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντʼ ἄνθρωποι,\nκαί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε, μάλιστα δὲ καὐτὸς ἀνέγνω.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριστα·", "en": "The others, therefore, with their heavy armour bore the brunt of the fight with the Trojans and with Hector, while the Locrians shot from behind, under their cover; and thus the Trojans began to lose heart, for the arrows threw them into confusion.\nThe Trojans would now have been driven in sorry plight from the ships and tents back to windy Ilius, had not Polydamas presently said to Hector, “Hector, there is no persuading you to take advice. Because heaven has so richly endowed you with the arts of war, you think that you must therefore excel others in counsel; but you cannot thus claim preeminence in all things. Heaven has made one man an excellent soldier; of another it has made a dancer or a singer and player on the lyre; while yet in another Jove has implanted a wise understanding of which men reap fruit to the saving of many, and he himself knows more about it than any one; therefore I will say what I think will be best." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.736–753", "orig": "πάντῃ γάρ σε περὶ στέφανος πολέμοιο δέδηε·\nΤρῶες δὲ μεγάθυμοι ἐπεὶ κατὰ τεῖχος ἔβησαν\nοἳ μὲν ἀφεστᾶσιν σὺν τεύχεσιν, οἳ δὲ μάχονται\nπαυρότεροι πλεόνεσσι κεδασθέντες κατὰ νῆας.\nἀλλʼ ἀναχασσάμενος κάλει ἐνθάδε πάντας ἀρίστους·\nἔνθεν δʼ ἂν μάλα πᾶσαν ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα βουλὴν\nἤ κεν ἐνὶ νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι πέσωμεν\nαἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι θεὸς δόμεναι κράτος, ἦ κεν ἔπειτα\nπὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν ἀπήμονες. ἦ γὰρ ἔγωγε\nδείδω μὴ τὸ χθιζὸν ἀποστήσωνται Ἀχαιοὶ\nχρεῖος, ἐπεὶ παρὰ νηυσὶν ἀνὴρ ἆτος πολέμοιο\nμίμνει, ὃν οὐκέτι πάγχυ μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω.\nὣς φάτο Πουλυδάμας, ἅδε δʼ Ἕκτορι μῦθος ἀπήμων,\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΠουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν αὐτοῦ ἐρύκακε πάντας ἀρίστους,\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ κεῖσʼ εἶμι καὶ ἀντιόω πολέμοιο·\nαἶψα δʼ ἐλεύσομαι αὖτις ἐπὴν εὖ τοῖς ἐπιτείλω.", "en": "The fight has hemmed you in as with a circle of fire, and even now that the Trojans are within the wall some of them stand aloof in full armour, while others are fighting scattered and outnumbered near the ships. Draw back, therefore, and call your chieftains round you, that we may advise together whether to fall now upon the ships in the hope that heaven may vouchsafe us victory, or to beat a retreat while we can yet safely do so. I greatly fear that the Achaeans will pay us their debt of yesterday in full, for there is one abiding at their ships who is never weary of battle, and who will not hold aloof much longer.”\nThus spoke Polydamas, and his words pleased Hector well. He sprang in full armour from his chariot and said, “Polydamas, gather the chieftains here; I will go yonder into the fight, but will return at once when I have given them their orders.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.754–773", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ὁρμήθη ὄρεϊ νιφόεντι ἐοικὼς\nκεκλήγων, διὰ δὲ Τρώων πέτετʼ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων.\nοἳ δʼ ἐς Πανθοΐδην ἀγαπήνορα Πουλυδάμαντα\nπάντες ἐπεσσεύοντʼ, ἐπεὶ Ἕκτορος ἔκλυον αὐδήν.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Δηΐφοβόν τε βίην θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος\nἈσιάδην τʼ Ἀδάμαντα καὶ Ἄσιον Ὑρτάκου υἱὸν\nφοίτα ἀνὰ προμάχους διζήμενος, εἴ που ἐφεύροι.\nτοὺς δʼ εὗρʼ οὐκέτι πάμπαν ἀπήμονας οὐδʼ ἀνολέθρους·\nἀλλʼ οἳ μὲν δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσιν Ἀχαιῶν\nχερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων κέατο ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες,\nοἳ δʼ ἐν τείχει ἔσαν βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε.\nτὸν δὲ τάχʼ εὗρε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ δακρυοέσσης\nδῖον Ἀλέξανδρον Ἑλένης πόσιν ἠϋκόμοιο\nθαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι,\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη αἰσχροῖς ἐπέεσσι·\nΔύσπαρι εἶδος ἄριστε γυναιμανὲς ἠπεροπευτὰ\nποῦ τοι Δηΐφοβός τε βίη θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος\nἈσιάδης τʼ Ἀδάμας ἠδʼ Ἄσιος Ὑρτάκου υἱός;\nποῦ δέ τοι Ὀθρυονεύς; νῦν ὤλετο πᾶσα κατʼ ἄκρης\nἼλιος αἰπεινή· νῦν τοι σῶς αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.", "en": "He then sped onward, towering like a snowy mountain, and with a loud cry flew through the ranks of the Trojans and their allies. When they heard his voice they all hastened to gather round Polydamas, the excellent son of Panthous, but Hector kept on among the foremost, looking everywhere to find Deiphobus and prince Helenus, Adamas son of Asius, and Asius son of Hyrtacus; living, indeed, and scatheless he could no longer find them, for the two last were lying by the sterns of the Achaean ships, slain by the Argives, while the others had been also stricken and wounded by them; but upon the left wing of the dread battle he found Alexandrus, husband of lovely Helen, cheering his men and urging them on to fight. He went up to him and upbraided him. “Paris,” said he, “evil-hearted Paris, fair to see but woman-mad and false of tongue, where are Deiphobus and King Helenus? Where are Adamas son of Asius, and Asius son of Hyrtacus? Where too is Othryoneus? Ilius is undone and will now surely fall!”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.774–787", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής·\nἝκτορ ἐπεί τοι θυμὸς ἀναίτιον αἰτιάασθαι,\nἄλλοτε δή ποτε μᾶλλον ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο\nμέλλω, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ πάμπαν ἀνάλκιδα γείνατο μήτηρ·\nἐξ οὗ γὰρ παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχην ἤγειρας ἑταίρων,\nἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντες ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖσι\nνωλεμέως· ἕταροι δὲ κατέκταθεν οὓς σὺ μεταλλᾷς.\nοἴω Δηΐφοβός τε βίη θʼ Ἑλένοιο ἄνακτος\nοἴχεσθον, μακρῇσι τετυμμένω ἐγχείῃσιν\nἀμφοτέρω κατὰ χεῖρα· φόνον δʼ ἤμυνε Κρονίων.\nνῦν δʼ ἄρχʼ ὅππῃ σε κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει·\nἡμεῖς δʼ ἐμμεμαῶτες ἅμʼ ἑψόμεθʼ, οὐδέ τί φημι\nἀλκῆς δευήσεσθαι, ὅση δύναμίς γε πάρεστι.\nπὰρ δύναμιν δʼ οὐκ ἔστι καὶ ἐσσύμενον πολεμίζειν.", "en": "Alexandrus answered, “Hector, why find fault when there is no one to find fault with? I should hold aloof from battle on any day rather than this, for my mother bore me with nothing of the coward about me. From the moment when you set our men fighting about the ships we have been staying here and doing battle with the Danaans. Our comrades about whom you ask me are dead; Deiphobus and King Helenus alone have left the field, wounded both of them in the hand, but the son of Saturn saved them alive. Now, therefore, lead on where you would have us go, and we will follow with right goodwill; you shall not find us fail you in so far as our strength holds out, but no man can do more than in him lies, no matter how willing he may be.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.788–804", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν παρέπεισεν ἀδελφειοῦ φρένας ἥρως·\nβὰν δʼ ἴμεν ἔνθα μάλιστα μάχη καὶ φύλοπις ἦεν\nἀμφί τε Κεβριόνην καὶ ἀμύμονα Πουλυδάμαντα\nΦάλκην Ὀρθαῖόν τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Πολυφήτην\nΠάλμύν τʼ Ἀσκάνιόν τε Μόρυν θʼ υἷʼ Ἱπποτίωνος,\nοἵ ῥʼ ἐξ Ἀσκανίης ἐριβώλακος ἦλθον ἀμοιβοὶ\nἠοῖ τῇ προτέρῃ· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς ὦρσε μάχεσθαι.\nοἳ δʼ ἴσαν ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἀτάλαντοι ἀέλλῃ,\nἥ ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ βροντῆς πατρὸς Διὸς εἶσι πέδον δέ,\nθεσπεσίῳ δʼ ὁμάδῳ ἁλὶ μίσγεται, ἐν δέ τε πολλὰ\nκύματα παφλάζοντα πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης\nκυρτὰ φαληριόωντα, πρὸ μέν τʼ ἄλλʼ, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄλλα·\nὣς Τρῶες πρὸ μὲν ἄλλοι ἀρηρότες, αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ ἄλλοι,\nχαλκῷ μαρμαίροντες ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν ἕποντο.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἡγεῖτο βροτολοιγῷ ἶσος Ἄρηϊ\nΠριαμίδης· πρόσθεν δʼ ἔχεν ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην\nῥινοῖσιν πυκινήν, πολλὸς δʼ ἐπελήλατο χαλκός·", "en": "With these words he satisfied his brother, and the two went towards the part of the battle where the fight was thickest, about Cebriones, brave Polydamas, Phalces, Orthaeus, godlike Polyphetes, Palmys, Ascanius, and Morys son of Hippotion, who had come from fertile Ascania on the preceding day to relieve other troops. Then Jove urged them on to fight. They flew forth like the blasts of some fierce wind that strike earth in the van of a thunderstorm, they buffet the salt sea into an uproar; many and mighty are the great waves that come crashing in one after the other upon the shore with their arching heads all crested with foam, even so did rank behind rank of Trojans arrayed in gleaming armour follow their leaders onward. The way was led by Hector son of Priam, peer of murderous Mars, with his round shield before him, his shield of ox-hides covered with plates of bronze, and his gleaming helmet upon his temples." }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.805–820", "orig": "ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κροτάφοισι φαεινὴ σείετο πήληξ.\nπάντῃ δʼ ἀμφὶ φάλαγγας ἐπειρᾶτο προποδίζων,\nεἴ πώς οἱ εἴξειαν ὑπασπίδια προβιβῶντι·\nἀλλʼ οὐ σύγχει θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.\nΑἴας δὲ πρῶτος προκαλέσσατο μακρὰ βιβάσθων·\nδαιμόνιε σχεδὸν ἐλθέ· τί ἢ δειδίσσεαι αὔτως\nἈργείους; οὔ τοί τι μάχης ἀδαήμονές εἰμεν,\nἀλλὰ Διὸς μάστιγι κακῇ ἐδάμημεν Ἀχαιοί.\nἦ θήν πού τοι θυμὸς ἐέλπεται ἐξαλαπάξειν\nνῆας· ἄφαρ δέ τε χεῖρες ἀμύνειν εἰσὶ καὶ ἡμῖν.\nἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη εὖ ναιομένη πόλις ὑμὴ\nχερσὶν ὑφʼ ἡμετέρῃσιν ἁλοῦσά τε περθομένη τε.\nσοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ φημὶ σχεδὸν ἔμμεναι ὁππότε φεύγων\nἀρήσῃ Διὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι\nθάσσονας ἰρήκων ἔμεναι καλλίτριχας ἵππους,\nοἵ σε πόλιν δʼ οἴσουσι κονίοντες πεδίοιο.", "en": "He kept stepping forward under cover of his shield in every direction, making trial of the ranks to see if they would give way before him, but he could not daunt the courage of the Achaeans. Ajax was the first to stride out and challenge him. “Sir,” he cried, “draw near; why do you think thus vainly to dismay the Argives? We Achaeans are excellent soldiers, but the scourge of Jove has fallen heavily upon us. Your heart, forsooth, is set on destroying our ships, but we too have hands that can keep you at bay, and your own fair town shall be sooner taken and sacked by ourselves. The time is near when you shall pray Jove and all the gods in your flight, that your steeds may be swifter than hawks as they raise the dust on the plain and bear you back to your city.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 13.821–837", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα οἱ εἰπόντι ἐπέπτατο δεξιὸς ὄρνις\nαἰετὸς ὑψιπέτης· ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν\nθάρσυνος οἰωνῷ· ὃ δʼ ἀμείβετο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nΑἶαν ἁμαρτοεπὲς βουγάϊε ποῖον ἔειπες·\nεἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν οὕτω γε Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο\nεἴην ἤματα πάντα, τέκοι δέ με πότνια Ἥρη,\nτιοίμην δʼ ὡς τίετʼ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἀπόλλων,\nὡς νῦν ἡμέρη ἥδε κακὸν φέρει Ἀργείοισι\nπᾶσι μάλʼ, ἐν δὲ σὺ τοῖσι πεφήσεαι, αἴ κε ταλάσσῃς\nμεῖναι ἐμὸν δόρυ μακρόν, ὅ τοι χρόα λειριόεντα\nδάψει· ἀτὰρ Τρώων κορέεις κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνοὺς\nδημῷ καὶ σάρκεσσι πεσὼν ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἡγήσατο· τοὶ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο\nἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς ὄπισθεν.\nἈργεῖοι δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπίαχον, οὐδὲ λάθοντο\nἀλκῆς, ἀλλʼ ἔμενον Τρώων ἐπιόντας ἀρίστους.\nἠχὴ δʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἵκετʼ αἰθέρα καὶ Διὸς αὐγάς.", "en": "As he was thus speaking a bird flew by upon his right hand, and the host of the Achaeans shouted, for they took heart at the omen. But Hector answered, “Ajax, braggart and false of tongue, would that I were as sure of being son for evermore to aegis-bearing Jove, with Queen Juno for my mother, and of being held in like honour with Minerva and Apollo, as I am that this day is big with the destruction of the Achaeans; and you shall fall among them if you dare abide my spear; it shall rend your fair body and bid you glut our hounds and birds of prey with your fat and your flesh, as you fall by the ships of the Achaeans.”\nWith these words he led the way and the others followed after with a cry that rent the air, while the host shouted behind them. The Argives on their part raised a shout likewise, nor did they forget their prowess, but stood firm against the onslaught of the Trojan chieftains, and the cry from both the hosts rose up to heaven and to the brightness of Jove’s presence." } ], "14": [ { "ref": "Iliad 14.1–15", "orig": "Νέστορα δʼ οὐκ ἔλαθεν ἰαχὴ πίνοντά περ ἔμπης,\nἀλλʼ Ἀσκληπιάδην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nφράζεο δῖε Μαχᾶον ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα·\nμείζων δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ βοὴ θαλερῶν αἰζηῶν.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν πῖνε καθήμενος αἴθοπα οἶνον\nεἰς ὅ κε θερμὰ λοετρὰ ἐϋπλόκαμος Ἑκαμήδη\nθερμήνῃ καὶ λούσῃ ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα·\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἐλθὼν τάχα εἴσομαι ἐς περιωπήν.\nὣς εἰπὼν σάκος εἷλε τετυγμένον υἷος ἑοῖο\nκείμενον ἐν κλισίῃ Θρασυμήδεος ἱπποδάμοιο\nχαλκῷ παμφαῖνον· ὃ δʼ ἔχʼ ἀσπίδα πατρὸς ἑοῖο.\nεἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nστῆ δʼ ἐκτὸς κλισίης, τάχα δʼ εἴσιδεν ἔργον ἀεικὲς\nτοὺς μὲν ὀρινομένους, τοὺς δὲ κλονέοντας ὄπισθε\nΤρῶας ὑπερθύμους· ἐρέριπτο δὲ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Nestor was sitting over his wine, but the cry of battle did not escape him, and he said to the son of Aesculapius, “What, noble Machaon, is the meaning of all this? The shouts of men fighting by our ships grow stronger and stronger; stay here, therefore, and sit over your wine, while fair Hecamede heats you a bath and washes the clotted blood from off you. I will go at once to the look-out station and see what it is all about.”\nAs he spoke he took up the shield of his son Thrasymedes that was lying in his tent, all gleaming with bronze, for Thrasymedes had taken his father’s shield; he grasped his redoubtable bronze-shod spear, and as soon as he was outside saw the disastrous rout of the Achaeans who, now that their wall was overthrown, were flying pell-mell before the Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.16–34", "orig": "ὡς δʼ ὅτε πορφύρῃ πέλαγος μέγα κύματι κωφῷ\nὀσσόμενον λιγέων ἀνέμων λαιψηρὰ κέλευθα\nαὔτως, οὐδʼ ἄρα τε προκυλίνδεται οὐδετέρωσε,\nπρίν τινα κεκριμένον καταβήμεναι ἐκ Διὸς οὖρον,\nὣς ὃ γέρων ὅρμαινε δαϊζόμενος κατὰ θυμὸν\nδιχθάδιʼ, ἢ μεθʼ ὅμιλον ἴοι Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων,\nἦε μετʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα ποιμένα λαῶν.\nὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι\nβῆναι ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδην. οἳ δʼ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον\nμαρνάμενοι· λάκε δέ σφι περὶ χροῒ χαλκὸς ἀτειρὴς\nνυσσομένων ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι.\nΝέστορι δὲ ξύμβληντο διοτρεφέες βασιλῆες\nπὰρ νηῶν ἀνιόντες ὅσοι βεβλήατο χαλκῷ\nΤυδεΐδης Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Ἀγαμέμνων.\nπολλὸν γάρ ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε μάχης εἰρύατο νῆες\nθῖνʼ ἔφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς· τὰς γὰρ πρώτας πεδίον δὲ\nεἴρυσαν, αὐτὰρ τεῖχος ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἔδειμαν.\nοὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδʼ εὐρύς περ ἐὼν ἐδυνήσατο πάσας\nαἰγιαλὸς νῆας χαδέειν, στείνοντο δὲ λαοί·", "en": "As when there is a heavy swell upon the sea, but the waves are dumb, they keep their eyes on the watch for the quarter whence the fierce winds may spring upon them, but they stay where they are and set neither this way nor that, till some particular wind sweeps down from heaven to determine them, even so did the old man ponder whether to make for the crowd of Danaans, or go in search of Agamemnon. In the end he deemed it best to go to the son of Atreus; but meanwhile the hosts were fighting and killing one another, and the hard bronze rattled on their bodies, as they thrust at one another with their swords and spears.\nThe wounded kings, the son of Tydeus, Ulysses, and Agamemnon son of Atreus, fell in with Nestor as they were coming up from their ships, for theirs were drawn up some way from where the fighting was going on, being on the shore itself inasmuch as they had been beached first, while the wall had been built behind the hindermost." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.35–51", "orig": "τώ ῥα προκρόσσας ἔρυσαν, καὶ πλῆσαν ἁπάσης\nἠϊόνος στόμα μακρόν, ὅσον συνεέργαθον ἄκραι.\nτώ ῥʼ οἵ γʼ ὀψείοντες ἀϋτῆς καὶ πολέμοιο\nἔγχει ἐρειδόμενοι κίον ἀθρόοι· ἄχνυτο δέ σφι\nθυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν. ὃ δὲ ξύμβλητο γεραιὸς\nΝέστωρ, πτῆξε δὲ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.\nτὸν καὶ φωνήσας προσέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων·\nὦ Νέστορ Νηληϊάδη μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν\nτίπτε λιπὼν πόλεμον φθισήνορα δεῦρʼ ἀφικάνεις;\nδείδω μὴ δή μοι τελέσῃ ἔπος ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ,\nὥς ποτʼ ἐπηπείλησεν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσʼ ἀγορεύων\nμὴ πρὶν πὰρ νηῶν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονέεσθαι\nπρὶν πυρὶ νῆας ἐνιπρῆσαι, κτεῖναι δὲ καὶ αὐτούς.\nκεῖνος τὼς ἀγόρευε· τὰ δὴ νῦν πάντα τελεῖται.\nὢ πόποι ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐν θυμῷ βάλλονται ἐμοὶ χόλον ὥς περ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nοὐδʼ ἐθέλουσι μάχεσθαι ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσι.", "en": "The stretch of the shore, wide though it was, did not afford room for all the ships, and the host was cramped for space, therefore they had placed the ships in rows one behind the other, and had filled the whole opening of the bay between the two points that formed it. The kings, leaning on their spears, were coming out to survey the fight, being in great anxiety, and when old Nestor met them they were filled with dismay. Then King Agamemnon said to him, “Nestor son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean name, why have you left the battle to come hither? I fear that what dread Hector said will come true, when he vaunted among the Trojans saying that he would not return to Ilius till he had fired our ships and killed us; this is what he said, and now it is all coming true. Alas! others of the Achaeans, like Achilles, are in such anger with me that they refuse to fight by the sterns of our ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.52–63", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ·\nἦ δὴ ταῦτά γʼ ἑτοῖμα τετεύχαται, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως\nΖεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης αὐτὸς παρατεκτήναιτο.\nτεῖχος μὲν γὰρ δὴ κατερήριπεν, ᾧ ἐπέπιθμεν\nἄρρηκτον νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν εἶλαρ ἔσεσθαι·\nοἳ δʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσι μάχην ἀλίαστον ἔχουσι\nνωλεμές· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι γνοίης μάλα περ σκοπιάζων\nὁπποτέρωθεν Ἀχαιοὶ ὀρινόμενοι κλονέονται,\nὡς ἐπιμὶξ κτείνονται, ἀϋτὴ δʼ οὐρανὸν ἵκει.\nἡμεῖς δὲ φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα\nεἴ τι νόος ῥέξει· πόλεμον δʼ οὐκ ἄμμε κελεύω\nδύμεναι· οὐ γάρ πως βεβλημένον ἐστὶ μάχεσθαι.", "en": "Then Nestor knight of Gerene, answered, “It is indeed as you say; it is all coming true at this moment, and even Jove who thunders from on high cannot prevent it. Fallen is the wall on which we relied as an impregnable bulwark both for us and our fleet. The Trojans are fighting stubbornly and without ceasing at the ships; look where you may you cannot see from what quarter the rout of the Achaeans is coming; they are being killed in a confused mass and the battle-cry ascends to heaven; let us think, if counsel can be of any use, what we had better do; but I do not advise our going into battle ourselves, for a man cannot fight when he is wounded.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.64–81", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nΝέστορ ἐπεὶ δὴ νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσι μάχονται,\nτεῖχος δʼ οὐκ ἔχραισμε τετυγμένον, οὐδέ τι τάφρος,\nᾗ ἔπι πολλὰ πάθον Δαναοί, ἔλποντο δὲ θυμῷ\nἄρρηκτον νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν εἶλαρ ἔσεσθαι·\nοὕτω που Διὶ μέλλει ὑπερμενέϊ φίλον εἶναι\nνωνύμνους ἀπολέσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἐνθάδʼ Ἀχαιούς.\nᾔδεα μὲν γὰρ ὅτε πρόφρων Δαναοῖσιν ἄμυνεν,\nοἶδα δὲ νῦν ὅτε τοὺς μὲν ὁμῶς μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι\nκυδάνει, ἡμέτερον δὲ μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἔδησεν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼν εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες.\nνῆες ὅσαι πρῶται εἰρύαται ἄγχι θαλάσσης\nἕλκωμεν, πάσας δὲ ἐρύσσομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,\nὕψι δʼ ἐπʼ εὐνάων ὁρμίσσομεν, εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ\nνὺξ ἀβρότη, ἢν καὶ τῇ ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο\nΤρῶες· ἔπειτα δέ κεν ἐρυσαίμεθα νῆας ἁπάσας.\nοὐ γάρ τις νέμεσις φυγέειν κακόν, οὐδʼ ἀνὰ νύκτα.\nβέλτερον ὃς φεύγων προφύγῃ κακὸν ἠὲ ἁλώῃ.", "en": "And King Agamemnon answered, “Nestor, if the Trojans are indeed fighting at the rear of our ships, and neither the wall nor the trench has served us, over which the Danaans toiled so hard, and which they deemed would be an impregnable bulwark both for us and our fleet, I see it must be the will of Jove that the Achaeans should perish ingloriously here, far from Argos. I knew when Jove was willing to defend us, and I know now that he is raising the Trojans to like honour with the gods, while us, on the other hand, he has bound hand and foot. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; let us bring down the ships that are on the beach and draw them into the water; let us make them fast to their mooring-stones a little way out, against the fall of night, if even by night the Trojans will desist from fighting; we may then draw down the rest of the fleet. There is nothing wrong in flying ruin even by night. It is better for a man that he should fly and be saved than be caught and killed.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.82–102", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη ποῖόν σε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων·\nοὐλόμενʼ αἴθʼ ὤφελλες ἀεικελίου στρατοῦ ἄλλου\nσημαίνειν, μὴ δʼ ἄμμιν ἀνασσέμεν, οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς\nἐκ νεότητος ἔδωκε καὶ ἐς γῆρας τολυπεύειν\nἀργαλέους πολέμους, ὄφρα φθιόμεσθα ἕκαστος.\nοὕτω δὴ μέμονας Τρώων πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν\nκαλλείψειν, ἧς εἵνεκʼ ὀϊζύομεν κακὰ πολλά;\nσίγα, μή τίς τʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ\nμῦθον, ὃν οὔ κεν ἀνήρ γε διὰ στόμα πάμπαν ἄγοιτο\nὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο ᾗσι φρεσὶν ἄρτια βάζειν\nσκηπτοῦχός τʼ εἴη, καί οἱ πειθοίατο λαοὶ\nτοσσοίδʼ ὅσσοισιν σὺ μετʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάσσεις·\nνῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας, οἷον ἔειπες·\nὃς κέλεαι πολέμοιο συνεσταότος καὶ ἀϋτῆς\nνῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλαδʼ ἑλκέμεν, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον\nΤρωσὶ μὲν εὐκτὰ γένηται ἐπικρατέουσί περ ἔμπης,\nἡμῖν δʼ αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος ἐπιρρέπῃ. οὐ γὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nσχήσουσιν πόλεμον νηῶν ἅλα δʼ ἑλκομενάων,\nἀλλʼ ἀποπαπτανέουσιν, ἐρωήσουσι δὲ χάρμης.\nἔνθά κε σὴ βουλὴ δηλήσεται ὄρχαμε λαῶν.", "en": "Ulysses looked fiercely at him and said, “Son of Atreus, what are you talking about? Wretch, you should have commanded some other and baser army, and not been ruler over us to whom Jove has allotted a life of hard fighting from youth to old age, till we every one of us perish. Is it thus that you would quit the city of Troy, to win which we have suffered so much hardship? Hold your peace, lest some other of the Achaeans hear you say what no man who knows how to give good counsel, no king over so great a host as that of the Argives should ever have let fall from his lips. I despise your judgement utterly for what you have been saying. Would you, then, have us draw down our ships into the water while the battle is raging, and thus play further into the hands of the conquering Trojans? It would be ruin; the Achaeans will not go on fighting when they see the ships being drawn into the water, but will cease attacking and keep turning their eyes towards them; your counsel, therefore, sir captain, would be our destruction.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.103–120", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nὦ Ὀδυσεῦ μάλα πώς με καθίκεο θυμὸν ἐνιπῇ\nἀργαλέῃ· ἀτὰρ οὐ μὲν ἐγὼν ἀέκοντας ἄνωγα\nνῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἅλα δʼ ἑλκέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.\nνῦν δʼ εἴη ὃς τῆσδέ γʼ ἀμείνονα μῆτιν ἐνίσποι\nἢ νέος ἠὲ παλαιός· ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη.\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης·\nἐγγὺς ἀνήρ· οὐ δηθὰ ματεύσομεν· αἴ κʼ ἐθέλητε\nπείθεσθαι, καὶ μή τι κότῳ ἀγάσησθε ἕκαστος\nοὕνεκα δὴ γενεῆφι νεώτατός εἰμι μεθʼ ὑμῖν·\nπατρὸς δʼ ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ ἐγὼ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι\nΤυδέος, ὃν Θήβῃσι χυτὴ κατὰ γαῖα καλύπτει.\nπορθεῖ γὰρ τρεῖς παῖδες ἀμύμονες ἐξεγένοντο,\nοἴκεον δʼ ἐν Πλευρῶνι καὶ αἰπεινῇ Καλυδῶνι\nἌγριος ἠδὲ Μέλας, τρίτατος δʼ ἦν ἱππότα Οἰνεὺς\nπατρὸς ἐμοῖο πατήρ· ἀρετῇ δʼ ἦν ἔξοχος αὐτῶν.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν αὐτόθι μεῖνε, πατὴρ δʼ ἐμὸς Ἄργεϊ νάσθη\nπλαγχθείς· ὡς γάρ που Ζεὺς ἤθελε καὶ θεοὶ ἄλλοι.", "en": "Agamemnon answered, “Ulysses, your rebuke has stung me to the heart. I am not, however, ordering the Achaeans to draw their ships into the sea whether they will or no. Someone, it may be, old or young, can offer us better counsel which I shall rejoice to hear.”\nThen said Diomed, “Such an one is at hand; he is not far to seek, if you will listen to me and not resent my speaking though I am younger than any of you. I am by lineage son to a noble sire, Tydeus, who lies buried at Thebes. For Portheus had three noble sons, two of whom, Agrius and Melas, abode in Pleuron and rocky Calydon. The third was the knight Oeneus, my father’s father, and he was the most valiant of them all. Oeneus remained in his own country, but my father (as Jove and the other gods ordained it) migrated to Argos." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.121–134", "orig": "Ἀδρήστοιο δʼ ἔγημε θυγατρῶν, ναῖε δὲ δῶμα\nἀφνειὸν βιότοιο, ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι\nπυροφόροι, πολλοὶ δὲ φυτῶν ἔσαν ὄρχατοι ἀμφίς,\nπολλὰ δέ οἱ πρόβατʼ ἔσκε· κέκαστο δὲ πάντας Ἀχαιοὺς\nἐγχείῃ· τὰ δὲ μέλλετʼ ἀκουέμεν, εἰ ἐτεόν περ.\nτὼ οὐκ ἄν με γένος γε κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φάντες\nμῦθον ἀτιμήσαιτε πεφασμένον ὅν κʼ ἐῢ εἴπω.\nδεῦτʼ ἴομεν πόλεμον δὲ καὶ οὐτάμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ.\nἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ αὐτοὶ μὲν ἐχώμεθα δηϊοτῆτος\nἐκ βελέων, μή πού τις ἐφʼ ἕλκεϊ ἕλκος ἄρηται·\nἄλλους δʼ ὀτρύνοντες ἐνήσομεν, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ\nθυμῷ ἦρα φέροντες ἀφεστᾶσʼ οὐδὲ μάχονται.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο·\nβὰν δʼ ἴμεν, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.", "en": "He married into the family of Adrastus, and his house was one of great abundance, for he had large estates of rich corn-growing land, with much orchard ground as well, and he had many sheep; moreover he excelled all the Argives in the use of the spear. You must yourselves have heard whether these things are true or no; therefore when I say well despise not my words as though I were a coward or of ignoble birth. I say, then, let us go to the fight as we needs must, wounded though we be. When there, we may keep out of the battle and beyond the range of the spears lest we get fresh wounds in addition to what we have already, but we can spur on others, who have been indulging their spleen and holding aloof from battle hitherto.”\nThus did he speak; whereon they did even as he had said and set out, King Agamemnon leading the way." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.135–152", "orig": "οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος,\nἀλλὰ μετʼ αὐτοὺς ἦλθε παλαιῷ φωτὶ ἐοικώς,\nδεξιτερὴν δʼ ἕλε χεῖρʼ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἈτρεΐδη νῦν δή που Ἀχιλλῆος ὀλοὸν κῆρ\nγηθεῖ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φόνον καὶ φύζαν Ἀχαιῶν\nδερκομένῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδʼ ἠβαιαί.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ὣς ἀπόλοιτο, θεὸς δέ ἑ σιφλώσειε·\nσοὶ δʼ οὔ πω μάλα πάγχυ θεοὶ μάκαρες κοτέουσιν,\nἀλλʼ ἔτι που Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nεὐρὺ κονίσουσιν πεδίον, σὺ δʼ ἐπόψεαι αὐτὸς\nφεύγοντας προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.\nὣς εἰπὼν μέγʼ ἄϋσεν ἐπεσσύμενος πεδίοιο.\nὅσσόν τʼ ἐννεάχιλοι ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι\nἀνέρες ἐν πολέμῳ ἔριδα ξυνάγοντες Ἄρηος,\nτόσσην ἐκ στήθεσφιν ὄπα κρείων ἐνοσίχθων\nἧκεν· Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὲ μέγα σθένος ἔμβαλʼ ἑκάστῳ\nκαρδίῃ, ἄληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.", "en": "Meanwhile Neptune had kept no blind look-out, and came up to them in the semblance of an old man. He took Agamemnon’s right hand in his own and said, “Son of Atreus, I take it Achilles is glad now that he sees the Achaeans routed and slain, for he is utterly without remorse, may he come to a bad end and heaven confound him. As for yourself, the blessed gods are not yet so bitterly angry with you but that the princes and counsellors of the Trojans shall again raise the dust upon the plain, and you shall see them flying from the ships and tents towards their city.”\nWith this he raised a mighty cry of battle, and sped forward to the plain. The voice that came from his deep chest was as that of nine or ten thousand men when they are shouting in the thick of a fight, and it put fresh courage into the hearts of the Achaeans to wage war and do battle without ceasing." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.153–165", "orig": "Ἥρη δʼ εἰσεῖδε χρυσόθρονος ὀφθαλμοῖσι\nστᾶσʼ ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο ἀπὸ ῥίου· αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω\nτὸν μὲν ποιπνύοντα μάχην ἀνὰ κυδιάνειραν\nαὐτοκασίγνητον καὶ δαέρα, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ·\nΖῆνα δʼ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς πολυπίδακος Ἴδης\nἥμενον εἰσεῖδε, στυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔπλετο θυμῷ.\nμερμήριξε δʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη\nὅππως ἐξαπάφοιτο Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο·\nἥδε δέ οἱ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλὴ\nἐλθεῖν εἰς Ἴδην εὖ ἐντύνασαν ἓ αὐτήν,\nεἴ πως ἱμείραιτο παραδραθέειν φιλότητι\nᾗ χροιῇ, τῷ δʼ ὕπνον ἀπήμονά τε λιαρόν τε\nχεύῃ ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἰδὲ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι.", "en": "Juno of the golden throne looked down as she stood upon a peak of Olympus and her heart was gladdened at the sight of him who was at once her brother and her brother-in-law, hurrying hither and thither amid the fighting. Then she turned her eyes to Jove as he sat on the topmost crests of many-fountained Ida, and loathed him. She set herself to think how she might hoodwink him, and in the end she deemed that it would be best for her to go to Ida and array herself in rich attire, in the hope that Jove might become enamoured of her, and wish to embrace her. While he was thus engaged a sweet and careless sleep might be made to steal over his eyes and senses." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.166–177", "orig": "βῆ δʼ ἴμεν ἐς θάλαμον, τόν οἱ φίλος υἱὸς ἔτευξεν\nἭφαιστος, πυκινὰς δὲ θύρας σταθμοῖσιν ἐπῆρσε\nκληῗδι κρυπτῇ, τὴν δʼ οὐ θεὸς ἄλλος ἀνῷγεν·\nἔνθʼ ἥ γʼ εἰσελθοῦσα θύρας ἐπέθηκε φαεινάς.\nἀμβροσίῃ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπὸ χροὸς ἱμερόεντος\nλύματα πάντα κάθηρεν, ἀλείψατο δὲ λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ\nἀμβροσίῳ ἑδανῷ, τό ῥά οἱ τεθυωμένον ἦεν·\nτοῦ καὶ κινυμένοιο Διὸς κατὰ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ\nἔμπης ἐς γαῖάν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἵκετʼ ἀϋτμή.\nτῷ ῥʼ ἥ γε χρόα καλὸν ἀλειψαμένη ἰδὲ χαίτας\nπεξαμένη χερσὶ πλοκάμους ἔπλεξε φαεινοὺς\nκαλοὺς ἀμβροσίους ἐκ κράατος ἀθανάτοιο.", "en": "She went, therefore, to the room which her son Vulcan had made her, and the doors of which he had cunningly fastened by means of a secret key so that no other god could open them. Here she entered and closed the doors behind her. She cleansed all the dirt from her fair body with ambrosia, then she anointed herself with olive oil, ambrosial, very soft, and scented specially for herself, if it were so much as shaken in the bronze-floored house of Jove, the scent pervaded the universe of heaven and earth. With this she anointed her delicate skin, and then she plaited the fair ambrosial locks that flowed in a stream of golden tresses from her immortal head." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.178–192", "orig": "ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμβρόσιον ἑανὸν ἕσαθʼ, ὅν οἱ Ἀθήνη\nἔξυσʼ ἀσκήσασα, τίθει δʼ ἐνὶ δαίδαλα πολλά·\nχρυσείῃς δʼ ἐνετῇσι κατὰ στῆθος περονᾶτο.\nζώσατο δὲ ζώνῃ ἑκατὸν θυσάνοις ἀραρυίῃ,\nἐν δʼ ἄρα ἕρματα ἧκεν ἐϋτρήτοισι λοβοῖσι\nτρίγληνα μορόεντα· χάρις δʼ ἀπελάμπετο πολλή.\nκρηδέμνῳ δʼ ἐφύπερθε καλύψατο δῖα θεάων\nκαλῷ νηγατέῳ· λευκὸν δʼ ἦν ἠέλιος ὥς·\nποσσὶ δʼ ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντα περὶ χροῒ θήκατο κόσμον\nβῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐκ θαλάμοιο, καλεσσαμένη δʼ Ἀφροδίτην\nτῶν ἄλλων ἀπάνευθε θεῶν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·\nἦ ῥά νύ μοί τι πίθοιο φίλον τέκος ὅττί κεν εἴπω,\nἦέ κεν ἀρνήσαιο κοτεσσαμένη τό γε θυμῷ,\nοὕνεκʼ ἐγὼ Δαναοῖσι, σὺ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγεις;", "en": "She put on the wondrous robe which Minerva had worked for her with consummate art, and had embroidered with manifold devices; she fastened it about her bosom with golden clasps, and she girded herself with a girdle that had a hundred tassels: then she fastened her earrings, three brilliant pendants that glistened most beautifully, through the pierced lobes of her ears, and threw a lovely new veil over her head. She bound her sandals on to her feet, and when she had arrayed herself perfectly to her satisfaction, she left her room and called Venus to come aside and speak to her. “My dear child,” said she, “will you do what I am going to ask of you, or will you refuse me because you are angry at my being on the Danaan side, while you are on the Trojan?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.193–210", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη·\nἭρη πρέσβα θεὰ θύγατερ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο\nαὔδα ὅ τι φρονέεις· τελέσαι δέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν,\nεἰ δύναμαι τελέσαι γε καὶ εἰ τετελεσμένον ἐστίν.\nτὴν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·\nδὸς νῦν μοι φιλότητα καὶ ἵμερον, ᾧ τε σὺ πάντας\nδαμνᾷ ἀθανάτους ἠδὲ θνητοὺς ἀνθρώπους.\nεἶμι γὰρ ὀψομένη πολυφόρβου πείρατα γαίης,\nὨκεανόν τε θεῶν γένεσιν καὶ μητέρα Τηθύν,\nοἵ μʼ ἐν σφοῖσι δόμοισιν ἐῢ τρέφον ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλον\nδεξάμενοι Ῥείας, ὅτε τε Κρόνον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nγαίης νέρθε καθεῖσε καὶ ἀτρυγέτοιο θαλάσσης·\nτοὺς εἶμʼ ὀψομένη, καί σφʼ ἄκριτα νείκεα λύσω·\nἤδη γὰρ δηρὸν χρόνον ἀλλήλων ἀπέχονται\nεὐνῆς καὶ φιλότητος, ἐπεὶ χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.\nεἰ κείνω ἐπέεσσι παραιπεπιθοῦσα φίλον κῆρ\nεἰς εὐνὴν ἀνέσαιμι ὁμωθῆναι φιλότητι,\nαἰεί κέ σφι φίλη τε καὶ αἰδοίη καλεοίμην.", "en": "Jove’s daughter Venus answered, “Juno, august queen of goddesses, daughter of mighty Saturn, say what you want, and I will do it for you at once, if I can, and if it can be done at all.”\nThen Juno told her a lying tale and said, “I want you to endow me with some of those fascinating charms, the spells of which bring all things mortal and immortal to your feet. I am going to the world’s end to visit Oceanus (from whom all we gods proceed) and mother Tethys: they received me in their house, took care of me, and brought me up, having taken me over from Rhaea when Jove imprisoned great Saturn in the depths that are under earth and sea. I must go and see them that I may make peace between them; they have been quarrelling, and are so angry that they have not slept with one another this long while; if I can bring them round and restore them to one another’s embraces, they will be grateful to me and love me for ever afterwards.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.211–223", "orig": "τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε φιλομειδὴς Ἀφροδίτη·\nοὐκ ἔστʼ οὐδὲ ἔοικε τεὸν ἔπος ἀρνήσασθαι·\nΖηνὸς γὰρ τοῦ ἀρίστου ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσιν ἰαύεις.\nἦ, καὶ ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα\nποικίλον, ἔνθα δέ οἱ θελκτήρια πάντα τέτυκτο·\nἔνθʼ ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δʼ ἵμερος, ἐν δʼ ὀαριστὺς\nπάρφασις, ἥ τʼ ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων.\nτόν ῥά οἱ ἔμβαλε χερσὶν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτῆ νῦν τοῦτον ἱμάντα τεῷ ἐγκάτθεο κόλπῳ\nποικίλον, ᾧ ἔνι πάντα τετεύχαται· οὐδέ σέ φημι\nἄπρηκτόν γε νέεσθαι, ὅ τι φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς.\nὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη,\nμειδήσασα δʼ ἔπειτα ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο κόλπῳ.", "en": "Thereon laughter-loving Venus said, “I cannot and must not refuse you, for you sleep in the arms of Jove who is our king.”\nAs she spoke she loosed from her bosom the curiously embroidered girdle into which all her charms had been wrought, love, desire, and that sweet flattery which steals the judgement even of the most prudent. She gave the girdle to Juno and said, “Take this girdle wherein all my charms reside and lay it in your bosom. If you will wear it I promise you that your errand, be it what it may, will not be bootless.”\nWhen she heard this Juno smiled, and still smiling she laid the girdle in her bosom." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.224–241", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἔβη πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη,\nἭρη δʼ ἀΐξασα λίπεν ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο,\nΠιερίην δʼ ἐπιβᾶσα καὶ Ἠμαθίην ἐρατεινὴν\nσεύατʼ ἐφʼ ἱπποπόλων Θρῃκῶν ὄρεα νιφόεντα\nἀκροτάτας κορυφάς· οὐδὲ χθόνα μάρπτε ποδοῖιν·\nἐξ Ἀθόω δʼ ἐπὶ πόντον ἐβήσετο κυμαίνοντα,\nΛῆμνον δʼ εἰσαφίκανε πόλιν θείοιο Θόαντος.\nἔνθʼ Ὕπνῳ ξύμβλητο κασιγνήτῳ Θανάτοιο,\nἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·\nὝπνε ἄναξ πάντων τε θεῶν πάντων τʼ ἀνθρώπων,\nἠμὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες, ἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν\nπείθευ· ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι ἰδέω χάριν ἤματα πάντα.\nκοίμησόν μοι Ζηνὸς ὑπʼ ὀφρύσιν ὄσσε φαεινὼ\nαὐτίκʼ ἐπεί κεν ἐγὼ παραλέξομαι ἐν φιλότητι.\nδῶρα δέ τοι δώσω καλὸν θρόνον ἄφθιτον αἰεὶ\nχρύσεον· Ἥφαιστος δέ κʼ ἐμὸς πάϊς ἀμφιγυήεις\nτεύξειʼ ἀσκήσας, ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυν ποσὶν ἥσει,\nτῷ κεν ἐπισχοίης λιπαροὺς πόδας εἰλαπινάζων.", "en": "Venus now went back into the house of Jove, while Juno darted down from the summits of Olympus. She passed over Pieria and fair Emathia, and went on and on till she came to the snowy ranges of the Thracian horsemen, over whose topmost crests she sped without ever setting foot to ground. When she came to Athos she went on over the waves of the sea till she reached Lemnos, the city of noble Thoas. There she met Sleep, own brother to Death, and caught him by the hand, saying, “Sleep, you who lord it alike over mortals and immortals, if you ever did me a service in times past, do one for me now, and I shall be grateful to you ever after. Close Jove’s keen eyes for me in slumber while I hold him clasped in my embrace, and I will give you a beautiful golden seat, that can never fall to pieces; my clubfooted son Vulcan shall make it for you, and he shall give it a footstool for you to rest your fair feet upon when you are at table.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.242–262", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσεφώνεε νήδυμος Ὕπνος·\nἭρη πρέσβα θεὰ θύγατερ μεγάλοιο Κρόνοιο\nἄλλον μέν κεν ἔγωγε θεῶν αἰειγενετάων\nῥεῖα κατευνήσαιμι, καὶ ἂν ποταμοῖο ῥέεθρα\nὨκεανοῦ, ὅς περ γένεσις πάντεσσι τέτυκται·\nΖηνὸς δʼ οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε Κρονίονος ἆσσον ἱκοίμην\nοὐδὲ κατευνήσαιμʼ, ὅτε μὴ αὐτός γε κελεύοι.\nἤδη γάρ με καὶ ἄλλο τεὴ ἐπίνυσσεν ἐφετμὴ\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε κεῖνος ὑπέρθυμος Διὸς υἱὸς\nἔπλεεν Ἰλιόθεν Τρώων πόλιν ἐξαλαπάξας.\nἤτοι ἐγὼ μὲν ἔλεξα Διὸς νόον αἰγιόχοιο\nνήδυμος ἀμφιχυθείς· σὺ δέ οἱ κακὰ μήσαο θυμῷ\nὄρσασʼ ἀργαλέων ἀνέμων ἐπὶ πόντον ἀήτας,\nκαί μιν ἔπειτα Κόων δʼ εὖ ναιομένην ἀπένεικας\nνόσφι φίλων πάντων. ὃ δʼ ἐπεγρόμενος χαλέπαινε\nῥιπτάζων κατὰ δῶμα θεούς, ἐμὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων\nζήτει· καί κέ μʼ ἄϊστον ἀπʼ αἰθέρος ἔμβαλε πόντῳ,\nεἰ μὴ Νὺξ δμήτειρα θεῶν ἐσάωσε καὶ ἀνδρῶν·\nτὴν ἱκόμην φεύγων, ὃ δʼ ἐπαύσατο χωόμενός περ.\nἅζετο γὰρ μὴ Νυκτὶ θοῇ ἀποθύμια ἕρδοι.\nνῦν αὖ τοῦτό μʼ ἄνωγας ἀμήχανον ἄλλο τελέσσαι.", "en": "Then Sleep answered, “Juno, great queen of goddesses, daughter of mighty Saturn, I would lull any other of the gods to sleep without compunction, not even excepting the waters of Oceanus from whom all of them proceed, but I dare not go near Jove, nor send him to sleep unless he bids me. I have had one lesson already through doing what you asked me, on the day when Jove’s mighty son Hercules set sail from Ilius after having sacked the city of the Trojans. At your bidding I suffused my sweet self over the mind of aegis-bearing Jove, and laid him to rest; meanwhile you hatched a plot against Hercules, and set the blasts of the angry winds beating upon the sea, till you took him to the goodly city of Cos, away from all his friends. Jove was furious when he awoke, and began hurling the gods about all over the house; he was looking more particularly for myself, and would have flung me down through space into the sea where I should never have been heard of any more, had not Night who cows both men and gods protected me. I fled to her and Jove left off looking for me in spite of his being so angry, for he did not dare do anything to displease Night. And now you are again asking me to do something on which I cannot venture.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.263–277", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·\nὝπνε τί ἢ δὲ σὺ ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς;\nἦ φῂς ὣς Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν εὐρύοπα Ζῆν\nὡς Ἡρακλῆος περιχώσατο παῖδος ἑοῖο;\nἀλλʼ ἴθʼ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι Χαρίτων μίαν ὁπλοτεράων\nδώσω ὀπυιέμεναι καὶ σὴν κεκλῆσθαι ἄκοιτιν.\nὣς φάτο, χήρατο δʼ Ὕπνος, ἀμειβόμενος δὲ προσηύδα·\nἄγρει νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον ἀάατον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ,\nχειρὶ δὲ τῇ ἑτέρῃ μὲν ἕλε χθόνα πουλυβότειραν,\nτῇ δʼ ἑτέρῃ ἅλα μαρμαρέην, ἵνα νῶϊν ἅπαντες\nμάρτυροι ὦσʼ οἳ ἔνερθε θεοὶ Κρόνον ἀμφὶς ἐόντες,\nἦ μὲν ἐμοὶ δώσειν Χαρίτων μίαν ὁπλοτεράων\nΠασιθέην, ἧς τʼ αὐτὸς ἐέλδομαι ἤματα πάντα.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,", "en": "And Juno said, “Sleep, why do you take such notions as those into your head? Do you think Jove will be as anxious to help the Trojans, as he was about his own son? Come, I will marry you to one of the youngest of the Graces, and she shall be your own, Pasithea, whom you have always wanted to marry.”\nSleep was pleased when he heard this, and answered, “Then swear it to me by the dread waters of the river Styx; lay one hand on the bounteous earth, and the other on the sheen of the sea, so that all the gods who dwell down below with Saturn may be our witnesses, and see that you really do give me one of the youngest of the Graces, Pasithea, whom I have always wanted to marry.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.278–291", "orig": "ὄμνυε δʼ ὡς ἐκέλευε, θεοὺς δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἅπαντας\nτοὺς ὑποταρταρίους οἳ Τιτῆνες καλέονται.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ὄμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅρκον,\nτὼ βήτην Λήμνου τε καὶ Ἴμβρου ἄστυ λιπόντε\nἠέρα ἑσσαμένω ῥίμφα πρήσσοντε κέλευθον.\nἼδην δʼ ἱκέσθην πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν\nΛεκτόν, ὅθι πρῶτον λιπέτην ἅλα· τὼ δʼ ἐπὶ χέρσου\nβήτην, ἀκροτάτη δὲ ποδῶν ὕπο σείετο ὕλη.\nἔνθʼ Ὕπνος μὲν ἔμεινε πάρος Διὸς ὄσσε ἰδέσθαι\nεἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβὰς περιμήκετον, ἣ τότʼ ἐν Ἴδῃ\nμακροτάτη πεφυυῖα διʼ ἠέρος αἰθέρʼ ἵκανεν·\nἔνθʼ ἧστʼ ὄζοισιν πεπυκασμένος εἰλατίνοισιν\nὄρνιθι λιγυρῇ ἐναλίγκιος, ἥν τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι\nχαλκίδα κικλήσκουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δὲ κύμινδιν.", "en": "Juno did as he had said. She swore, and invoked all the gods of the nether world, who are called Titans, to witness. When she had completed her oath, the two enshrouded themselves in a thick mist and sped lightly forward, leaving Lemnos and Imbrus behind them. Presently they reached many-fountained Ida, mother of wild beasts, and Lectum where they left the sea to go on by land, and the tops of the trees of the forest soughed under the going of their feet. Here Sleep halted, and ere Jove caught sight of him he climbed a lofty pine-tree, the tallest that reared its head towards heaven on all Ida. He hid himself behind the branches and sat there in the semblance of the sweet-singing bird that haunts the mountains and is called Chalcis by the gods, but men call it Cymindis. Juno then went to Gargarus, the topmost peak of Ida, and Jove, driver of the clouds, set eyes upon her." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.292–311", "orig": "Ἥρη δὲ κραιπνῶς προσεβήσετο Γάργαρον ἄκρον\nἼδης ὑψηλῆς· ἴδε δὲ νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς.\nὡς δʼ ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν,\nοἷον ὅτε πρῶτόν περ ἐμισγέσθην φιλότητι\nεἰς εὐνὴν φοιτῶντε, φίλους λήθοντε τοκῆας.\nστῆ δʼ αὐτῆς προπάροιθεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·\nἭρη πῇ μεμαυῖα κατʼ Οὐλύμπου τόδʼ ἱκάνεις;\nἵπποι δʼ οὐ παρέασι καὶ ἅρματα τῶν κʼ ἐπιβαίης.\nτὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·\nἔρχομαι ὀψομένη πολυφόρβου πείρατα γαίης,\nὨκεανόν τε θεῶν γένεσιν καὶ μητέρα Τηθύν,\nοἵ με σφοῖσι δόμοισιν ἐῢ τρέφον ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλον·\nτοὺς εἶμʼ ὀψομένη, καί σφʼ ἄκριτα νείκεα λύσω·\nἤδη γὰρ δηρὸν χρόνον ἀλλήλων ἀπέχονται\nεὐνῆς καὶ φιλότητος, ἐπεὶ χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.\nἵπποι δʼ ἐν πρυμνωρείῃ πολυπίδακος Ἴδης\nἑστᾶσʼ, οἵ μʼ οἴσουσιν ἐπὶ τραφερήν τε καὶ ὑγρήν.\nνῦν δὲ σεῦ εἵνεκα δεῦρο κατʼ Οὐλύμπου τόδʼ ἱκάνω,\nμή πώς μοι μετέπειτα χολώσεαι, αἴ κε σιωπῇ\nοἴχωμαι πρὸς δῶμα βαθυρρόου Ὠκεανοῖο.", "en": "As soon as he did so he became inflamed with the same passionate desire for her that he had felt when they had first enjoyed each other’s embraces, and slept with one another without their dear parents knowing anything about it. He went up to her and said, “What do you want that you have come hither from Olympus, and that too with neither chariot nor horses to convey you?”\nThen Juno told him a lying tale and said, “I am going to the world’s end, to visit Oceanus, from whom all we gods proceed, and mother Tethys; they received me into their house, took care of me, and brought me up. I must go and see them that I may make peace between them: they have been quarrelling, and are so angry that they have not slept with one another this long time. The horses that will take me over land and sea are stationed on the lowermost spurs of many-fountained Ida, and I have come here from Olympus on purpose to consult you. I was afraid you might be angry with me later on, if I went to the house of Oceanus without letting you know.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.312–328", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἭρη κεῖσε μὲν ἔστι καὶ ὕστερον ὁρμηθῆναι,\nνῶϊ δʼ ἄγʼ ἐν φιλότητι τραπείομεν εὐνηθέντε.\nοὐ γάρ πώ ποτέ μʼ ὧδε θεᾶς ἔρος οὐδὲ γυναικὸς\nθυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι περιπροχυθεὶς ἐδάμασσεν,\nοὐδʼ ὁπότʼ ἠρασάμην Ἰξιονίης ἀλόχοιο,\nἣ τέκε Πειρίθοον θεόφιν μήστωρʼ ἀτάλαντον·\nοὐδʼ ὅτε περ Δανάης καλλισφύρου Ἀκρισιώνης,\nἣ τέκε Περσῆα πάντων ἀριδείκετον ἀνδρῶν·\nοὐδʼ ὅτε Φοίνικος κούρης τηλεκλειτοῖο,\nἣ τέκε μοι Μίνων τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Ῥαδάμανθυν·\nοὐδʼ ὅτε περ Σεμέλης οὐδʼ Ἀλκμήνης ἐνὶ Θήβῃ,\nἥ ῥʼ Ἡρακλῆα κρατερόφρονα γείνατο παῖδα·\nἣ δὲ Διώνυσον Σεμέλη τέκε χάρμα βροτοῖσιν·\nοὐδʼ ὅτε Δήμητρος καλλιπλοκάμοιο ἀνάσσης,\nοὐδʼ ὁπότε Λητοῦς ἐρικυδέος, οὐδὲ σεῦ αὐτῆς,\nὡς σέο νῦν ἔραμαι καί με γλυκὺς ἵμερος αἱρεῖ.", "en": "And Jove said, “Juno, you can choose some other time for paying your visit to Oceanus, for the present let us devote ourselves to love and to the enjoyment of one another. Never yet have I been so overpowered by passion neither for goddess nor mortal woman as I am at this moment for yourself, not even when I was in love with the wife of Ixion who bore me Pirithous, peer of gods in counsel, nor yet with Danae the daintily-ancled daughter of Acrisius, who bore me the famed hero Perseus. Then there was the daughter of Phoenix, who bore me Minos and Rhadamanthus: there was Semele, and Alcmena in Thebes by whom I begot my lion-hearted son Hercules, while Semele became mother to Bacchus the comforter of mankind. There was queen Ceres again, and lovely Leto, and yourself, but with none of these was I ever so much enamoured as I now am with you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.329–345", "orig": "τὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·\nαἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.\nεἰ νῦν ἐν φιλότητι λιλαίεαι εὐνηθῆναι\nἼδης ἐν κορυφῇσι, τὰ δὲ προπέφανται ἅπαντα·\nπῶς κʼ ἔοι εἴ τις νῶϊ θεῶν αἰειγενετάων\nεὕδοντʼ ἀθρήσειε, θεοῖσι δὲ πᾶσι μετελθὼν\nπεφράδοι; οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε τεὸν πρὸς δῶμα νεοίμην\nἐξ εὐνῆς ἀνστᾶσα, νεμεσσητὸν δέ κεν εἴη.\nἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥʼ ἐθέλεις καί τοι φίλον ἔπλετο θυμῷ,\nἔστιν τοι θάλαμος, τόν τοι φίλος υἱὸς ἔτευξεν\nἭφαιστος, πυκινὰς δὲ θύρας σταθμοῖσιν ἐπῆρσεν·\nἔνθʼ ἴομεν κείοντες, ἐπεί νύ τοι εὔαδεν εὐνή.\nτὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἭρη μήτε θεῶν τό γε δείδιθι μήτέ τινʼ ἀνδρῶν\nὄψεσθαι· τοῖόν τοι ἐγὼ νέφος ἀμφικαλύψω\nχρύσεον· οὐδʼ ἂν νῶϊ διαδράκοι Ἠέλιός περ,\nοὗ τε καὶ ὀξύτατον πέλεται φάος εἰσοράασθαι.", "en": "Juno again answered him with a lying tale. “Most dread son of Saturn,” she exclaimed, “what are you talking about? Would you have us enjoy one another here on the top of Mount Ida, where everything can be seen? What if one of the ever-living gods should see us sleeping together, and tell the others? It would be such a scandal that when I had risen from your embraces I could never show myself inside your house again; but if you are so minded, there is a room which your son Vulcan has made me, and he has given it good strong doors; if you would so have it, let us go thither and lie down.”\nAnd Jove answered, “Juno, you need not be afraid that either god or man will see you, for I will enshroud both of us in such a dense golden cloud, that the very sun for all his bright piercing beams shall not see through it.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.346–360", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀγκὰς ἔμαρπτε Κρόνου παῖς ἣν παράκοιτιν·\nτοῖσι δʼ ὑπὸ χθὼν δῖα φύεν νεοθηλέα ποίην,\nλωτόν θʼ ἑρσήεντα ἰδὲ κρόκον ἠδʼ ὑάκινθον\nπυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν, ὃς ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὑψόσʼ ἔεργε.\nτῷ ἔνι λεξάσθην, ἐπὶ δὲ νεφέλην ἕσσαντο\nκαλὴν χρυσείην· στιλπναὶ δʼ ἀπέπιπτον ἔερσαι.\nὣς ὃ μὲν ἀτρέμας εὗδε πατὴρ ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ ἄκρῳ,\nὕπνῳ καὶ φιλότητι δαμείς, ἔχε δʼ ἀγκὰς ἄκοιτιν·\nβῆ δὲ θέειν ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν νήδυμος Ὕπνος\nἀγγελίην ἐρέων γαιηόχῳ ἐννοσιγαίῳ·\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nπρόφρων νῦν Δαναοῖσι Ποσείδαον ἐπάμυνε,\nκαί σφιν κῦδος ὄπαζε μίνυνθά περ, ὄφρʼ ἔτι εὕδει\nΖεύς, ἐπεὶ αὐτῷ ἐγὼ μαλακὸν περὶ κῶμʼ ἐκάλυψα·\nἭρη δʼ ἐν φιλότητι παρήπαφεν εὐνηθῆναι.", "en": "With this the son of Saturn caught his wife in his embrace; whereon the earth sprouted them a cushion of young grass, with dew-bespangled lotus, crocus, and hyacinth, so soft and thick that it raised them well above the ground. Here they laid themselves down and overhead they were covered by a fair cloud of gold, from which there fell glittering dew-drops.\nThus, then, did the sire of all things repose peacefully on the crest of Ida, overcome at once by sleep and love, and he held his spouse in his arms. Meanwhile Sleep made off to the ships of the Achaeans, to tell earth-encircling Neptune, lord of the earthquake. When he had found him he said, “Now, Neptune, you can help the Danaans with a will, and give them victory though it be only for a short time while Jove is still sleeping. I have sent him into a sweet slumber, and Juno has beguiled him into going to bed with her.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.361–377", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ᾤχετʼ ἐπὶ κλυτὰ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων,\nτὸν δʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀνῆκεν ἀμυνέμεναι Δαναοῖσιν.\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι μέγα προθορὼν ἐκέλευσεν·\nἈργεῖοι καὶ δʼ αὖτε μεθίεμεν Ἕκτορι νίκην\nΠριαμίδῃ, ἵνα νῆας ἕλῃ καὶ κῦδος ἄρηται;\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν οὕτω φησὶ καὶ εὔχεται οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι μένει κεχολωμένος ἦτορ·\nκείνου δʼ οὔ τι λίην ποθὴ ἔσσεται, εἴ κεν οἳ ἄλλοι\nἡμεῖς ὀτρυνώμεθʼ ἀμυνέμεν ἀλλήλοισιν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες·\nἀσπίδες ὅσσαι ἄρισται ἐνὶ στρατῷ ἠδὲ μέγισται\nἑσσάμενοι, κεφαλὰς δὲ παναίθῃσιν κορύθεσσι\nκρύψαντες, χερσίν τε τὰ μακρότατʼ ἔγχεʼ ἑλόντες\nἴομεν· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν ἡγήσομαι, οὐδʼ ἔτι φημὶ\nἝκτορα Πριαμίδην μενέειν μάλα περ μεμαῶτα.\nὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ μενέχαρμος, ἔχει δʼ ὀλίγον σάκος ὤμῳ,\nχείρονι φωτὶ δότω, ὃ δʼ ἐν ἀσπίδι μείζονι δύτω.", "en": "Sleep now departed and went his ways to and fro among mankind, leaving Neptune more eager than ever to help the Danaans. He darted forward among the first ranks and shouted saying, “Argives, shall we let Hector son of Priam have the triumph of taking our ships and covering himself with glory? This is what he says that he shall now do, seeing that Achilles is still in dudgeon at his ship; we shall get on very well without him if we keep each other in heart and stand by one another. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say. Let us each take the best and largest shield we can lay hold of, put on our helmets, and sally forth with our longest spears in our hands; I will lead you on, and Hector son of Priam, rage as he may, will not dare to hold out against us. If any good staunch soldier has only a small shield, let him hand it over to a worse man, and take a larger one for himself.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.378–388", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο·\nτοὺς δʼ αὐτοὶ βασιλῆες ἐκόσμεον οὐτάμενοί περ\nΤυδεΐδης Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Ἀγαμέμνων·\nοἰχόμενοι δʼ ἐπὶ πάντας ἀρήϊα τεύχεʼ ἄμειβον·\nἐσθλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἔδυνε, χέρεια δὲ χείρονι δόσκεν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἕσσαντο περὶ χροῒ νώροπα χαλκὸν\nβάν ῥʼ ἴμεν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφι Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων\nδεινὸν ἄορ τανύηκες ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παχείῃ\nεἴκελον ἀστεροπῇ· τῷ δʼ οὐ θέμις ἐστὶ μιγῆναι\nἐν δαῒ λευγαλέῃ, ἀλλὰ δέος ἰσχάνει ἄνδρας.\nΤρῶας δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκόσμει φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. The son of Tydeus, Ulysses, and Agamemnon, wounded though they were, set the others in array, and went about everywhere effecting the exchanges of armour; the most valiant took the best armour, and gave the worse to the worse man. When they had donned their bronze armour they marched on with Neptune at their head. In his strong hand he grasped his terrible sword, keen of edge and flashing like lightning; woe to him who comes across it in the day of battle; all men quake for fear and keep away from it." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.389–401", "orig": "δή ῥα τότʼ αἰνοτάτην ἔριδα πτολέμοιο τάνυσσαν\nκυανοχαῖτα Ποσειδάων καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ,\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν Τρώεσσιν, ὃ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀρήγων.\nἐκλύσθη δὲ θάλασσα ποτὶ κλισίας τε νέας τε\nἈργείων· οἳ δὲ ξύνισαν μεγάλῳ ἀλαλητῷ.\nοὔτε θαλάσσης κῦμα τόσον βοάᾳ ποτὶ χέρσον\nποντόθεν ὀρνύμενον πνοιῇ Βορέω ἀλεγεινῇ·\nοὔτε πυρὸς τόσσός γε ποτὶ βρόμος αἰθομένοιο\nοὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ὅτε τʼ ὤρετο καιέμεν ὕλην·\nοὔτʼ ἄνεμος τόσσόν γε περὶ δρυσὶν ὑψικόμοισι\nἠπύει, ὅς τε μάλιστα μέγα βρέμεται χαλεπαίνων,\nὅσση ἄρα Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἔπλετο φωνὴ\nδεινὸν ἀϋσάντων, ὅτʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ὄρουσαν.", "en": "Hector on the other side set the Trojans in array. Thereon Neptune and Hector waged fierce war on one another, Hector on the Trojan and Neptune on the Argive side. Mighty was the uproar as the two forces met; the sea came rolling in towards the ships and tents of the Achaeans, but waves do not thunder on the shore more loudly when driven before the blast of Boreas, nor do the flames of a forest fire roar more fiercely when it is well alight upon the mountains, nor does the wind bellow with ruder music as it tears on through the tops of when it is blowing its hardest, than the terrible shout which the Trojans and Achaeans raised as they sprang upon one another." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.402–420", "orig": "Αἴαντος δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nἔγχει, ἐπεὶ τέτραπτο πρὸς ἰθύ οἱ, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε,\nτῇ ῥα δύω τελαμῶνε περὶ στήθεσσι τετάσθην,\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν σάκεος, ὃ δὲ φασγάνου ἀργυροήλου·\nτώ οἱ ῥυσάσθην τέρενα χρόα. χώσατο δʼ Ἕκτωρ,\nὅττί ῥά οἱ βέλος ὠκὺ ἐτώσιον ἔκφυγε χειρός,\nἂψ δʼ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων.\nτὸν μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀπιόντα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας\nχερμαδίῳ, τά ῥα πολλὰ θοάων ἔχματα νηῶν\nπὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο, τῶν ἓν ἀείρας\nστῆθος βεβλήκει ὑπὲρ ἄντυγος ἀγχόθι δειρῆς,\nστρόμβον δʼ ὣς ἔσσευε βαλών, περὶ δʼ ἔδραμε πάντῃ.\nὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ πληγῆς πατρὸς Διὸς ἐξερίπῃ δρῦς\nπρόρριζος, δεινὴ δὲ θεείου γίγνεται ὀδμὴ\nἐξ αὐτῆς, τὸν δʼ οὔ περ ἔχει θράσος ὅς κεν ἴδηται\nἐγγὺς ἐών, χαλεπὸς δὲ Διὸς μεγάλοιο κεραυνός,\nὣς ἔπεσʼ Ἕκτορος ὦκα χαμαὶ μένος ἐν κονίῃσι·\nχειρὸς δʼ ἔκβαλεν ἔγχος, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ἀσπὶς ἑάφθη\nκαὶ κόρυς, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ βράχε τεύχεα ποικίλα χαλκῷ.", "en": "Hector first aimed his spear at Ajax, who was turned full towards him, nor did he miss his aim. The spear struck him where two bands passed over his chest, the band of his shield and that of his silver-studded sword, and these protected his body. Hector was angry that his spear should have been hurled in vain, and withdrew under cover of his men. As he was thus retreating, Ajax son of Telamon, struck him with a stone, of which there were many lying about under the men’s feet as they fought, brought there to give support to the ships’ sides as they lay on the shore. Ajax caught up one of them and struck Hector above the rim of his shield close to his neck; the blow made him spin round like a top and reel in all directions. As an oak falls headlong when uprooted by the lightning flash of father Jove, and there is a terrible smell of brimstone, no man can help being dismayed if he is standing near it, for a thunderbolt is a very awful thing, even so did Hector fall to earth and bite the dust. His spear fell from his hand, but his shield and helmet were made fast about his body, and his bronze armour rang about him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.421–439", "orig": "οἳ δὲ μέγα ἰάχοντες ἐπέδραμον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nἐλπόμενοι ἐρύεσθαι, ἀκόντιζον δὲ θαμειὰς\nαἰχμάς· ἀλλʼ οὔ τις ἐδυνήσατο ποιμένα λαῶν\nοὐτάσαι οὐδὲ βαλεῖν· πρὶν γὰρ περίβησαν ἄριστοι\nΠουλυδάμας τε καὶ Αἰνείας καὶ δῖος Ἀγήνωρ\nΣαρπηδών τʼ ἀρχὸς Λυκίων καὶ Γλαῦκος ἀμύμων.\nτῶν δʼ ἄλλων οὔ τίς εὑ ἀκήδεσεν, ἀλλὰ πάροιθεν\nἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους σχέθον αὐτοῦ. τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἑταῖροι\nχερσὶν ἀείραντες φέρον ἐκ πόνου, ὄφρʼ ἵκεθʼ ἵππους\nὠκέας, οἵ οἱ ὄπισθε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο\nἕστασαν ἡνίοχόν τε καὶ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔχοντες·\nοἳ τόν γε προτὶ ἄστυ φέρον βαρέα στενάχοντα.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πόρον ἷξον ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο\nΞάνθου δινήεντος, ὃν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς,\nἔνθά μιν ἐξ ἵππων πέλασαν χθονί, κὰδ δέ οἱ ὕδωρ\nχεῦαν· ὃ δʼ ἀμπνύνθη καὶ ἀνέδρακεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν,\nἑζόμενος δʼ ἐπὶ γοῦνα κελαινεφὲς αἷμʼ ἀπέμεσσεν·\nαὖτις δʼ ἐξοπίσω πλῆτο χθονί, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε\nνὺξ ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα· βέλος δʼ ἔτι θυμὸν ἐδάμνα.", "en": "The sons of the Achaeans came running with a loud cry towards him, hoping to drag him away, and they showered their darts on the Trojans, but none of them could wound him before he was surrounded and covered by the princes Polydamas, Aeneas, Agenor, Sarpedon captain of the Lycians, and noble Glaucus. Of the others, too, there was not one who was unmindful of him, and they held their round shields over him to cover him. His comrades then lifted him off the ground and bore him away from the battle to the place where his horses stood waiting for him at the rear of the fight with their driver and the chariot; these then took him towards the city groaning and in great pain. When they reached the ford of the fair stream of Xanthus, begotten of Immortal Jove, they took him from off his chariot and laid him down on the ground; they poured water over him, and as they did so he breathed again and opened his eyes. Then kneeling on his knees he vomited blood, but soon fell back on to the ground, and his eyes were again closed in darkness for he was still stunned by the blow." }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.440–457", "orig": "Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὡς οὖν ἴδον Ἕκτορα νόσφι κιόντα\nμᾶλλον ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.\nἔνθα πολὺ πρώτιστος Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας\nΣάτνιον οὔτασε δουρὶ μετάλμενος ὀξυόεντι\nἨνοπίδην, ὃν ἄρα νύμφη τέκε νηῒς ἀμύμων\nἬνοπι βουκολέοντι παρʼ ὄχθας Σατνιόεντος.\nτὸν μὲν Ὀϊλιάδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν\nοὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην· ὃ δʼ ἀνετράπετʼ, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ\nΤρῶες καὶ Δαναοὶ σύναγον κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Πουλυδάμας ἐγχέσπαλος ἦλθεν ἀμύντωρ\nΠανθοΐδης, βάλε δὲ Προθοήνορα δεξιὸν ὦμον\nυἱὸν Ἀρηϊλύκοιο, διʼ ὤμου δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος\nἔσχεν, ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.\nΠουλυδάμας δʼ ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nοὐ μὰν αὖτʼ ὀΐω μεγαθύμου Πανθοΐδαο\nχειρὸς ἄπο στιβαρῆς ἅλιον πηδῆσαι ἄκοντα,\nἀλλά τις Ἀργείων κόμισε χροΐ, καί μιν ὀΐω\nαὐτῷ σκηπτόμενον κατίμεν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.", "en": "When the Argives saw Hector leaving the field, they took heart and set upon the Trojans yet more furiously. Ajax fleet son of Oileus began by springing on Satnius son of Enops, and wounding him with his spear: a fair naiad nymph had borne him to Enops as he was herding cattle by the banks of the river Satnioeis. The son of Oileus came up to him and struck him in the flank so that he fell, and a fierce fight between Trojans and Danaans raged round his body. Polydamas son of Panthous drew near to avenge him, and wounded Prothoenor son of Areilycus on the right shoulder; the terrible spear went right through his shoulder, and he clutched the earth as he fell in the dust. Polydamas vaunted loudly over him saying, “Again I take it that the spear has not sped in vain from the strong hand of the son of Panthous; an Argive has caught it in his body, and it will serve him for a staff as he goes down into the house of Hades.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.458–474", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο·\nΑἴαντι δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινε\nτῷ Τελαμωνιάδῃ· τοῦ γὰρ πέσεν ἄγχι μάλιστα.\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἀπιόντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.\nΠουλυδάμας δʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν\nλικριφὶς ἀΐξας, κόμισεν δʼ Ἀντήνορος υἱὸς\nἈρχέλοχος· τῷ γάρ ῥα θεοὶ βούλευσαν ὄλεθρον.\nτόν ῥʼ ἔβαλεν κεφαλῆς τε καὶ αὐχένος ἐν συνεοχμῷ,\nνείατον ἀστράγαλον, ἀπὸ δʼ ἄμφω κέρσε τένοντε·\nτοῦ δὲ πολὺ προτέρη κεφαλὴ στόμα τε ῥῖνές τε\nοὔδεϊ πλῆντʼ ἤ περ κνῆμαι καὶ γοῦνα πεσόντος.\nΑἴας δʼ αὖτʼ ἐγέγωνεν ἀμύμονι Πουλυδάμαντι·\nφράζεο Πουλυδάμα καί μοι νημερτὲς ἐνίσπες\nἦ ῥʼ οὐχ οὗτος ἀνὴρ Προθοήνορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι\nἄξιος; οὐ μέν μοι κακὸς εἴδεται οὐδὲ κακῶν ἔξ,\nἀλλὰ κασίγνητος Ἀντήνορος ἱπποδάμοιο\nἢ πάϊς· αὐτῷ γὰρ γενεὴν ἄγχιστα ἐῴκει.", "en": "The Argives were maddened by this boasting. Ajax son of Telamon was more angry than any, for the man had fallen close beside him; so he aimed at Polydamas as he was retreating, but Polydamas saved himself by swerving aside and the spear struck Archelochus son of Antenor, for heaven counselled his destruction; it struck him where the head springs from the neck at the top joint of the spine, and severed both the tendons at the back of the head. His head, mouth, and nostrils reached the ground long before his legs and knees could do so, and Ajax shouted to Polydamas saying, “Think, Polydamas, and tell me truly whether this man is not as well worth killing as Prothoenor was: he seems rich, and of rich family, a brother, it may be, or son of the knight Antenor, for he is very like him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.475–485", "orig": "ἦ ῥʼ εὖ γιγνώσκων, Τρῶας δʼ ἄχος ἔλλαβε θυμόν.\nἔνθʼ Ἀκάμας Πρόμαχον Βοιώτιον οὔτασε δουρὶ\nἀμφὶ κασιγνήτῳ βεβαώς· ὃ δʼ ὕφελκε ποδοῖιν.\nτῷ δʼ Ἀκάμας ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nἈργεῖοι ἰόμωροι ἀπειλάων ἀκόρητοι\nοὔ θην οἴοισίν γε πόνος τʼ ἔσεται καὶ ὀϊζὺς\nἡμῖν, ἀλλά ποθʼ ὧδε κατακτενέεσθε καὶ ὔμμες.\nφράζεσθʼ ὡς ὑμῖν Πρόμαχος δεδμημένος εὕδει\nἔγχει ἐμῷ, ἵνα μή τι κασιγνήτοιό γε ποινὴ\nδηρὸν ἄτιτος ἔῃ· τὼ καί κέ τις εὔχεται ἀνὴρ\nγνωτὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα λιπέσθαι.", "en": "But he knew well who it was, and the Trojans were greatly angered. Acamas then bestrode his brother’s body and wounded Promachus the Boeotian with his spear, for he was trying to drag his brother’s body away. Acamas vaunted loudly over him saying, “Argive archers, braggarts that you are, toil and suffering shall not be for us only, but some of you too shall fall here as well as ourselves. See how Promachus now sleeps, vanquished by my spear; payment for my brother’s blood has not been long delayed; a man, therefore, may well be thankful if he leaves a kinsman in his house behind him to avenge his fall.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.486–505", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀργείοισι δʼ ἄχος γένετʼ εὐξαμένοιο·\nΠηνέλεῳ δὲ μάλιστα δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινεν·\nὁρμήθη δʼ Ἀκάμαντος· ὃ δʼ οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν ἐρωὴν\nΠηνελέωο ἄνακτος· ὃ δʼ οὔτασεν Ἰλιονῆα\nυἱὸν Φόρβαντος πολυμήλου, τόν ῥα μάλιστα\nἙρμείας Τρώων ἐφίλει καὶ κτῆσιν ὄπασσε·\nτῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ μήτηρ μοῦνον τέκεν Ἰλιονῆα.\nτὸν τόθʼ ὑπʼ ὀφρύος οὖτα κατʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο θέμεθλα,\nἐκ δʼ ὦσε γλήνην· δόρυ δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο διὰ πρὸ\nκαὶ διὰ ἰνίου ἦλθεν, ὃ δʼ ἕζετο χεῖρε πετάσσας\nἄμφω· Πηνέλεως δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ὀξὺ\nαὐχένα μέσσον ἔλασσεν, ἀπήραξεν δὲ χαμᾶζε\nαὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη· ἔτι δʼ ὄβριμον ἔγχος\nἦεν ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ· ὃ δὲ φὴ κώδειαν ἀνασχὼν\nπέφραδέ τε Τρώεσσι καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·\nεἰπέμεναί μοι Τρῶες ἀγαυοῦ Ἰλιονῆος\nπατρὶ φίλῳ καὶ μητρὶ γοήμεναι ἐν μεγάροισιν·\nοὐδὲ γὰρ ἣ Προμάχοιο δάμαρ Ἀλεγηνορίδαο\nἀνδρὶ φίλῳ ἐλθόντι γανύσσεται, ὁππότε κεν δὴ\nἐκ Τροίης σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "His taunts infuriated the Argives, and Peneleos was more enraged than any of them. He sprang towards Acamas, but Acamas did not stand his ground, and he killed Ilioneus son of the rich flock-master Phorbas, whom Mercury had favoured and endowed with greater wealth than any other of the Trojans. Ilioneus was his only son, and Peneleos now wounded him in the eye under his eyebrows, tearing the eye-ball from its socket: the spear went right through the eye into the nape of the neck, and he fell, stretching out both hands before him. Peneleos then drew his sword and smote him on the neck, so that both head and helmet came tumbling down to the ground with the spear still sticking in the eye; he then held up the head, as though it had been a poppy-head, and showed it to the Trojans, vaunting over them as he did so. “Trojans,” he cried, “bid the father and mother of noble Ilioneus make moan for him in their house, for the wife also of Promachus son of Alegenor will never be gladdened by the coming of her dear husband, when we Argives return with our ships from Troy.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 14.506–522", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τοὺς δʼ ἄρα πάντας ὑπὸ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα,\nπάπτηνεν δὲ ἕκαστος ὅπῃ φύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.\nἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι\nὅς τις δὴ πρῶτος βροτόεντʼ ἀνδράγριʼ Ἀχαιῶν\nἤρατʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἔκλινε μάχην κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος.\nΑἴας ῥα πρῶτος Τελαμώνιος Ὕρτιον οὖτα\nΓυρτιάδην Μυσῶν ἡγήτορα καρτεροθύμων·\nΦάλκην δʼ Ἀντίλοχος καὶ Μέρμερον ἐξενάριξε·\nΜηριόνης δὲ Μόρυν τε καὶ Ἱπποτίωνα κατέκτα,\nΤεῦκρος δὲ Προθόωνά τʼ ἐνήρατο καὶ Περιφήτην·\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειθʼ Ὑπερήνορα ποιμένα λαῶν\nοὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς ἄφυσσε\nδῃώσας· ψυχὴ δὲ κατʼ οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν\nἔσσυτʼ ἐπειγομένη, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.\nπλείστους δʼ Αἴας εἷλεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς υἱός·\nοὐ γάρ οἵ τις ὁμοῖος ἐπισπέσθαι ποσὶν ἦεν\nἀνδρῶν τρεσσάντων, ὅτε τε Ζεὺς ἐν φόβον ὄρσῃ.", "en": "As he spoke fear fell upon them, and every man looked round about to see whither he might fly for safety.\nTell me now, O Muses that dwell on Olympus, who was the first of the Argives to bear away blood-stained spoils after Neptune lord of the earthquake had turned the fortune of war. Ajax son of Telamon was first to wound Hyrtius son of Gyrtius, captain of the staunch Mysians. Antilochus killed Phalces and Mermerus, while Meriones slew Morys and Hippotion, Teucer also killed Prothoon and Periphetes. The son of Atreus then wounded Hyperenor shepherd of his people, in the flank, and the bronze point made his entrails gush out as it tore in among them; on this his life came hurrying out of him at the place where he had been wounded, and his eyes were closed in darkness. Ajax son of Oileus killed more than any other, for there was no man so fleet as he to pursue flying foes when Jove had spread panic among them." } ], "15": [ { "ref": "Iliad 15.1–11", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ διά τε σκόλοπας καὶ τάφρον ἔβησαν\nφεύγοντες, πολλοὶ δὲ δάμεν Δαναῶν ὑπὸ χερσίν,\nοἳ μὲν δὴ παρʼ ὄχεσφιν ἐρητύοντο μένοντες\nχλωροὶ ὑπαὶ δείους πεφοβημένοι· ἔγρετο δὲ Ζεὺς\nἼδης ἐν κορυφῇσι παρὰ χρυσοθρόνου Ἥρης,\nστῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀναΐξας, ἴδε δὲ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς\nτοὺς μὲν ὀρινομένους, τοὺς δὲ κλονέοντας ὄπισθεν\nἈργείους, μετὰ δέ σφι Ποσειδάωνα ἄνακτα·\nἝκτορα δʼ ἐν πεδίῳ ἴδε κείμενον, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι\nεἵαθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀργαλέῳ ἔχετʼ ἄσθματι κῆρ ἀπινύσσων\nαἷμʼ ἐμέων, ἐπεὶ οὔ μιν ἀφαυρότατος βάλʼ Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "But when their flight had taken them past the trench and the set stakes, and many had fallen by the hands of the Danaans, the Trojans made a halt on reaching their chariots, routed and pale with fear. Jove now woke on the crests of Ida, where he was lying with golden-throned Juno by his side, and starting to his feet he saw the Trojans and Achaeans, the one thrown into confusion, and the others driving them pell-mell before them with King Neptune in their midst. He saw Hector lying on the ground with his comrades gathered round him, gasping for breath, wandering in mind and vomiting blood, for it was not the feeblest of the Achaeans who struck him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.12–33", "orig": "τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ἐλέησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε,\nδεινὰ δʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν Ἥρην πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἦ μάλα δὴ κακότεχνος ἀμήχανε σὸς δόλος Ἥρη\nἝκτορα δῖον ἔπαυσε μάχης, ἐφόβησε δὲ λαούς.\nοὐ μὰν οἶδʼ εἰ αὖτε κακορραφίης ἀλεγεινῆς\nπρώτη ἐπαύρηαι καί σε πληγῇσιν ἱμάσσω.\nἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε τʼ ἐκρέμω ὑψόθεν, ἐκ δὲ ποδοῖιν\nἄκμονας ἧκα δύω, περὶ χερσὶ δὲ δεσμὸν ἴηλα\nχρύσεον ἄρρηκτον; σὺ δʼ ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσιν\nἐκρέμω· ἠλάστεον δὲ θεοὶ κατὰ μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,\nλῦσαι δʼ οὐκ ἐδύναντο παρασταδόν· ὃν δὲ λάβοιμι\nῥίπτασκον τεταγὼν ἀπὸ βηλοῦ ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκηται\nγῆν ὀλιγηπελέων· ἐμὲ δʼ οὐδʼ ὧς θυμὸν ἀνίει\nἀζηχὴς ὀδύνη Ἡρακλῆος θείοιο,\nτὸν σὺ ξὺν Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ πεπιθοῦσα θυέλλας\nπέμψας ἐπʼ ἀτρύγετον πόντον κακὰ μητιόωσα,\nκαί μιν ἔπειτα Κόων δʼ εὖ ναιομένην ἀπένεικας.\nτὸν μὲν ἐγὼν ἔνθεν ῥυσάμην καὶ ἀνήγαγον αὖτις\nἌργος ἐς ἱππόβοτον καὶ πολλά περ ἀθλήσαντα.\nτῶν σʼ αὖτις μνήσω ἵνʼ ἀπολλήξῃς ἀπατάων,\nὄφρα ἴδῃ ἤν τοι χραίσμῃ φιλότης τε καὶ εὐνή,\nἣν ἐμίγης ἐλθοῦσα θεῶν ἄπο καί μʼ ἀπάτησας.", "en": "The sire of gods and men had pity on him, and looked fiercely on Juno. “I see, Juno,” said he, “you mischief-making trickster, that your cunning has stayed Hector from fighting and has caused the rout of his host. I am in half a mind to thrash you, in which case you will be the first to reap the fruits of your scurvy knavery. Do you not remember how once upon a time I had you hanged? I fastened two anvils on to your feet, and bound your hands in a chain of gold which none might break, and you hung in mid-air among the clouds. All the gods in Olympus were in a fury, but they could not reach you to set you free; when I caught any one of them I gripped him and hurled him from the heavenly threshold till he came fainting down to earth; yet even this did not relieve my mind from the incessant anxiety which I felt about noble Hercules whom you and Boreas had spitefully conveyed beyond the seas to Cos, after suborning the tempests; but I rescued him, and notwithstanding all his mighty labours I brought him back again to Argos. I would remind you of this that you may learn to leave off being so deceitful, and discover how much you are likely to gain by the embraces out of which you have come here to trick me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.34–52", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, ῥίγησεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη,\nκαί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα καὶ Οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθε\nκαὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος\nὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι,\nσή θʼ ἱερὴ κεφαλὴ καὶ νωΐτερον λέχος αὐτῶν\nκουρίδιον, τὸ μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἐγώ ποτε μὰψ ὀμόσαιμι·\nμὴ διʼ ἐμὴν ἰότητα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων\nπημαίνει Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα, τοῖσι δʼ ἀρήγει,\nἀλλά που αὐτὸν θυμὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει,\nτειρομένους δʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰδὼν ἐλέησεν Ἀχαιούς.\nαὐτάρ τοι καὶ κείνῳ ἐγὼ παραμυθησαίμην\nτῇ ἴμεν ᾗ κεν δὴ σὺ κελαινεφὲς ἡγεμονεύῃς.\nὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε,\nκαί μιν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nεἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη\nἶσον ἐμοὶ φρονέουσα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι καθίζοις,\nτώ κε Ποσειδάων γε, καὶ εἰ μάλα βούλεται ἄλλῃ,\nαἶψα μεταστρέψειε νόον μετὰ σὸν καὶ ἐμὸν κῆρ.", "en": "Juno trembled as he spoke, and said, “May heaven above and earth below be my witnesses, with the waters of the river Styx, and this is the most solemn oath that a blessed god can take, nay, I swear also by your own almighty head and by our bridal bed, things over which I could never possibly perjure myself, that Neptune is not punishing Hector and the Trojans and helping the Achaeans through any doing of mine; it is all of his own mere motion because he was sorry to see the Achaeans hard pressed at their ships: if I were advising him, I should tell him to do as you bid him.”\nThe sire of gods and men smiled and answered, “If you, Juno, were always to support me when we sit in council of the gods, Neptune, like it or no, would soon come round to your and my way of thinking." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.53–71", "orig": "ἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥʼ ἐτεόν γε καὶ ἀτρεκέως ἀγορεύεις,\nἔρχεο νῦν μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν, καὶ δεῦρο κάλεσσον\nἾρίν τʼ ἐλθέμεναι καὶ Ἀπόλλωνα κλυτότοξον,\nὄφρʼ ἣ μὲν μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nἔλθῃ, καὶ εἴπῃσι Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι\nπαυσάμενον πολέμοιο τὰ ἃ πρὸς δώμαθʼ ἱκέσθαι,\nἝκτορα δʼ ὀτρύνῃσι μάχην ἐς Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nαὖτις δʼ ἐμπνεύσῃσι μένος, λελάθῃ δʼ ὀδυνάων\nαἳ νῦν μιν τείρουσι κατὰ φρένας, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς\nαὖτις ἀποστρέψῃσιν ἀνάλκιδα φύζαν ἐνόρσας,\nφεύγοντες δʼ ἐν νηυσὶ πολυκλήϊσι πέσωσι\nΠηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος· ὃ δʼ ἀνστήσει ὃν ἑταῖρον\nΠάτροκλον· τὸν δὲ κτενεῖ ἔγχεϊ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nἸλίου προπάροιθε πολέας ὀλέσαντʼ αἰζηοὺς\nτοὺς ἄλλους, μετὰ δʼ υἱὸν ἐμὸν Σαρπηδόνα δῖον.\nτοῦ δὲ χολωσάμενος κτενεῖ Ἕκτορα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nἐκ τοῦ δʼ ἄν τοι ἔπειτα παλίωξιν παρὰ νηῶν\nαἰὲν ἐγὼ τεύχοιμι διαμπερὲς εἰς ὅ κʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἼλιον αἰπὺ ἕλοιεν Ἀθηναίης διὰ βουλάς.", "en": "If, then, you are speaking the truth and mean what you say, go among the rank and file of the gods, and tell Iris and Apollo lord of the bow, that I want them, Iris, that she may go to the Achaean host and tell Neptune to leave off fighting and go home, and Apollo, that he may send Hector again into battle and give him fresh strength; he will thus forget his present sufferings, and drive the Achaeans back in confusion till they fall among the ships of Achilles son of Peleus. Achilles will then send his comrade Patroclus into battle, and Hector will kill him in front of Ilius after he has slain many warriors, and among them my own noble son Sarpedon. Achilles will kill Hector to avenge Patroclus, and from that time I will bring it about that the Achaeans shall persistently drive the Trojans back till they fulfil the counsels of Minerva and take Ilius." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.72–92", "orig": "τὸ πρὶν δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼ παύω χόλον οὔτέ τινʼ ἄλλον\nἀθανάτων Δαναοῖσιν ἀμυνέμεν ἐνθάδʼ ἐάσω\nπρίν γε τὸ Πηλεΐδαο τελευτηθῆναι ἐέλδωρ,\nὥς οἱ ὑπέστην πρῶτον, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπένευσα κάρητι,\nἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἐμεῖο θεὰ Θέτις ἥψατο γούνων,\nλισσομένη τιμῆσαι Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,\nβῆ δʼ ἐξ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἀΐξῃ νόος ἀνέρος, ὅς τʼ ἐπὶ πολλὴν\nγαῖαν ἐληλουθὼς φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι νοήσῃ\nἔνθʼ εἴην ἢ ἔνθα, μενοινήῃσί τε πολλά,\nὣς κραιπνῶς μεμαυῖα διέπτατο πότνια Ἥρη·\nἵκετο δʼ αἰπὺν Ὄλυμπον, ὁμηγερέεσσι δʼ ἐπῆλθεν\nἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι Διὸς δόμῳ· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες\nπάντες ἀνήϊξαν καὶ δεικανόωντο δέπασσιν.\nἣ δʼ ἄλλους μὲν ἔασε, Θέμιστι δὲ καλλιπαρῄῳ\nδέκτο δέπας· πρώτη γὰρ ἐναντίη ἦλθε θέουσα,\nκαί μιν φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἭρη τίπτε βέβηκας; ἀτυζομένῃ δὲ ἔοικας·\nἦ μάλα δή σʼ ἐφόβησε Κρόνου πάϊς, ὅς τοι ἀκοίτης.\nτὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη·", "en": "But I will not stay my anger, nor permit any god to help the Danaans till I have accomplished the desire of the son of Peleus, according to the promise I made by bowing my head on the day when Thetis touched my knees and besought me to give him honour.”\nJuno heeded his words and went from the heights of Ida to great Olympus. Swift as the thought of one whose fancy carries him over vast continents, and he says to himself, “Now I will be here, or there,” and he would have all manner of things, even so swiftly did Juno wing her way till she came to high Olympus and went in among the gods who were gathered in the house of Jove. When they saw her they all of them came up to her, and held out their cups to her by way of greeting. She let the others be, but took the cup offered her by lovely Themis, who was first to come running up to her. “Juno,” said she, “why are you here? And you seem troubled, has your husband the son of Saturn been frightening you?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.93–112", "orig": "μή με θεὰ Θέμι ταῦτα διείρεο· οἶσθα καὶ αὐτὴ\nοἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής.\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ἄρχε θεοῖσι δόμοις ἔνι δαιτὸς ἐΐσης·\nταῦτα δὲ καὶ μετὰ πᾶσιν ἀκούσεαι ἀθανάτοισιν\nοἷα Ζεὺς κακὰ ἔργα πιφαύσκεται· οὐδέ τί φημι\nπᾶσιν ὁμῶς θυμὸν κεχαρησέμεν, οὔτε βροτοῖσιν\nοὔτε θεοῖς, εἴ πέρ τις ἔτι νῦν δαίνυται εὔφρων.\nἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσα καθέζετο πότνια Ἥρη,\nὄχθησαν δʼ ἀνὰ δῶμα Διὸς θεοί· ἣ δʼ ἐγέλασσε\nχείλεσιν, οὐδὲ μέτωπον ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι κυανέῃσιν\nἰάνθη· πᾶσιν δὲ νεμεσσηθεῖσα μετηύδα·\nνήπιοι οἳ Ζηνὶ μενεαίνομεν ἀφρονέοντες·\nἦ ἔτι μιν μέμαμεν καταπαυσέμεν ἆσσον ἰόντες\nἢ ἔπει ἠὲ βίῃ· ὃ δʼ ἀφήμενος οὐκ ἀλεγίζει\nοὐδʼ ὄθεται· φησὶν γὰρ ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι\nκάρτεΐ τε σθένεΐ τε διακριδὸν εἶναι ἄριστος.\nτὼ ἔχεθʼ ὅττί κεν ὔμμι κακὸν πέμπῃσιν ἑκάστῳ.\nἤδη γὰρ νῦν ἔλπομʼ Ἄρηΐ γε πῆμα τετύχθαι·\nυἱὸς γάρ οἱ ὄλωλε μάχῃ ἔνι φίλτατος ἀνδρῶν\nἈσκάλαφος, τόν φησιν ὃν ἔμμεναι ὄβριμος Ἄρης.", "en": "And Juno answered, “Themis, do not ask me about it. You know what a proud and cruel disposition my husband has. Lead the gods to table, where you and all the immortals can hear the wicked designs which he has avowed. Many a one, mortal and immortal, will be angered by them, however peaceably he may be feasting now.”\nOn this Juno sat down, and the gods were troubled throughout the house of Jove. Laughter sat on her lips but her brow was furrowed with care, and she spoke up in a rage. “Fools that we are,” she cried, “to be thus madly angry with Jove; we keep on wanting to go up to him and stay him by force or by persuasion, but he sits aloof and cares for nobody, for he knows that he is much stronger than any other of the immortals. Make the best, therefore, of whatever ills he may choose to send each one of you; Mars, I take it, has had a taste of them already, for his son Ascalaphus has fallen in battle, the man whom of all others he loved most dearly and whose father he owns himself to be.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.113–131", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, αὐτὰρ Ἄρης θαλερὼ πεπλήγετο μηρὼ\nχερσὶ καταπρηνέσσʼ, ὀλοφυρόμενος δʼ ἔπος ηὔδα·\nμὴ νῦν μοι νεμεσήσετʼ Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες\nτίσασθαι φόνον υἷος ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,\nεἴ πέρ μοι καὶ μοῖρα Διὸς πληγέντι κεραυνῷ\nκεῖσθαι ὁμοῦ νεκύεσσι μεθʼ αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσιν.\nὣς φάτο, καί ῥʼ ἵππους κέλετο Δεῖμόν τε Φόβον τε\nζευγνύμεν, αὐτὸς δʼ ἔντεʼ ἐδύσετο παμφανόωντα.\nἔνθά κʼ ἔτι μείζων τε καὶ ἀργαλεώτερος ἄλλος\nπὰρ Διὸς ἀθανάτοισι χόλος καὶ μῆνις ἐτύχθη,\nεἰ μὴ Ἀθήνη πᾶσι περιδείσασα θεοῖσιν\nὦρτο διὲκ προθύρου, λίπε δὲ θρόνον ἔνθα θάασσε,\nτοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κεφαλῆς κόρυθʼ εἵλετο καὶ σάκος ὤμων,\nἔγχος δʼ ἔστησε στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἑλοῦσα\nχάλκεον· ἣ δʼ ἐπέεσσι καθάπτετο θοῦρον Ἄρηα·\nμαινόμενε φρένας ἠλὲ διέφθορας· ἦ νύ τοι αὔτως\nοὔατʼ ἀκουέμεν ἐστί, νόος δʼ ἀπόλωλε καὶ αἰδώς.\nοὐκ ἀΐεις ἅ τέ φησι θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη\nἣ δὴ νῦν πὰρ Ζηνὸς Ὀλυμπίου εἰλήλουθεν;", "en": "When he heard this Mars smote his two sturdy thighs with the flat of his hands, and said in anger, “Do not blame me, you gods that dwell in heaven, if I go to the ships of the Achaeans and avenge the death of my son, even though it end in my being struck by Jove’s lightning and lying in blood and dust among the corpses.”\nAs he spoke he gave orders to yoke his horses Panic and Rout, while he put on his armour. On this, Jove would have been roused to still more fierce and implacable enmity against the other immortals, had not Minerva, alarmed for the safety of the gods, sprung from her seat and hurried outside. She tore the helmet from his head and the shield from his shoulders, and she took the bronze spear from his strong hand and set it on one side; then she said to Mars, “Madman, you are undone; you have ears that hear not, or you have lost all judgement and understanding; have you not heard what Juno has said on coming straight from the presence of Olympian Jove?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.132–148", "orig": "ἦ ἐθέλεις αὐτὸς μὲν ἀναπλήσας κακὰ πολλὰ\nἂψ ἴμεν Οὔλυμπον δὲ καὶ ἀχνύμενός περ ἀνάγκῃ,\nαὐτὰρ τοῖς ἄλλοισι κακὸν μέγα πᾶσι φυτεῦσαι;\nαὐτίκα γὰρ Τρῶας μὲν ὑπερθύμους καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς\nλείψει, ὃ δʼ ἡμέας εἶσι κυδοιμήσων ἐς Ὄλυμπον,\nμάρψει δʼ ἑξείης ὅς τʼ αἴτιος ὅς τε καὶ οὐκί.\nτώ σʼ αὖ νῦν κέλομαι μεθέμεν χόλον υἷος ἑῆος·\nἤδη γάρ τις τοῦ γε βίην καὶ χεῖρας ἀμείνων\nἢ πέφατʼ, ἢ καὶ ἔπειτα πεφήσεται· ἀργαλέον δὲ\nπάντων ἀνθρώπων ῥῦσθαι γενεήν τε τόκον τε.\nὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἵδρυσε θρόνῳ ἔνι θοῦρον Ἄρηα.\nἭρη δʼ Ἀπόλλωνα καλέσσατο δώματος ἐκτὸς\nἾρίν θʼ, ἥ τε θεοῖσι μετάγγελος ἀθανάτοισι,\nκαί σφεας φωνήσασʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΖεὺς σφὼ εἰς Ἴδην κέλετʼ ἐλθέμεν ὅττι τάχιστα·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθητε, Διός τʼ εἰς ὦπα ἴδησθε,\nἕρδειν ὅττί κε κεῖνος ἐποτρύνῃ καὶ ἀνώγῃ.", "en": "Do you wish to go through all kinds of suffering before you are brought back sick and sorry to Olympus, after having caused infinite mischief to all us others? Jove would instantly leave the Trojans and Achaeans to themselves; he would come to Olympus to punish us, and would grip us up one after another, guilty or not guilty. Therefore lay aside your anger for the death of your son; better men than he have either been killed already or will fall hereafter, and one cannot protect every one’s whole family.”\nWith these words she took Mars back to his seat. Meanwhile Juno called Apollo outside, with Iris the messenger of the gods. “Jove,” she said to them, “desires you to go to him at once on Mt. Ida; when you have seen him you are to do as he may then bid you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.149–167", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσα πάλιν κίε πότνια Ἥρη,\nἕζετο δʼ εἰνὶ θρόνῳ· τὼ δʼ ἀΐξαντε πετέσθην.\nἼδην δʼ ἵκανον πολυπίδακα μητέρα θηρῶν,\nεὗρον δʼ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ ἄκρῳ\nἥμενον· ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θυόεν νέφος ἐστεφάνωτο.\nτὼ δὲ πάροιθʼ ἐλθόντε Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο\nστήτην· οὐδέ σφωϊν ἰδὼν ἐχολώσατο θυμῷ,\nὅττί οἱ ὦκʼ ἐπέεσσι φίλης ἀλόχοιο πιθέσθην.\nἾριν δὲ προτέρην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nβάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα, Ποσειδάωνι ἄνακτι\nπάντα τάδʼ ἀγγεῖλαι, μὴ δὲ ψευδάγγελος εἶναι.\nπαυσάμενόν μιν ἄνωχθι μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο\nἔρχεσθαι μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν ἢ εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.\nεἰ δέ μοι οὐκ ἐπέεσσʼ ἐπιπείσεται, ἀλλʼ ἀλογήσει,\nφραζέσθω δὴ ἔπειτα κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν\nμή μʼ οὐδὲ κρατερός περ ἐὼν ἐπιόντα ταλάσσῃ\nμεῖναι, ἐπεί εὑ φημὶ βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι\nκαὶ γενεῇ πρότερος· τοῦ δʼ οὐκ ὄθεται φίλον ἦτορ\nἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι, τόν τε στυγέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι.", "en": "Thereon Juno left them and resumed her seat inside, while Iris and Apollo made all haste on their way. When they reached many-fountained Ida, mother of wild beasts, they found Jove seated on topmost Gargarus with a fragrant cloud encircling his head as with a diadem. They stood before his presence, and he was pleased with them for having been so quick in obeying the orders his wife had given them.\nHe spoke to Iris first. “Go,” said he, “fleet Iris, tell King Neptune what I now bid you, and tell him true. Bid him leave off fighting, and either join the company of the gods, or go down into the sea. If he takes no heed and disobeys me, let him consider well whether he is strong enough to hold his own against me if I attack him. I am older and much stronger than he is; yet he is not afraid to set himself up as on a level with myself, of whom all the other gods stand in awe.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.168–183", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις,\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἐκ νεφέων πτῆται νιφὰς ἠὲ χάλαζα\nψυχρὴ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς αἰθρηγενέος Βορέαο,\nὣς κραιπνῶς μεμαυῖα διέπτατο ὠκέα Ἶρις,\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη κλυτὸν ἐννοσίγαιον·\nἀγγελίην τινά τοι γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα\nἦλθον δεῦρο φέρουσα παραὶ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.\nπαυσάμενόν σʼ ἐκέλευσε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο\nἔρχεσθαι μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν ἢ εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.\nεἰ δέ οἱ οὐκ ἐπέεσσʼ ἐπιπείσεαι, ἀλλʼ ἀλογήσεις,\nἠπείλει καὶ κεῖνος ἐναντίβιον πολεμίξων\nἐνθάδʼ ἐλεύσεσθαι· σὲ δʼ ὑπεξαλέασθαι ἄνωγε\nχεῖρας, ἐπεὶ σέο φησὶ βίῃ πολὺ φέρτερος εἶναι\nκαὶ γενεῇ πρότερος· σὸν δʼ οὐκ ὄθεται φίλον ἦτορ\nἶσόν οἱ φάσθαι, τόν τε στυγέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι.", "en": "Iris, fleet as the wind, obeyed him, and as the cold hail or snow-flakes that fly from out the clouds before the blast of Boreas, even so did she wing her way till she came close up to the great shaker of the earth. Then she said, “I have come, O dark-haired king that holds the world in his embrace, to bring you a message from Jove. He bids you leave off fighting, and either join the company of the gods or go down into the sea; if, however, you take no heed and disobey him, he says he will come down here and fight you. He would have you keep out of his reach, for he is older and much stronger than you are, and yet you are not afraid to set yourself up as on a level with himself, of whom all the other gods stand in awe.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.184–199", "orig": "τὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος·\nὢ πόποι ἦ ῥʼ ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν ὑπέροπλον ἔειπεν\nεἴ μʼ ὁμότιμον ἐόντα βίῃ ἀέκοντα καθέξει.\nτρεῖς γάρ τʼ ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοὶ οὓς τέκετο Ῥέα\nΖεὺς καὶ ἐγώ, τρίτατος δʼ Ἀΐδης ἐνέροισιν ἀνάσσων.\nτριχθὰ δὲ πάντα δέδασται, ἕκαστος δʼ ἔμμορε τιμῆς·\nἤτοι ἐγὼν ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν αἰεὶ\nπαλλομένων, Ἀΐδης δʼ ἔλαχε ζόφον ἠερόεντα,\nΖεὺς δʼ ἔλαχʼ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι·\nγαῖα δʼ ἔτι ξυνὴ πάντων καὶ μακρὸς Ὄλυμπος.\nτώ ῥα καὶ οὔ τι Διὸς βέομαι φρεσίν, ἀλλὰ ἕκηλος\nκαὶ κρατερός περ ἐὼν μενέτω τριτάτῃ ἐνὶ μοίρῃ.\nχερσὶ δὲ μή τί με πάγχυ κακὸν ὣς δειδισσέσθω·\nθυγατέρεσσιν γάρ τε καὶ υἱάσι βέλτερον εἴη\nἐκπάγλοις ἐπέεσσιν ἐνισσέμεν οὓς τέκεν αὐτός,\nοἵ ἑθεν ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούσονται καὶ ἀνάγκῃ.", "en": "Neptune was very angry and said, “Great heavens! strong as Jove may be, he has said more than he can do if he has threatened violence against me, who am of like honour with himself. We were three brothers whom Rhea bore to Saturn, Jove, myself, and Hades who rules the world below. Heaven and earth were divided into three parts, and each of us was to have an equal share. When we cast lots, it fell to me to have my dwelling in the sea for evermore; Hades took the darkness of the realms under the earth, while air and sky and clouds were the portion that fell to Jove; but earth and great Olympus are the common property of all. Therefore I will not walk as Jove would have me. For all his strength, let him keep to his own third share and be contented without threatening to lay hands upon me as though I were nobody. Let him keep his bragging talk for his own sons and daughters, who must perforce obey him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.200–217", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nοὕτω γὰρ δή τοι γαιήοχε κυανοχαῖτα\nτόνδε φέρω Διὶ μῦθον ἀπηνέα τε κρατερόν τε,\nἦ τι μεταστρέψεις; στρεπταὶ μέν τε φρένες ἐσθλῶν.\nοἶσθʼ ὡς πρεσβυτέροισιν Ἐρινύες αἰὲν ἕπονται.\nτὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·\nἾρι θεὰ μάλα τοῦτο ἔπος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·\nἐσθλὸν καὶ τὸ τέτυκται ὅτʼ ἄγγελος αἴσιμα εἰδῇ.\nἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει\nὁππότʼ ἂν ἰσόμορον καὶ ὁμῇ πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ\nνεικείειν ἐθέλῃσι χολωτοῖσιν ἐπέεσσιν.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μέν κε νεμεσσηθεὶς ὑποείξω·\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, καὶ ἀπειλήσω τό γε θυμῷ·\nαἴ κεν ἄνευ ἐμέθεν καὶ Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης\nἭρης Ἑρμείω τε καὶ Ἡφαίστοιο ἄνακτος\nἸλίου αἰπεινῆς πεφιδήσεται, οὐδʼ ἐθελήσει\nἐκπέρσαι, δοῦναι δὲ μέγα κράτος Ἀργείοισιν,\nἴστω τοῦθʼ ὅτι νῶϊν ἀνήκεστος χόλος ἔσται.", "en": "Iris fleet as the wind then answered, “Am I really, Neptune, to take this daring and unyielding message to Jove, or will you reconsider your answer? Sensible people are open to argument, and you know that the Erinyes always range themselves on the side of the older person.”\nNeptune answered, “Goddess Iris, your words have been spoken in season. It is well when a messenger shows so much discretion. Nevertheless it cuts me to the very heart that any one should rebuke so angrily another who is his own peer, and of like empire with himself. Now, however, I will give way in spite of my displeasure; furthermore let me tell you, and I mean what I say, if contrary to the desire of myself, Minerva driver of the spoil, Juno, Mercury, and King Vulcan, Jove spares steep Ilius, and will not let the Achaeans have the great triumph of sacking it, let him understand that he will incur our implacable resentment.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.218–235", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν λίπε λαὸν Ἀχαιϊκὸν ἐννοσίγαιος,\nδῦνε δὲ πόντον ἰών, πόθεσαν δʼ ἥρωες Ἀχαιοί.\nκαὶ τότʼ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἔρχεο νῦν φίλε Φοῖβε μεθʼ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστήν·\nἤδη μὲν γάρ τοι γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος\nοἴχεται εἰς ἅλα δῖαν ἀλευάμενος χόλον αἰπὺν\nἡμέτερον· μάλα γάρ κε μάχης ἐπύθοντο καὶ ἄλλοι,\nοἵ περ ἐνέρτεροί εἰσι θεοὶ Κρόνον ἀμφὶς ἐόντες.\nἀλλὰ τόδʼ ἠμὲν ἐμοὶ πολὺ κέρδιον ἠδέ οἱ αὐτῷ\nἔπλετο, ὅττι πάροιθε νεμεσσηθεὶς ὑπόειξε\nχεῖρας ἐμάς, ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γʼ ἐτελέσθη.\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ ἐν χείρεσσι λάβʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν,\nτῇ μάλʼ ἐπισσείων φοβέειν ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς·\nσοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ μελέτω ἑκατηβόλε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nτόφρα γὰρ οὖν οἱ ἔγειρε μένος μέγα, ὄφρʼ ἂν Ἀχαιοὶ\nφεύγοντες νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκωνται.\nκεῖθεν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ φράσομαι ἔργον τε ἔπος τε,\nὥς κε καὶ αὖτις Ἀχαιοὶ ἀναπνεύσωσι πόνοιο.", "en": "Neptune now left the field to go down under the sea, and sorely did the Achaeans miss him. Then Jove said to Apollo, “Go, dear Phoebus, to Hector, for Neptune who holds the earth in his embrace has now gone down under the sea to avoid the severity of my displeasure. Had he not done so those gods who are below with Saturn would have come to hear of the fight between us. It is better for both of us that he should have curbed his anger and kept out of my reach, for I should have had much trouble with him. Take, then, your tasselled aegis, and shake it furiously, so as to set the Achaean heroes in a panic; take, moreover, brave Hector, O Far-Darter, into your own care, and rouse him to deeds of daring, till the Achaeans are sent flying back to their ships and to the Hellespont. From that point I will think it well over, how the Achaeans may have a respite from their troubles.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.236–245", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ἀνηκούστησεν Ἀπόλλων,\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἴρηκι ἐοικὼς\nὠκέϊ φασσοφόνῳ, ὅς τʼ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν.\nεὗρʼ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο δαΐφρονος Ἕκτορα δῖον\nἥμενον, οὐδʼ ἔτι κεῖτο, νέον δʼ ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν,\nἀμφὶ ἓ γιγνώσκων ἑτάρους· ἀτὰρ ἆσθμα καὶ ἱδρὼς\nπαύετʼ, ἐπεί μιν ἔγειρε Διὸς νόος αἰγιόχοιο.\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·\nἝκτορ υἱὲ Πριάμοιο, τί ἢ δὲ σὺ νόσφιν ἀπʼ ἄλλων\nἧσʼ ὀλιγηπελέων; ἦ πού τί σε κῆδος ἱκάνει;", "en": "Apollo obeyed his father’s saying, and left the crests of Ida, flying like a falcon, bane of doves and swiftest of all birds. He found Hector no longer lying upon the ground, but sitting up, for he had just come to himself again. He knew those who were about him, and the sweat and hard breathing had left him from the moment when the will of aegis-bearing Jove had revived him. Apollo stood beside him and said, “Hector son of Priam, why are you so faint, and why are you here away from the others? Has any mishap befallen you?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.246–261", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nτίς δὲ σύ ἐσσι φέριστε θεῶν ὅς μʼ εἴρεαι ἄντην;\nοὐκ ἀΐεις ὅ με νηυσὶν ἔπι πρυμνῇσιν Ἀχαιῶν\nοὓς ἑτάρους ὀλέκοντα βοὴν ἀγαθὸς βάλεν Αἴας\nχερμαδίῳ πρὸς στῆθος, ἔπαυσε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς;\nκαὶ δὴ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην νέκυας καὶ δῶμʼ Ἀΐδαο\nἤματι τῷδʼ ἵξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἄϊον ἦτορ.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·\nθάρσει νῦν· τοῖόν τοι ἀοσσητῆρα Κρονίων\nἐξ Ἴδης προέηκε παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν\nΦοῖβον Ἀπόλλωνα χρυσάορον, ὅς σε πάρος περ\nῥύομʼ, ὁμῶς αὐτόν τε καὶ αἰπεινὸν πτολίεθρον.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε νῦν ἱππεῦσιν ἐπότρυνον πολέεσσι\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐλαυνέμεν ὠκέας ἵππους·\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ προπάροιθε κιὼν ἵπποισι κέλευθον\nπᾶσαν λειανέω, τρέψω δʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "Hector in a weak voice answered, “And which, kind sir, of the gods are you, who now ask me thus? Do you not know that Ajax struck me on the chest with a stone as I was killing his comrades at the ships of the Achaeans, and compelled me to leave off fighting? I made sure that this very day I should breathe my last and go down into the house of Hades.”\nThen King Apollo said to him, “Take heart; the son of Saturn has sent you a mighty helper from Ida to stand by you and defend you, even me, Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who have been guardian hitherto not only of yourself but of your city. Now, therefore, order your horsemen to drive their chariots to the ships in great multitudes. I will go before your horses to smooth the way for them, and will turn the Achaeans in flight.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.262–280", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἔμπνευσε μένος μέγα ποιμένι λαῶν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τις στατὸς ἵππος ἀκοστήσας ἐπὶ φάτνῃ\nδεσμὸν ἀπορρήξας θείῃ πεδίοιο κροαίνων\nεἰωθὼς λούεσθαι ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο\nκυδιόων· ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται\nὤμοις ἀΐσσονται· ὃ δʼ ἀγλαΐηφι πεποιθὼς\nῥίμφά ἑ γοῦνα φέρει μετά τʼ ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων·\nὣς Ἕκτωρ λαιψηρὰ πόδας καὶ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα\nὀτρύνων ἱππῆας, ἐπεὶ θεοῦ ἔκλυεν αὐδήν.\nοἳ δʼ ὥς τʼ ἢ ἔλαφον κεραὸν ἢ ἄγριον αἶγα\nἐσσεύαντο κύνες τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἀγροιῶται·\nτὸν μέν τʼ ἠλίβατος πέτρη καὶ δάσκιος ὕλη\nεἰρύσατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα τέ σφι κιχήμεναι αἴσιμον ἦεν·\nτῶν δέ θʼ ὑπὸ ἰαχῆς ἐφάνη λὶς ἠϋγένειος\nεἰς ὁδόν, αἶψα δὲ πάντας ἀπέτραπε καὶ μεμαῶτας·\nὣς Δαναοὶ εἷος μὲν ὁμιλαδὸν αἰὲν ἕποντο\nνύσσοντες ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ ἴδον Ἕκτορʼ ἐποιχόμενον στίχας ἀνδρῶν\nτάρβησαν, πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θυμός.", "en": "As he spoke he infused great strength into the shepherd of his people. And as a horse, stabled and full-fed, breaks loose and gallops gloriously over the plain to the place where he is wont to take his bath in the river, he tosses his head, and his mane streams over his shoulders as in all the pride of his strength he flies full speed to the pastures where the mares are feeding, even so Hector, when he heard what the god said, urged his horsemen on, and sped forward as fast as his limbs could take him. As country peasants set their hounds on to a homed stag or wild goat, he has taken shelter under rock or thicket, and they cannot find him, but, lo, a bearded lion whom their shouts have roused stands in their path, and they are in no further humour for the chase, even so the Achaeans were still charging on in a body, using their swords and spears pointed at both ends, but when they saw Hector going about among his men they were afraid, and their hearts fell down into their feet." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.281–299", "orig": "τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀγόρευε Θόας Ἀνδραίμονος υἱός,\nΑἰτωλῶν ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἐπιστάμενος μὲν ἄκοντι\nἐσθλὸς δʼ ἐν σταδίῃ· ἀγορῇ δέ ἑ παῦροι Ἀχαιῶν\nνίκων, ὁππότε κοῦροι ἐρίσσειαν περὶ μύθων·\nὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι,\nοἷον δʼ αὖτʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀνέστη κῆρας ἀλύξας\nἝκτωρ· ἦ θήν μιν μάλα ἔλπετο θυμὸς ἑκάστου\nχερσὶν ὑπʼ Αἴαντος θανέειν Τελαμωνιάδαο.\nἀλλά τις αὖτε θεῶν ἐρρύσατο καὶ ἐσάωσεν\nἝκτορʼ, ὃ δὴ πολλῶν Δαναῶν ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν,\nὡς καὶ νῦν ἔσσεσθαι ὀΐομαι· οὐ γὰρ ἄτερ γε\nΖηνὸς ἐριγδούπου πρόμος ἵσταται ὧδε μενοινῶν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼν εἴπω πειθώμεθα πάντες.\nπληθὺν μὲν ποτὶ νῆας ἀνώξομεν ἀπονέεσθαι·\nαὐτοὶ δʼ, ὅσσοι ἄριστοι ἐνὶ στρατῷ εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι,\nστήομεν, εἴ κεν πρῶτον ἐρύξομεν ἀντιάσαντες\nδούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· τὸν δʼ οἴω καὶ μεμαῶτα\nθυμῷ δείσεσθαι Δαναῶν καταδῦναι ὅμιλον.", "en": "Then spoke Thoas son of Andraemon, leader of the Aetolians, a man who could throw a good throw, and who was staunch also in close fight, while few could surpass him in debate when opinions were divided. He then with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: “What, in heaven’s name, do I now see? Is it not Hector come to life again? Every one made sure he had been killed by Ajax son of Telamon, but it seems that one of the gods has again rescued him. He has killed many of us Danaans already, and I take it will yet do so, for the hand of Jove must be with him or he would never dare show himself so masterful in the forefront of the battle. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say; let us order the main body of our forces to fall back upon the ships, but let those of us who profess to be the flower of the army stand firm, and see whether we cannot hold Hector back at the point of our spears as soon as he comes near us; I conceive that he will then think better of it before he tries to charge into the press of the Danaans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.300–311", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο·\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἀμφʼ Αἴαντα καὶ Ἰδομενῆα ἄνακτα\nΤεῦκρον Μηριόνην τε Μέγην τʼ ἀτάλαντον Ἄρηϊ\nὑσμίνην ἤρτυνον ἀριστῆας καλέσαντες\nἝκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσιν ἐναντίον· αὐτὰρ ὀπίσσω\nἣ πληθὺς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἀπονέοντο.\nΤρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ\nμακρὰ βιβάς· πρόσθεν δὲ κίʼ αὐτοῦ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nεἱμένος ὤμοιιν νεφέλην, ἔχε δʼ αἰγίδα θοῦριν\nδεινὴν ἀμφιδάσειαν ἀριπρεπέʼ, ἣν ἄρα χαλκεὺς\nἭφαιστος Διὶ δῶκε φορήμεναι ἐς φόβον ἀνδρῶν·\nτὴν ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔχων ἡγήσατο λαῶν.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. Those who were about Ajax and King Idomeneus, the followers moreover of Teucer, Meriones, and Meges peer of Mars called all their best men about them and sustained the fight against Hector and the Trojans, but the main body fell back upon the ships of the Achaeans.\nThe Trojans pressed forward in a dense body, with Hector striding on at their head. Before him went Phoebus Apollo shrouded in cloud about his shoulders. He bore aloft the terrible aegis with its shaggy fringe, which Vulcan the smith had given Jove to strike terror into the hearts of men. With this in his hand he led on the Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.312–327", "orig": "Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες, ὦρτο δʼ ἀϋτὴ\nὀξεῖʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν, ἀπὸ νευρῆφι δʼ ὀϊστοὶ\nθρῷσκον· πολλὰ δὲ δοῦρα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν\nἄλλα μὲν ἐν χροῒ πήγνυτʼ ἀρηϊθόων αἰζηῶν,\nπολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγὺ πάρος χρόα λευκὸν ἐπαυρεῖν\nἐν γαίῃ ἵσταντο λιλαιόμενα χροὸς ἆσαι.\nὄφρα μὲν αἰγίδα χερσὶν ἔχʼ ἀτρέμα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nτόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατʼ ἐνῶπα ἰδὼν Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων\nσεῖσʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἄϋσε μάλα μέγα, τοῖσι δὲ θυμὸν\nἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθελξε, λάθοντο δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.\nοἳ δʼ ὥς τʼ ἠὲ βοῶν ἀγέλην ἢ πῶϋ μέγʼ οἰῶν\nθῆρε δύω κλονέωσι μελαίνης νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ\nἐλθόντʼ ἐξαπίνης σημάντορος οὐ παρεόντος,\nὣς ἐφόβηθεν Ἀχαιοὶ ἀνάλκιδες· ἐν γὰρ Ἀπόλλων\nἧκε φόβον, Τρωσὶν δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὄπαζεν.", "en": "The Argives held together and stood their ground. The cry of battle rose high from either side, and the arrows flew from the bowstrings. Many a spear sped from strong hands and fastened in the bodies of many a valiant warrior, while others fell to earth midway, before they could taste of man’s fair flesh and glut themselves with blood. So long as Phoebus Apollo held his aegis quietly and without shaking it, the weapons on either side took effect and the people fell, but when he shook it straight in the face of the Danaans and raised his mighty battle-cry their hearts fainted within them and they forgot their former prowess. As when two wild beasts spring in the dead of night on a herd of cattle or a large flock of sheep when the herdsman is not there, even so were the Danaans struck helpless, for Apollo filled them with panic and gave victory to Hector and the Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.328–342", "orig": "ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης.\nἝκτωρ μὲν Στιχίον τε καὶ Ἀρκεσίλαον ἔπεφνε,\nτὸν μὲν Βοιωτῶν ἡγήτορα χαλκοχιτώνων,\nτὸν δὲ Μενεσθῆος μεγαθύμου πιστὸν ἑταῖρον·\nΑἰνείας δὲ Μέδοντα καὶ Ἴασον ἐξενάριξεν.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν νόθος υἱὸς Ὀϊλῆος θείοιο\nἔσκε Μέδων Αἴαντος ἀδελφεός· αὐτὰρ ἔναιεν\nἐν Φυλάκῃ γαίης ἄπο πατρίδος ἄνδρα κατακτὰς\nγνωτὸν μητρυιῆς Ἐριώπιδος, ἣν ἔχʼ Ὀϊλεύς·\nἼασος αὖτʼ ἀρχὸς μὲν Ἀθηναίων ἐτέτυκτο,\nυἱὸς δὲ Σφήλοιο καλέσκετο Βουκολίδαο.\nΜηκιστῆ δʼ ἕλε Πουλυδάμας, Ἐχίον δὲ Πολίτης\nπρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, Κλονίον δʼ ἕλε δῖος Ἀγήνωρ.\nΔηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε\nφεύγοντʼ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.", "en": "The fight then became more scattered and they killed one another where they best could. Hector killed Stichius and Arcesilaus, the one, leader of the Boeotians, and the other, friend and comrade of Menestheus. Aeneas killed Medon and Iasus. The first was bastard son to Oileus, and brother to Ajax, but he lived in Phylace away from his own country, for he had killed a man, a kinsman of his stepmother Eriopis whom Oileus had married. Iasus had become a leader of the Athenians, and was son of Sphelus the son of Boucolos. Polydamas killed Mecisteus, and Polites Echius, in the front of the battle, while Agenor slew Clonius. Paris struck Deiochus from behind in the lower part of the shoulder, as he was flying among the foremost, and the point of the spear went clean through him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.343–359", "orig": "ὄφρʼ οἳ τοὺς ἐνάριζον ἀπʼ ἔντεα, τόφρα δʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nτάφρῳ καὶ σκολόπεσσιν ἐνιπλήξαντες ὀρυκτῇ\nἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα φέβοντο, δύοντο δὲ τεῖχος ἀνάγκῃ.\nἝκτωρ δὲ Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας\nνηυσὶν ἐπισσεύεσθαι, ἐᾶν δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα·\nὃν δʼ ἂν ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἑτέρωθι νοήσω,\nαὐτοῦ οἱ θάνατον μητίσομαι, οὐδέ νυ τόν γε\nγνωτοί τε γνωταί τε πυρὸς λελάχωσι θανόντα,\nἀλλὰ κύνες ἐρύουσι πρὸ ἄστεος ἡμετέροιο.\nὣς εἰπὼν μάστιγι κατωμαδὸν ἤλασεν ἵππους\nκεκλόμενος Τρώεσσι κατὰ στίχας· οἳ δὲ σὺν αὐτῷ\nπάντες ὁμοκλήσαντες ἔχον ἐρυσάρματας ἵππους\nἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ· προπάροιθε δὲ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nῥεῖʼ ὄχθας καπέτοιο βαθείης ποσσὶν ἐρείπων\nἐς μέσσον κατέβαλλε, γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον\nμακρὴν ἠδʼ εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ\nγίγνεται, ὁππότʼ ἀνὴρ σθένεος πειρώμενος ᾗσι.", "en": "While they were spoiling these heroes of their armour, the Achaeans were flying pell-mell to the trench and the set stakes, and were forced back within their wall. Hector then cried out to the Trojans, “Forward to the ships, and let the spoils be. If I see any man keeping back on the other side the wall away from the ships I will have him killed: his kinsmen and kinswomen shall not give him his dues of fire, but dogs shall tear him in pieces in front of our city.”\nAs he spoke he laid his whip about his horses’ shoulders and called to the Trojans throughout their ranks; the Trojans shouted with a cry that rent the air, and kept their horses neck and neck with his own. Phoebus Apollo went before, and kicked down the banks of the deep trench into its middle so as to make a great broad bridge, as broad as the throw of a spear when a man is trying his strength." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.360–376", "orig": "τῇ ῥʼ οἵ γε προχέοντο φαλαγγηδόν, πρὸ δʼ Ἀπόλλων\nαἰγίδʼ ἔχων ἐρίτιμον· ἔρειπε δὲ τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν\nῥεῖα μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τις ψάμαθον πάϊς ἄγχι θαλάσσης,\nὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ποιήσῃ ἀθύρματα νηπιέῃσιν\nἂψ αὖτις συνέχευε ποσὶν καὶ χερσὶν ἀθύρων.\nὥς ῥα σὺ ἤϊε Φοῖβε πολὺν κάματον καὶ ὀϊζὺν\nσύγχεας Ἀργείων, αὐτοῖσι δὲ φύζαν ἐνῶρσας.\nὣς οἳ μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐρητύοντο μένοντες,\nἀλλήλοισί τε κεκλόμενοι καὶ πᾶσι θεοῖσι\nχεῖρας ἀνίσχοντες μεγάλʼ εὐχετόωντο ἕκαστος·\nΝέστωρ αὖτε μάλιστα Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν\nεὔχετο χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα·\nΖεῦ πάτερ εἴ ποτέ τίς τοι ἐν Ἄργεΐ περ πολυπύρῳ\nἢ βοὸς ἢ οἰὸς κατὰ πίονα μηρία καίων\nεὔχετο νοστῆσαι, σὺ δʼ ὑπέσχεο καὶ κατένευσας,\nτῶν μνῆσαι καὶ ἄμυνον Ὀλύμπιε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ,\nμηδʼ οὕτω Τρώεσσιν ἔα δάμνασθαι Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "The Trojan battalions poured over the bridge, and Apollo with his redoubtable aegis led the way. He kicked down the wall of the Achaeans as easily as a child who playing on the sea-shore has built a house of sand and then kicks it down again and destroys it, even so did you, O Apollo, shed toil and trouble upon the Argives, filling them with panic and confusion.\nThus then were the Achaeans hemmed in at their ships, calling out to one another and raising their hands with loud cries every man to heaven. Nestor of Gerene, tower of strength to the Achaeans, lifted up his hands to the starry firmament of heaven, and prayed more fervently than any of them. “Father Jove,” said he, “if ever any one in wheat-growing Argos burned you fat thigh-bones of sheep or heifer and prayed that he might return safely home, whereon you bowed your head to him in assent, bear it in mind now, and suffer not the Trojans to triumph thus over the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.377–389", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, μέγα δʼ ἔκτυπε μητίετα Ζεύς,\nἀράων ἀΐων Νηληϊάδαο γέροντος.\nΤρῶες δʼ ὡς ἐπύθοντο Διὸς κτύπον αἰγιόχοιο,\nμᾶλλον ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.\nοἳ δʼ ὥς τε μέγα κῦμα θαλάσσης εὐρυπόροιο\nνηὸς ὑπὲρ τοίχων καταβήσεται, ὁππότʼ ἐπείγῃ\nἲς ἀνέμου· ἣ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε κύματʼ ὀφέλλει·\nὣς Τρῶες μεγάλῃ ἰαχῇ κατὰ τεῖχος ἔβαινον,\nἵππους δʼ εἰσελάσαντες ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσι μάχοντο\nἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοις αὐτοσχεδόν, οἳ μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων,\nοἳ δʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν ὕψι μελαινάων ἐπιβάντες\nμακροῖσι ξυστοῖσι, τά ῥά σφʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἔκειτο\nναύμαχα κολλήεντα, κατὰ στόμα εἱμένα χαλκῷ.", "en": "All-counselling Jove thundered loudly in answer to the prayer of the aged son of Neleus. When they heard Jove thunder they flung themselves yet more fiercely on the Achaeans. As a wave breaking over the bulwarks of a ship when the sea runs high before a gale, for it is the force of the wind that makes the waves so great, even so did the Trojans spring over the wall with a shout, and drive their chariots onwards. The two sides fought with their double-pointed spears in hand-to-hand encounter-the Trojans from their chariots, and the Achaeans climbing up into their ships and wielding the long pikes that were lying on the decks ready for use in a sea-fight, jointed and shod with bronze." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.390–404", "orig": "Πάτροκλος δʼ εἷος μὲν Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε\nτείχεος ἀμφεμάχοντο θοάων ἔκτοθι νηῶν,\nτόφρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐνὶ κλισίῃ ἀγαπήνορος Εὐρυπύλοιο\nἧστό τε καὶ τὸν ἔτερπε λόγοις, ἐπὶ δʼ ἕλκεϊ λυγρῷ\nφάρμακʼ ἀκέσματʼ ἔπασσε μελαινάων ὀδυνάων.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῖχος ἐπεσσυμένους ἐνόησε\nΤρῶας, ἀτὰρ Δαναῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φόβος τε,\nᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ὣ πεπλήγετο μηρὼ\nχερσὶ καταπρηνέσσʼ, ὀλοφυρόμενος δʼ ἔπος ηὔδα·\nΕὐρύπυλʼ οὐκ ἔτι τοι δύναμαι χατέοντί περʼ ἔμπης\nἐνθάδε παρμενέμεν· δὴ γὰρ μέγα νεῖκος ὄρωρεν·\nἀλλὰ σὲ μὲν θεράπων ποτιτερπέτω, αὐτὰρ ἔγωγε\nσπεύσομαι εἰς Ἀχιλῆα, ἵνʼ ὀτρύνω πολεμίζειν.\nτίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κέν οἱ σὺν δαίμονι θυμὸν ὀρίνω\nπαρειπών; ἀγαθὴ δὲ παραίφασίς ἐστιν ἑταίρου.", "en": "Now Patroclus, so long as the Achaeans and Trojans were fighting about the wall, but were not yet within it and at the ships, remained sitting in the tent of good Eurypylus, entertaining him with his conversation and spreading herbs over his wound to ease his pain. When, however, he saw the Trojans swarming through the breach in the wall, while the Achaeans were clamouring and struck with panic, he cried aloud, and smote his two thighs with the flat of his hands. “Eurypylus,” said he in his dismay, “I know you want me badly, but I cannot stay with you any longer, for there is hard fighting going on; a servant shall take care of you now, for I must make all speed to Achilles, and induce him to fight if I can; who knows but with heaven’s help I may persuade him. A man does well to listen to the advice of a friend.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.405–418", "orig": "τὸν μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰπόντα πόδες φέρον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nΤρῶας ἐπερχομένους μένον ἔμπεδον, οὐδʼ ἐδύναντο\nπαυροτέρους περ ἐόντας ἀπώσασθαι παρὰ νηῶν·\nοὐδέ ποτε Τρῶες Δαναῶν ἐδύναντο φάλαγγας\nῥηξάμενοι κλισίῃσι μιγήμεναι ἠδὲ νέεσσιν.\nἀλλʼ ὥς τε στάθμη δόρυ νήϊον ἐξιθύνει\nτέκτονος ἐν παλάμῃσι δαήμονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης\nεὖ εἰδῇ σοφίης ὑποθημοσύνῃσιν Ἀθήνης,\nὣς μὲν τῶν ἐπὶ ἶσα μάχη τέτατο πτόλεμός τε·\nἄλλοι δʼ ἀμφʼ ἄλλῃσι μάχην ἐμάχοντο νέεσσιν,\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἄντʼ Αἴαντος ἐείσατο κυδαλίμοιο.\nτὼ δὲ μιῆς περὶ νηὸς ἔχον πόνον, οὐδὲ δύναντο\nοὔθʼ ὃ τὸν ἐξελάσαι καὶ ἐνιπρῆσαι πυρὶ νῆα\nοὔθʼ ὃ τὸν ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπέλασσέ γε δαίμων.", "en": "When he had thus spoken he went his way. The Achaeans stood firm and resisted the attack of the Trojans, yet though these were fewer in number, they could not drive them back from the ships, neither could the Trojans break the Achaean ranks and make their way in among the tents and ships. As a carpenter’s line gives a true edge to a piece of ship’s timber, in the hand of some skilled workman whom Minerva has instructed in all kinds of useful arts, even so level was the issue of the fight between the two sides, as they fought some round one and some round another.\nHector made straight for Ajax, and the two fought fiercely about the same ship. Hector could not force Ajax back and fire the ship, nor yet could Ajax drive Hector from the spot to which heaven had brought him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.419–429", "orig": "ἔνθʼ υἷα Κλυτίοιο Καλήτορα φαίδιμος Αἴας\nπῦρ ἐς νῆα φέροντα κατὰ στῆθος βάλε δουρί.\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, δαλὸς δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὡς ἐνόησεν ἀνεψιὸν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν\nἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντα νεὸς προπάροιθε μελαίνης,\nΤρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nΤρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ\nμὴ δή πω χάζεσθε μάχης ἐν στείνεϊ τῷδε,\nἀλλʼ υἷα Κλυτίοιο σαώσατε, μή μιν Ἀχαιοὶ\nτεύχεα συλήσωσι νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι πεσόντα.\nὣς εἰπὼν Αἴαντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.", "en": "Then Ajax struck Caletor son of Clytius in the chest with a spear as he was bringing fire towards the ship. He fell heavily to the ground and the torch dropped from his hand. When Hector saw his cousin fallen in front of the ship he shouted to the Trojans and Lycians saying, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians good in close fight, bate not a jot, but rescue the son of Clytius lest the Achaeans strip him of his armour now that he has fallen.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.430–441", "orig": "τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα Λυκόφρονα Μάστορος υἱὸν\nΑἴαντος θεράποντα Κυθήριον, ὅς ῥα παρʼ αὐτῷ\nναῖʼ, ἐπεὶ ἄνδρα κατέκτα Κυθήροισι ζαθέοισι,\nτόν ῥʼ ἔβαλεν κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ οὔατος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ\nἑσταότʼ ἄγχʼ Αἴαντος· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι\nνηὸς ἄπο πρυμνῆς χαμάδις πέσε, λύντο δὲ γυῖα.\nΑἴας δʼ ἐρρίγησε, κασίγνητον δὲ προσηύδα·\nΤεῦκρε πέπον δὴ νῶϊν ἀπέκτατο πιστὸς ἑταῖρος\nΜαστορίδης, ὃν νῶϊ Κυθηρόθεν ἔνδον ἐόντα\nἶσα φίλοισι τοκεῦσιν ἐτίομεν ἐν μεγάροισι·\nτὸν δʼ Ἕκτωρ μεγάθυμος ἀπέκτανε. ποῦ νύ τοι ἰοὶ\nὠκύμοροι καὶ τόξον ὅ τοι πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων;", "en": "He then aimed a spear at Ajax, and missed him, but he hit Lycophron a follower of Ajax, who came from Cythera, but was living with Ajax inasmuch as he had killed a man among the Cythereans. Hector’s spear struck him on the head below the ear, and he fell headlong from the ship’s prow on to the ground with no life left in him. Ajax shook with rage and said to his brother, “Teucer, my good fellow, our trusty comrade the son of Mastor has fallen, he came to live with us from Cythera and whom we honoured as much as our own parents. Hector has just killed him; fetch your deadly arrows at once and the bow which Phoebus Apollo gave you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.442–457", "orig": "ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ ξυνέηκε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη,\nτόξον ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παλίντονον ἠδὲ φαρέτρην\nἰοδόκον· μάλα δʼ ὦκα βέλεα Τρώεσσιν ἐφίει.\nκαί ῥʼ ἔβαλε Κλεῖτον Πεισήνορος ἀγλαὸν υἱὸν\nΠουλυδάμαντος ἑταῖρον ἀγαυοῦ Πανθοΐδαο\nἡνία χερσὶν ἔχοντα· ὃ μὲν πεπόνητο καθʼ ἵππους·\nτῇ γὰρ ἔχʼ ᾗ ῥα πολὺ πλεῖσται κλονέοντο φάλαγγες\nἝκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσι χαριζόμενος· τάχα δʼ αὐτῷ\nἦλθε κακόν, τό οἱ οὔ τις ἐρύκακεν ἱεμένων περ.\nαὐχένι γάρ οἱ ὄπισθε πολύστονος ἔμπεσεν ἰός·\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπερώησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nκείνʼ ὄχεα κροτέοντες. ἄναξ δʼ ἐνόησε τάχιστα\nΠουλυδάμας, καὶ πρῶτος ἐναντίος ἤλυθεν ἵππων.\nτοὺς μὲν ὅ γʼ Ἀστυνόῳ Προτιάονος υἱέϊ δῶκε,\nπολλὰ δʼ ἐπότρυνε σχεδὸν ἴσχειν εἰσορόωντα\nἵππους· αὐτὸς δʼ αὖτις ἰὼν προμάχοισιν ἐμίχθη.", "en": "Teucer heard him and hastened towards him with his bow and quiver in his hands. Forthwith he showered his arrows on the Trojans, and hit Cleitus the son of Pisenor, comrade of Polydamas the noble son of Panthous, with the reins in his hands as he was attending to his horses; he was in the middle of the very thickest part of the fight, doing good service to Hector and the Trojans, but evil had now come upon him, and not one of those who were fain to do so could avert it, for the arrow struck him on the back of the neck. He fell from his chariot and his horses shook the empty car as they swerved aside. King Polydamas saw what had happened, and was the first to come up to the horses; he gave them in charge to Astynous son of Protiaon, and ordered him to look on, and to keep the horses near at hand. He then went back and took his place in the front ranks." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.458–471", "orig": "Τεῦκρος δʼ ἄλλον ὀϊστὸν ἐφʼ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ\nαἴνυτο, καί κεν ἔπαυσε μάχης ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν,\nεἴ μιν ἀριστεύοντα βαλὼν ἐξείλετο θυμόν.\nἀλλʼ οὐ λῆθε Διὸς πυκινὸν νόον, ὅς ῥʼ ἐφύλασσεν\nἝκτορʼ, ἀτὰρ Τεῦκρον Τελαμώνιον εὖχος ἀπηύρα,\nὅς οἱ ἐϋστρεφέα νευρὴν ἐν ἀμύμονι τόξῳ\nῥῆξʼ ἐπὶ τῷ ἐρύοντι· παρεπλάγχθη δέ οἱ ἄλλῃ\nἰὸς χαλκοβαρής, τόξον δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε χειρός.\nΤεῦκρος δʼ ἐρρίγησε, κασίγνητον δὲ προσηύδα·\nὢ πόποι ἦ δὴ πάγχυ μάχης ἐπὶ μήδεα κείρει\nδαίμων ἡμετέρης, ὅ τέ μοι βιὸν ἔκβαλε χειρός,\nνευρὴν δʼ ἐξέρρηξε νεόστροφον, ἣν ἐνέδησα\nπρώϊον, ὄφρʼ ἀνέχοιτο θαμὰ θρῴσκοντας ὀϊστούς.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·", "en": "Teucer then aimed another arrow at Hector, and there would have been no more fighting at the ships if he had hit him and killed him then and there: Jove, however, who kept watch over Hector, had his eyes on Teucer, and deprived him of his triumph, by breaking his bowstring for him just as he was drawing it and about to take his aim; on this the arrow went astray and the bow fell from his hands. Teucer shook with anger and said to his brother, “Alas, see how heaven thwarts us in all we do; it has broken my bowstring and snatched the bow from my hand, though I strung it this self-same morning that it might serve me for many an arrow.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.472–483", "orig": "ὦ πέπον ἀλλὰ βιὸν μὲν ἔα καὶ ταρφέας ἰοὺς\nκεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ συνέχευε θεὸς Δαναοῖσι μεγήρας·\nαὐτὰρ χερσὶν ἑλὼν δολιχὸν δόρυ καὶ σάκος ὤμῳ\nμάρναό τε Τρώεσσι καὶ ἄλλους ὄρνυθι λαούς.\nμὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε δαμασσάμενοί περ ἕλοιεν\nνῆας ἐϋσσέλμους, ἀλλὰ μνησώμεθα χάρμης.\nὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ τόξον μὲν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἔθηκεν,\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι σάκος θέτο τετραθέλυμνον,\nκρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν\nἵππουριν, δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν·\nεἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι, μάλα δʼ ὦκα θέων Αἴαντι παρέστη.", "en": "Ajax son of Telamon answered, “My good fellow, let your bow and your arrows be, for Jove has made them useless in order to spite the Danaans. Take your spear, lay your shield upon your shoulder, and both fight the Trojans yourself and urge others to do so. They may be successful for the moment but if we fight as we ought they will find it a hard matter to take the ships.”\nTeucer then took his bow and put it by in his tent. He hung a shield four hides thick about his shoulders, and on his comely head he set his helmet well wrought with a crest of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it; he grasped his redoubtable bronze-shod spear, and forthwith he was by the side of Ajax." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.484–499", "orig": "Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς εἶδεν Τεύκρου βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα,\nΤρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nΤρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ\nἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς\nνῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν\nἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος Διόθεν βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα.\nῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτος Διὸς ἀνδράσι γίγνεται ἀλκή,\nἠμὲν ὁτέοισιν κῦδος ὑπέρτερον ἐγγυαλίξῃ,\nἠδʼ ὅτινας μινύθῃ τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλῃσιν ἀμύνειν,\nὡς νῦν Ἀργείων μινύθει μένος, ἄμμι δʼ ἀρήγει.\nἀλλὰ μάχεσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἀολλέες· ὃς δέ κεν ὑμέων\nβλήμενος ἠὲ τυπεὶς θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ\nτεθνάτω· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀμυνομένῳ περὶ πάτρης\nτεθνάμεν· ἀλλʼ ἄλοχός τε σόη καὶ παῖδες ὀπίσσω,\nκαὶ οἶκος καὶ κλῆρος ἀκήρατος, εἴ κεν Ἀχαιοὶ\nοἴχωνται σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.", "en": "When Hector saw that Teucer’s bow was of no more use to him, he shouted out to the Trojans and Lycians, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians good in close fight, be men, my friends, and show your mettle here at the ships, for I see the weapon of one of their chieftains made useless by the hand of Jove. It is easy to see when Jove is helping people and means to help them still further, or again when he is bringing them down and will do nothing for them; he is now on our side, and is going against the Argives. Therefore swarm round the ships and fight. If any of you is struck by spear or sword and loses his life, let him die; he dies with honour who dies fighting for his country; and he will leave his wife and children safe behind him, with his house and allotment unplundered if only the Achaeans can be driven back to their own land, they and their ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.500–513", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nΑἴας δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκέκλετο οἷς ἑτάροισιν·\nαἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι· νῦν ἄρκιον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι\nἠὲ σαωθῆναι καὶ ἀπώσασθαι κακὰ νηῶν.\nἦ ἔλπεσθʼ ἢν νῆας ἕλῃ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nἐμβαδὸν ἵξεσθαι ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἕκαστος;\nἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε λαὸν ἅπαντα\nἝκτορος, ὃς δὴ νῆας ἐνιπρῆσαι μενεαίνει;\nοὐ μὰν ἔς γε χορὸν κέλετʼ ἐλθέμεν, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.\nἡμῖν δʼ οὔ τις τοῦδε νόος καὶ μῆτις ἀμείνων\nἢ αὐτοσχεδίῃ μῖξαι χεῖράς τε μένος τε.\nβέλτερον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι\nἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι\nὧδʼ αὔτως παρὰ νηυσὶν ὑπʼ ἀνδράσι χειροτέροισιν.", "en": "With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Ajax on the other side exhorted his comrades saying, “Shame on you Argives, we are now utterly undone, unless we can save ourselves by driving the enemy from our ships. Do you think, if Hector takes them, that you will be able to get home by land? Can you not hear him cheering on his whole host to fire our fleet, and bidding them remember that they are not at a dance but in battle? Our only course is to fight them with might and main; we had better chance it, life or death, once for all, than fight long and without issue hemmed in at our ships by worse men than ourselves.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.514–524", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nἔνθʼ Ἕκτωρ μὲν ἕλε Σχεδίον Περιμήδεος υἱὸν\nἀρχὸν Φωκήων, Αἴας δʼ ἕλε Λαοδάμαντα\nἡγεμόνα πρυλέων Ἀντήνορος ἀγλαὸν υἱόν·\nΠουλυδάμας δʼ Ὦτον Κυλλήνιον ἐξενάριξε\nΦυλεΐδεω ἕταρον, μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸν Ἐπειῶν.\nτῷ δὲ Μέγης ἐπόρουσεν ἰδών· ὃ δʼ ὕπαιθα λιάσθη\nΠουλυδάμας· καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἀπήμβροτεν· οὐ γὰρ Ἀπόλλων\nεἴα Πάνθου υἱὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι δαμῆναι·\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γε Κροίσμου στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρί.\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα.", "en": "With these words he put life and soul into them all. Hector then killed Schedius son of Perimedes, leader of the Phoceans, and Ajax killed Laodamas captain of foot soldiers and son to Antenor. Polydamas killed Otus of Cyllene a comrade of the son of Phyleus and chief of the proud Epeans. When Meges saw this he sprang upon him, but Polydamas crouched down, and he missed him, for Apollo would not suffer the son of Panthous to fall in battle; but the spear hit Croesmus in the middle of his chest, whereon he fell heavily to the ground, and Meges stripped him of his armour." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.525–541", "orig": "τόφρα δὲ τῷ ἐπόρουσε Δόλοψ αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰδὼς\nΛαμπετίδης, ὃν Λάμπος ἐγείνατο φέρτατον υἱὸν\nΛαομεδοντιάδης εὖ εἰδότα θούριδος ἀλκῆς,\nὃς τότε Φυλεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὔτασε δουρὶ\nἐγγύθεν ὁρμηθείς· πυκινὸς δέ οἱ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ,\nτόν ῥʼ ἐφόρει γυάλοισιν ἀρηρότα· τόν ποτε Φυλεὺς\nἤγαγεν ἐξ Ἐφύρης, ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος.\nξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔδωκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὐφήτης\nἐς πόλεμον φορέειν δηΐων ἀνδρῶν ἀλεωρήν·\nὅς οἱ καὶ τότε παιδὸς ἀπὸ χροὸς ἤρκεσʼ ὄλεθρον.\nτοῦ δὲ Μέγης κόρυθος χαλκήρεος ἱπποδασείης\nκύμβαχον ἀκρότατον νύξʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι,\nῥῆξε δʼ ἀφʼ ἵππειον λόφον αὐτοῦ· πᾶς δὲ χαμᾶζε\nκάππεσεν ἐν κονίῃσι νέον φοίνικι φαεινός.\nεἷος ὃ τῷ πολέμιζε μένων, ἔτι δʼ ἔλπετο νίκην,\nτόφρα δέ οἱ Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος ἦλθεν ἀμύντωρ,\nστῆ δʼ εὐρὰξ σὺν δουρὶ λαθών, βάλε δʼ ὦμον ὄπισθεν·", "en": "At that moment the valiant soldier Dolops son of Lampus sprang upon Lampus was son of Laomedon and noted for his valour, while his son Dolops was versed in all the ways of war. He then struck the middle of the son of Phyleus’ shield with his spear, setting on him at close quarters, but his good corslet made with plates of metal saved him; Phyleus had brought it from Ephyra and the river Selleis, where his host, King Euphetes, had given it him to wear in battle and protect him. It now served to save the life of his son. Then Meges struck the topmost crest of Dolops’s bronze helmet with his spear and tore away its plume of horse-hair, so that all newly dyed with scarlet as it was it tumbled down into the dust. While he was still fighting and confident of victory, Menelaus came up to help Meges, and got by the side of Dolops unperceived; he then speared him in the shoulder, from behind, and the point, driven so furiously, went through into his chest, whereon he fell headlong." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.542–558", "orig": "αἰχμὴ δὲ στέρνοιο διέσσυτο μαιμώωσα\nπρόσσω ἱεμένη· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐλιάσθη.\nτὼ μὲν ἐεισάσθην χαλκήρεα τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων\nσυλήσειν· Ἕκτωρ δὲ κασιγνήτοισι κέλευσε\nπᾶσι μάλα, πρῶτον δʼ Ἱκεταονίδην ἐνένιπεν\nἴφθιμον Μελάνιππον. ὃ δʼ ὄφρα μὲν εἰλίποδας βοῦς\nβόσκʼ ἐν Περκώτῃ δηΐων ἀπὸ νόσφιν ἐόντων·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Δαναῶν νέες ἤλυθον ἀμφιέλισσαι,\nἂψ εἰς Ἴλιον ἦλθε, μετέπρεπε δὲ Τρώεσσι,\nναῖε δὲ πὰρ Πριάμῳ, ὃ δέ μιν τίεν ἶσα τέκεσσι·\nτόν ῥʼ Ἕκτωρ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·\nοὕτω δὴ Μελάνιππε μεθήσομεν; οὐδέ νυ σοί περ\nἐντρέπεται φίλον ἦτορ ἀνεψιοῦ κταμένοιο;\nοὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷον Δόλοπος περὶ τεύχεʼ ἕπουσιν;\nἀλλʼ ἕπευ· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔστιν ἀποσταδὸν Ἀργείοισι\nμάρνασθαι, πρίν γʼ ἠὲ κατακτάμεν ἠὲ κατʼ ἄκρης\nἼλιον αἰπεινὴν ἑλέειν κτάσθαι τε πολίτας.", "en": "The two then made towards him to strip him of his armour, but Hector called on all his brothers for help, and he especially upbraided brave Melanippus son of Hiketaon, who erewhile used to pasture his herds of cattle in Percote before the war broke out; but when the ships of the Danaans came, he went back to Ilius, where he was eminent among the Trojans, and lived near Priam who treated him as one of his own sons. Hector now rebuked him and said, “Why, Melanippus, are we thus remiss? do you take no note of the death of your kinsman, and do you not see how they are trying to take Dolops’s armour? Follow me; there must be no fighting the Argives from a distance now, but we must do so in close combat till either we kill them or they take the high wall of Ilius and slay her people.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.559–571", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ἦρχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο ἰσόθεος φώς·\nἈργείους δʼ ὄτρυνε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·\nὦ φίλοι ἀνέρες ἔστε, καὶ αἰδῶ θέσθʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,\nἀλλήλους τʼ αἰδεῖσθε κατὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας.\nαἰδομένων δʼ ἀνδρῶν πλέονες σόοι ἠὲ πέφανται·\nφευγόντων δʼ οὔτʼ ἂρ κλέος ὄρνυται οὔτέ τις ἀλκή.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀλέξασθαι μενέαινον,\nἐν θυμῷ δʼ ἐβάλοντο ἔπος, φράξαντο δὲ νῆας\nἕρκεϊ χαλκείῳ· ἐπὶ δὲ Ζεὺς Τρῶας ἔγειρεν.\nἈντίλοχον δʼ ὄτρυνε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·\nἈντίλοχʼ οὔ τις σεῖο νεώτερος ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν,\nοὔτε ποσὶν θάσσων οὔτʼ ἄλκιμος ὡς σὺ μάχεσθαι·\nεἴ τινά που Τρώων ἐξάλμενος ἄνδρα βάλοισθα.", "en": "He led on as he spoke, and the hero Melanippus followed after. Meanwhile Ajax son of Telamon was cheering on the Argives. “My friends,” he cried, “be men, and fear dishonour; quit yourselves in battle so as to win respect from one another. Men who respect each other’s good opinion are less likely to be killed than those who do not, but in flight there is neither gain nor glory.”\nThus did he exhort men who were already bent upon driving back the Trojans. They laid his words to heart and hedged the ships as with a wall of bronze, while Jove urged on the Trojans. Menelaus of the loud battle-cry urged Antilochus on. “Antilochus,” said he, “you are young and there is none of the Achaeans more fleet of foot or more valiant than you are. See if you cannot spring upon some Trojan and kill him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.572–591", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἀπέσσυτο, τὸν δʼ ὀρόθυνεν·\nἐκ δʼ ἔθορε προμάχων, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nἀμφὶ ἓ παπτήνας· ὑπὸ δὲ Τρῶες κεκάδοντο\nἀνδρὸς ἀκοντίσσαντος· ὃ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἧκεν,\nἀλλʼ Ἱκετάονος υἱὸν ὑπέρθυμον Μελάνιππον\nνισόμενον πόλεμον δὲ βάλε στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν.\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.\nἈντίλοχος δʼ ἐπόρουσε κύων ὥς, ὅς τʼ ἐπὶ νεβρῷ\nβλημένῳ ἀΐξῃ, τόν τʼ ἐξ εὐνῆφι θορόντα\nθηρητὴρ ἐτύχησε βαλών, ὑπέλυσε δὲ γυῖα·\nὣς ἐπὶ σοὶ Μελάνιππε θόρʼ Ἀντίλοχος μενεχάρμης\nτεύχεα συλήσων· ἀλλʼ οὐ λάθεν Ἕκτορα δῖον,\nὅς ῥά οἱ ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων ἀνὰ δηϊοτῆτα.\nἈντίλοχος δʼ οὐ μεῖνε θοός περ ἐὼν πολεμιστής,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἔτρεσε θηρὶ κακὸν ῥέξαντι ἐοικώς,\nὅς τε κύνα κτείνας ἢ βουκόλον ἀμφὶ βόεσσι\nφεύγει πρίν περ ὅμιλον ἀολλισθήμεναι ἀνδρῶν·\nὣς τρέσε Νεστορίδης, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶές τε καὶ Ἕκτωρ\nἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ βέλεα στονόεντα χέοντο·\nστῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθείς, ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων.", "en": "He hurried away when he had thus spurred Antilochus, who at once darted out from the front ranks and aimed a spear, after looking carefully round him. The Trojans fell back as he threw, and the dart did not speed from his hand without effect, for it struck Melanippus the proud son of Hiketaon in the breast by the nipple as he was coming forward, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. Antilochus sprang upon him as a dog springs on a fawn which a hunter has hit as it was breaking away from its covert, and killed it. Even so, O Melanippus, did stalwart Antilochus spring upon you to strip you of your armour; but noble Hector marked him, and came running up to him through the thick of the battle. Antilochus, brave soldier though he was, would not stay to face him, but fled like some savage creature which knows it has done wrong, and flies, when it has killed a dog or a man who is herding his cattle, before a body of men can be gathered to attack it. Even so did the son of Nestor fly, and the Trojans and Hector with a cry that rent the air showered their weapons after him; nor did he turn round and stay his flight till he had reached his comrades." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.592–609", "orig": "Τρῶες δὲ λείουσιν ἐοικότες ὠμοφάγοισι\nνηυσὶν ἐπεσσεύοντο, Διὸς δʼ ἐτέλειον ἐφετμάς,\nὅ σφισιν αἰὲν ἔγειρε μένος μέγα, θέλγε δὲ θυμὸν\nἈργείων καὶ κῦδος ἀπαίνυτο, τοὺς δʼ ὀρόθυνεν.\nἝκτορι γάρ οἱ θυμὸς ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι\nΠριαμίδῃ, ἵνα νηυσὶ κορωνίσι θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ\nἐμβάλοι ἀκάματον, Θέτιδος δʼ ἐξαίσιον ἀρὴν\nπᾶσαν ἐπικρήνειε· τὸ γὰρ μένε μητίετα Ζεὺς\nνηὸς καιομένης σέλας ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι.\nἐκ γὰρ δὴ τοῦ μέλλε παλίωξιν παρὰ νηῶν\nθησέμεναι Τρώων, Δαναοῖσι δὲ κῦδος ὀρέξειν.\nτὰ φρονέων νήεσσιν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἔγειρεν\nἝκτορα Πριαμίδην μάλα περ μεμαῶτα καὶ αὐτόν.\nμαίνετο δʼ ὡς ὅτʼ Ἄρης ἐγχέσπαλος ἢ ὀλοὸν πῦρ\nοὔρεσι μαίνηται βαθέης ἐν τάρφεσιν ὕλης·\nἀφλοισμὸς δὲ περὶ στόμα γίγνετο, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε\nλαμπέσθην βλοσυρῇσιν ὑπʼ ὀφρύσιν, ἀμφὶ δὲ πήληξ\nσμερδαλέον κροτάφοισι τινάσσετο μαρναμένοιο", "en": "The Trojans, fierce as lions, were still rushing on towards the ships in fulfilment of the behests of Jove who kept spurring them on to new deeds of daring, while he deadened the courage of the Argives and defeated them by encouraging the Trojans. For he meant giving glory to Hector son of Priam, and letting him throw fire upon the ships, till he had fulfilled the unrighteous prayer that Thetis had made him; Jove, therefore, bided his time till he should see the glare of a blazing ship. From that hour he was about so to order that the Trojans should be driven back from the ships and to vouchsafe glory to the Achaeans. With this purpose he inspired Hector son of Priam, who was eager enough already, to assail the ships. His fury was as that of Mars, or as when a fire is raging in the glades of some dense forest upon the mountains; he foamed at the mouth, his eyes glared under his terrible eyebrows, and his helmet quivered on his temples by reason of the fury with which he fought." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.610–628", "orig": "Ἕκτορος· αὐτὸς γάρ οἱ ἀπʼ αἰθέρος ἦεν ἀμύντωρ\nΖεύς, ὅς μιν πλεόνεσσι μετʼ ἀνδράσι μοῦνον ἐόντα\nτίμα καὶ κύδαινε. μινυνθάδιος γὰρ ἔμελλεν\nἔσσεσθʼ· ἤδη γάρ οἱ ἐπόρνυε μόρσιμον ἦμαρ\nΠαλλὰς Ἀθηναίη ὑπὸ Πηλεΐδαο βίηφιν.\nκαί ῥʼ ἔθελεν ῥῆξαι στίχας ἀνδρῶν πειρητίζων,\nᾗ δὴ πλεῖστον ὅμιλον ὅρα καὶ τεύχεʼ ἄριστα·\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς δύνατο ῥῆξαι μάλα περ μενεαίνων·\nἴσχον γὰρ πυργηδὸν ἀρηρότες, ἠΰτε πέτρη\nἠλίβατος μεγάλη πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐγγὺς ἐοῦσα,\nἥ τε μένει λιγέων ἀνέμων λαιψηρὰ κέλευθα\nκύματά τε τροφόεντα, τά τε προσερεύγεται αὐτήν·\nὣς Δαναοὶ Τρῶας μένον ἔμπεδον οὐδὲ φέβοντο.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ λαμπόμενος πυρὶ πάντοθεν ἔνθορʼ ὁμίλῳ,\nἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ ὡς ὅτε κῦμα θοῇ ἐν νηῒ πέσῃσι\nλάβρον ὑπαὶ νεφέων ἀνεμοτρεφές· ἣ δέ τε πᾶσα\nἄχνῃ ὑπεκρύφθη, ἀνέμοιο δὲ δεινὸς ἀήτη\nἱστίῳ ἐμβρέμεται, τρομέουσι δέ τε φρένα ναῦται\nδειδιότες· τυτθὸν γὰρ ὑπʼ ἐκ θανάτοιο φέρονται·", "en": "Jove from heaven was with him, and though he was but one against many, vouchsafed him victory and glory; for he was doomed to an early death, and already Pallas Minerva was hurrying on the hour of his destruction at the hands of the son of Peleus. Now, however, he kept trying to break the ranks of the enemy wherever he could see them thickest, and in the goodliest armour; but do what he might he could not break through them, for they stood as a tower foursquare, or as some high cliff rising from the grey sea that braves the anger of the gale, and of the waves that thunder up against it. He fell upon them like flames of fire from every quarter. As when a wave, raised mountain high by wind and storm, breaks over a ship and covers it deep in foam, the fierce winds roar against the mast, the hearts of the sailors fail them for fear, and they are saved but by a very little from destruction, even so were the hearts of the Achaeans fainting within them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.629–644", "orig": "ὣς ἐδαΐζετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν.\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὥς τε λέων ὀλοόφρων βουσὶν ἐπελθών,\nαἵ ῥά τʼ ἐν εἱαμενῇ ἕλεος μεγάλοιο νέμονται\nμυρίαι, ἐν δέ τε τῇσι νομεὺς οὔ πω σάφα εἰδὼς\nθηρὶ μαχέσσασθαι ἕλικος βοὸς ἀμφὶ φονῇσιν·\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν πρώτῃσι καὶ ὑστατίῃσι βόεσσιν\nαἰὲν ὁμοστιχάει, ὃ δέ τʼ ἐν μέσσῃσιν ὀρούσας\nβοῦν ἔδει, αἳ δέ τε πᾶσαι ὑπέτρεσαν· ὣς τότʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nθεσπεσίως ἐφόβηθεν ὑφʼ Ἕκτορι καὶ Διὶ πατρὶ\nπάντες, ὃ δʼ οἶον ἔπεφνε Μυκηναῖον Περιφήτην,\nΚοπρῆος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς Εὐρυσθῆος ἄνακτος\nἀγγελίης οἴχνεσκε βίῃ Ἡρακληείῃ.\nτοῦ γένετʼ ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων\nπαντοίας ἀρετάς, ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι,\nκαὶ νόον ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων ἐτέτυκτο·\nὅς ῥα τόθʼ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὑπέρτερον ἐγγυάλιξε.", "en": "Or as a savage lion attacking a herd of cows while they are feeding by thousands in the low-lying meadows by some wide-watered shore, the herdsman is at his wit’s end how to protect his herd and keeps going about now in the van and now in the rear of his cattle, while the lion springs into the thick of them and fastens on a cow so that they all tremble for fear, even so were the Achaeans utterly panic-stricken by Hector and father Jove. Nevertheless Hector only killed Periphetes of Mycenae; he was son of Copreus who was wont to take the orders of King Eurystheus to mighty Hercules, but the son was a far better man than the father in every way; he was fleet of foot, a valiant warrior, and in understanding ranked among the foremost men of Mycenae." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.645–660", "orig": "στρεφθεὶς γὰρ μετόπισθεν ἐν ἀσπίδος ἄντυγι πάλτο,\nτὴν αὐτὸς φορέεσκε ποδηνεκέʼ ἕρκος ἀκόντων·\nτῇ ὅ γʼ ἐνὶ βλαφθεὶς πέσεν ὕπτιος, ἀμφὶ δὲ πήληξ\nσμερδαλέον κονάβησε περὶ κροτάφοισι πεσόντος.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὀξὺ νόησε, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη,\nστήθεϊ δʼ ἐν δόρυ πῆξε, φίλων δέ μιν ἐγγὺς ἑταίρων\nκτεῖνʼ· οἳ δʼ οὐκ ἐδύναντο καὶ ἀχνύμενοί περ ἑταίρου\nχραισμεῖν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ μάλα δείδισαν Ἕκτορα δῖον.\nεἰσωποὶ δʼ ἐγένοντο νεῶν, περὶ δʼ ἔσχεθον ἄκραι\nνῆες ὅσαι πρῶται εἰρύατο· τοὶ δʼ ἐπέχυντο.\nἈργεῖοι δὲ νεῶν μὲν ἐχώρησαν καὶ ἀνάγκῃ\nτῶν πρωτέων, αὐτοῦ δὲ παρὰ κλισίῃσιν ἔμειναν\nἁθρόοι, οὐδὲ κέδασθεν ἀνὰ στρατόν· ἴσχε γὰρ αἰδὼς\nκαὶ δέος· ἀζηχὲς γὰρ ὁμόκλεον ἀλλήλοισι.\nΝέστωρ αὖτε μάλιστα Γερήνιος οὖρος Ἀχαιῶν\nλίσσεθʼ ὑπὲρ τοκέων γουνούμενος ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·", "en": "He it was who then afforded Hector a triumph, for as he was turning back he stumbled against the rim of his shield which reached his feet, and served to keep the javelins off him. He tripped against this and fell face upward, his helmet ringing loudly about his head as he did so. Hector saw him fall and ran up to him; he then thrust a spear into his chest, and killed him close to his own comrades. These, for all their sorrow, could not help him for they were themselves terribly afraid of Hector.\nThey had now reached the ships and the prows of those that had been drawn up first were on every side of them, but the Trojans came pouring after them. The Argives were driven back from the first row of ships, but they made a stand by their tents without being broken up and scattered; shame and fear restrained them. They kept shouting incessantly to one another, and Nestor of Gerene, tower of strength to the Achaeans, was loudest in imploring every man by his parents, and beseeching him to stand firm." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.661–673", "orig": "ὦ φίλοι ἀνέρες ἔστε καὶ αἰδῶ θέσθʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ\nἄλλων ἀνθρώπων, ἐπὶ δὲ μνήσασθε ἕκαστος\nπαίδων ἠδʼ ἀλόχων καὶ κτήσιος ἠδὲ τοκήων,\nἠμὲν ὅτεῳ ζώουσι καὶ ᾧ κατατεθνήκασι·\nτῶν ὕπερ ἐνθάδʼ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων\nἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς, μὴ δὲ τρωπᾶσθε φόβον δέ.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nτοῖσι δʼ ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν νέφος ἀχλύος ὦσεν Ἀθήνη\nθεσπέσιον· μάλα δέ σφι φόως γένετʼ ἀμφοτέρωθεν\nἠμὲν πρὸς νηῶν καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο.\nἝκτορα δὲ φράσσαντο βοὴν ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἑταίρους,\nἠμὲν ὅσοι μετόπισθεν ἀφέστασαν οὐδὲ μάχοντο,\nἠδʼ ὅσσοι παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχην ἐμάχοντο θοῇσιν.", "en": "“Be men, my friends,” he cried, “and respect one another’s good opinion. Think, all of you, on your children, your wives, your property, and your parents whether these be alive or dead. On their behalf though they are not here, I implore you to stand firm, and not to turn in flight.”\nWith these words he put heart and soul into them all. Minerva lifted the thick veil of darkness from their eyes, and much light fell upon them, alike on the side of the ships and on that where the fight was raging. They could see Hector and all his men, both those in the rear who were taking no part in the battle, and those who were fighting by the ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.674–695", "orig": "οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ Αἴαντι μεγαλήτορι ἥνδανε θυμῷ\nἑστάμεν ἔνθά περ ἄλλοι ἀφέστασαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε νηῶν ἴκριʼ ἐπῴχετο μακρὰ βιβάσθων,\nνώμα δὲ ξυστὸν μέγα ναύμαχον ἐν παλάμῃσι\nκολλητὸν βλήτροισι δυωκαιεικοσίπηχυ.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ἵπποισι κελητίζειν ἐῢ εἰδώς,\nὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἐκ πολέων πίσυρας συναείρεται ἵππους,\nσεύας ἐκ πεδίοιο μέγα προτὶ ἄστυ δίηται\nλαοφόρον καθʼ ὁδόν· πολέες τέ ἑ θηήσαντο\nἀνέρες ἠδὲ γυναῖκες· ὃ δʼ ἔμπεδον ἀσφαλὲς αἰεὶ\nθρῴσκων ἄλλοτʼ ἐπʼ ἄλλον ἀμείβεται, οἳ δὲ πέτονται·\nὣς Αἴας ἐπὶ πολλὰ θοάων ἴκρια νηῶν\nφοίτα μακρὰ βιβάς, φωνὴ δέ οἱ αἰθέρʼ ἵκανεν,\nαἰεὶ δὲ σμερδνὸν βοόων Δαναοῖσι κέλευε\nνηυσί τε καὶ κλισίῃσιν ἀμυνέμεν. οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ\nμίμνεν ἐνὶ Τρώων ὁμάδῳ πύκα θωρηκτάων·\nἀλλʼ ὥς τʼ ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν αἰετὸς αἴθων\nἔθνος ἐφορμᾶται ποταμὸν πάρα βοσκομενάων\nχηνῶν ἢ γεράνων ἢ κύκνων δουλιχοδείρων,\nὣς Ἕκτωρ ἴθυσε νεὸς κυανοπρῴροιο\nἀντίος ἀΐξας· τὸν δὲ Ζεὺς ὦσεν ὄπισθε\nχειρὶ μάλα μεγάλῃ, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅμʼ αὐτῷ.", "en": "Ajax could not bring himself to retreat along with the rest, but strode from deck to deck with a great sea-pike in his hands twelve cubits long and jointed with rings. As a man skilled in feats of horsemanship couples four horses together and comes tearing full speed along the public way from the country into some large town, many both men and women marvel as they see him for he keeps all the time changing his horse, springing from one to another without ever missing his feet while the horses are at a gallop, even so did Ajax go striding from one ship’s deck to another, and his voice went up into the heavens. He kept on shouting his orders to the Danaans and exhorting them to defend their ships and tents; neither did Hector remain within the main body of the Trojan warriors, but as a dun eagle swoops down upon a flock of wild-fowl feeding near a river, geese, it may be, or cranes, or long-necked swans, even so did Hector make straight for a dark-prowed ship, rushing right towards it; for Jove with his mighty hand impelled him forward, and roused his people to follow him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.696–712", "orig": "αὖτις δὲ δριμεῖα μάχη παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτύχθη·\nφαίης κʼ ἀκμῆτας καὶ ἀτειρέας ἀλλήλοισιν\nἄντεσθʼ ἐν πολέμῳ, ὡς ἐσσυμένως ἐμάχοντο.\nτοῖσι δὲ μαρναμένοισιν ὅδʼ ἦν νόος· ἤτοι Ἀχαιοὶ\nοὐκ ἔφασαν φεύξεσθαι ὑπʼ ἐκ κακοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὀλέεσθαι,\nΤρωσὶν δʼ ἔλπετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἑκάστου\nνῆας ἐνιπρήσειν κτενέειν θʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.\nοἳ μὲν τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν·\nἝκτωρ δὲ πρυμνῆς νεὸς ἥψατο ποντοπόροιο\nκαλῆς ὠκυάλου, ἣ Πρωτεσίλαον ἔνεικεν\nἐς Τροίην, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἀπήγαγε πατρίδα γαῖαν.\nτοῦ περ δὴ περὶ νηὸς Ἀχαιοί τε Τρῶές τε\nδῄουν ἀλλήλους αὐτοσχεδόν· οὐδʼ ἄρα τοί γε\nτόξων ἀϊκὰς ἀμφὶς μένον οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀκόντων,\nἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενοι ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες\nὀξέσι δὴ πελέκεσσι καὶ ἀξίνῃσι μάχοντο\nκαὶ ξίφεσιν μεγάλοισι καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι.", "en": "And now the battle again raged furiously at the ships. You would have thought the men were coming on fresh and unwearied, so fiercely did they fight; and this was the mind in which they were, the Achaeans did not believe they should escape destruction but thought themselves doomed, while there was not a Trojan but his heart beat high with the hope of firing the ships and putting the Achaean heroes to the sword.\nThus were the two sides minded. Then Hector seized the stern of the good ship that had brought Protesilaus to Troy, but never bore him back to his native land. Round this ship there raged a close hand-to-hand fight between Danaans and Trojans. They did not fight at a distance with bows and javelins, but with one mind hacked at one another in close combat with their mighty swords and spears pointed at both ends; they fought moreover with keen battle-axes and with hatchets." }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.713–725", "orig": "πολλὰ δὲ φάσγανα καλὰ μελάνδετα κωπήεντα\nἄλλα μὲν ἐκ χειρῶν χαμάδις πέσον, ἄλλα δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων\nἀνδρῶν μαρναμένων· ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα μέλαινα.\nἝκτωρ δὲ πρύμνηθεν ἐπεὶ λάβεν οὐχὶ μεθίει\nἄφλαστον μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων, Τρωσὶν δὲ κέλευεν·\nοἴσετε πῦρ, ἅμα δʼ αὐτοὶ ἀολλέες ὄρνυτʼ ἀϋτήν·\nνῦν ἡμῖν πάντων Ζεὺς ἄξιον ἦμαρ ἔδωκε\nνῆας ἑλεῖν, αἳ δεῦρο θεῶν ἀέκητι μολοῦσαι\nἡμῖν πήματα πολλὰ θέσαν, κακότητι γερόντων,\nοἵ μʼ ἐθέλοντα μάχεσθαι ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν\nαὐτόν τʼ ἰσχανάασκον ἐρητύοντό τε λαόν·\nἀλλʼ εἰ δή ῥα τότε βλάπτε φρένας εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nἡμετέρας, νῦν αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει.", "en": "Many a good stout blade hilted and scabbarded with iron, fell from hand or shoulder as they fought, and the earth ran red with blood. Hector, when he had seized the ship, would not loose his hold but held on to its curved stern and shouted to the Trojans, “Bring fire, and raise the battle-cry all of you with a single voice. Now has Jove vouchsafed us a day that will pay us for all the rest; this day we shall take the ships which came hither against heaven’s will, and which have caused us such infinite suffering through the cowardice of our councillors, who when I would have done battle at the ships held me back and forbade the host to follow me; if Jove did then indeed warp our judgements, himself now commands me and cheers me on.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 15.726–746", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα μᾶλλον ἐπʼ Ἀργείοισιν ὄρουσαν.\nΑἴας δʼ οὐκέτʼ ἔμιμνε· βιάζετο γὰρ βελέεσσιν·\nἀλλʼ ἀνεχάζετο τυτθόν, ὀϊόμενος θανέεσθαι\nθρῆνυν ἐφʼ ἑπταπόδην, λίπε δʼ ἴκρια νηὸς ἐΐσης.\nἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἑστήκει δεδοκημένος, ἔγχεϊ δʼ αἰεὶ\nΤρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν, ὅς τις φέροι ἀκάματον πῦρ·\nαἰεὶ δὲ σμερδνὸν βοόων Δαναοῖσι κέλευε·\nὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος\nἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.\nἠέ τινάς φαμεν εἶναι ἀοσσητῆρας ὀπίσσω,\nἦέ τι τεῖχος ἄρειον, ὅ κʼ ἀνδράσι λοιγὸν ἀμύναι;\nοὐ μέν τι σχεδόν ἐστι πόλις πύργοις ἀραρυῖα,\nᾗ κʼ ἀπαμυναίμεσθʼ ἑτεραλκέα δῆμον ἔχοντες·\nἀλλʼ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ πύκα θωρηκτάων\nπόντῳ κεκλιμένοι ἑκὰς ἥμεθα πατρίδος αἴης·\nτὼ ἐν χερσὶ φόως, οὐ μειλιχίῃ πολέμοιο.\nἦ, καὶ μαιμώων ἔφεπʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι.\nὅς τις δὲ Τρώων κοίλῃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ φέροιτο\nσὺν πυρὶ κηλείῳ, χάριν Ἕκτορος ὀτρύναντος,\nτὸν δʼ Αἴας οὔτασκε δεδεγμένος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ·\nδώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε νεῶν αὐτοσχεδὸν οὖτα.", "en": "As he spoke thus the Trojans sprang yet more fiercely on the Achaeans, and Ajax no longer held his ground, for he was overcome by the darts that were flung at him, and made sure that he was doomed. Therefore he left the raised deck at the stern, and stepped back on to the seven-foot bench of the oarsmen. Here he stood on the look-out, and with his spear held back any Trojan whom he saw bringing fire to the ships. All the time he kept on shouting at the top of his voice and exhorting the Danaans. “My friends,” he cried, “Danaan heroes, servants of Mars, be men my friends, and fight with might and with main. Can we hope to find helpers hereafter, or a wall to shield us more surely than the one we have? There is no strong city within reach, whence we may draw fresh forces to turn the scales in our favour. We are on the plain of the armed Trojans with the sea behind us, and far from our own country. Our salvation, therefore, is in the might of our hands and in hard fighting.”\nAs he spoke he wielded his spear with still greater fury, and when any Trojan made towards the ships with fire at Hector’s bidding, he would be on the look-out for him, and drive at him with his long spear. Twelve men did he thus kill in hand-to-hand fight before the ships." } ], "16": [ { "ref": "Iliad 16.1–19", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν περὶ νηὸς ἐϋσσέλμοιο μάχοντο·\nΠάτροκλος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν\nδάκρυα θερμὰ χέων ὥς τε κρήνη μελάνυδρος,\nἥ τε κατʼ αἰγίλιπος πέτρης δνοφερὸν χέει ὕδωρ.\nτὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ᾤκτιρε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nτίπτε δεδάκρυσαι Πατρόκλεες, ἠΰτε κούρη\nνηπίη, ἥ θʼ ἅμα μητρὶ θέουσʼ ἀνελέσθαι ἀνώγει\nεἱανοῦ ἁπτομένη, καί τʼ ἐσσυμένην κατερύκει,\nδακρυόεσσα δέ μιν ποτιδέρκεται, ὄφρʼ ἀνέληται·\nτῇ ἴκελος Πάτροκλε τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυον εἴβεις.\nἠέ τι Μυρμιδόνεσσι πιφαύσκεαι, ἢ ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ,\nἦέ τινʼ ἀγγελίην Φθίης ἐξέκλυες οἶος;\nζώειν μὰν ἔτι φασὶ Μενοίτιον Ἄκτορος υἱόν,\nζώει δʼ Αἰακίδης Πηλεὺς μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι;\nτῶν κε μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἀκαχοίμεθα τεθνηώτων.\nἦε σύ γʼ Ἀργείων ὀλοφύρεαι, ὡς ὀλέκονται\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ὑπερβασίης ἕνεκα σφῆς;\nἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε νόῳ, ἵνα εἴδομεν ἄμφω.", "en": "Thus did they fight about the ship of Protesilaus. Then Patroclus drew near to Achilles with tears welling from his eyes, as from some spring whose crystal stream falls over the ledges of a high precipice. When Achilles saw him thus weeping he was sorry for him and said, “Why, Patroclus, do you stand there weeping like some silly child that comes running to her mother, and begs to be taken up and carried, she catches hold of her mother’s dress to stay her though she is in a hurry, and looks tearfully up until her mother carries her, even such tears, Patroclus, are you now shedding. Have you anything to say to the Myrmidons or to myself? or have you had news from Phthia which you alone know? They tell me Menoetius son of Actor is still alive, as also Peleus son of Aeacus, among the Myrmidons, men whose loss we two should bitterly deplore; or are you grieving about the Argives and the way in which they are being killed at the ships, through their own high-handed doings? Do not hide anything from me but tell me that both of us may know about it.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.20–35", "orig": "τὸν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ·\nὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν\nμὴ νεμέσα· τοῖον γὰρ ἄχος βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς.\nοἳ μὲν γὰρ δὴ πάντες, ὅσοι πάρος ἦσαν ἄριστοι,\nἐν νηυσὶν κέαται βεβλημένοι οὐτάμενοί τε.\nβέβληται μὲν ὃ Τυδεΐδης κρατερὸς Διομήδης,\nοὔτασται δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἠδʼ Ἀγαμέμνων,\nβέβληται δὲ καὶ Εὐρύπυλος κατὰ μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ.\nτοὺς μέν τʼ ἰητροὶ πολυφάρμακοι ἀμφιπένονται\nἕλκεʼ ἀκειόμενοι· σὺ δʼ ἀμήχανος ἔπλευ Ἀχιλλεῦ.\nμὴ ἐμέ γʼ οὖν οὗτός γε λάβοι χόλος, ὃν σὺ φυλάσσεις\nαἰναρέτη· τί σευ ἄλλος ὀνήσεται ὀψίγονός περ\nαἴ κε μὴ Ἀργείοισιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς;\nνηλεές, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γε πατὴρ ἦν ἱππότα Πηλεύς,\nοὐδὲ Θέτις μήτηρ· γλαυκὴ δέ σε τίκτε θάλασσα\nπέτραι τʼ ἠλίβατοι, ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής.", "en": "Then, O knight Patroclus, with a deep sigh you answered, “Achilles, son of Peleus, foremost champion of the Achaeans, do not be angry, but I weep for the disaster that has now befallen the Argives. All those who have been their champions so far are lying at the ships, wounded by sword or spear. Brave Diomed son of Tydeus has been hit with a spear, while famed Ulysses and Agamemnon have received sword-wounds; Eurypylus again has been struck with an arrow in the thigh; skilled apothecaries are attending to these heroes, and healing them of their wounds; are you still, O Achilles, so inexorable? May it never be my lot to nurse such a passion as you have done, to the baning of your own good name. Who in future story will speak well of you unless you now save the Argives from ruin? You know no pity; knight Peleus was not your father nor Thetis your mother, but the grey sea bore you and the sheer cliffs begot you, so cruel and remorseless are you." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.36–55", "orig": "εἰ δέ τινα φρεσὶ σῇσι θεοπροπίην ἀλεείνεις\nκαί τινά τοι πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ,\nἀλλʼ ἐμέ περ πρόες ὦχʼ, ἃμα δʼ ἄλλον λαὸν ὄπασσον\nΜυρμιδόνων, ἤν πού τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένωμαι.\nδὸς δέ μοι ὤμοιιν τὰ σὰ τεύχεα θωρηχθῆναι,\nαἴ κʼ ἐμὲ σοὶ ἴσκοντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο\nΤρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ Ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nτειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο.\nῥεῖα δέ κʼ ἀκμῆτες κεκμηότας ἄνδρας ἀϋτῇ\nὤσαιμεν προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.\nὣς φάτο λισσόμενος μέγα νήπιος· ἦ γὰρ ἔμελλεν\nοἷ αὐτῷ θάνατόν τε κακὸν καὶ κῆρα λιτέσθαι.\nτὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nὤ μοι διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες οἷον ἔειπες·\nοὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπάζομαι ἥν τινα οἶδα,\nοὔτέ τί μοι πὰρ Ζηνὸς ἐπέφραδε πότνια μήτηρ·\nἀλλὰ τόδʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει,\nὁππότε δὴ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἀνὴρ ἐθέλῃσιν ἀμέρσαι\nκαὶ γέρας ἂψ ἀφελέσθαι, ὅ τε κράτεϊ προβεβήκῃ·\nαἰνὸν ἄχος τό μοί ἐστιν, ἐπεὶ πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ.", "en": "If however you are kept back through knowledge of some oracle, or if your mother Thetis has told you something from the mouth of Jove, at least send me and the Myrmidons with me, if I may bring deliverance to the Danaans. Let me moreover wear your armour; the Trojans may thus mistake me for you and quit the field, so that the hard-pressed sons of the Achaeans may have breathing time, which while they are fighting may hardly be. We who are fresh might soon drive tired men back from our ships and tents to their own city.”\nHe knew not what he was asking, nor that he was suing for his own destruction. Achilles was deeply moved and answered, “What, noble Patroclus, are you saying? I know no prophesyings which I am heeding, nor has my mother told me anything from the mouth of Jove, but I am cut to the very heart that one of my own rank should dare to rob me because he is more powerful than I am. This, after all that I have gone through, is more than I can endure." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.56–75", "orig": "κούρην ἣν ἄρα μοι γέρας ἔξελον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,\nδουρὶ δʼ ἐμῷ κτεάτισσα πόλιν εὐτείχεα πέρσας,\nτὴν ἂψ ἐκ χειρῶν ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἈτρεΐδης ὡς εἴ τινʼ ἀτίμητον μετανάστην.\nἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν· οὐδʼ ἄρα πως ἦν\nἀσπερχὲς κεχολῶσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσίν· ἤτοι ἔφην γε\nοὐ πρὶν μηνιθμὸν καταπαυσέμεν, ἀλλʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν δὴ\nνῆας ἐμὰς ἀφίκηται ἀϋτή τε πτόλεμός τε.\nτύνη δʼ ὤμοιιν μὲν ἐμὰ κλυτὰ τεύχεα δῦθι,\nἄρχε δὲ Μυρμιδόνεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισι μάχεσθαι,\nεἰ δὴ κυάνεον Τρώων νέφος ἀμφιβέβηκε\nνηυσὶν ἐπικρατέως, οἳ δὲ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης\nκεκλίαται, χώρης ὀλίγην ἔτι μοῖραν ἔχοντες\nἈργεῖοι, Τρώων δὲ πόλις ἐπὶ πᾶσα βέβηκε\nθάρσυνος· οὐ γὰρ ἐμῆς κόρυθος λεύσσουσι μέτωπον\nἐγγύθι λαμπομένης· τάχα κεν φεύγοντες ἐναύλους\nπλήσειαν νεκύων, εἴ μοι κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἤπια εἰδείη· νῦν δὲ στρατὸν ἀμφιμάχονται.\nοὐ γὰρ Τυδεΐδεω Διομήδεος ἐν παλάμῃσι\nμαίνεται ἐγχείη Δαναῶν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι·", "en": "The girl whom the sons of the Achaeans chose for me, whom I won as the fruit of my spear on having sacked a city, her has King Agamemnon taken from me as though I were some common vagrant. Still, let bygones be bygones: no man may keep his anger for ever; I said I would not relent till battle and the cry of war had reached my own ships; nevertheless, now gird my armour about your shoulders, and lead the Myrmidons to battle, for the dark cloud of Trojans has burst furiously over our fleet; the Argives are driven back on to the beach, cooped within a narrow space, and the whole people of Troy has taken heart to sally out against them, because they see not the visor of my helmet gleaming near them. Had they seen this, there would not have been a creek nor grip that had not been filled with their dead as they fled back again. And so it would have been, if only King Agamemnon had dealt fairly by me. As it is the Trojans have beset our host." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.76–94", "orig": "οὐδέ πω Ἀτρεΐδεω ὀπὸς ἔκλυον αὐδήσαντος\nἐχθρῆς ἐκ κεφαλῆς· ἀλλʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο\nΤρωσὶ κελεύοντος περιάγνυται, οἳ δʼ ἀλαλητῷ\nπᾶν πεδίον κατέχουσι μάχῃ νικῶντες Ἀχαιούς.\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Πάτροκλε νεῶν ἄπο λοιγὸν ἀμύνων\nἔμπεσʼ ἐπικρατέως, μὴ δὴ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο\nνῆας ἐνιπρήσωσι, φίλον δʼ ἀπὸ νόστον ἕλωνται.\nπείθεο δʼ ὥς τοι ἐγὼ μύθου τέλος ἐν φρεσὶ θείω,\nὡς ἄν μοι τιμὴν μεγάλην καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι\nπρὸς πάντων Δαναῶν, ἀτὰρ οἳ περικαλλέα κούρην\nἂψ ἀπονάσσωσιν, ποτὶ δʼ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα πόρωσιν.\nἐκ νηῶν ἐλάσας ἰέναι πάλιν· εἰ δέ κεν αὖ τοι\nδώῃ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι ἐρίγδουπος πόσις Ἥρης,\nμὴ σύ γʼ ἄνευθεν ἐμεῖο λιλαίεσθαι πολεμίζειν\nΤρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισιν· ἀτιμότερον δέ με θήσεις·\nμὴ δʼ ἐπαγαλλόμενος πολέμῳ καὶ δηϊοτῆτι\nΤρῶας ἐναιρόμενος προτὶ Ἴλιον ἡγεμονεύειν,\nμή τις ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο θεῶν αἰειγενετάων\nἐμβήῃ· μάλα τούς γε φιλεῖ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·", "en": "Diomed son of Tydeus no longer wields his spear to defend the Danaans, neither have I heard the voice of the son of Atreus coming from his hated head, whereas that of murderous Hector rings in my cars as he gives orders to the Trojans, who triumph over the Achaeans and fill the whole plain with their cry of battle. But even so, Patroclus, fall upon them and save the fleet, lest the Trojans fire it and prevent us from being able to return. Do, however, as I now bid you, that you may win me great honour from all the Danaans, and that they may restore the girl to me again and give me rich gifts into the bargain. When you have driven the Trojans from the ships, come back again. Though Juno’s thundering husband should put triumph within your reach, do not fight the Trojans further in my absence, or you will rob me of glory that should be mine. And do not for lust of battle go on killing the Trojans nor lead the Achaeans on to Ilius, lest one of the ever-living gods from Olympus attack you, for Phoebus Apollo loves them well: return when you have freed the ships from peril, and let others wage war upon the plain." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.95–111", "orig": "ἀλλὰ πάλιν τρωπᾶσθαι, ἐπὴν φάος ἐν νήεσσι\nθήῃς, τοὺς δʼ ἔτʼ ἐᾶν πεδίον κάτα δηριάασθαι.\nαἲ γὰρ Ζεῦ τε πάτερ καὶ Ἀθηναίη καὶ Ἄπολλον\nμήτέ τις οὖν Τρώων θάνατον φύγοι ὅσσοι ἔασι,\nμήτέ τις Ἀργείων, νῶϊν δʼ ἐκδῦμεν ὄλεθρον,\nὄφρʼ οἶοι Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα λύωμεν.\nὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον,\nΑἴας δʼ οὐκ ἔτʼ ἔμιμνε· βιάζετο γὰρ βελέεσσι·\nδάμνα μιν Ζηνός τε νόος καὶ Τρῶες ἀγαυοὶ\nβάλλοντες· δεινὴν δὲ περὶ κροτάφοισι φαεινὴ\nπήληξ βαλλομένη καναχὴν ἔχε, βάλλετο δʼ αἰεὶ\nκὰπ φάλαρʼ εὐποίηθʼ· ὃ δʼ ἀριστερὸν ὦμον ἔκαμνεν\nἔμπεδον αἰὲν ἔχων σάκος αἰόλον· οὐδὲ δύναντο\nἀμφʼ αὐτῷ πελεμίξαι ἐρείδοντες βελέεσσιν.\nαἰεὶ δʼ ἀργαλέῳ ἔχετʼ ἄσθματι, κὰδ δέ οἱ ἱδρὼς\nπάντοθεν ἐκ μελέων πολὺς ἔρρεεν, οὐδέ πῃ εἶχεν\nἀμπνεῦσαι· πάντῃ δὲ κακὸν κακῷ ἐστήρικτο.", "en": "Would, by father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that not a single man of all the Trojans might be left alive, nor yet of the Argives, but that we two might be alone left to tear aside the mantle that veils the brow of Troy.”\nThus did they converse. But Ajax could no longer hold his ground for the shower of darts that rained upon him; the will of Jove and the javelins of the Trojans were too much for him; the helmet that gleamed about his temples rang with the continuous clatter of the missiles that kept pouring on to it and on to the cheek-pieces that protected his face. Moreover his left shoulder was tired with having held his shield so long, yet for all this, let fly at him as they would, they could not make him give ground. He could hardly draw his breath, the sweat rained from every pore of his body, he had not a moment’s respite, and on all sides he was beset by danger upon danger." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.112–130", "orig": "ἔσπετε νῦν μοι Μοῦσαι Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχουσαι,\nὅππως δὴ πρῶτον πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.\nἝκτωρ Αἴαντος δόρυ μείλινον ἄγχι παραστὰς\nπλῆξʼ ἄορι μεγάλῳ αἰχμῆς παρὰ καυλὸν ὄπισθεν,\nἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπάραξε· τὸ μὲν Τελαμώνιος Αἴας\nπῆλʼ αὔτως ἐν χειρὶ κόλον δόρυ, τῆλε δʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη χαμάδις βόμβησε πεσοῦσα.\nγνῶ δʼ Αἴας κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονα ῥίγησέν τε\nἔργα θεῶν, ὅ ῥα πάγχυ μάχης ἐπὶ μήδεα κεῖρε\nΖεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης, Τρώεσσι δὲ βούλετο νίκην·\nχάζετο δʼ ἐκ βελέων. τοὶ δʼ ἔμβαλον ἀκάματον πῦρ\nνηῒ θοῇ· τῆς δʼ αἶψα κατʼ ἀσβέστη κέχυτο φλόξ.\nὣς τὴν μὲν πρυμνὴν πῦρ ἄμφεπεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nμηρὼ πληξάμενος Πατροκλῆα προσέειπεν·\nὄρσεο διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε·\nλεύσσω δὴ παρὰ νηυσὶ πυρὸς δηΐοιο ἰωήν·\nμὴ δὴ νῆας ἕλωσι καὶ οὐκέτι φυκτὰ πέλωνται·\nδύσεο τεύχεα θᾶσσον, ἐγὼ δέ κε λαὸν ἀγείρω.\nὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ κορύσσετο νώροπι χαλκῷ.", "en": "And now, tell me, O Muses that hold your mansions on Olympus, how fire was thrown upon the ships of the Achaeans. Hector came close up and let drive with his great sword at the ashen spear of Ajax. He cut it clean in two just behind where the point was fastened on to the shaft of the spear. Ajax, therefore, had now nothing but a headless spear, while the bronze point flew some way off and came ringing down on to the ground. Ajax knew the hand of heaven in this, and was dismayed at seeing that Jove had now left him utterly defenceless and was willing victory for the Trojans. Therefore he drew back, and the Trojans flung fire upon the ship which was at once wrapped in flame.\nThe fire was now flaring about the ship’s stern, whereon Achilles smote his two thighs and said to Patroclus, “Up, noble knight, for I see the glare of hostile fire at our fleet; up, lest they destroy our ships, and there be no way by which we may retreat. Gird on your armour at once while I call our people together.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.131–147", "orig": "κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε\nκαλάς, ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας·\nδεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνε\nποικίλον ἀστερόεντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο.\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον\nχάλκεον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε·\nκρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν\nἵππουριν· δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν.\nεἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμα δοῦρε, τά οἱ παλάμηφιν ἀρήρει.\nἔγχος δʼ οὐχ ἕλετʼ οἶον ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο\nβριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν· τὸ μὲν οὐ δύνατʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν\nπάλλειν, ἀλλά μιν οἶος ἐπίστατο πῆλαι Ἀχιλλεὺς\nΠηλιάδα μελίην, τὴν πατρὶ φίλῳ πόρε Χείρων\nΠηλίου ἐκ κορυφῆς, φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσιν.\nἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδοντα θοῶς ζευγνῦμεν ἄνωγε,\nτὸν μετʼ Ἀχιλλῆα ῥηξήνορα τῖε μάλιστα,\nπιστότατος δέ οἱ ἔσκε μάχῃ ἔνι μεῖναι ὁμοκλήν.", "en": "As he spoke Patroclus put on his armour. First he greaved his legs with greaves of good make, and fitted with ancle-clasps of silver; after this he donned the cuirass of the son of Aeacus, richly inlaid and studded. He hung his silver-studded sword of bronze about his shoulders, and then his mighty shield. On his comely head he set his helmet, well wrought, with a crest of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it. He grasped two redoubtable spears that suited his hands, but he did not take the spear of noble Achilles, so stout and strong, for none other of the Achaeans could wield it, though Achilles could do so easily. This was the ashen spear from Mount Pelion, which Chiron had cut upon a mountain top and had given to Peleus, wherewith to deal out death among heroes. He bade Automedon yoke his horses with all speed, for he was the man whom he held in honour next after Achilles, and on whose support in battle he could rely most firmly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.148–167", "orig": "τῷ δὲ καὶ Αὐτομέδων ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ὠκέας ἵππους\nΞάνθον καὶ Βαλίον, τὼ ἅμα πνοιῇσι πετέσθην,\nτοὺς ἔτεκε Ζεφύρῳ ἀνέμῳ Ἅρπυια Ποδάργη\nβοσκομένη λειμῶνι παρὰ ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο.\nἐν δὲ παρηορίῃσιν ἀμύμονα Πήδασον ἵει,\nτόν ῥά ποτʼ Ἠετίωνος ἑλὼν πόλιν ἤγαγʼ Ἀχιλλεύς,\nὃς καὶ θνητὸς ἐὼν ἕπεθʼ ἵπποις ἀθανάτοισι.\nΜυρμιδόνας δʼ ἄρʼ ἐποιχόμενος θώρηξεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nπάντας ἀνὰ κλισίας σὺν τεύχεσιν· οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς\nὠμοφάγοι, τοῖσίν τε περὶ φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή,\nοἵ τʼ ἔλαφον κεραὸν μέγαν οὔρεσι δῃώσαντες\nδάπτουσιν· πᾶσιν δὲ παρήϊον αἵματι φοινόν·\nκαί τʼ ἀγεληδὸν ἴασιν ἀπὸ κρήνης μελανύδρου\nλάψοντες γλώσσῃσιν ἀραιῇσιν μέλαν ὕδωρ\nἄκρον ἐρευγόμενοι φόνον αἵματος· ἐν δέ τε θυμὸς\nστήθεσιν ἄτρομός ἐστι, περιστένεται δέ τε γαστήρ·\nτοῖοι Μυρμιδόνων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nἀμφʼ ἀγαθὸν θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο\nῥώοντʼ· ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἀρήϊος ἵστατʼ Ἀχιλλεύς,\nὀτρύνων ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀσπιδιώτας.", "en": "Automedon therefore yoked the fleet horses Xanthus and Balius, steeds that could fly like the wind: these were they whom the harpy Podarge bore to the west wind, as she was grazing in a meadow by the waters of the river Oceanus. In the side traces he set the noble horse Pedasus, whom Achilles had brought away with him when he sacked the city of Eetion, and who, mortal steed though he was, could take his place along with those that were immortal.\nMeanwhile Achilles went about everywhere among the tents, and bade his Myrmidons put on their armour. Even as fierce ravening wolves that are feasting upon a homed stag which they have killed upon the mountains, and their jaws are red with blood, they go in a pack to lap water from the clear spring with their long thin tongues; and they reek of blood and slaughter; they know not what fear is, for it is hunger drives them, even so did the leaders and counsellors of the Myrmidons gather round the good squire of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, and among them stood Achilles himself cheering on both men and horses." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.168–183", "orig": "πεντήκοντʼ ἦσαν νῆες θοαί, ᾗσιν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐς Τροίην ἡγεῖτο Διῒ φίλος· ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ\nπεντήκοντʼ ἔσαν ἄνδρες ἐπὶ κληῗσιν ἑταῖροι·\nπέντε δʼ ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνας ποιήσατο τοῖς ἐπεποίθει\nσημαίνειν· αὐτὸς δὲ μέγα κρατέων ἤνασσε.\nτῆς μὲν ἰῆς στιχὸς ἦρχε Μενέσθιος αἰολοθώρηξ\nυἱὸς Σπερχειοῖο διιπετέος ποταμοῖο·\nὃν τέκε Πηλῆος θυγάτηρ καλὴ Πολυδώρη\nΣπερχειῷ ἀκάμαντι γυνὴ θεῷ εὐνηθεῖσα,\nαὐτὰρ ἐπίκλησιν Βώρῳ Περιήρεος υἷι,\nὅς ῥʼ ἀναφανδὸν ὄπυιε πορὼν ἀπερείσια ἕδνα.\nτῆς δʼ ἑτέρης Εὔδωρος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε\nπαρθένιος, τὸν ἔτικτε χορῷ καλὴ Πολυμήλη\nΦύλαντος θυγάτηρ· τῆς δὲ κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης\nἠράσατʼ, ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδὼν μετὰ μελπομένῃσιν\nἐν χορῷ Ἀρτέμιδος χρυσηλακάτου κελαδεινῆς.", "en": "Fifty ships had noble Achilles brought to Troy, and in each there was a crew of fifty oarsmen. Over these he set five captains whom he could trust, while he was himself commander over them all. Menesthius of the gleaming corslet, son to the river Spercheius that streams from heaven, was captain of the first company. Fair Polydora daughter of Peleus bore him to ever-flowing Spercheius, a woman mated with a god, but he was called son of Borus son of Perieres, with whom his mother was living as his wedded wife, and who gave great wealth to gain her. The second company was led by noble Eudorus, son to an unwedded woman. Polymele, daughter of Phylas the graceful dancer, bore him; the mighty slayer of Argos was enamoured of her as he saw her among the singing women at a dance held in honour of Diana the rushing huntress of the golden arrows;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.184–197", "orig": "αὐτίκα δʼ εἰς ὑπερῷʼ ἀναβὰς παρελέξατο λάθρῃ\nἙρμείας ἀκάκητα, πόρεν δέ οἱ ἀγλαὸν υἱὸν\nΕὔδωρον πέρι μὲν θείειν ταχὺν ἠδὲ μαχητήν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τόν γε μογοστόκος Εἰλείθυια\nἐξάγαγε πρὸ φόως δὲ καὶ ἠελίου ἴδεν αὐγάς,\nτὴν μὲν Ἐχεκλῆος κρατερὸν μένος Ἀκτορίδαο\nἠγάγετο πρὸς δώματʼ, ἐπεὶ πόρε μυρία ἕδνα,\nτὸν δʼ ὃ γέρων Φύλας εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλεν\nἀμφαγαπαζόμενος ὡς εἴ θʼ ἑὸν υἱὸν ἐόντα.\nτῆς δὲ τρίτης Πείσανδρος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε\nΜαιμαλίδης, ὃς πᾶσι μετέπρεπε Μυρμιδόνεσσιν\nἔγχεϊ μάρνασθαι μετὰ Πηλεΐωνος ἑταῖρον.\nτῆς δὲ τετάρτης ἦρχε γέρων ἱππηλάτα Φοῖνιξ,\nπέμπτης δʼ Ἀλκιμέδων Λαέρκεος υἱὸς ἀμύμων.", "en": "he therefore, Mercury, giver of all good, went with her into an upper chamber, and lay with her in secret, whereon she bore him a noble son Eudorus, singularly fleet of foot and in fight valiant. When Ilithuia goddess of the pains of childbirth brought him to the light of day, and he saw the face of the sun, mighty Echecles son of Actor took the mother to wife, and gave great wealth to gain her, but her father Phylas brought the child up, and took care of him, doting as fondly upon him as though he were his own son. The third company was led by Pisander son of Maemalus, the finest spearman among all the Myrmidons next to Achilles’ own comrade Patroclus. The old knight Phoenix was captain of the fourth company, and Alcimedon, noble son of Laerceus of the fifth." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.198–217", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντας ἅμʼ ἡγεμόνεσσιν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nστῆσεν ἐῢ κρίνας, κρατερὸν δʼ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε·\nΜυρμιδόνες μή τίς μοι ἀπειλάων λελαθέσθω,\nἃς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἀπειλεῖτε Τρώεσσι\nπάνθʼ ὑπὸ μηνιθμόν, καί μʼ ᾐτιάασθε ἕκαστος·\nσχέτλιε Πηλέος υἱὲ χόλῳ ἄρα σʼ ἔτρεφε μήτηρ,\nνηλεές, ὃς παρὰ νηυσὶν ἔχεις ἀέκοντας ἑταίρους·\nοἴκαδέ περ σὺν νηυσὶ νεώμεθα ποντοπόροισιν\nαὖτις, ἐπεί ῥά τοι ὧδε κακὸς χόλος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.\nταῦτά μʼ ἀγειρόμενοι θάμʼ ἐβάζετε· νῦν δὲ πέφανται\nφυλόπιδος μέγα ἔργον, ἕης τὸ πρίν γʼ ἐράασθε.\nἔνθά τις ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχων Τρώεσσι μαχέσθω.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.\nμᾶλλον δὲ στίχες ἄρθεν, ἐπεὶ βασιλῆος ἄκουσαν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τοῖχον ἀνὴρ ἀράρῃ πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι\nδώματος ὑψηλοῖο βίας ἀνέμων ἀλεείνων,\nὣς ἄραρον κόρυθές τε καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι.\nἀσπὶς ἄρʼ ἀσπίδʼ ἔρειδε, κόρυς κόρυν, ἀνέρα δʼ ἀνήρ·\nψαῦον δʼ ἱππόκομοι κόρυθες λαμπροῖσι φάλοισι\nνευόντων, ὡς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισι.", "en": "When Achilles had chosen his men and had stationed them all with their captains, he charged them straitly saying, “Myrmidons, remember your threats against the Trojans while you were at the ships in the time of my anger, and you were all complaining of me. ‘Cruel son of Peleus,’ you would say, ‘your mother must have suckled you on gall, so ruthless are you. You keep us here at the ships against our will; if you are so relentless it were better we went home over the sea.’ Often have you gathered and thus chided with me. The hour is now come for those high feats of arms that you have so long been pining for, therefore keep high hearts each one of you to do battle with the Trojans.”\nWith these words he put heart and soul into them all, and they serried their companies yet more closely when they heard the words of their king. As the stones which a builder sets in the wall of some high house which is to give shelter from the winds, even so closely were the helmets and bossed shields set against one another. Shield pressed on shield, helm on helm, and man on man; so close were they that the horse-hair plumes on the gleaming ridges of their helmets touched each other as they bent their heads." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.218–238", "orig": "πάντων δὲ προπάροιθε δύʼ ἀνέρε θωρήσσοντο\nΠάτροκλός τε καὶ Αὐτομέδων ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες\nπρόσθεν Μυρμιδόνων πολεμιζέμεν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nβῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἐς κλισίην, χηλοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ πῶμʼ ἀνέῳγε\nκαλῆς δαιδαλέης, τήν οἱ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα\nθῆκʼ ἐπὶ νηὸς ἄγεσθαι ἐῢ πλήσασα χιτώνων\nχλαινάων τʼ ἀνεμοσκεπέων οὔλων τε ταπήτων.\nἔνθα δέ οἱ δέπας ἔσκε τετυγμένον, οὐδέ τις ἄλλος\nοὔτʼ ἀνδρῶν πίνεσκεν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ αἴθοπα οἶνον,\nοὔτέ τεῳ σπένδεσκε θεῶν, ὅτε μὴ Διὶ πατρί.\nτό ῥα τότʼ ἐκ χηλοῖο λαβὼν ἐκάθηρε θεείῳ\nπρῶτον, ἔπειτα δʼ ἔνιψʼ ὕδατος καλῇσι ῥοῇσι,\nνίψατο δʼ αὐτὸς χεῖρας, ἀφύσσατο δʼ αἴθοπα οἶνον.\nεὔχετʼ ἔπειτα στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ, λεῖβε δὲ οἶνον\nοὐρανὸν εἰσανιδών· Δία δʼ οὐ λάθε τερπικέραυνον·\nΖεῦ ἄνα Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικὲ τηλόθι ναίων\nΔωδώνης μεδέων δυσχειμέρου, ἀμφὶ δὲ Σελλοὶ\nσοὶ ναίουσʼ ὑποφῆται ἀνιπτόποδες χαμαιεῦναι,\nἠμὲν δή ποτʼ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο,\nτίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δʼ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν,\nἠδʼ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδʼ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ·", "en": "In front of them all two men put on their armour, Patroclus and Automedon, two men, with but one mind to lead the Myrmidons. Then Achilles went inside his tent and opened the lid of the strong chest which silver-footed Thetis had given him to take on board ship, and which she had filled with shirts, cloaks to keep out the cold, and good thick rugs. In this chest he had a cup of rare workmanship, from which no man but himself might drink, nor would he make offering from it to any other god save only to father Jove. He took the cup from the chest and cleansed it with sulphur; this done he rinsed it clean water, and after he had washed his hands he drew wine. Then he stood in the middle of the court and prayed, looking towards heaven, and making his drink-offering of wine; nor was he unseen of Jove whose joy is in thunder. “King Jove,” he cried, “lord of Dodona, god of the Pelasgi, who dwellest afar, you who hold wintry Dodona in your sway, where your prophets the Selli dwell around you with their feet unwashed and their couches made upon the ground, if you heard me when I prayed to you aforetime, and did me honour while you sent disaster on the Achaeans, vouchsafe me now the fulfilment of yet this further prayer." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.239–256", "orig": "αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ μενέω νηῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι,\nἀλλʼ ἕταρον πέμπω πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι\nμάρνασθαι· τῷ κῦδος ἅμα πρόες εὐρύοπα Ζεῦ,\nθάρσυνον δέ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ\nεἴσεται ἤ ῥα καὶ οἶος ἐπίστηται πολεμίζειν\nἡμέτερος θεράπων, ἦ οἱ τότε χεῖρες ἄαπτοι\nμαίνονθʼ, ὁππότʼ ἐγώ περ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον Ἄρηος.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ ναῦφι μάχην ἐνοπήν τε δίηται,\nἀσκηθής μοι ἔπειτα θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκοιτο\nτεύχεσί τε ξὺν πᾶσι καὶ ἀγχεμάχοις ἑτάροισιν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεύς.\nτῷ δʼ ἕτερον μὲν ἔδωκε πατήρ, ἕτερον δʼ ἀνένευσε·\nνηῶν μέν οἱ ἀπώσασθαι πόλεμόν τε μάχην τε\nδῶκε, σόον δʼ ἀνένευσε μάχης ἐξαπονέεσθαι.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν σπείσας τε καὶ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ\nἂψ κλισίην εἰσῆλθε, δέπας δʼ ἀπέθηκʼ ἐνὶ χηλῷ,\nστῆ δὲ πάροιθʼ ἐλθὼν κλισίης, ἔτι δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ\nεἰσιδέειν Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν φύλοπιν αἰνήν.", "en": "I shall stay here where my ships are lying, but I shall send my comrade into battle at the head of many Myrmidons. Grant, O all-seeing Jove, that victory may go with him; put your courage into his heart that Hector may learn whether my squire is man enough to fight alone, or whether his might is only then so indomitable when I myself enter the turmoil of war. Afterwards when he has chased the fight and the cry of battle from the ships, grant that he may return unharmed, with his armour and his comrades, fighters in close combat.”\nThus did he pray, and all-counselling Jove heard his prayer. Part of it he did indeed vouchsafe him, but not the whole. He granted that Patroclus should thrust back war and battle from the ships, but refused to let him come safely out of the fight.\nWhen he had made his drink-offering and had thus prayed, Achilles went inside his tent and put back the cup into his chest.\nThen he again came out, for he still loved to look upon the fierce fight that raged between the Trojans and Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.257–274", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἅμα Πατρόκλῳ μεγαλήτορι θωρηχθέντες\nἔστιχον, ὄφρʼ ἐν Τρωσὶ μέγα φρονέοντες ὄρουσαν.\nαὐτίκα δὲ σφήκεσσιν ἐοικότες ἐξεχέοντο\nεἰνοδίοις, οὓς παῖδες ἐριδμαίνωσιν ἔθοντες\nαἰεὶ κερτομέοντες ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκίʼ ἔχοντας\nνηπίαχοι· ξυνὸν δὲ κακὸν πολέεσσι τιθεῖσι.\nτοὺς δʼ εἴ περ παρά τίς τε κιὼν ἄνθρωπος ὁδίτης\nκινήσῃ ἀέκων, οἳ δʼ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔχοντες\nπρόσσω πᾶς πέτεται καὶ ἀμύνει οἷσι τέκεσσι.\nτῶν τότε Μυρμιδόνες κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες\nἐκ νηῶν ἐχέοντο· βοὴ δʼ ἄσβεστος ὀρώρει.\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nΜυρμιδόνες ἕταροι Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος\nἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς,\nὡς ἂν Πηλεΐδην τιμήσομεν, ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος\nἈργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ καὶ ἀγχέμαχοι θεράποντες,\nγνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nἣν ἄτην, ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισεν.", "en": "Meanwhile the armed band that was about Patroclus marched on till they sprang high in hope upon the Trojans. They came swarming out like wasps whose nests are by the roadside, and whom silly children love to tease, whereon any one who happens to be passing may get stung, or again, if a wayfarer going along the road vexes them by accident, every wasp will come flying out in a fury to defend his little ones, even with such rage and courage did the Myrmidons swarm from their ships, and their cry of battle rose heavenwards. Patroclus called out to his men at the top of his voice, “Myrmidons, followers of Achilles son of Peleus, be men my friends, fight with might and with main, that we may win glory for the son of Peleus, who is far the foremost man at the ships of the Argives, he, and his close fighting followers. The son of Atreus King Agamemnon will thus learn his folly in showing no respect to the bravest of the Achaeans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.275–292", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου,\nἐν δʼ ἔπεσον Τρώεσσιν ἀολλέες· ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες\nσμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν.\nΤρῶες δʼ ὡς εἴδοντο Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν\nαὐτὸν καὶ θεράποντα σὺν ἔντεσι μαρμαίροντας,\nπᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός, ἐκίνηθεν δὲ φάλαγγες\nἐλπόμενοι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα\nμηνιθμὸν μὲν ἀπορρῖψαι, φιλότητα δʼ ἑλέσθαι·\nπάπτηνεν δὲ ἕκαστος ὅπῃ φύγοι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.\nΠάτροκλος δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nἀντικρὺ κατὰ μέσσον, ὅθι πλεῖστοι κλονέοντο,\nνηῒ πάρα πρυμνῇ μεγαθύμου Πρωτεσιλάου,\nκαὶ βάλε Πυραίχμην, ὃς Παίονας ἱπποκορυστὰς\nἤγαγεν ἐξ Ἀμυδῶνος ἀπʼ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος·\nτὸν βάλε δεξιὸν ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ὕπτιος ἐν κονίῃσι\nκάππεσεν οἰμώξας, ἕταροι δέ μιν ἀμφεφόβηθεν\nΠαίονες· ἐν γὰρ Πάτροκλος φόβον ἧκεν ἅπασιν\nἡγεμόνα κτείνας, ὃς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι.", "en": "With these words he put heart and soul into them all, and they fell in a body upon the Trojans. The ships rang again with the cry which the Achaeans raised, and when the Trojans saw the brave son of Menoetius and his squire all gleaming in their armour, they were daunted and their battalions were thrown into confusion, for they thought the fleet son of Peleus must now have put aside his anger, and have been reconciled to Agamemnon; every one, therefore, looked round about to see whither he might fly for safety.\nPatroclus first aimed a spear into the middle of the press where men were packed most closely, by the stern of the ship of Protesilaus. He hit Pyraechmes who had led his Paeonian horsemen from the Amydon and the broad waters of the river Axius; the spear struck him on the right shoulder, and with a groan he fell backwards in the dust; on this his men were thrown into confusion, for by killing their leader, who was the finest soldier among them, Patroclus struck panic into them all." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.293–305", "orig": "ἐκ νηῶν δʼ ἔλασεν, κατὰ δʼ ἔσβεσεν αἰθόμενον πῦρ.\nἡμιδαὴς δʼ ἄρα νηῦς λίπετʼ αὐτόθι· τοὶ δὲ φόβηθεν\nΤρῶες θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ· Δαναοὶ δʼ ἐπέχυντο\nνῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· ὅμαδος δʼ ἀλίαστος ἐτύχθη.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀφʼ ὑψηλῆς κορυφῆς ὄρεος μεγάλοιο\nκινήσῃ πυκινὴν νεφέλην στεροπηγερέτα Ζεύς,\nἔκ τʼ ἔφανεν πᾶσαι σκοπιαὶ καὶ πρώονες ἄκροι\nκαὶ νάπαι, οὐρανόθεν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπερράγη ἄσπετος αἰθήρ,\nὣς Δαναοὶ νηῶν μὲν ἀπωσάμενοι δήϊον πῦρ\nτυτθὸν ἀνέπνευσαν, πολέμου δʼ οὐ γίγνετʼ ἐρωή·\nοὐ γάρ πώ τι Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν\nπροτροπάδην φοβέοντο μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν,\nἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἄρʼ ἀνθίσταντο, νεῶν δʼ ὑπόεικον ἀνάγκῃ.", "en": "He thus drove them from the ship and quenched the fire that was then blazing, leaving the half-burnt ship to lie where it was. The Trojans were now driven back with a shout that rent the skies, while the Danaans poured after them from their ships, shouting also without ceasing. As when Jove, gatherer of the thunder-cloud, spreads a dense canopy on the top of some lofty mountain, and all the peaks, the jutting headlands, and forest glades show out in the great light that flashes from the bursting heavens, even so when the Danaans had now driven back the fire from their ships, they took breath for a little while; but the fury of the fight was not yet over, for the Trojans were not driven back in utter rout, but still gave battle, and were ousted from their ground only by sheer fighting." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.306–325", "orig": "ἔνθα δʼ ἀνὴρ ἕλεν ἄνδρα κεδασθείσης ὑσμίνης\nἡγεμόνων. πρῶτος δὲ Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς\nαὐτίκʼ ἄρα στρεφθέντος Ἀρηϊλύκου βάλε μηρὸν\nἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε·\nῥῆξεν δʼ ὀστέον ἔγχος, ὃ δὲ πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nκάππεσʼ· ἀτὰρ Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος οὖτα Θόαντα\nστέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.\nΦυλεΐδης δʼ Ἄμφικλον ἐφορμηθέντα δοκεύσας\nἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρυμνὸν σκέλος, ἔνθα πάχιστος\nμυὼν ἀνθρώπου πέλεται· περὶ δʼ ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ\nνεῦρα διεσχίσθη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.\nΝεστορίδαι δʼ ὃ μὲν οὔτασʼ Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ\nἈντίλοχος, λαπάρης δὲ διήλασε χάλκεον ἔγχος·\nἤριπε δὲ προπάροιθε. Μάρις δʼ αὐτοσχεδὰ δουρὶ\nἈντιλόχῳ ἐπόρουσε κασιγνήτοιο χολωθεὶς\nστὰς πρόσθεν νέκυος· τοῦ δʼ ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης\nἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρὶν οὐτάσαι, οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτεν,\nὦμον ἄφαρ· πρυμνὸν δὲ βραχίονα δουρὸς ἀκωκὴ\nδρύψʼ ἀπὸ μυώνων, ἀπὸ δʼ ὀστέον ἄχρις ἄραξε·\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, κατὰ δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν.", "en": "The fight then became more scattered, and the chieftains killed one another when and how they could. The valiant son of Menoetius first drove his spear into the thigh of Areilycus just as he was turning round; the point went clean through, and broke the bone so that he fell forward. Meanwhile Menelaus struck Thoas in the chest, where it was exposed near the rim of his shield, and he fell dead. The son of Phyleus saw Amphiclus about to attack him, and ere he could do so took aim at the upper part of his thigh, where the muscles are thicker than in any other part; the spear tore through all the sinews of the leg, and his eyes were closed in darkness. Of the sons of Nestor one, Antilochus, speared Atymnius, driving the point of the spear through his throat, and down he fell. Maris then sprang on Antilochus in hand-to-hand fight to avenge his brother, and bestrode the body spear in hand; but valiant Thrasymedes was too quick for him, and in a moment had struck him in the shoulder ere he could deal his blow; his aim was true, and the spear severed all the muscles at the root of his arm, and tore them right down to the bone, so he fell heavily to the ground and his eyes were closed in darkness." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.326–341", "orig": "ὣς τὼ μὲν δοιοῖσι κασιγνήτοισι δαμέντε\nβήτην εἰς Ἔρεβος Σαρπηδόνος ἐσθλοὶ ἑταῖροι\nυἷες ἀκοντισταὶ Ἀμισωδάρου, ὅς ῥα Χίμαιραν\nθρέψεν ἀμαιμακέτην πολέσιν κακὸν ἀνθρώποισιν.\nΑἴας δὲ Κλεόβουλον Ὀϊλιάδης ἐπορούσας\nζωὸν ἕλε βλαφθέντα κατὰ κλόνον· ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι\nλῦσε μένος πλήξας ξίφει αὐχένα κωπήεντι.\nπᾶν δʼ ὑπεθερμάνθη ξίφος αἵματι· τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὄσσε\nἔλλαβε πορφύρεος θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.\nΠηνέλεως δὲ Λύκων τε συνέδραμον· ἔγχεσι μὲν γὰρ\nἤμβροτον ἀλλήλων, μέλεον δʼ ἠκόντισαν ἄμφω·\nτὼ δʼ αὖτις ξιφέεσσι συνέδραμον. ἔνθα Λύκων μὲν\nἱπποκόμου κόρυθος φάλον ἤλασεν, ἀμφὶ δὲ καυλὸν\nφάσγανον ἐρραίσθη· ὃ δʼ ὑπʼ οὔατος αὐχένα θεῖνε\nΠηνέλεως, πᾶν δʼ εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος, ἔσχεθε δʼ οἶον\nδέρμα, παρηέρθη δὲ κάρη, ὑπέλυντο δὲ γυῖα.", "en": "Thus did these two noble comrades of Sarpedon go down to Erebus slain by the two sons of Nestor; they were the warrior sons of Amisodorus, who had reared the invincible Chimaera, to the bane of many. Ajax son of Oileus sprang on Cleobulus and took him alive as he was entangled in the crush; but he killed him then and there by a sword-blow on the neck. The sword reeked with his blood, while dark death and the strong hand of fate gripped him and closed his eyes.\nPeneleos and Lycon now met in close fight, for they had missed each other with their spears. They had both thrown without effect, so now they drew their swords. Lycon struck the plumed crest of Peneleos’ helmet but his sword broke at the hilt, while Peneleos smote Lycon on the neck under the ear. The blade sank so deep that the head was held on by nothing but the skin, and there was no more life left in him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.342–357", "orig": "Μηριόνης δʼ Ἀκάμαντα κιχεὶς ποσὶ καρπαλίμοισι\nνύξʼ ἵππων ἐπιβησόμενον κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον·\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς.\nἸδομενεὺς δʼ Ἐρύμαντα κατὰ στόμα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ\nνύξε· τὸ δʼ ἀντικρὺ δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξεπέρησε\nνέρθεν ὑπʼ ἐγκεφάλοιο, κέασσε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέα λευκά·\nἐκ δʼ ἐτίναχθεν ὀδόντες, ἐνέπλησθεν δέ οἱ ἄμφω\nαἵματος ὀφθαλμοί· τὸ δʼ ἀνὰ στόμα καὶ κατὰ ῥῖνας\nπρῆσε χανών· θανάτου δὲ μέλαν νέφος ἀμφεκάλυψεν.\nοὗτοι ἄρʼ ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν ἕλον ἄνδρα ἕκαστος.\nὡς δὲ λύκοι ἄρνεσσιν ἐπέχραον ἢ ἐρίφοισι\nσίνται ὑπʼ ἐκ μήλων αἱρεύμενοι, αἵ τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι\nποιμένος ἀφραδίῃσι διέτμαγεν· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες\nαἶψα διαρπάζουσιν ἀνάλκιδα θυμὸν ἐχούσας·\nὣς Δαναοὶ Τρώεσσιν ἐπέχραον· οἳ δὲ φόβοιο\nδυσκελάδου μνήσαντο, λάθοντο δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.", "en": "Meriones gave chase to Acamas on foot and caught him up just as he was about to mount his chariot; he drove a spear through his right shoulder so that he fell headlong from the car, and his eyes were closed in darkness. Idomeneus speared Erymas in the mouth; the bronze point of the spear went clean through it beneath the brain, crashing in among the white bones and smashing them up. His teeth were all of them knocked out and the blood came gushing in a stream from both his eyes; it also came gurgling up from his mouth and nostrils, and the darkness of death enfolded him round about.\nThus did these chieftains of the Danaans each of them kill his man. As ravening wolves seize on kids or lambs, fastening on them when they are alone on the hillsides and have strayed from the main flock through the carelessness of the shepherd, and when the wolves see this they pounce upon them at once because they cannot defend themselves, even so did the Danaans now fall on the Trojans, who fled with ill-omened cries in their panic and had no more fight left in them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.358–376", "orig": "Αἴας δʼ ὃ μέγας αἰὲν ἐφʼ Ἕκτορι χαλκοκορυστῇ\nἵετʼ ἀκοντίσσαι· ὃ δὲ ἰδρείῃ πολέμοιο\nἀσπίδι ταυρείῃ κεκαλυμμένος εὐρέας ὤμους\nσκέπτετʼ ὀϊστῶν τε ῥοῖζον καὶ δοῦπον ἀκόντων.\nἦ μὲν δὴ γίγνωσκε μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην·\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἀνέμιμνε, σάω δʼ ἐρίηρας ἑταίρους.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀπʼ Οὐλύμπου νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω\nαἰθέρος ἐκ δίης, ὅτε τε Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνῃ,\nὣς τῶν ἐκ νηῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φόβος τε,\nοὐδὲ κατὰ μοῖραν πέραον πάλιν. Ἕκτορα δʼ ἵπποι\nἔκφερον ὠκύποδες σὺν τεύχεσι, λεῖπε δὲ λαὸν\nΤρωϊκόν, οὓς ἀέκοντας ὀρυκτὴ τάφρος ἔρυκε.\nπολλοὶ δʼ ἐν τάφρῳ ἐρυσάρματες ὠκέες ἵπποι\nἄξαντʼ ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ λίπον ἅρματʼ ἀνάκτων,\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἕπετο σφεδανὸν Δαναοῖσι κελεύων\nΤρωσὶ κακὰ φρονέων· οἳ δὲ ἰαχῇ τε φόβῳ τε\nπάσας πλῆσαν ὁδούς, ἐπεὶ ἂρ τμάγεν· ὕψι δʼ ἀέλλη\nσκίδναθʼ ὑπὸ νεφέων, τανύοντο δὲ μώνυχες ἵπποι\nἄψορρον προτὶ ἄστυ νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων.", "en": "Meanwhile great Ajax kept on trying to drive a spear into Hector, but Hector was so skilful that he held his broad shoulders well under cover of his ox-hide shield, ever on the look-out for the whizzing of the arrows and the heavy thud of the spears. He well knew that the fortunes of the day had changed, but still stood his ground and tried to protect his comrades.\nAs when a cloud goes up into heaven from Olympus, rising out of a clear sky when Jove is brewing a gale, even with such panic stricken rout did the Trojans now fly, and there was no order in their going. Hector’s fleet horses bore him and his armour out of the fight, and he left the Trojan host penned in by the deep trench against their will. Many a yoke of horses snapped the pole of their chariots in the trench and left their master’s car behind them. Patroclus gave chase, calling impetuously on the Danaans and full of fury against the Trojans, who, being now no longer in a body, filled all the ways with their cries of panic and rout; the air was darkened with the clouds of dust they raised, and the horses strained every nerve in their flight from the tents and ships towards the city." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.377–393", "orig": "Πάτροκλος δʼ ᾗ πλεῖστον ὀρινόμενον ἴδε λαόν,\nτῇ ῥʼ ἔχʼ ὁμοκλήσας· ὑπὸ δʼ ἄξοσι φῶτες ἔπιπτον\nπρηνέες ἐξ ὀχέων, δίφροι δʼ ἀνακυμβαλίαζον.\nἀντικρὺ δʼ ἄρα τάφρον ὑπέρθορον ὠκέες ἵπποι\nἄμβροτοι, οὓς Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα,\nπρόσσω ἱέμενοι, ἐπὶ δʼ Ἕκτορι κέκλετο θυμός·\nἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν· τὸν δʼ ἔκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι.\nὡς δʼ ὑπὸ λαίλαπι πᾶσα κελαινὴ βέβριθε χθὼν\nἤματʼ ὀπωρινῷ, ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕδωρ\nΖεύς, ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἄνδρεσσι κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ,\nοἳ βίῃ εἰν ἀγορῇ σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας,\nἐκ δὲ δίκην ἐλάσωσι θεῶν ὄπιν οὐκ ἀλέγοντες·\nτῶν δέ τε πάντες μὲν ποταμοὶ πλήθουσι ῥέοντες,\nπολλὰς δὲ κλιτῦς τότʼ ἀποτμήγουσι χαράδραι,\nἐς δʼ ἅλα πορφυρέην μεγάλα στενάχουσι ῥέουσαι\nἐξ ὀρέων ἐπικάρ, μινύθει δέ τε ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων·\nὣς ἵπποι Τρῳαὶ μεγάλα στενάχοντο θέουσαι.", "en": "Patroclus kept on heading his horses wherever he saw most men flying in confusion, cheering on his men the while. Chariots were being smashed in all directions, and many a man came tumbling down from his own car to fall beneath the wheels of that of Patroclus, whose immortal steeds, given by the gods to Peleus, sprang over the trench at a bound as they sped onward. He was intent on trying to get near Hector, for he had set his heart on spearing him, but Hector’s horses were now hurrying him away. As the whole dark earth bows before some tempest on an autumn day when Jove rains his hardest to punish men for giving crooked judgement in their courts, and driving justice therefrom without heed to the decrees of heaven, all the rivers run full and the torrents tear many a new channel as they roar headlong from the mountains to the dark sea, and it fares ill with the works of men, even such was the stress and strain of the Trojan horses in their flight." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.394–408", "orig": "Πάτροκλος δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πρώτας ἐπέκερσε φάλαγγας,\nἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἔεργε παλιμπετές, οὐδὲ πόληος\nεἴα ἱεμένους ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἀλλὰ μεσηγὺ\nνηῶν καὶ ποταμοῦ καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο\nκτεῖνε μεταΐσσων, πολέων δʼ ἀπετίνυτο ποινήν.\nἔνθʼ ἤτοι Πρόνοον πρῶτον βάλε δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nστέρνον γυμνωθέντα παρʼ ἀσπίδα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα·\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δὲ Θέστορα Ἤνοπος υἱὸν\nδεύτερον ὁρμηθείς· ὃ μὲν εὐξέστῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ\nἧστο ἀλείς· ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν\nἡνία ἠΐχθησαν· ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ νύξε παραστὰς\nγναθμὸν δεξιτερόν, διὰ δʼ αὐτοῦ πεῖρεν ὀδόντων,\nἕλκε δὲ δουρὸς ἑλὼν ὑπὲρ ἄντυγος, ὡς ὅτε τις φὼς\nπέτρῃ ἔπι προβλῆτι καθήμενος ἱερὸν ἰχθὺν\nἐκ πόντοιο θύραζε λίνῳ καὶ ἤνοπι χαλκῷ·", "en": "Patroclus now cut off the battalions that were nearest to him and drove them back to the ships. They were doing their best to reach the city, but he would not let them, and bore down on them between the river and the ships and wall. Many a fallen comrade did he then avenge. First he hit Pronous with a spear on the chest where it was exposed near the rim of his shield, and he fell heavily to the ground. Next he sprang on Thestor son of Enops, who was sitting all huddled up in his chariot, for he had lost his head and the reins had been torn out of his hands. Patroclus went up to him and drove a spear into his right jaw; he thus hooked him by the teeth and the spear pulled him over the rim of his car, as one who sits at the end of some jutting rock and draws a strong fish out of the sea with a hook and a line, even so with his spear did he pull Thestor all gaping from his chariot;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.409–425", "orig": "ὣς ἕλκʼ ἐκ δίφροιο κεχηνότα δουρὶ φαεινῷ,\nκὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ στόμʼ ἔωσε· πεσόντα δέ μιν λίπε θυμός.\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἐρύλαον ἐπεσσύμενον βάλε πέτρῳ\nμέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη\nἐν κόρυθι βριαρῇ· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nκάππεσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής.\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἐρύμαντα καὶ Ἀμφοτερὸν καὶ Ἐπάλτην\nΤληπόλεμόν τε Δαμαστορίδην Ἐχίον τε Πύριν τε\nἸφέα τʼ Εὔιππόν τε καὶ Ἀργεάδην Πολύμηλον\nπάντας ἐπασσυτέρους πέλασε χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ.\nΣαρπηδὼν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἴδʼ ἀμιτροχίτωνας ἑταίρους\nχέρσʼ ὕπο Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμέντας,\nκέκλετʼ ἄρʼ ἀντιθέοισι καθαπτόμενος Λυκίοισιν·\nαἰδὼς ὦ Λύκιοι· πόσε φεύγετε; νῦν θοοὶ ἔστε.\nἀντήσω γὰρ ἐγὼ τοῦδʼ ἀνέρος, ὄφρα δαείω\nὅς τις ὅδε κρατέει καὶ δὴ κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργε\nΤρῶας, ἐπεὶ πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν.", "en": "he then threw him down on his face and he died while falling. On this, as Erylaus was on coming to attack him, he struck him full on the head with a stone, and his brains were all battered inside his helmet, whereon he fell headlong to the ground and the pangs of death took hold upon him. Then he laid low, one after the other, Erymas, Amphoterus, Epaltes, Tlepolemus, Echius son of Damastor, Pyris, Ipheus, Euippus and Polymelus son of Argeas.\nNow when Sarpedon saw his comrades, men who wore ungirdled tunics, being overcome by Patroclus son of Menoetius, he rebuked the Lycians saying. “Shame on you, where are you flying to? Show your mettle; I will myself meet this man in fight and learn who it is that is so masterful; he has done us much hurt, and has stretched many a brave man upon the ground.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.426–438", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε.\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπεὶ ἴδεν ἔκθορε δίφρου.\nοἳ δʼ ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιοὶ γαμψώνυχες ἀγκυλοχεῖλαι\nπέτρῃ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῇ μεγάλα κλάζοντε μάχωνται,\nὣς οἳ κεκλήγοντες ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ὄρουσαν.\nτοὺς δὲ ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω,\nἭρην δὲ προσέειπε κασιγνήτην ἄλοχόν τε·\nὤ μοι ἐγών, ὅ τέ μοι Σαρπηδόνα φίλτατον ἀνδρῶν\nμοῖρʼ ὑπὸ Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμῆναι.\nδιχθὰ δέ μοι κραδίη μέμονε φρεσὶν ὁρμαίνοντι,\nἤ μιν ζωὸν ἐόντα μάχης ἄπο δακρυοέσσης\nθείω ἀναρπάξας Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ,\nἦ ἤδη ὑπὸ χερσὶ Μενοιτιάδαο δαμάσσω.", "en": "He sprang from his chariot as he spoke, and Patroclus, when he saw this, leaped on to the ground also. The two then rushed at one another with loud cries like eagle-beaked crook-taloned vultures that scream and tear at one another in some high mountain fastness.\nThe son of scheming Saturn looked down upon them in pity and said to Juno who was his wife and sister, “Alas, that it should be the lot of Sarpedon whom I love so dearly to perish by the hand of Patroclus. I am in two minds whether to catch him up out of the fight and set him down safe and sound in the fertile land of Lycia, or to let him now fall by the hand of the son of Menoetius.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.439–457", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·\nαἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.\nἄνδρα θνητὸν ἐόντα πάλαι πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ\nἂψ ἐθέλεις θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ἐξαναλῦσαι;\nἔρδʼ· ἀτὰρ οὔ τοι πάντες ἐπαινέομεν θεοὶ ἄλλοι.\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·\nαἴ κε ζὼν πέμψῃς Σαρπηδόνα ὃν δὲ δόμον δέ,\nφράζεο μή τις ἔπειτα θεῶν ἐθέλῃσι καὶ ἄλλος\nπέμπειν ὃν φίλον υἱὸν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης·\nπολλοὶ γὰρ περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο μάχονται\nυἱέες ἀθανάτων, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἐνήσεις.\nἀλλʼ εἴ τοι φίλος ἐστί, τεὸν δʼ ὀλοφύρεται ἦτορ,\nἤτοι μέν μιν ἔασον ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ\nχέρσʼ ὕπο Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο δαμῆναι·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπὴν δὴ τόν γε λίπῃ ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών,\nπέμπειν μιν θάνατόν τε φέρειν καὶ νήδυμον ὕπνον\nεἰς ὅ κε δὴ Λυκίης εὐρείης δῆμον ἵκωνται,\nἔνθά ἑ ταρχύσουσι κασίγνητοί τε ἔται τε\nτύμβῳ τε στήλῃ τε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.", "en": "And Juno answered, “Most dread son of Saturn, what is this that you are saying? Would you snatch a mortal man, whose doom has long been fated, out of the jaws of death? Do as you will, but we shall not all of us be of your mind. I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, that if you send Sarpedon safely to his own home, some other of the gods will be also wanting to escort his son out of battle, for there are many sons of gods fighting round the city of Troy, and you will make every one jealous. If, however, you are fond of him and pity him, let him indeed fall by the hand of Patroclus, but as soon as the life is gone out of him, send Death and sweet Sleep to bear him off the field and take him to the broad lands of Lycia, where his brothers and his kinsmen will bury him with mound and pillar, in due honour to the dead.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.458–476", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·\nαἱματοέσσας δὲ ψιάδας κατέχευεν ἔραζε\nπαῖδα φίλον τιμῶν, τόν οἱ Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε\nφθίσειν ἐν Τροίῃ ἐριβώλακι τηλόθι πάτρης.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nἔνθʼ ἤτοι Πάτροκλος ἀγακλειτὸν Θρασύμηλον,\nὅς ῥʼ ἠῢς θεράπων Σαρπηδόνος ἦεν ἄνακτος,\nτὸν βάλε νείαιραν κατὰ γαστέρα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.\nΣαρπηδὼν δʼ αὐτοῦ μὲν ἀπήμβροτε δουρὶ φαεινῷ\nδεύτερον ὁρμηθείς, ὃ δὲ Πήδασον οὔτασεν ἵππον\nἔγχεϊ δεξιὸν ὦμον· ὃ δʼ ἔβραχε θυμὸν ἀΐσθων,\nκὰδ δʼ ἔπεσʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μακών, ἀπὸ δʼ ἔπτατο θυμός.\nτὼ δὲ διαστήτην, κρίκε δὲ ζυγόν, ἡνία δέ σφι\nσύγχυτʼ, ἐπεὶ δὴ κεῖτο παρήορος ἐν κονίῃσι.\nτοῖο μὲν Αὐτομέδων δουρικλυτὸς εὕρετο τέκμωρ·\nσπασσάμενος τανύηκες ἄορ παχέος παρὰ μηροῦ\nἀΐξας ἀπέκοψε παρήορον οὐδʼ ἐμάτησε·\nτὼ δʼ ἰθυνθήτην, ἐν δὲ ῥυτῆρσι τάνυσθεν·\nτὼ δʼ αὖτις συνίτην ἔριδος πέρι θυμοβόροιο.", "en": "The sire of gods and men assented, but he shed a rain of blood upon the earth in honour of his son whom Patroclus was about to kill on the rich plain of Troy far from his home.\nWhen they were now come close to one another Patroclus struck Thrasydemus, the brave squire of Sarpedon, in the lower part of the belly, and killed him. Sarpedon then aimed a spear at Patroclus and missed him, but he struck the horse Pedasus in the right shoulder, and it screamed aloud as it lay, groaning in the dust until the life went out of it. The other two horses began to plunge; the pole of the chariot cracked and they got entangled in the reins through the fall of the horse that was yoked along with them; but Automedon knew what to do; without the loss of a moment he drew the keen blade that hung by his sturdy thigh and cut the third horse adrift; whereon the other two righted themselves, and pulling hard at the reins again went together into battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.477–491", "orig": "ἔνθʼ αὖ Σαρπηδὼν μὲν ἀπήμβροτε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,\nΠατρόκλου δʼ ὑπὲρ ὦμον ἀριστερὸν ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκὴ\nἔγχεος, οὐδʼ ἔβαλʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ὕστερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ\nΠάτροκλος· τοῦ δʼ οὐχ ἅλιον βέλος ἔκφυγε χειρός,\nἀλλʼ ἔβαλʼ ἔνθʼ ἄρα τε φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφʼ ἁδινὸν κῆρ.\nἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπεν ἢ ἀχερωῒς\nἠὲ πίτυς βλωθρή, τήν τʼ οὔρεσι τέκτονες ἄνδρες\nἐξέταμον πελέκεσσι νεήκεσι νήϊον εἶναι·\nὣς ὃ πρόσθʼ ἵππων καὶ δίφρου κεῖτο τανυσθεὶς\nβεβρυχὼς κόνιος δεδραγμένος αἱματοέσσης.\nἠΰτε ταῦρον ἔπεφνε λέων ἀγέληφι μετελθὼν\nαἴθωνα μεγάθυμον ἐν εἰλιπόδεσσι βόεσσι,\nὤλετό τε στενάχων ὑπὸ γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος,\nὣς ὑπὸ Πατρόκλῳ Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων\nκτεινόμενος μενέαινε, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον·", "en": "Sarpedon now took a second aim at Patroclus, and again missed him, the point of the spear passed over his left shoulder without hitting him. Patroclus then aimed in his turn, and the spear sped not from his hand in vain, for he hit Sarpedon just where the midriff surrounds the ever-beating heart. He fell like some oak or silver poplar or tall pine to which woodmen have laid their axes upon the mountains to make timber for ship-building, even so did he lie stretched at full length in front of his chariot and horses, moaning and clutching at the blood-stained dust. As when a lion springs with a bound upon a herd of cattle and fastens on a great black bull which dies bellowing in its clutches, even so did the leader of the Lycian warriors struggle in death as he fell by the hand of Patroclus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.492–507", "orig": "Γλαῦκε πέπον πολεμιστὰ μετʼ ἀνδράσι νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ\nαἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν·\nνῦν τοι ἐελδέσθω πόλεμος κακός, εἰ θοός ἐσσι.\nπρῶτα μὲν ὄτρυνον Λυκίων ἡγήτορας ἄνδρας\nπάντῃ ἐποιχόμενος Σαρπηδόνος ἀμφιμάχεσθαι·\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτα καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμεῦ πέρι μάρναο χαλκῷ.\nσοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειτα κατηφείη καὶ ὄνειδος\nἔσσομαι ἤματα πάντα διαμπερές, εἴ κέ μʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nτεύχεα συλήσωσι νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι πεσόντα.\nἀλλʼ ἔχεο κρατερῶς, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅπαντα.\nὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν\nὀφθαλμοὺς ῥῖνάς θʼ· ὃ δὲ λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βαίνων\nἐκ χροὸς ἕλκε δόρυ, προτὶ δὲ φρένες αὐτῷ ἕποντο·\nτοῖο δʼ ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσʼ αἰχμήν.\nΜυρμιδόνες δʼ αὐτοῦ σχέθον ἵππους φυσιόωντας\nἱεμένους φοβέεσθαι, ἐπεὶ λίπον ἅρματʼ ἀνάκτων.", "en": "He called on his trusty comrade and said, “Glaucus, my brother, hero among heroes, put forth all your strength, fight with might and main, now if ever quit yourself like a valiant soldier. First go about among the Lycian captains and bid them fight for Sarpedon; then yourself also do battle to save my armour from being taken. My name will haunt you henceforth and for ever if the Achaeans rob me of my armour now that I have fallen at their ships. Do your very utmost and call all my people together.”\nDeath closed his eyes as he spoke. Patroclus planted his heel on his breast and drew the spear from his body, whereon his senses came out along with it, and he drew out both spear-point and Sarpedon’s soul at the same time. Hard by the Myrmidons held his snorting steeds, who were wild with panic at finding themselves deserted by their lords." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.508–526", "orig": "Γλαύκῳ δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος γένετο φθογγῆς ἀΐοντι·\nὠρίνθη δέ οἱ ἦτορ ὅ τʼ οὐ δύνατο προσαμῦναι.\nχειρὶ δʼ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα· τεῖρε γὰρ αὐτὸν\nἕλκος, ὃ δή μιν Τεῦκρος ἐπεσσύμενον βάλεν ἰῷ\nτείχεος ὑψηλοῖο, ἀρὴν ἑτάροισιν ἀμύνων.\nεὐχόμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι·\nκλῦθι ἄναξ ὅς που Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ\nεἲς ἢ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ· δύνασαι δὲ σὺ πάντοσʼ ἀκούειν\nἀνέρι κηδομένῳ, ὡς νῦν ἐμὲ κῆδος ἱκάνει.\nἕλκος μὲν γὰρ ἔχω τόδε καρτερόν, ἀμφὶ δέ μοι χεὶρ\nὀξείῃς ὀδύνῃσιν ἐλήλαται, οὐδέ μοι αἷμα\nτερσῆναι δύναται, βαρύθει δέ μοι ὦμος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ·\nἔγχος δʼ οὐ δύναμαι σχεῖν ἔμπεδον, οὐδὲ μάχεσθαι\nἐλθὼν δυσμενέεσσιν. ἀνὴρ δʼ ὤριστος ὄλωλε\nΣαρπηδὼν Διὸς υἱός· ὃ δʼ οὐ οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύνει.\nἀλλὰ σύ πέρ μοι ἄναξ τόδε καρτερὸν ἕλκος ἄκεσσαι,\nκοίμησον δʼ ὀδύνας, δὸς δὲ κράτος, ὄφρʼ ἑτάροισι\nκεκλόμενος Λυκίοισιν ἐποτρύνω πολεμίζειν,\nαὐτός τʼ ἀμφὶ νέκυι κατατεθνηῶτι μάχωμαι.", "en": "Glaucus was overcome with grief when he heard what Sarpedon said, for he could not help him. He had to support his arm with his other hand, being in great pain through the wound which Teucer’s arrow had given him when Teucer was defending the wall as he, Glaucus, was assailing it. Therefore he prayed to far-darting Apollo saying, “Hear me O king from your seat, may be in the rich land of Lycia, or may be in Troy, for in all places you can hear the prayer of one who is in distress, as I now am. I have a grievous wound; my hand is aching with pain, there is no staunching the blood, and my whole arm drags by reason of my hurt, so that I cannot grasp my sword nor go among my foes and fight them, though our prince, Jove’s son Sarpedon, is slain. Jove defended not his son, do you, therefore, O king, heal me of my wound, ease my pain and grant me strength both to cheer on the Lycians and to fight along with them round the body of him who has fallen.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.527–547", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.\nαὐτίκα παῦσʼ ὀδύνας ἀπὸ δʼ ἕλκεος ἀργαλέοιο\nαἷμα μέλαν τέρσηνε, μένος δέ οἱ ἔμβαλε θυμῷ.\nΓλαῦκος δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ γήθησέν τε\nὅττί οἱ ὦκʼ ἤκουσε μέγας θεὸς εὐξαμένοιο.\nπρῶτα μὲν ὄτρυνεν Λυκίων ἡγήτορας ἄνδρας\nπάντῃ ἐποιχόμενος Σαρπηδόνος ἀμφιμάχεσθαι·\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτα μετὰ Τρῶας κίε μακρὰ βιβάσθων\nΠουλυδάμαντʼ ἔπι Πανθοΐδην καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον,\nβῆ δὲ μετʼ Αἰνείαν τε καὶ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστήν,\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἝκτορ νῦν δὴ πάγχυ λελασμένος εἰς ἐπικούρων,\nοἳ σέθεν εἵνεκα τῆλε φίλων καὶ πατρίδος αἴης\nθυμὸν ἀποφθινύθουσι· σὺ δʼ οὐκ ἐθέλεις ἐπαμύνειν.\nκεῖται Σαρπηδὼν Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων,\nὃς Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ·\nτὸν δʼ ὑπὸ Πατρόκλῳ δάμασʼ ἔγχεϊ χάλκεος Ἄρης.\nἀλλὰ φίλοι πάρστητε, νεμεσσήθητε δὲ θυμῷ,\nμὴ ἀπὸ τεύχεʼ ἕλωνται, ἀεικίσσωσι δὲ νεκρὸν\nΜυρμιδόνες, Δαναῶν κεχολωμένοι ὅσσοι ὄλοντο,\nτοὺς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἐπέφνομεν ἐγχείῃσιν.", "en": "Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He eased his pain, staunched the black blood from the wound, and gave him new strength. Glaucus perceived this, and was thankful that the mighty god had answered his prayer; forthwith, therefore, he went among the Lycian captains, and bade them come to fight about the body of Sarpedon. From these he strode on among the Trojans to Polydamas son of Panthous and Agenor; he then went in search of Aeneas and Hector, and when he had found them he said, “Hector, you have utterly forgotten your allies, who languish here for your sake far from friends and home while you do nothing to support them. Sarpedon leader of the Lycian warriors has fallen, he who was at once the right and might of Lycia; Mars has laid him low by the spear of Patroclus. Stand by him, my friends, and suffer not the Myrmidons to strip him of his armour, nor to treat his body with contumely in revenge for all the Danaans whom we have speared at the ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.548–568", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατο, Τρῶας δὲ κατὰ κρῆθεν λάβε πένθος\nἄσχετον, οὐκ ἐπιεικτόν, ἐπεί σφισιν ἕρμα πόληος\nἔσκε καὶ ἀλλοδαπός περ ἐών· πολέες γὰρ ἅμʼ αὐτῷ\nλαοὶ ἕποντʼ, ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι·\nβὰν δʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν λελιημένοι· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν\nἝκτωρ χωόμενος Σαρπηδόνος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς\nὦρσε Μενοιτιάδεω Πατροκλῆος λάσιον κῆρ·\nΑἴαντε πρώτω προσέφη μεμαῶτε καὶ αὐτώ·\nΑἴαντε νῦν σφῶϊν ἀμύνεσθαι φίλον ἔστω,\nοἷοί περ πάρος ἦτε μετʼ ἀνδράσιν ἢ καὶ ἀρείους.\nκεῖται ἀνὴρ ὃς πρῶτος ἐσήλατο τεῖχος Ἀχαιῶν\nΣαρπηδών· ἀλλʼ εἴ μιν ἀεικισσαίμεθʼ ἑλόντες,\nτεύχεά τʼ ὤμοιιν ἀφελοίμεθα, καί τινʼ ἑταίρων\nαὐτοῦ ἀμυνομένων δαμασαίμεθα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀλέξασθαι μενέαινον.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐκαρτύναντο φάλαγγας\nΤρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Μυρμιδόνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί,\nσύμβαλον ἀμφὶ νέκυι κατατεθνηῶτι μάχεσθαι\nδεινὸν ἀΰσαντες· μέγα δʼ ἔβραχε τεύχεα φωτῶν.\nΖεὺς δʼ ἐπὶ νύκτʼ ὀλοὴν τάνυσε κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ,\nὄφρα φίλῳ περὶ παιδὶ μάχης ὀλοὸς πόνος εἴη.", "en": "As he spoke the Trojans were plunged in extreme and ungovernable grief; for Sarpedon, alien though he was, had been one of the main stays of their city, both as having much people with him, and himself the foremost among them all. Led by Hector, who was infuriated by the fall of Sarpedon, they made instantly for the Danaans with all their might, while the undaunted spirit of Patroclus son of Menoetius cheered on the Achaeans. First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, men who needed no bidding. “Ajaxes,” said he, “may it now please you to show yourselves the men you have always been, or even better, Sarpedon is fallen, he who was first to overleap the wall of the Achaeans; let us take the body and outrage it; let us strip the armour from his shoulders, and kill his comrades if they try to rescue his body.”\nHe spoke to men who of themselves were full eager; both sides, therefore, the Trojans and Lycians on the one hand, and the Myrmidons and Achaeans on the other, strengthened their battalions, and fought desperately about the body of Sarpedon, shouting fiercely the while. Mighty was the din of their armour as they came together, and Jove shed a thick darkness over the fight, to increase the toil of the battle over the body of his son." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.569–585", "orig": "ὦσαν δὲ πρότεροι Τρῶες ἑλίκωπας Ἀχαιούς·\nβλῆτο γὰρ οὔ τι κάκιστος ἀνὴρ μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσιν\nυἱὸς Ἀγακλῆος μεγαθύμου δῖος Ἐπειγεύς,\nὅς ῥʼ ἐν Βουδείῳ εὖ ναιομένῳ ἤνασσε\nτὸ πρίν· ἀτὰρ τότε γʼ ἐσθλὸν ἀνεψιὸν ἐξεναρίξας\nἐς Πηλῆʼ ἱκέτευσε καὶ ἐς Θέτιν ἀργυρόπεζαν·\nοἳ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ ῥηξήνορι πέμπον ἕπεσθαι\nἼλιον εἰς εὔπωλον, ἵνα Τρώεσσι μάχοιτο.\nτόν ῥα τόθʼ ἁπτόμενον νέκυος βάλε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nχερμαδίῳ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη\nἐν κόρυθι βριαρῇ· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ νεκρῷ\nκάππεσεν, ἀμφὶ δέ μιν θάνατος χύτο θυμοραϊστής.\nΠατρόκλῳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄχος γένετο φθιμένου ἑτάροιο,\nἴθυσεν δὲ διὰ προμάχων ἴρηκι ἐοικὼς\nὠκέϊ, ὅς τʼ ἐφόβησε κολοιούς τε ψῆράς τε·\nὣς ἰθὺς Λυκίων Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε\nἔσσυο καὶ Τρώων, κεχόλωσο δὲ κῆρ ἑτάροιο.", "en": "At first the Trojans made some headway against the Achaeans, for one of the best men among the Myrmidons was killed, Epeigeus, son of noble Agacles who had erewhile been king in the good city of Budeum; but presently, having killed a valiant kinsman of his own, he took refuge with Peleus and Thetis, who sent him to Ilius the land of noble steeds to fight the Trojans under Achilles. Hector now struck him on the head with a stone just as he had caught hold of the body, and his brains inside his helmet were all battered in, so that he fell face foremost upon the body of Sarpedon, and there died. Patroclus was enraged by the death of his comrade, and sped through the front ranks as swiftly as a hawk that swoops down on a flock of daws or starlings. Even so swiftly, O noble knight Patroclus, did you make straight for the Lycians and Trojans to avenge your comrade." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.586–602", "orig": "καί ῥʼ ἔβαλε Σθενέλαον Ἰθαιμένεος φίλον υἱὸν\nαὐχένα χερμαδίῳ, ῥῆξεν δʼ ἀπὸ τοῖο τένοντας.\nχώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.\nὅσση δʼ αἰγανέης ῥιπὴ ταναοῖο τέτυκται,\nἥν ῥά τʼ ἀνὴρ ἀφέῃ πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ\nἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων,\nτόσσον ἐχώρησαν Τρῶες, ὤσαντο δʼ Ἀχαιοί.\nΓλαῦκος δὲ πρῶτος Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων\nἐτράπετʼ, ἔκτεινεν δὲ Βαθυκλῆα μεγάθυμον\nΧάλκωνος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς Ἑλλάδι οἰκία ναίων\nὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε μετέπρεπε Μυρμιδόνεσσι.\nτὸν μὲν ἄρα Γλαῦκος στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρὶ\nστρεφθεὶς ἐξαπίνης, ὅτε μιν κατέμαρπτε διώκων·\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών· πυκινὸν δʼ ἄχος ἔλλαβʼ Ἀχαιούς,\nὡς ἔπεσʼ ἐσθλὸς ἀνήρ· μέγα δὲ Τρῶες κεχάροντο,\nστὰν δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἰόντες ἀολλέες· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἀλκῆς ἐξελάθοντο, μένος δʼ ἰθὺς φέρον αὐτῶν.", "en": "Forthwith he struck Sthenelaus the son of Ithaemenes on the neck with a stone, and broke the tendons that join it to the head and spine. On this Hector and the front rank of his men gave ground. As far as a man can throw a javelin when competing for some prize, or even in battle, so far did the Trojans now retreat before the Achaeans. Glaucus, captain of the Lycians, was the first to rally them, by killing Bathycles son of Chalcon who lived in Hellas and was the richest man among the Myrmidons. Glaucus turned round suddenly, just as Bathycles who was pursuing him was about to lay hold of him, and drove his spear right into the middle of his chest, whereon he fell heavily to the ground, and the fall of so good a man filled the Achaeans with dismay, while the Trojans were exultant, and came up in a body round the corpse. Nevertheless the Achaeans, mindful of their prowess, bore straight down upon them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.603–618", "orig": "ἔνθʼ αὖ Μηριόνης Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν\nΛαόγονον θρασὺν υἱὸν Ὀνήτορος, ὃς Διὸς ἱρεὺς\nἸδαίου ἐτέτυκτο, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ.\nτὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος· ὦκα δὲ θυμὸς\nᾤχετʼ ἀπὸ μελέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν.\nΑἰνείας δʼ ἐπὶ Μηριόνῃ δόρυ χάλκεον ἧκεν·\nἔλπετο γὰρ τεύξεσθαι ὑπασπίδια προβιβῶντος.\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος·\nπρόσσω γὰρ κατέκυψε, τὸ δʼ ἐξόπιθεν δόρυ μακρὸν\nοὔδει ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐπὶ δʼ οὐρίαχος πελεμίχθη\nἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης.\nαἰχμὴ δʼ Αἰνείαο κραδαινομένη κατὰ γαίης\nᾤχετʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἅλιον στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὄρουσεν.\nΑἰνείας δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐχώσατο φώνησέν τε·\nΜηριόνη τάχα κέν σε καὶ ὀρχηστήν περ ἐόντα\nἔγχος ἐμὸν κατέπαυσε διαμπερές, εἴ σʼ ἔβαλόν περ.", "en": "Meriones then killed a helmed warrior of the Trojans, Laogonus son of Onetor, who was priest of Jove of Mt. Ida, and was honoured by the people as though he were a god. Meriones struck him under the jaw and ear, so that life went out of him and the darkness of death laid hold upon him. Aeneas then aimed a spear at Meriones, hoping to hit him under the shield as he was advancing, but Meriones saw it coming and stooped forward to avoid it, whereon the spear flew past him and the point stuck in the ground, while the butt-end went on quivering till Mars robbed it of its force. The spear, therefore, sped from Aeneas’s hand in vain and fell quivering to the ground. Aeneas was angry and said, “Meriones, you are a good dancer, but if I had hit you my spear would soon have made an end of you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.619–631", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης δουρικλυτὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nΑἰνεία χαλεπόν σε καὶ ἴφθιμόν περ ἐόντα\nπάντων ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι μένος, ὅς κέ σευ ἄντα\nἔλθῃ ἀμυνόμενος· θνητὸς δέ νυ καὶ σὺ τέτυξαι.\nεἰ καὶ ἐγώ σε βάλοιμι τυχὼν μέσον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nαἶψά κε καὶ κρατερός περ ἐὼν καὶ χερσὶ πεποιθὼς\nεὖχος ἐμοὶ δοίης, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ.\nὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἐνένιπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός·\nΜηριόνη τί σὺ ταῦτα καὶ ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν ἀγορεύεις;\nὦ πέπον οὔ τοι Τρῶες ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσι\nνεκροῦ χωρήσουσι· πάρος τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει.\nἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου, ἐπέων δʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ·\nτὼ οὔ τι χρὴ μῦθον ὀφέλλειν, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.", "en": "And Meriones answered, “Aeneas, for all your bravery, you will not be able to make an end of every one who comes against you. You are only a mortal like myself, and if I were to hit you in the middle of your shield with my spear, however strong and self-confident you may be, I should soon vanquish you, and you would yield your life to Hades of the noble steeds.”\nOn this the son of Menoetius rebuked him and said, “Meriones, hero though you be, you should not speak thus; taunting speeches, my good friend, will not make the Trojans draw away from the dead body; some of them must go under ground first; blows for battle, and words for council; fight, therefore, and say nothing.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.632–651", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ἦρχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο ἰσόθεος φώς.\nτῶν δʼ ὥς τε δρυτόμων ἀνδρῶν ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει\nοὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ἕκαθεν δέ τε γίγνετʼ ἀκουή,\nὣς τῶν ὄρνυτο δοῦπος ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης\nχαλκοῦ τε ῥινοῦ τε βοῶν τʼ εὐποιητάων,\nνυσσομένων ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν.\nοὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι φράδμων περ ἀνὴρ Σαρπηδόνα δῖον\nἔγνω, ἐπεὶ βελέεσσι καὶ αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσιν\nἐκ κεφαλῆς εἴλυτο διαμπερὲς ἐς πόδας ἄκρους.\nοἳ δʼ αἰεὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ὁμίλεον, ὡς ὅτε μυῖαι\nσταθμῷ ἔνι βρομέωσι περιγλαγέας κατὰ πέλλας\nὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τε γλάγος ἄγγεα δεύει·\nὣς ἄρα τοὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ὁμίλεον, οὐδέ ποτε Ζεὺς\nτρέψεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης ὄσσε φαεινώ,\nἀλλὰ κατʼ αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα καὶ φράζετο θυμῷ,\nπολλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφὶ φόνῳ Πατρόκλου μερμηρίζων,\nἢ ἤδη καὶ κεῖνον ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ\nαὐτοῦ ἐπʼ ἀντιθέῳ Σαρπηδόνι φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nχαλκῷ δῃώσῃ, ἀπό τʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕληται,\nἦ ἔτι καὶ πλεόνεσσιν ὀφέλλειεν πόνον αἰπύν.", "en": "He led the way as he spoke and the hero went forward with him. As the sound of woodcutters in some forest glade upon the mountains, and the thud of their axes is heard afar, even such a din now rose from earth-clash of bronze armour and of good ox-hide shields, as men smote each other with their swords and spears pointed at both ends. A man had need of good eyesight now to know Sarpedon, so covered was he from head to foot with spears and blood and dust. Men swarmed about the body, as flies that buzz round the full milk-pails in spring when they are brimming with milk, even so did they gather round Sarpedon; nor did Jove turn his keen eyes away for one moment from the fight, but kept looking at it all the time, for he was settling how best to kill Patroclus, and considering whether Hector should be allowed to end him now in the fight round the body of Sarpedon, and strip him of his armour, or whether he should let him give yet further trouble to the Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.652–665", "orig": "ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι\nὄφρʼ ἠῢς θεράπων Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος\nἐξαῦτις Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα χαλκοκορυστὴν\nὤσαιτο προτὶ ἄστυ, πολέων δʼ ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο.\nἝκτορι δὲ πρωτίστῳ ἀνάλκιδα θυμὸν ἐνῆκεν·\nἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀναβὰς φύγαδʼ ἔτραπε, κέκλετο δʼ ἄλλους\nΤρῶας φευγέμεναι· γνῶ γὰρ Διὸς ἱρὰ τάλαντα.\nἔνθʼ οὐδʼ ἴφθιμοι Λύκιοι μένον, ἀλλὰ φόβηθεν\nπάντες, ἐπεὶ βασιλῆα ἴδον βεβλαμμένον ἦτορ\nκείμενον ἐν νεκύων ἀγύρει· πολέες γὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ\nκάππεσον, εὖτʼ ἔριδα κρατερὴν ἐτάνυσσε Κρονίων.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεʼ ἕλοντο\nχάλκεα μαρμαίροντα, τὰ μὲν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας\nδῶκε φέρειν ἑτάροισι Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός.", "en": "In the end, he deemed it best that the brave squire of Achilles son of Peleus should drive Hector and the Trojans back towards the city and take the lives of many. First, therefore, he made Hector turn fainthearted, whereon he mounted his chariot and fled, bidding the other Trojans fly also, for he saw that the scales of Jove had turned against him. Neither would the brave Lycians stand firm; they were dismayed when they saw their king lying struck to the heart amid a heap of corpses, for when the son of Saturn made the fight wax hot many had fallen above him. The Achaeans, therefore stripped the gleaming armour from his shoulders and the brave son of Menoetius gave it to his men to take to the ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.666–683", "orig": "καὶ τότʼ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nεἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν φίλε Φοῖβε, κελαινεφὲς αἷμα κάθηρον\nἐλθὼν ἐκ βελέων Σαρπηδόνα, καί μιν ἔπειτα\nπολλὸν ἀπὸ πρὸ φέρων λοῦσον ποταμοῖο ῥοῇσι\nχρῖσόν τʼ ἀμβροσίῃ, περὶ δʼ ἄμβροτα εἵματα ἕσσον·\nπέμπε δέ μιν πομποῖσιν ἅμα κραιπνοῖσι φέρεσθαι\nὕπνῳ καὶ θανάτῳ διδυμάοσιν, οἵ ῥά μιν ὦκα\nθήσουσʼ ἐν Λυκίης εὐρείης πίονι δήμῳ,\nἔνθά ἑ ταρχύσουσι κασίγνητοί τε ἔται τε\nτύμβῳ τε στήλῃ τε· τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ἀνηκούστησεν Ἀπόλλων.\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ἐς φύλοπιν αἰνήν,\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἐκ βελέων Σαρπηδόνα δῖον ἀείρας\nπολλὸν ἀπὸ πρὸ φέρων λοῦσεν ποταμοῖο ῥοῇσι\nχρῖσέν τʼ ἀμβροσίῃ, περὶ δʼ ἄμβροτα εἵματα ἕσσε·\nπέμπε δέ μιν πομποῖσιν ἅμα κραιπνοῖσι φέρεσθαι,\nὕπνῳ καὶ θανάτῳ διδυμάοσιν, οἵ ῥά μιν ὦκα\nκάτθεσαν ἐν Λυκίης εὐρείης πίονι δήμῳ.", "en": "Then Jove lord of the storm-cloud said to Apollo, “Dear Phoebus, go, I pray you, and take Sarpedon out of range of the weapons; cleanse the black blood from off him, and then bear him a long way off where you may wash him in the river, anoint him with ambrosia, and clothe him in immortal raiment; this done, commit him to the arms of the two fleet messengers, Death, and Sleep, who will carry him straightway to the rich land of Lycia, where his brothers and kinsmen will inter him, and will raise both mound and pillar to his memory, in due honour to the dead.”\nThus he spoke. Apollo obeyed his father’s saying, and came down from the heights of Ida into the thick of the fight; forthwith he took Sarpedon out of range of the weapons, and then bore him a long way off, where he washed him in the river, anointed him with ambrosia and clothed him in immortal raiment; this done, he committed him to the arms of the two fleet messengers, Death, and Sleep, who presently set him down in the rich land of Lycia." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.684–697", "orig": "Πάτροκλος δʼ ἵπποισι καὶ Αὐτομέδοντι κελεύσας\nΤρῶας καὶ Λυκίους μετεκίαθε, καὶ μέγʼ ἀάσθη\nνήπιος· εἰ δὲ ἔπος Πηληϊάδαο φύλαξεν\nἦ τʼ ἂν ὑπέκφυγε κῆρα κακὴν μέλανος θανάτοιο.\nἀλλʼ αἰεί τε Διὸς κρείσσων νόος ἠέ περ ἀνδρῶν·\nὅς τε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ καὶ ἀφείλετο νίκην\nῥηϊδίως, ὅτε δʼ αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνῃσι μάχεσθαι·\nὅς οἱ καὶ τότε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνῆκεν.\nἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον τίνα δʼ ὕστατον ἐξενάριξας\nΠατρόκλεις, ὅτε δή σε θεοὶ θάνατον δὲ κάλεσσαν;\nἌδρηστον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Αὐτόνοον καὶ Ἔχεκλον\nκαὶ Πέριμον Μεγάδην καὶ Ἐπίστορα καὶ Μελάνιππον,\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτʼ Ἔλασον καὶ Μούλιον ἠδὲ Πυλάρτην·\nτοὺς ἕλεν· οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι φύγαδε μνώοντο ἕκαστος.", "en": "Meanwhile Patroclus, with many a shout to his horses and to Automedon, pursued the Trojans and Lycians in the pride and foolishness of his heart. Had he but obeyed the bidding of the son of Peleus, he would have escaped death and have been scatheless; but the counsels of Jove pass man’s understanding; he will put even a brave man to flight and snatch victory from his grasp, or again he will set him on to fight, as he now did when he put a high spirit into the heart of Patroclus.\nWho then first, and who last, was slain by you, O Patroclus, when the gods had now called you to meet your doom? First Adrestus, Autonous, Echeclus, Perimus the son of Megas, Epistor and Melanippus; after these he killed Elasus, Mulius, and Pylartes. These he slew, but the rest saved themselves by flight." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.698–711", "orig": "ἔνθά κεν ὑψίπυλον Τροίην ἕλον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nΠατρόκλου ὑπὸ χερσί, περὶ πρὸ γὰρ ἔγχεϊ θῦεν,\nεἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος ἐϋδμήτου ἐπὶ πύργου\nἔστη τῷ ὀλοὰ φρονέων, Τρώεσσι δʼ ἀρήγων.\nτρὶς μὲν ἐπʼ ἀγκῶνος βῆ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο\nΠάτροκλος, τρὶς δʼ αὐτὸν ἀπεστυφέλιξεν Ἀπόλλων\nχείρεσσʼ ἀθανάτῃσι φαεινὴν ἀσπίδα νύσσων.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος,\nδεινὰ δʼ ὁμοκλήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nχάζεο διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες· οὔ νύ τοι αἶσα\nσῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ πόλιν πέρθαι Τρώων ἀγερώχων,\nοὐδʼ ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, ὅς περ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων.\nὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δʼ ἀνεχάζετο πολλὸν ὀπίσσω\nμῆνιν ἀλευάμενος ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος.", "en": "The sons of the Achaeans would now have taken Troy by the hands of Patroclus, for his spear flew in all directions, had not Phoebus Apollo taken his stand upon the wall to defeat his purpose and to aid the Trojans. Thrice did Patroclus charge at an angle of the high wall, and thrice did Apollo beat him back, striking his shield with his own immortal hands. When Patroclus was coming on like a god for yet a fourth time, Apollo shouted to him with an awful voice and said, “Draw back, noble Patroclus, it is not your lot to sack the city of the Trojan chieftains, nor yet will it be that of Achilles who is a far better man than you are.” On hearing this, Patroclus withdrew to some distance and avoided the anger of Apollo." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.712–725", "orig": "Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἐν Σκαιῇσι πύλῃς ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους·\nδίζε γὰρ ἠὲ μάχοιτο κατὰ κλόνον αὖτις ἐλάσσας,\nἦ λαοὺς ἐς τεῖχος ὁμοκλήσειεν ἀλῆναι.\nταῦτʼ ἄρα οἱ φρονέοντι παρίστατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nἀνέρι εἰσάμενος αἰζηῷ τε κρατερῷ τε\nἈσίῳ, ὃς μήτρως ἦν Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο\nαὐτοκασίγνητος Ἑκάβης, υἱὸς δὲ Δύμαντος,\nὃς Φρυγίῃ ναίεσκε ῥοῇς ἔπι Σαγγαρίοιο·\nτῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·\nἝκτορ τίπτε μάχης ἀποπαύεαι; οὐδέ τί σε χρή.\nαἴθʼ ὅσον ἥσσων εἰμί, τόσον σέο φέρτερος εἴην·\nτώ κε τάχα στυγερῶς πολέμου ἀπερωήσειας.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε Πατρόκλῳ ἔφεπε κρατερώνυχας ἵππους,\nαἴ κέν πώς μιν ἕλῃς, δώῃ δέ τοι εὖχος Ἀπόλλων.", "en": "Meanwhile Hector was waiting with his horses inside the Scaean gates, in doubt whether to drive out again and go on fighting, or to call the army inside the gates. As he was thus doubting Phoebus Apollo drew near him in the likeness of a young and lusty warrior Asius, who was Hector’s uncle, being own brother to Hecuba, and son of Dymas who lived in Phrygia by the waters of the river Sangarius; in his likeness Jove’s son Apollo now spoke to Hector saying, “Hector, why have you left off fighting? It is ill done of you. If I were as much better a man than you, as I am worse, you should soon rue your slackness. Drive straight towards Patroclus, if so be that Apollo may grant you a triumph over him, and you may rule him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.726–745", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἔβη θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν,\nΚεβριόνῃ δʼ ἐκέλευσε δαΐφρονι φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nἵππους ἐς πόλεμον πεπληγέμεν. αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων\nδύσεθʼ ὅμιλον ἰών, ἐν δὲ κλόνον Ἀργείοισιν\nἧκε κακόν, Τρωσὶν δὲ καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ὄπαζεν.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἄλλους μὲν Δαναοὺς ἔα οὐδʼ ἐνάριζεν·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Πατρόκλῳ ἔφεπε κρατερώνυχας ἵππους.\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀφʼ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε\nσκαιῇ ἔγχος ἔχων· ἑτέρηφι δὲ λάζετο πέτρον\nμάρμαρον ὀκριόεντα τόν οἱ περὶ χεὶρ ἐκάλυψεν,\nἧκε δʼ ἐρεισάμενος, οὐδὲ δὴν χάζετο φωτός,\nοὐδʼ ἁλίωσε βέλος, βάλε δʼ Ἕκτορος ἡνιοχῆα\nΚεβριόνην νόθον υἱὸν ἀγακλῆος Πριάμοιο\nἵππων ἡνίʼ ἔχοντα μετώπιον ὀξέϊ λᾶϊ.\nἀμφοτέρας δʼ ὀφρῦς σύνελεν λίθος, οὐδέ οἱ ἔσχεν\nὀστέον, ὀφθαλμοὶ δὲ χαμαὶ πέσον ἐν κονίῃσιν\nαὐτοῦ πρόσθε ποδῶν· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀρνευτῆρι ἐοικὼς\nκάππεσʼ ἀπʼ εὐεργέος δίφρου, λίπε δʼ ὀστέα θυμός.\nτὸν δʼ ἐπικερτομέων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μάλʼ ἐλαφρὸς ἀνήρ, ὡς ῥεῖα κυβιστᾷ.", "en": "With this the god went back into the hurly-burly, and Hector bade Cebriones drive again into the fight. Apollo passed in among them, and struck panic into the Argives, while he gave triumph to Hector and the Trojans. Hector let the other Danaans alone and killed no man, but drove straight at Patroclus. Patroclus then sprang from his chariot to the ground, with a spear in his left hand, and in his right a jagged stone as large as his hand could hold. He stood still and threw it, nor did it go far without hitting some one; the cast was not in vain, for the stone struck Cebriones, Hector’s charioteer, a bastard son of Priam, as he held the reins in his hands. The stone hit him on the forehead and drove his brows into his head for the bone was smashed, and his eyes fell to the ground at his feet. He dropped dead from his chariot as though he were diving, and there was no more life left in him. Over him did you then vaunt, O knight Patroclus, saying, “Bless my heart, how active he is, and how well he dives." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.746–761", "orig": "εἰ δή που καὶ πόντῳ ἐν ἰχθυόεντι γένοιτο,\nπολλοὺς ἂν κορέσειεν ἀνὴρ ὅδε τήθεα διφῶν\nνηὸς ἀποθρῴσκων, εἰ καὶ δυσπέμφελος εἴη,\nὡς νῦν ἐν πεδίῳ ἐξ ἵππων ῥεῖα κυβιστᾷ.\nἦ ῥα καὶ ἐν Τρώεσσι κυβιστητῆρες ἔασιν.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἐπὶ Κεβριόνῃ ἥρωϊ βεβήκει\nοἶμα λέοντος ἔχων, ὅς τε σταθμοὺς κεραΐζων\nἔβλητο πρὸς στῆθος, ἑή τέ μιν ὤλεσεν ἀλκή·\nὣς ἐπὶ Κεβριόνῃ Πατρόκλεες ἆλσο μεμαώς.\nἝκτωρ δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀφʼ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε.\nτὼ περὶ Κεβριόναο λέονθʼ ὣς δηρινθήτην,\nὥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇσι περὶ κταμένης ἐλάφοιο\nἄμφω πεινάοντε μέγα φρονέοντε μάχεσθον·\nὣς περὶ Κεβριόναο δύω μήστωρες ἀϋτῆς\nΠάτροκλός τε Μενοιτιάδης καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nἵεντʼ ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.", "en": "If we had been at sea this fellow would have dived from the ship’s side and brought up as many oysters as the whole crew could stomach, even in rough water, for he has dived beautifully off his chariot on to the ground. It seems, then, that there are divers also among the Trojans.”\nAs he spoke he flung himself on Cebriones with the spring, as it were, of a lion that while attacking a stockyard is himself struck in the chest, and his courage is his own bane, even so furiously, O Patroclus, did you then spring upon Cebriones. Hector sprang also from his chariot to the ground. The pair then fought over the body of Cebriones. As two lions fight fiercely on some high mountain over the body of a stag that they have killed, even so did these two mighty warriors, Patroclus son of Menoetius and brave Hector, hack and hew at one another over the corpse of Cebriones." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.762–776", "orig": "Ἕκτωρ μὲν κεφαλῆφιν ἐπεὶ λάβεν οὐχὶ μεθίει·\nΠάτροκλος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἔχεν ποδός· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι\nΤρῶες καὶ Δαναοὶ σύναγον κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην.\nὡς δʼ Εὖρός τε Νότος τʼ ἐριδαίνετον ἀλλήλοιιν\nοὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς βαθέην πελεμιζέμεν ὕλην\nφηγόν τε μελίην τε τανύφλοιόν τε κράνειαν,\nαἵ τε πρὸς ἀλλήλας ἔβαλον τανυήκεας ὄζους\nἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ, πάταγος δέ τε ἀγνυμενάων,\nὣς Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι θορόντες\nδῄουν, οὐδʼ ἕτεροι μνώοντʼ ὀλοοῖο φόβοιο.\nπολλὰ δὲ Κεβριόνην ἀμφʼ ὀξέα δοῦρα πεπήγει\nἰοί τε πτερόεντες ἀπὸ νευρῆφι θορόντες,\nπολλὰ δὲ χερμάδια μεγάλʼ ἀσπίδας ἐστυφέλιξαν\nμαρναμένων ἀμφʼ αὐτόν· ὃ δʼ ἐν στροφάλιγγι κονίης\nκεῖτο μέγας μεγαλωστί, λελασμένος ἱπποσυνάων.", "en": "Hector would not let him go when he had once got him by the head, while Patroclus kept fast hold of his feet, and a fierce fight raged between the other Danaans and Trojans. As the east and south wind buffet one another when they beat upon some dense forest on the mountains, there is beech and ash and spreading cornel; the top of the trees roar as they beat on one another, and one can hear the boughs cracking and breaking, even so did the Trojans and Achaeans spring upon one another and lay about each other, and neither side would give way. Many a pointed spear fell to ground and many a winged arrow sped from its bowstring about the body of Cebriones; many a great stone, moreover, beat on many a shield as they fought around his body, but there he lay in the whirling clouds of dust, all huge and hugely, heedless of his driving now." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.777–792", "orig": "ὄφρα μὲν Ἠέλιος μέσον οὐρανὸν ἀμφιβεβήκει,\nτόφρα μάλʼ ἀμφοτέρων βέλεʼ ἥπτετο, πῖπτε δὲ λαός·\nἦμος δʼ Ἠέλιος μετενίσετο βουλυτὸν δέ,\nκαὶ τότε δή ῥʼ ὑπὲρ αἶσαν Ἀχαιοὶ φέρτεροι ἦσαν.\nἐκ μὲν Κεβριόνην βελέων ἥρωα ἔρυσσαν\nΤρώων ἐξ ἐνοπῆς, καὶ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο,\nΠάτροκλος δὲ Τρωσὶ κακὰ φρονέων ἐνόρουσε.\nτρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπόρουσε θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ\nσμερδαλέα ἰάχων, τρὶς δʼ ἐννέα φῶτας ἔπεφνεν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος,\nἔνθʼ ἄρα τοι Πάτροκλε φάνη βιότοιο τελευτή·\nἤντετο γάρ τοι Φοῖβος ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ\nδεινός· ὃ μὲν τὸν ἰόντα κατὰ κλόνον οὐκ ἐνόησεν,\nἠέρι γὰρ πολλῇ κεκαλυμμένος ἀντεβόλησε·\nστῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν, πλῆξεν δὲ μετάφρενον εὐρέε τʼ ὤμω\nχειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ, στρεφεδίνηθεν δέ οἱ ὄσσε.", "en": "So long as the sun was still high in mid-heaven the weapons of either side were alike deadly, and the people fell; but when he went down towards the time when men loose their oxen, the Achaeans proved to be beyond all forecast stronger, so that they drew Cebriones out of range of the darts and tumult of the Trojans, and stripped the armour from his shoulders. Then Patroclus sprang like Mars with fierce intent and a terrific shout upon the Trojans, and thrice did he kill nine men; but as he was coming on like a god for a time, then, O Patroclus, was the hour of your end approaching, for Phoebus fought you in fell earnest. Patroclus did not see him as he moved about in the crush, for he was enshrouded in thick darkness, and the god struck him from behind on his back and his broad shoulders with the flat of his hand, so that his eyes turned dizzy." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.793–804", "orig": "τοῦ δʼ ἀπὸ μὲν κρατὸς κυνέην βάλε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nἣ δὲ κυλινδομένη καναχὴν ἔχε ποσσὶν ὑφʼ ἵππων\nαὐλῶπις τρυφάλεια, μιάνθησαν δὲ ἔθειραι\nαἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι· πάρος γε μὲν οὐ θέμις ἦεν\nἱππόκομον πήληκα μιαίνεσθαι κονίῃσιν,\nἀλλʼ ἀνδρὸς θείοιο κάρη χαρίεν τε μέτωπον\nῥύετʼ Ἀχιλλῆος· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς Ἕκτορι δῶκεν\nᾗ κεφαλῇ φορέειν, σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦεν ὄλεθρος.\nπᾶν δέ οἱ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἄγη δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος\nβριθὺ μέγα στιβαρὸν κεκορυθμένον· αὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων\nἀσπὶς σὺν τελαμῶνι χαμαὶ πέσε τερμιόεσσα.\nλῦσε δέ οἱ θώρηκα ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων.", "en": "Phoebus Apollo beat the helmet from off his head, and it rolled rattling off under the horses’ feet, where its horse-hair plumes were all begrimed with dust and blood. Never indeed had that helmet fared so before, for it had served to protect the head and comely forehead of the godlike hero Achilles. Now, however, Zeus delivered it over to be worn by Hector. Nevertheless the end of Hector also was near. The bronze-shod spear, so great and so strong, was broken in the hand of Patroclus, while his shield that covered him from head to foot fell to the ground as did also the band that held it, and Apollo undid the fastenings of his corslet." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.805–822", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἄτη φρένας εἷλε, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα,\nστῆ δὲ ταφών· ὄπιθεν δὲ μετάφρενον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ\nὤμων μεσσηγὺς σχεδόθεν βάλε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ\nΠανθοΐδης Εὔφορβος, ὃς ἡλικίην ἐκέκαστο\nἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε πόδεσσί τε καρπαλίμοισι·\nκαὶ γὰρ δὴ τότε φῶτας ἐείκοσι βῆσεν ἀφʼ ἵππων\nπρῶτʼ ἐλθὼν σὺν ὄχεσφι διδασκόμενος πολέμοιο·\nὅς τοι πρῶτος ἐφῆκε βέλος Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ\nοὐδὲ δάμασσʼ· ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἀνέδραμε, μίκτο δʼ ὁμίλῳ,\nἐκ χροὸς ἁρπάξας δόρυ μείλινον, οὐδʼ ὑπέμεινε\nΠάτροκλον γυμνόν περ ἐόντʼ ἐν δηϊοτῆτι.\nΠάτροκλος δὲ θεοῦ πληγῇ καὶ δουρὶ δαμασθεὶς\nἂψ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ὡς εἶδεν Πατροκλῆα μεγάθυμον\nἂψ ἀναχαζόμενον βεβλημένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nἀγχίμολόν ῥά οἱ ἦλθε κατὰ στίχας, οὖτα δὲ δουρὶ\nνείατον ἐς κενεῶνα, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε·\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, μέγα δʼ ἤκαχε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·", "en": "On this his mind became clouded; his limbs failed him, and he stood as one dazed; whereon Euphorbus son of Panthous a Dardanian, the best spearman of his time, as also the finest horseman and fleetest runner, came behind him and struck him in the back with a spear, midway between the shoulders. This man as soon as ever he had come up with his chariot had dismounted twenty men, so proficient was he in all the arts of war, he it was, O knight Patroclus, that first drove a weapon into you, but he did not quite overpower you. Euphorbus then ran back into the crowd, after drawing his ashen spear out of the wound; he would not stand firm and wait for Patroclus, unarmed though he now was, to attack him; but Patroclus unnerved, alike by the blow the god had given him and by the spear-wound, drew back under cover of his men in fear for his life. Hector on this, seeing him to be wounded and giving ground, forced his way through the ranks, and when close up with him struck him in the lower part of the belly with a spear, driving the bronze point right through it, so that he fell heavily to the ground to the great grief of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.823–842", "orig": "ὡς δʼ ὅτε σῦν ἀκάμαντα λέων ἐβιήσατο χάρμῃ,\nὥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇσι μέγα φρονέοντε μάχεσθον\nπίδακος ἀμφʼ ὀλίγης· ἐθέλουσι δὲ πιέμεν ἄμφω·\nπολλὰ δέ τʼ ἀσθμαίνοντα λέων ἐδάμασσε βίηφιν·\nὣς πολέας πεφνόντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν\nἝκτωρ Πριαμίδης σχεδὸν ἔγχεϊ θυμὸν ἀπηύρα,\nκαί οἱ ἐπευχόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΠάτροκλʼ ἦ που ἔφησθα πόλιν κεραϊξέμεν ἁμήν,\nΤρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας\nἄξειν ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nνήπιε· τάων δὲ πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι\nποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν· ἔγχεϊ δʼ αὐτὸς\nΤρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισι μεταπρέπω, ὅ σφιν ἀμύνω\nἦμαρ ἀναγκαῖον· σὲ δέ τʼ ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται.\nἆ δείλʼ, οὐδέ τοι ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν χραίσμησεν Ἀχιλλεύς,\nὅς πού τοι μάλα πολλὰ μένων ἐπετέλλετʼ ἰόντι·\nμή μοι πρὶν ἰέναι Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς πρὶν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο\nαἱματόεντα χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι.\nὥς πού σε προσέφη, σοὶ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθε.", "en": "As when a lion has fought some fierce wild boar and worsted him, the two fight furiously upon the mountains over some little fountain at which they would both drink, and the lion has beaten the boar till he can hardly breathe, even so did Hector son of Priam take the life of the brave son of Menoetius who had killed so many, striking him from close at hand, and vaunting over him the while. “Patroclus,” said he, “you deemed that you should sack our city, rob our Trojan women of their freedom, and carry them off in your ships to your own country. Fool; Hector and his fleet horses were ever straining their utmost to defend them. I am foremost of all the Trojan warriors to stave the day of bondage from off them; as for you, vultures shall devour you here. Poor wretch, Achilles with all his bravery availed you nothing; and yet I ween when you left him he charged you straitly saying, ‘Come not back to the ships, knight Patroclus, till you have rent the blood-stained shirt of murderous Hector about his body.’ Thus I ween did he charge you, and your fool’s heart answered him ‘yea’ within you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.843–854", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ·\nἤδη νῦν Ἕκτορ μεγάλʼ εὔχεο· σοὶ γὰρ ἔδωκε\nνίκην Ζεὺς Κρονίδης καὶ Ἀπόλλων, οἵ με δάμασσαν\nῥηιδίως· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο.\nτοιοῦτοι δʼ εἴ πέρ μοι ἐείκοσιν ἀντεβόλησαν,\nπάντές κʼ αὐτόθʼ ὄλοντο ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες.\nἀλλά με μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καὶ Λητοῦς ἔκτανεν υἱός,\nἀνδρῶν δʼ Εὔφορβος· σὺ δέ με τρίτος ἐξεναρίζεις.\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν·\nοὔ θην οὐδʼ αὐτὸς δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη\nἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιὴ\nχερσὶ δαμέντʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο.", "en": "Then, as the life ebbed out of you, you answered, O knight Patroclus: “Hector, vaunt as you will, for Jove the son of Saturn and Apollo have vouchsafed you victory; it is they who have vanquished me so easily, and they who have stripped the armour from my shoulders; had twenty such men as you attacked me, all of them would have fallen before my spear. Fate and the son of Leto have overpowered me, and among mortal men Euphorbus; you are yourself third only in the killing of me. I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, you too shall live but for a little season; death and the day of your doom are close upon you, and they will lay you low by the hand of Achilles son of Aeacus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 16.855–867", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψε·\nψυχὴ δʼ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδος δὲ βεβήκει\nὃν πότμον γοόωσα λιποῦσʼ ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην.\nτὸν καὶ τεθνηῶτα προσηύδα φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nΠατρόκλεις τί νύ μοι μαντεύεαι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον;\nτίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Θέτιδος πάϊς ἠϋκόμοιο\nφθήῃ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι;\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς\nεἴρυσε λὰξ προσβάς, τὸν δʼ ὕπτιον ὦσʼ ἀπὸ δουρός.\nαὐτίκα δὲ ξὺν δουρὶ μετʼ Αὐτομέδοντα βεβήκει\nἀντίθεον θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο·\nἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν· τὸν δʼ ἔκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι\nἄμβροτοι, οὓς Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.", "en": "When he had thus spoken his eyes were closed in death, his soul left his body and flitted down to the house of Hades, mourning its sad fate and bidding farewell to the youth and vigor of its manhood. Dead though he was, Hector still spoke to him saying, “Patroclus, why should you thus foretell my doom? Who knows but Achilles, son of lovely Thetis, may be smitten by my spear and die before me?”\nAs he spoke he drew the bronze spear from the wound, planting his foot upon the body, which he thrust off and let lie on its back. He then went spear in hand after Automedon, squire of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, for he longed to lay him low, but the immortal steeds which the gods had given as a rich gift to Peleus bore him swiftly from the field." } ], "17": [ { "ref": "Iliad 17.1–17", "orig": "οὐδʼ ἔλαθʼ Ἀτρέος υἱὸν ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον\nΠάτροκλος Τρώεσσι δαμεὶς ἐν δηϊοτῆτι.\nβῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ,\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ βαῖνʼ ὥς τις περὶ πόρτακι μήτηρ\nπρωτοτόκος κινυρὴ οὐ πρὶν εἰδυῖα τόκοιο·\nὣς περὶ Πατρόκλῳ βαῖνε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.\nπρόσθε δέ οἱ δόρυ τʼ ἔσχε καὶ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,\nτὸν κτάμεναι μεμαὼς ὅς τις τοῦ γʼ ἀντίος ἔλθοι.\nοὐδʼ ἄρα Πάνθου υἱὸς ἐϋμμελίης ἀμέλησε\nΠατρόκλοιο πεσόντος ἀμύμονος· ἄγχι δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτοῦ\nἔστη, καὶ προσέειπεν ἀρηΐφιλον Μενέλαον·\nἈτρεΐδη Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ὄρχαμε λαῶν\nχάζεο, λεῖπε δὲ νεκρόν, ἔα δʼ ἔναρα βροτόεντα·\nοὐ γάρ τις πρότερος Τρώων κλειτῶν τʼ ἐπικούρων\nΠάτροκλον βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην·\nτώ με ἔα κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρέσθαι,\nμή σε βάλω, ἀπὸ δὲ μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἕλωμαι.", "en": "Brave Menelaus son of Atreus now came to know that Patroclus had fallen, and made his way through the front ranks clad in full armour to bestride him. As a cow stands lowing over her first calf, even so did yellow-haired Menelaus bestride Patroclus. He held his round shield and his spear in front of him, resolute to kill any who should dare face him. But the son of Panthous had also noted the body, and came up to Menelaus saying, “Menelaus, son of Atreus, draw back, leave the body, and let the blood-stained spoils be. I was first of the Trojans and their brave allies to drive my spear into Patroclus, let me, therefore, have my full glory among the Trojans, or I will take aim and kill you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.18–33", "orig": "τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·\nΖεῦ πάτερ οὐ μὲν καλὸν ὑπέρβιον εὐχετάασθαι.\nοὔτʼ οὖν παρδάλιος τόσσον μένος οὔτε λέοντος\nοὔτε συὸς κάπρου ὀλοόφρονος, οὗ τε μέγιστος\nθυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσι περὶ σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνει,\nὅσσον Πάνθου υἷες ἐϋμμελίαι φρονέουσιν.\nοὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ βίη Ὑπερήνορος ἱπποδάμοιο\nἧς ἥβης ἀπόνηθʼ, ὅτε μʼ ὤνατο καί μʼ ὑπέμεινε\nκαί μʼ ἔφατʼ ἐν Δαναοῖσιν ἐλέγχιστον πολεμιστὴν\nἔμμεναι· οὐδέ ἕ φημι πόδεσσί γε οἷσι κιόντα\nεὐφρῆναι ἄλοχόν τε φίλην κεδνούς τε τοκῆας.\nὥς θην καὶ σὸν ἐγὼ λύσω μένος εἴ κέ μευ ἄντα\nστήῃς· ἀλλά σʼ ἔγωγʼ ἀναχωρήσαντα κελεύω\nἐς πληθὺν ἰέναι, μηδʼ ἀντίος ἵστασʼ ἐμεῖο\nπρίν τι κακὸν παθέειν· ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω.\nὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὐ πεῖθεν· ἀμειβόμενος δὲ προσηύδα·", "en": "To this Menelaus answered in great anger “By father Jove, boasting is an ill thing. The pard is not more bold, nor the lion nor savage wild boar, which is fiercest and most dauntless of all creatures, than are the proud sons of Panthous. Yet Hyperenor did not see out the days of his youth when he made light of me and withstood me, deeming me the meanest soldier among the Danaans. His own feet never bore him back to gladden his wife and parents. Even so shall I make an end of you too, if you withstand me; get you back into the crowd and do not face me, or it shall be worse for you. Even a fool may be wise after the event.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.34–52", "orig": "νῦν μὲν δὴ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ἦ μάλα τείσεις\nγνωτὸν ἐμὸν τὸν ἔπεφνες, ἐπευχόμενος δʼ ἀγορεύεις,\nχήρωσας δὲ γυναῖκα μυχῷ θαλάμοιο νέοιο,\nἀρητὸν δὲ τοκεῦσι γόον καὶ πένθος ἔθηκας.\nἦ κέ σφιν δειλοῖσι γόου κατάπαυμα γενοίμην\nεἴ κεν ἐγὼ κεφαλήν τε τεὴν καὶ τεύχεʼ ἐνείκας\nΠάνθῳ ἐν χείρεσσι βάλω καὶ Φρόντιδι δίῃ.\nἀλλʼ οὐ μὰν ἔτι δηρὸν ἀπείρητος πόνος ἔσται\nοὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀδήριτος ἤτʼ ἀλκῆς ἤτε φόβοιο.\nὣς εἰπὼν οὔτησε κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην·\nοὐδʼ ἔρρηξεν χαλκός, ἀνεγνάμφθη δέ οἱ αἰχμὴ\nἀσπίδʼ ἐνὶ κρατερῇ· ὃ δὲ δεύτερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ\nἈτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἐπευξάμενος Διὶ πατρί·\nἂψ δʼ ἀναχαζομένοιο κατὰ στομάχοιο θέμεθλα\nνύξʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ αὐτὸς ἔρεισε βαρείῃ χειρὶ πιθήσας·\nἀντικρὺ δʼ ἁπαλοῖο διʼ αὐχένος ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή,\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.\nαἵματί οἱ δεύοντο κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι\nπλοχμοί θʼ, οἳ χρυσῷ τε καὶ ἀργύρῳ ἐσφήκωντο.", "en": "Euphorbus would not listen, and said, “Now indeed, Menelaus, shall you pay for the death of my brother over whom you vaunted, and whose wife you widowed in her bridal chamber, while you brought grief unspeakable on his parents. I shall comfort these poor people if I bring your head and armour and place them in the hands of Panthous and noble Phrontis. The time is come when this matter shall be fought out and settled, for me or against me.”\nAs he spoke he struck Menelaus full on the shield, but the spear did not go through, for the shield turned its point. Menelaus then took aim, praying to father Jove as he did so; Euphorbus was drawing back, and Menelaus struck him about the roots of his throat, leaning his whole weight on the spear, so as to drive it home. The point went clean through his neck, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. His hair which was like that of the Graces, and his locks so deftly bound in bands of silver and gold, were all bedrabbled with blood." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.53–69", "orig": "οἷον δὲ τρέφει ἔρνος ἀνὴρ ἐριθηλὲς ἐλαίης\nχώρῳ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ, ὅθʼ ἅλις ἀναβέβροχεν ὕδωρ,\nκαλὸν τηλεθάον· τὸ δέ τε πνοιαὶ δονέουσι\nπαντοίων ἀνέμων, καί τε βρύει ἄνθεϊ λευκῷ·\nἐλθὼν δʼ ἐξαπίνης ἄνεμος σὺν λαίλαπι πολλῇ\nβόθρου τʼ ἐξέστρεψε καὶ ἐξετάνυσσʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ·\nτοῖον Πάνθου υἱὸν ἐϋμμελίην Εὔφορβον\nἈτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἐπεὶ κτάνε τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τίς τε λέων ὀρεσίτροφος ἀλκὶ πεποιθὼς\nβοσκομένης ἀγέλης βοῦν ἁρπάσῃ ἥ τις ἀρίστη·\nτῆς δʼ ἐξ αὐχένʼ ἔαξε λαβὼν κρατεροῖσιν ὀδοῦσι\nπρῶτον, ἔπειτα δέ θʼ αἷμα καὶ ἔγκατα πάντα λαφύσσει\nδῃῶν· ἀμφὶ δὲ τόν γε κύνες τʼ ἄνδρές τε νομῆες\nπολλὰ μάλʼ ἰύζουσιν ἀπόπροθεν οὐδʼ ἐθέλουσιν\nἀντίον ἐλθέμεναι· μάλα γὰρ χλωρὸν δέος αἱρεῖ·\nὣς τῶν οὔ τινι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐτόλμα\nἀντίον ἐλθέμεναι Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο.", "en": "As one who has grown a fine young olive tree in a clear space where there is abundance of water, the plant is full of promise, and though the winds beat upon it from every quarter it puts forth its white blossoms till the blasts of some fierce hurricane sweep down upon it and level it with the ground, even so did Menelaus strip the fair youth Euphorbus of his armour after he had slain him. Or as some fierce lion upon the mountains in the pride of his strength fastens on the finest heifer in a herd as it is feeding, first he breaks her neck with his strong jaws, and then gorges on her blood and entrails; dogs and shepherds raise a hue and cry against him, but they stand aloof and will not come close to him, for they are pale with fear, even so no one had the courage to face valiant Menelaus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.70–86", "orig": "ἔνθά κε ῥεῖα φέροι κλυτὰ τεύχεα Πανθοΐδαο\nἈτρεΐδης, εἰ μή οἱ ἀγάσσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nὅς ῥά οἱ Ἕκτορʼ ἐπῶρσε θοῷ ἀτάλαντον Ἄρηϊ\nἀνέρι εἰσάμενος Κικόνων ἡγήτορι Μέντῃ·\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἝκτορ νῦν σὺ μὲν ὧδε θέεις ἀκίχητα διώκων\nἵππους Αἰακίδαο δαΐφρονος· οἳ δʼ ἀλεγεινοὶ\nἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι δαμήμεναι ἠδʼ ὀχέεσθαι\nἄλλῳ γʼ ἢ Ἀχιλῆϊ, τὸν ἀθανάτη τέκε μήτηρ.\nτόφρα δέ τοι Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος Ἀτρέος υἱὸς\nΠατρόκλῳ περιβὰς Τρώων τὸν ἄριστον ἔπεφνε\nΠανθοΐδην Εὔφορβον, ἔπαυσε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς.\nὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἔβη θεὸς ἂμ πόνον ἀνδρῶν,\nἝκτορα δʼ αἰνὸν ἄχος πύκασε φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας·\nπάπτηνεν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα κατὰ στίχας, αὐτίκα δʼ ἔγνω\nτὸν μὲν ἀπαινύμενον κλυτὰ τεύχεα, τὸν δʼ ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nκείμενον· ἔρρει δʼ αἷμα κατʼ οὐταμένην ὠτειλήν.", "en": "The son of Atreus would have then carried off the armour of the son of Panthous with ease, had not Phoebus Apollo been angry, and in the guise of Mentes chief of the Cicons incited Hector to attack him. “Hector,” said he, “you are now going after the horses of the noble son of Aeacus, but you will not take them; they cannot be kept in hand and driven by mortal man, save only by Achilles, who is son to an immortal mother. Meanwhile Menelaus son of Atreus has bestridden the body of Patroclus and killed the noblest of the Trojans, Euphorbus son of Panthous, so that he can fight no more.”\nThe god then went back into the toil and turmoil, but the soul of Hector was darkened with a cloud of grief; he looked along the ranks and saw Euphorbus lying on the ground with the blood still flowing from his wound, and Menelaus stripping him of his armour." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.87–105", "orig": "βῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ\nὀξέα κεκλήγων φλογὶ εἴκελος Ἡφαίστοιο\nἀσβέστῳ· οὐδʼ υἱὸν λάθεν Ἀτρέος ὀξὺ βοήσας·\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·\nὤ μοι ἐγὼν εἰ μέν κε λίπω κάτα τεύχεα καλὰ\nΠάτροκλόν θʼ, ὃς κεῖται ἐμῆς ἕνεκʼ ἐνθάδε τιμῆς,\nμή τίς μοι Δαναῶν νεμεσήσεται ὅς κεν ἴδηται.\nεἰ δέ κεν Ἕκτορι μοῦνος ἐὼν καὶ Τρωσὶ μάχωμαι\nαἰδεσθείς, μή πώς με περιστήωσʼ ἕνα πολλοί·\nΤρῶας δʼ ἐνθάδε πάντας ἄγει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.\nἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;\nὁππότʼ ἀνὴρ ἐθέλῃ πρὸς δαίμονα φωτὶ μάχεσθαι\nὅν κε θεὸς τιμᾷ, τάχα οἱ μέγα πῆμα κυλίσθη.\nτώ μʼ οὔ τις Δαναῶν νεμεσήσεται ὅς κεν ἴδηται\nἝκτορι χωρήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ ἐκ θεόφιν πολεμίζει.\nεἰ δέ που Αἴαντός γε βοὴν ἀγαθοῖο πυθοίμην,\nἄμφω κʼ αὖτις ἰόντες ἐπιμνησαίμεθα χάρμης\nκαὶ πρὸς δαίμονά περ, εἴ πως ἐρυσαίμεθα νεκρὸν\nΠηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ· κακῶν δέ κε φέρτατον εἴη.", "en": "On this he made his way to the front like a flame of fire, clad in his gleaming armour, and crying with a loud voice. When the son of Atreus heard him, he said to himself in his dismay, “Alas! what shall I do? I may not let the Trojans take the armour of Patroclus who has fallen fighting on my behalf, lest some Danaan who sees me should cry shame upon me. Still if for my honour’s sake I fight Hector and the Trojans single-handed, they will prove too many for me, for Hector is bringing them up in force. Why, however, should I thus hesitate? When a man fights in despite of heaven with one whom a god befriends, he will soon rue it. Let no Danaan think ill of me if I give place to Hector, for the hand of heaven is with him. Yet, if I could find Ajax, the two of us would fight Hector and heaven too, if we might only save the body of Patroclus for Achilles son of Peleus. This, of many evils would be the least.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.106–127", "orig": "εἷος ὁ ταῦθʼ ὅρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν\nτόφρα δʼ ἐπὶ Τρώων στίχες ἤλυθον· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ.\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐξοπίσω ἀνεχάζετο, λεῖπε δὲ νεκρὸν\nἐντροπαλιζόμενος ὥς τε λὶς ἠϋγένειος,\nὅν ῥα κύνες τε καὶ ἄνδρες ἀπὸ σταθμοῖο δίωνται\nἔγχεσι καὶ φωνῇ· τοῦ δʼ ἐν φρεσὶν ἄλκιμον ἦτορ\nπαχνοῦται, ἀέκων δέ τʼ ἔβη ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο·\nὣς ἀπὸ Πατρόκλοιο κίε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.\nστῆ δὲ μεταστρεφθεὶς ἐπεὶ ἵκετο ἔθνος ἑταίρων\nπαπταίνων Αἴαντα μέγαν Τελαμώνιον υἱόν.\nτὸν δὲ μάλʼ αἶψʼ ἐνόησε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ πάσης\nθαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι·\nθεσπέσιον γάρ σφιν φόβον ἔμβαλε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nβῆ δὲ θέειν, εἶθαρ δὲ παριστάμενος ἔπος ηὔδα.\nΑἶαν δεῦρο πέπον, περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος\nσπεύσομεν, αἴ κε νέκυν περ Ἀχιλλῆϊ προφέρωμεν\nγυμνόν· ἀτὰρ τά γε τεύχεʼ ἔχει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, Αἴαντι δὲ δαΐφρονι θυμὸν ὄρινε·\nβῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων, ἅμα δὲ ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.\nἝκτωρ μὲν Πάτροκλον ἐπεὶ κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἀπηύρα,\nἕλχʼ ἵνʼ ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν κεφαλὴν τάμοι ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nτὸν δὲ νέκυν Τρῳῇσιν ἐρυσσάμενος κυσὶ δοίη.", "en": "While he was thus in two minds, the Trojans came up to him with Hector at their head; he therefore drew back and left the body, turning about like some bearded lion who is being chased by dogs and men from a stockyard with spears and hue and cry, whereon he is daunted and slinks sulkily off, even so did Menelaus son of Atreus turn and leave the body of Patroclus. When among the body of his men, he looked around for mighty Ajax son of Telamon, and presently saw him on the extreme left of the fight, cheering on his men and exhorting them to keep on fighting, for Phoebus Apollo had spread a great panic among them. He ran up to him and said, “Ajax, my good friend, come with me at once to dead Patroclus, if so be that we may take the body to Achilles, as for his armour, Hector already has it.”\nThese words stirred the heart of Ajax, and he made his way among the front ranks, Menelaus going with him. Hector had stripped Patroclus of his armour, and was dragging him away to cut off his head and take the body to fling before the dogs of Troy." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.128–148", "orig": "Αἴας δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε φέρων σάκος ἠΰτε πύργον·\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἂψ ἐς ὅμιλον ἰὼν ἀνεχάζεθʼ ἑταίρων,\nἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀνόρουσε· δίδου δʼ ὅ γε τεύχεα καλὰ\nΤρωσὶ φέρειν προτὶ ἄστυ, μέγα κλέος ἔμμεναι αὐτῷ.\nΑἴας δʼ ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ σάκος εὐρὺ καλύψας\nἑστήκει ὥς τίς τε λέων περὶ οἷσι τέκεσσιν,\nᾧ ῥά τε νήπιʼ ἄγοντι συναντήσωνται ἐν ὕλῃ\nἄνδρες ἐπακτῆρες· ὃ δέ τε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνει,\nπᾶν δέ τʼ ἐπισκύνιον κάτω ἕλκεται ὄσσε καλύπτων·\nὣς Αἴας περὶ Πατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ βεβήκει.\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀρηΐφιλος Μενέλαος\nἑστήκει, μέγα πένθος ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀέξων.\nΓλαῦκος δʼ Ἱππολόχοιο πάϊς Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀνδρῶν\nἝκτορʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν χαλεπῷ ἠνίπαπε μύθῳ·\nἝκτορ εἶδος ἄριστε μάχης ἄρα πολλὸν ἐδεύεο.\nἦ σʼ αὔτως κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἔχει φύξηλιν ἐόντα.\nφράζεο νῦν ὅππως κε πόλιν καὶ ἄστυ σαώσῃς\nοἶος σὺν λαοῖς τοὶ Ἰλίῳ ἐγγεγάασιν·\nοὐ γάρ τις Λυκίων γε μαχησόμενος Δαναοῖσιν\nεἶσι περὶ πτόλιος, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν\nμάρνασθαι δηΐοισιν ἐπʼ ἀνδράσι νωλεμὲς αἰεί.", "en": "But Ajax came up with his shield like wall before him, on which Hector withdrew under shelter of his men, and sprang on to his chariot, giving the armour over to the Trojans to take to the city, as a great trophy for himself; Ajax, therefore, covered the body of Patroclus with his broad shield and bestrode him; as a lion stands over his whelps if hunters have come upon him in a forest when he is with his little ones, in the pride and fierceness of his strength he draws his knit brows down till they cover his eyes, even so did Ajax bestride the body of Patroclus, and by his side stood Menelaus son of Atreus, nursing great sorrow in his heart.\nThen Glaucus son of Hippolochus looked fiercely at Hector and rebuked him sternly. “Hector,” said he, “you make a brave show, but in fight you are sadly wanting. A runaway like yourself has no claim to so great a reputation. Think how you may now save your town and citadel by the hands of your own people born in Ilius; for you will get no Lycians to fight for you, seeing what thanks they have had for their incessant hardships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.149–168", "orig": "πῶς κε σὺ χείρονα φῶτα σαώσειας μεθʼ ὅμιλον\nσχέτλιʼ, ἐπεὶ Σαρπηδόνʼ ἅμα ξεῖνον καὶ ἑταῖρον\nκάλλιπες Ἀργείοισιν ἕλωρ καὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι,\nὅς τοι πόλλʼ ὄφελος γένετο πτόλεΐ τε καὶ αὐτῷ\nζωὸς ἐών· νῦν δʼ οὔ οἱ ἀλαλκέμεναι κύνας ἔτλης.\nτὼ νῦν εἴ τις ἐμοὶ Λυκίων ἐπιπείσεται ἀνδρῶν\nοἴκαδʼ ἴμεν, Τροίῃ δὲ πεφήσεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.\nεἰ γὰρ νῦν Τρώεσσι μένος πολυθαρσὲς ἐνείη\nἄτρομον, οἷόν τʼ ἄνδρας ἐσέρχεται οἳ περὶ πάτρης\nἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι πόνον καὶ δῆριν ἔθεντο,\nαἶψά κε Πάτροκλον ἐρυσαίμεθα Ἴλιον εἴσω.\nεἰ δʼ οὗτος προτὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος\nἔλθοι τεθνηὼς καί μιν ἐρυσαίμεθα χάρμης,\nαἶψά κεν Ἀργεῖοι Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ\nλύσειαν, καί κʼ αὐτὸν ἀγοίμεθα Ἴλιον εἴσω·\nτοίου γὰρ θεράπων πέφατʼ ἀνέρος, ὃς μέγʼ ἄριστος\nἈργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ καὶ ἀγχέμαχοι θεράποντες.\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ Αἴαντος μεγαλήτορος οὐκ ἐτάλασσας\nστήμεναι ἄντα κατʼ ὄσσε ἰδὼν δηΐων ἐν ἀϋτῇ,\nοὐδʼ ἰθὺς μαχέσασθαι, ἐπεὶ σέο φέρτερός ἐστι.", "en": "Are you likely, sir, to do anything to help a man of less note, after leaving Sarpedon, who was at once your guest and comrade in arms, to be the spoil and prey of the Danaans? So long as he lived he did good service both to your city and yourself; yet you had no stomach to save his body from the dogs. If the Lycians will listen to me, they will go home and leave Troy to its fate. If the Trojans had any of that daring fearless spirit which lays hold of men who are fighting for their country and harassing those who would attack it, we should soon bear off Patroclus into Ilius. Could we get this dead man away and bring him into the city of Priam, the Argives would readily give up the armour of Sarpedon, and we should get his body to boot. For he whose squire has been now killed is the foremost man at the ships of the Achaeans, he and his close fighting followers. Nevertheless you dared not make a stand against Ajax, nor face him, eye to eye, with battle all round you, for he is a braver man than you are.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.169–182", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΓλαῦκε τί ἢ δὲ σὺ τοῖος ἐὼν ὑπέροπλον ἔειπες;\nὢ πόποι ἦ τʼ ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων\nτῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ἐριβώλακα ναιετάουσι·\nνῦν δέ σευ ὠνοσάμην πάγχυ φρένας οἷον ἔειπες,\nὅς τέ με φῂς Αἴαντα πελώριον οὐχ ὑπομεῖναι.\nοὔ τοι ἐγὼν ἔρριγα μάχην οὐδὲ κτύπον ἵππων·\nἀλλʼ αἰεί τε Διὸς κρείσσων νόος αἰγιόχοιο,\nὅς τε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ καὶ ἀφείλετο νίκην\nῥηϊδίως, ὁτὲ δʼ αὐτὸς ἐποτρύνει μαχέσασθαι.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο πέπον, παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵστασο καὶ ἴδε ἔργον,\nἠὲ πανημέριος κακὸς ἔσσομαι, ὡς ἀγορεύεις,\nἦ τινα καὶ Δαναῶν ἀλκῆς μάλα περ μεμαῶτα\nσχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος.", "en": "Hector scowled at him and answered, “Glaucus, you should know better. I have held you so far as a man of more understanding than any in all Lycia, but now I despise you for saying that I am afraid of Ajax. I fear neither battle nor the din of chariots, but Jove’s will is stronger than ours; Jove at one time makes even a strong man draw back and snatches victory from his grasp, while at another he will set him on to fight. Come hither then, my friend, stand by me and see indeed whether I shall play the coward the whole day through as you say, or whether I shall not stay some even of the boldest Danaans from fighting round the body of Patroclus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.183–197", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν Τρώεσσιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nΤρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταί,\nἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς,\nὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼν Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος ἔντεα δύω\nκαλά, τὰ Πατρόκλοιο βίην ἐνάριξα κατακτάς.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nδηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο· θέων δʼ ἐκίχανεν ἑταίρους\nὦκα μάλʼ οὔ πω τῆλε ποσὶ κραιπνοῖσι μετασπών,\nοἳ προτὶ ἄστυ φέρον κλυτὰ τεύχεα Πηλεΐωνος.\nστὰς δʼ ἀπάνευθε μάχης πολυδακρύου ἔντεʼ ἄμειβεν·\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν τὰ ἃ δῶκε φέρειν προτὶ Ἴλιον ἱρὴν\nΤρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἄμβροτα τεύχεα δῦνε\nΠηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος ἅ οἱ θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες\nπατρὶ φίλῳ ἔπορον· ὃ δʼ ἄρα ᾧ παιδὶ ὄπασσε\nγηράς· ἀλλʼ οὐχ υἱὸς ἐν ἔντεσι πατρὸς ἐγήρα.", "en": "As he spoke he called loudly on the Trojans saying, “Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians, fighters in close combat, be men, my friends, and fight might and main, while I put on the goodly armour of Achilles, which I took when I killed Patroclus.”\nWith this Hector left the fight, and ran full speed after his men who were taking the armour of Achilles to Troy, but had not yet got far. Standing for a while apart from the woeful fight, he changed his armour. His own he sent to the strong city of Ilius and to the Trojans, while he put on the immortal armour of the son of Peleus, which the gods had given to Peleus, who in his age gave it to his son; but the son did not grow old in his father’s armour." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.198–214", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἀπάνευθεν ἴδεν νεφεληγερέτα Ζεὺς\nτεύχεσι Πηλεΐδαο κορυσσόμενον θείοιο,\nκινήσας ῥα κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·\nἆ δείλʼ οὐδέ τί τοι θάνατος καταθύμιός ἐστιν\nὃς δή τοι σχεδὸν εἶσι· σὺ δʼ ἄμβροτα τεύχεα δύνεις\nἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι·\nτοῦ δὴ ἑταῖρον ἔπεφνες ἐνηέα τε κρατερόν τε,\nτεύχεα δʼ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον ἀπὸ κρατός τε καὶ ὤμων\nεἵλευ· ἀτάρ τοι νῦν γε μέγα κράτος ἐγγυαλίξω,\nτῶν ποινὴν ὅ τοι οὔ τι μάχης ἐκνοστήσαντι\nδέξεται Ἀνδρομάχη κλυτὰ τεύχεα Πηλεΐωνος.\nἦ καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε Κρονίων.\nἝκτορι δʼ ἥρμοσε τεύχεʼ ἐπὶ χροΐ, δῦ δέ μιν Ἄρης\nδεινὸς ἐνυάλιος, πλῆσθεν δʼ ἄρα οἱ μέλεʼ ἐντὸς\nἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος· μετὰ δὲ κλειτοὺς ἐπικούρους\nβῆ ῥα μέγα ἰάχων· ἰνδάλλετο δέ σφισι πᾶσι\nτεύχεσι λαμπόμενος μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος.", "en": "When Jove, lord of the storm-cloud, saw Hector standing aloof and arming himself in the armour of the son of Peleus, he wagged his head and muttered to himself saying, “A! poor wretch, you arm in the armour of a hero, before whom many another trembles, and you reck nothing of the doom that is already close upon you. You have killed his comrade so brave and strong, but it was not well that you should strip the armour from his head and shoulders. I do indeed endow you with great might now, but as against this you shall not return from battle to lay the armour of the son of Peleus before Andromache.”\nThe son of Saturn bowed his portentous brows, and Hector fitted the armour to his body, while terrible Mars entered into him, and filled his whole body with might and valour. With a shout he strode in among the allies, and his armour flashed about him so that he seemed to all of them like the great son of Peleus himself." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.215–232", "orig": "ὄτρυνεν δὲ ἕκαστον ἐποιχόμενος ἐπέεσσι\nΜέσθλην τε Γλαῦκόν τε Μέδοντά τε Θερσίλοχόν τε\nἈστεροπαῖόν τε Δεισήνορά θʼ Ἱππόθοόν τε\nΦόρκυν τε Χρομίον τε καὶ Ἔννομον οἰωνιστήν·\nτοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nκέκλυτε μυρία φῦλα περικτιόνων ἐπικούρων·\nοὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ πληθὺν διζήμενος οὐδὲ χατίζων\nἐνθάδʼ ἀφʼ ὑμετέρων πολίων ἤγειρα ἕκαστον,\nἀλλʼ ἵνα μοι Τρώων ἀλόχους καὶ νήπια τέκνα\nπροφρονέως ῥύοισθε φιλοπτολέμων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν.\nτὰ φρονέων δώροισι κατατρύχω καὶ ἐδωδῇ\nλαούς, ὑμέτερον δὲ ἑκάστου θυμὸν ἀέξω.\nτώ τις νῦν ἰθὺς τετραμμένος ἢ ἀπολέσθω\nἠὲ σαωθήτω· ἣ γὰρ πολέμου ὀαριστύς.\nὃς δέ κε Πάτροκλον καὶ τεθνηῶτά περ ἔμπης\nΤρῶας ἐς ἱπποδάμους ἐρύσῃ, εἴξῃ δέ οἱ Αἴας,\nἥμισυ τῷ ἐνάρων ἀποδάσσομαι, ἥμισυ δʼ αὐτὸς\nἕξω ἐγώ· τὸ δέ οἱ κλέος ἔσσεται ὅσσον ἐμοί περ.", "en": "He went about among them and cheered them on, Mesthles, Glaucus, Medon, Thersilochus, Asteropaeus, Deisenor and Hippothous, Phorcys, Chromius and Ennomus the augur. All these did he exhort saying, “Hear me, allies from other cities who are here in your thousands, it was not in order to have a crowd about me that I called you hither each from his several city, but that with heart and soul you might defend the wives and little ones of the Trojans from the fierce Achaeans. For this do I oppress my people with your food and the presents that make you rich. Therefore turn, and charge at the foe, to stand or fall as is the game of war; whoever shall bring Patroclus, dead though he be, into the hands of the Trojans, and shall make Ajax give way before him, I will give him one half of the spoils while I keep the other. He will thus share like honour with myself.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.233–245", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν βρίσαντες ἔβησαν\nδούρατʼ ἀνασχόμενοι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς\nνεκρὸν ὑπʼ Αἴαντος ἐρύειν Τελαμωνιάδαο\nνήπιοι· ἦ τε πολέσσιν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ θυμὸν ἀπηύρα.\nκαὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Αἴας εἶπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον·\nὦ πέπον ὦ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς οὐκέτι νῶϊ\nἔλπομαι αὐτώ περ νοστησέμεν ἐκ πολέμοιο.\nοὔ τι τόσον νέκυος περιδείδια Πατρόκλοιο,\nὅς κε τάχα Τρώων κορέει κύνας ἠδʼ οἰωνούς,\nὅσσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ περιδείδια μή τι πάθῃσι,\nκαὶ σῇ, ἐπεὶ πολέμοιο νέφος περὶ πάντα καλύπτει\nἝκτωρ, ἡμῖν δʼ αὖτʼ ἀναφαίνεται αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος.\nἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἀριστῆας Δαναῶν κάλει, ἤν τις ἀκούσῃ.", "en": "When he had thus spoken they charged full weight upon the Danaans with their spears held out before them, and the hopes of each ran high that he should force Ajax son of Telamon to yield up the body, fools that they were, for he was about to take the lives of many. Then Ajax said to Menelaus, “My good friend Menelaus, you and I shall hardly come out of this fight alive. I am less concerned for the body of Patroclus, who will shortly become meat for the dogs and vultures of Troy, than for the safety of my own head and yours. Hector has wrapped us round in a storm of battle from every quarter, and our destruction seems now certain. Call then upon the princes of the Danaans if there is any who can hear us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.246–261", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος,\nἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nοἵ τε παρʼ Ἀτρεΐδῃς Ἀγαμέμνονι καὶ Μενελάῳ\nδήμια πίνουσιν καὶ σημαίνουσιν ἕκαστος\nλαοῖς· ἐκ δὲ Διὸς τιμὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ.\nἀργαλέον δέ μοί ἐστι διασκοπιᾶσθαι ἕκαστον\nἡγεμόνων· τόσση γὰρ ἔρις πολέμοιο δέδηεν·\nἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω, νεμεσιζέσθω δʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ\nΠάτροκλον Τρῳῇσι κυσὶν μέλπηθρα γενέσθαι.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, ὀξὺ δʼ ἄκουσεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας·\nπρῶτος δʼ ἀντίος ἦλθε θέων ἀνὰ δηϊοτῆτα,\nτὸν δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος\nΜηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ.\nτῶν δʼ ἄλλων τίς κεν ᾗσι φρεσὶν οὐνόματʼ εἴποι,\nὅσσοι δὴ μετόπισθε μάχην ἤγειραν Ἀχαιῶν;", "en": "Menelaus did as he said, and shouted to the Danaans for help at the top of his voice. “My friends,” he cried, “princes and counsellors of the Argives, all you who with Agamemnon and Menelaus drink at the public cost, and give orders each to his own people as Jove vouchsafes him power and glory, the fight is so thick about me that I cannot distinguish you severally; come on, therefore, every man unbidden, and think it shame that Patroclus should become meat and morsel for Trojan hounds.”\nFleet Ajax son of Oileus heard him and was first to force his way through the fight and run to help him. Next came Idomeneus and Meriones his esquire, peer of murderous Mars. As for the others that came into the fight after these, who of his own self could name them?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.262–273", "orig": "Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν ἀολλέες· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτωρ.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐπὶ προχοῇσι διιπετέος ποταμοῖο\nβέβρυχεν μέγα κῦμα ποτὶ ῥόον, ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἄκραι\nἠϊόνες βοόωσιν ἐρευγομένης ἁλὸς ἔξω,\nτόσσῃ ἄρα Τρῶες ἰαχῇ ἴσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἕστασαν ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχοντες\nφραχθέντες σάκεσιν χαλκήρεσιν· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρά σφι\nλαμπρῇσιν κορύθεσσι Κρονίων ἠέρα πολλὴν\nχεῦʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ Μενοιτιάδην ἔχθαιρε πάρος γε,\nὄφρα ζωὸς ἐὼν θεράπων ἦν Αἰακίδαο·\nμίσησεν δʼ ἄρα μιν δηΐων κυσὶ κύρμα γενέσθαι\nΤρῳῇσιν· τὼ καί οἱ ἀμυνέμεν ὦρσεν ἑταίρους.", "en": "The Trojans with Hector at their head charged in a body. As a great wave that comes thundering in at the mouth of some heaven-born river, and the rocks that jut into the sea ring with the roar of the breakers that beat and buffet them, even with such a roar did the Trojans come on; but the Achaeans in singleness of heart stood firm about the son of Menoetius, and fenced him with their bronze shields. Jove, moreover, hid the brightness of their helmets in a thick cloud, for he had borne no grudge against the son of Menoetius while he was still alive and squire to the descendant of Aeacus; therefore he was loth to let him fall a prey to the dogs of his foes the Trojans, and urged his comrades on to defend him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.274–294", "orig": "ὦσαν δὲ πρότεροι Τρῶες ἑλίκωπας Ἀχαιούς·\nνεκρὸν δὲ προλιπόντες ὑπέτρεσαν, οὐδέ τινʼ αὐτῶν\nΤρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι ἕλον ἔγχεσιν ἱέμενοί περ,\nἀλλὰ νέκυν ἐρύοντο· μίνυνθα δὲ καὶ τοῦ Ἀχαιοὶ\nμέλλον ἀπέσσεσθαι· μάλα γάρ σφεας ὦκʼ ἐλέλιξεν\nΑἴας, ὃς περὶ μὲν εἶδος, περὶ δʼ ἔργα τέτυκτο\nτῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα.\nἴθυσεν δὲ διὰ προμάχων συῒ εἴκελος ἀλκὴν\nκαπρίῳ, ὅς τʼ ἐν ὄρεσσι κύνας θαλερούς τʼ αἰζηοὺς\nῥηϊδίως ἐκέδασσεν, ἑλιξάμενος διὰ βήσσας·\nὣς υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ἀγαυοῦ φαίδιμος Αἴας\nῥεῖα μετεισάμενος Τρώων ἐκέδασσε φάλαγγας\nοἳ περὶ Πατρόκλῳ βέβασαν, φρόνεον δὲ μάλιστα\nἄστυ πότι σφέτερον ἐρύειν καὶ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι.\nἤτοι τὸν Λήθοιο Πελασγοῦ φαίδιμος υἱὸς\nἹππόθοος ποδὸς ἕλκε κατὰ κρατερὴν ὑσμίνην\nδησάμενος τελαμῶνι παρὰ σφυρὸν ἀμφὶ τένοντας\nἝκτορι καὶ Τρώεσσι χαριζόμενος· τάχα δʼ αὐτῷ\nἦλθε κακόν, τό οἱ οὔ τις ἐρύκακεν ἱεμένων περ.\nτὸν δʼ υἱὸς Τελαμῶνος ἐπαΐξας διʼ ὁμίλου\nπλῆξʼ αὐτοσχεδίην κυνέης διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου·", "en": "At first the Trojans drove the Achaeans back, and they withdrew from the dead man daunted. The Trojans did not succeed in killing any one, nevertheless they drew the body away. But the Achaeans did not lose it long, for Ajax, foremost of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus alike in stature and prowess, quickly rallied them and made towards the front like a wild boar upon the mountains when he stands at bay in the forest glades and routs the hounds and lusty youths that have attacked him, even so did Ajax son of Telamon passing easily in among the phalanxes of the Trojans, disperse those who had bestridden Patroclus and were most bent on winning glory by dragging him off to their city. At this moment Hippothous brave son of the Pelasgian Lethus, in his zeal for Hector and the Trojans, was dragging the body off by the foot through the press of the fight, having bound a strap round the sinews near the ancle; but a mischief soon befell him from which none of those could save him who would have gladly done so, for the son of Telamon sprang forward and smote him on his bronze-cheeked helmet." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.295–310", "orig": "ἤρικε δʼ ἱπποδάσεια κόρυς περὶ δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ\nπληγεῖσʼ ἔγχεΐ τε μεγάλῳ καὶ χειρὶ παχείῃ,\nἐγκέφαλος δὲ παρʼ αὐλὸν ἀνέδραμεν ἐξ ὠτειλῆς\nαἱματόεις· τοῦ δʼ αὖθι λύθη μένος, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα χειρῶν\nΠατρόκλοιο πόδα μεγαλήτορος ἧκε χαμᾶζε\nκεῖσθαι· ὃ δʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτοῖο πέσε πρηνὴς ἐπὶ νεκρῷ\nτῆλʼ ἀπὸ Λαρίσης ἐριβώλακος, οὐδὲ τοκεῦσι\nθρέπτρα φίλοις ἀπέδωκε, μινυνθάδιος δέ οἱ αἰὼν\nἔπλεθʼ ὑπʼ Αἴαντος μεγαθύμου δουρὶ δαμέντι.\nἝκτωρ δʼ αὖτʼ Αἴαντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ·\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος\nτυτθόν· ὃ δὲ Σχεδίον μεγαθύμου Ἰφίτου υἱὸν\nΦωκήων ὄχʼ ἄριστον, ὃς ἐν κλειτῷ Πανοπῆϊ\nοἰκία ναιετάασκε πολέσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἀνάσσων,\nτὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ κληῗδα μέσην· διὰ δʼ ἀμπερὲς ἄκρη\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη παρὰ νείατον ὦμον ἀνέσχε·", "en": "The plumed headpiece broke about the point of the weapon, struck at once by the spear and by the strong hand of Ajax, so that the bloody brain came oozing out through the crest-socket. His strength then failed him and he let Patroclus’ foot drop from his hand, as he fell full length dead upon the body; thus he died far from the fertile land of Larissa, and never repaid his parents the cost of bringing him up, for his life was cut short early by the spear of mighty Ajax. Hector then took aim at Ajax with a spear, but he saw it coming and just managed to avoid it; the spear passed on and struck Schedius son of noble Iphitus, captain of the Phoceans, who dwelt in famed Panopeus and reigned over much people; it struck him under the middle of the collar-bone the bronze point went right through him, coming out at the bottom of his shoulder-blade, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.311–325", "orig": "δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.\nΑἴας δʼ αὖ Φόρκυνα δαΐφρονα Φαίνοπος υἱὸν\nἹπποθόῳ περιβάντα μέσην κατὰ γαστέρα τύψε·\nῥῆξε δὲ θώρηκος γύαλον, διὰ δʼ ἔντερα χαλκὸς\nἤφυσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι πεσὼν ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ.\nχώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nἈργεῖοι δὲ μέγα ἴαχον, ἐρύσαντο δὲ νεκροὺς\nΦόρκυν θʼ Ἱππόθοόν τε, λύοντο δὲ τεύχεʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων.\nἔνθά κεν αὖτε Τρῶες ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν\nἼλιον εἰσανέβησαν ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντες,\nἈργεῖοι δέ κε κῦδος ἕλον καὶ ὑπὲρ Διὸς αἶσαν\nκάρτεϊ καὶ σθένεϊ σφετέρῳ· ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς Ἀπόλλων\nΑἰνείαν ὄτρυνε δέμας Περίφαντι ἐοικὼς\nκήρυκι Ἠπυτίδῃ, ὅς οἱ παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι\nκηρύσσων γήρασκε φίλα φρεσὶ μήδεα εἰδώς·", "en": "Ajax in his turn struck noble Phorcys son of Phaenops in the middle of the belly as he was bestriding Hippothous, and broke the plate of his cuirass; whereon the spear tore out his entrails and he clutched the ground in his palm as he fell to earth. Hector and those who were in the front rank then gave ground, while the Argives raised a loud cry of triumph, and drew off the bodies of Phorcys and Hippothous which they stripped presently of their armour.\nThe Trojans would now have been worsted by the brave Achaeans and driven back to Ilius through their own cowardice, while the Argives, so great was their courage and endurance, would have achieved a triumph even against the will of Jove, if Apollo had not roused Aeneas, in the likeness of Periphas son of Epytus, an attendant who had grown old in the service of Aeneas’ aged father, and was at all times devoted to him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.326–341", "orig": "τῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·\nΑἰνεία πῶς ἂν καὶ ὑπὲρ θεὸν εἰρύσσαισθε\nἼλιον αἰπεινήν; ὡς δὴ ἴδον ἀνέρας ἄλλους\nκάρτεΐ τε σθένεΐ τε πεποιθότας ἠνορέῃ τε\nπλήθεΐ τε σφετέρῳ καὶ ὑπερδέα δῆμον ἔχοντας·\nἡμῖν δὲ Ζεὺς μὲν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι\nνίκην· ἀλλʼ αὐτοὶ τρεῖτʼ ἄσπετον οὐδὲ μάχεσθε.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, Αἰνείας δʼ ἑκατηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα\nἔγνω ἐς ἄντα ἰδών, μέγα δʼ Ἕκτορα εἶπε βοήσας·\nἝκτόρ τʼ ἠδʼ ἄλλοι Τρώων ἀγοὶ ἠδʼ ἐπικούρων\nαἰδὼς μὲν νῦν ἥδε γʼ ἀρηϊφίλων ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν\nἼλιον εἰσαναβῆναι ἀναλκείῃσι δαμέντας.\nἀλλʼ ἔτι γάρ τίς φησι θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγχι παραστὰς\nΖῆνʼ ὕπατον μήστωρα μάχης ἐπιτάρροθον εἶναι·\nτώ ῥʼ ἰθὺς Δαναῶν ἴομεν, μηδʼ οἵ γε ἕκηλοι\nΠάτροκλον νηυσὶν πελασαίατο τεθνηῶτα.", "en": "In his likeness, then, Apollo said, “Aeneas, can you not manage, even though heaven be against us, to save high Ilius? I have known men, whose numbers, courage, and self-reliance have saved their people in spite of Jove, whereas in this case he would much rather give victory to us than to the Danaans, if you would only fight instead of being so terribly afraid.”\nAeneas knew Apollo when he looked straight at him, and shouted to Hector saying, “Hector and all other Trojans and allies, shame on us if we are beaten by the Achaeans and driven back to Ilius through our own cowardice. A god has just come up to me and told me that Jove the supreme disposer will be with us. Therefore let us make for the Danaans, that it may go hard with them ere they bear away dead Patroclus to the ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.342–365", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, καί ῥα πολὺ προμάχων ἐξάλμενος ἔστη·\nοἳ δʼ ἐλελίχθησαν καὶ ἐναντίοι ἔσταν Ἀχαιῶν.\nἔνθʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας Λειώκριτον οὔτασε δουρὶ\nυἱὸν Ἀρίσβαντος Λυκομήδεος ἐσθλὸν ἑταῖρον.\nτὸν δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρηΐφιλος Λυκομήδης,\nστῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ἰών, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ,\nκαὶ βάλεν Ἱππασίδην Ἀπισάονα ποιμένα λαῶν\nἧπαρ ὑπὸ πραπίδων, εἶθαρ δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν,\nὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Παιονίης ἐριβώλακος εἰληλούθει,\nκαὶ δὲ μετʼ Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι.\nτὸν δὲ πεσόντʼ ἐλέησεν ἀρήϊος Ἀστεροπαῖος,\nἴθυσεν δὲ καὶ ὃ πρόφρων Δαναοῖσι μάχεσθαι·\nἀλλʼ οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε· σάκεσσι γὰρ ἔρχατο πάντῃ\nἑσταότες περὶ Πατρόκλῳ, πρὸ δὲ δούρατʼ ἔχοντο.\nΑἴας γὰρ μάλα πάντας ἐπῴχετο πολλὰ κελεύων·\nοὔτέ τινʼ ἐξοπίσω νεκροῦ χάζεσθαι ἀνώγει\nοὔτέ τινα προμάχεσθαι Ἀχαιῶν ἔξοχον ἄλλων,\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ βεβάμεν, σχεδόθεν δὲ μάχεσθαι.\nὣς Αἴας ἐπέτελλε πελώριος, αἵματι δὲ χθὼν\nδεύετο πορφυρέῳ, τοὶ δʼ ἀγχιστῖνοι ἔπιπτον\nνεκροὶ ὁμοῦ Τρώων καὶ ὑπερμενέων ἐπικούρων\nκαὶ Δαναῶν· οὐδʼ οἳ γὰρ ἀναιμωτί γε μάχοντο,\nπαυρότεροι δὲ πολὺ φθίνυθον· μέμνηντο γὰρ αἰεὶ\nἀλλήλοις ἀνʼ ὅμιλον ἀλεξέμεναι φόνον αἰπύν.", "en": "As he spoke he sprang out far in front of the others, who then rallied and again faced the Achaeans. Aeneas speared Leiocritus son of Arisbas, a valiant follower of Lycomedes, and Lycomedes was moved with pity as he saw him fall; he therefore went close up, and speared Apisaon son of Hippasus shepherd of his people in the liver under the midriff, so that he died; he had come from fertile Paeonia and was the best man of them all after Asteropaeus. Asteropaeus flew forward to avenge him and attack the Danaans, but this might no longer be, inasmuch as those about Patroclus were well covered by their shields, and held their spears in front of them, for Ajax had given them strict orders that no man was either to give ground, or to stand out before the others, but all were to hold well together about the body and fight hand to hand. Thus did huge Ajax bid them, and the earth ran red with blood as the corpses fell thick on one another alike on the side of the Trojans and allies, and on that of the Danaans; for these last, too, fought no bloodless fight though many fewer of them perished, through the care they took to defend and stand by one another." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.366–383", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρός, οὐδέ κε φαίης\nοὔτέ ποτʼ ἠέλιον σῶν ἔμμεναι οὔτε σελήνην·\nἠέρι γὰρ κατέχοντο μάχης ἐπί θʼ ὅσσον ἄριστοι\nἕστασαν ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδῃ κατατεθνηῶτι.\nοἳ δʼ ἄλλοι Τρῶες καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nεὔκηλοι πολέμιζον ὑπʼ αἰθέρι, πέπτατο δʼ αὐγὴ\nἠελίου ὀξεῖα, νέφος δʼ οὐ φαίνετο πάσης\nγαίης οὐδʼ ὀρέων· μεταπαυόμενοι δὲ μάχοντο\nἀλλήλων ἀλεείνοντες βέλεα στονόεντα\nπολλὸν ἀφεσταότες. τοὶ δʼ ἐν μέσῳ ἄλγεʼ ἔπασχον\nἠέρι καὶ πολέμῳ, τείροντο δὲ νηλέϊ χαλκῷ\nὅσσοι ἄριστοι ἔσαν· δύο δʼ οὔ πω φῶτε πεπύσθην\nἀνέρε κυδαλίμω Θρασυμήδης Ἀντίλοχός τε\nΠατρόκλοιο θανόντος ἀμύμονος, ἀλλʼ ἔτʼ ἔφαντο\nζωὸν ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ Τρώεσσι μάχεσθαι.\nτὼ δʼ ἐπιοσσομένω θάνατον καὶ φύζαν ἑταίρων\nνόσφιν ἐμαρνάσθην, ἐπεὶ ὣς ἐπετέλλετο Νέστωρ\nὀτρύνων πόλεμον δὲ μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν.", "en": "Thus did they fight as it were a flaming fire; it seemed as though it had gone hard even with the sun and moon, for they were hidden over all that part where the bravest heroes were fighting about the dead son of Menoetius, whereas the other Danaans and Achaeans fought at their ease in full daylight with brilliant sunshine all round them, and there was not a cloud to be seen neither on plain nor mountain. These last moreover would rest for a while and leave off fighting, for they were some distance apart and beyond the range of one another’s weapons, whereas those who were in the thick of the fray suffered both from battle and darkness. All the best of them were being worn out by the great weight of their armour, but the two valiant heroes, Thrasymedes and Antilochus, had not yet heard of the death of Patroclus, and believed him to be still alive and leading the van against the Trojans; they were keeping themselves in reserve against the death or rout of their own comrades, for so Nestor had ordered when he sent them from the ships into battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.384–399", "orig": "τοῖς δὲ πανημερίοις ἔριδος μέγα νεῖκος ὀρώρει\nἀργαλέης· καμάτῳ δὲ καὶ ἱδρῷ νωλεμὲς αἰεὶ\nγούνατά τε κνῆμαί τε πόδες θʼ ὑπένερθεν ἑκάστου\nχεῖρές τʼ ὀφθαλμοί τε παλάσσετο μαρναμένοιιν\nἀμφʼ ἀγαθὸν θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ταύροιο βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην\nλαοῖσιν δώῃ τανύειν μεθύουσαν ἀλοιφῇ·\nδεξάμενοι δʼ ἄρα τοί γε διαστάντες τανύουσι\nκυκλόσʼ, ἄφαρ δέ τε ἰκμὰς ἔβη, δύνει δέ τʼ ἀλοιφὴ\nπολλῶν ἑλκόντων, τάνυται δέ τε πᾶσα διὰ πρό·\nὣς οἵ γʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα νέκυν ὀλίγῃ ἐνὶ χώρῃ\nεἵλκεον ἀμφότεροι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς\nΤρωσὶν μὲν ἐρύειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· περὶ δʼ αὐτοῦ μῶλος ὀρώρει\nἄγριος· οὐδέ κʼ Ἄρης λαοσσόος οὐδέ κʼ Ἀθήνη\nτόν γε ἰδοῦσʼ ὀνόσαιτʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ μάλα μιν χόλος ἵκοι·", "en": "Thus through the livelong day did they wage fierce war, and the sweat of their toil rained ever on their legs under them, and on their hands and eyes, as they fought over the squire of the fleet son of Peleus. It was as when a man gives a great ox-hide all drenched in fat to his men, and bids them stretch it; whereon they stand round it in a ring and tug till the moisture leaves it, and the fat soaks in for the many that pull at it, and it is well stretched, even so did the two sides tug the dead body hither and thither within the compass of but a little space, the Trojans steadfastly set on dragging it into Ilius, while the Achaeans were no less so on taking it to their ships; and fierce was the fight between them. Not Mars himself the lord of hosts, nor yet Minerva, even in their fullest fury could make light of such a battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.400–419", "orig": "τοῖον Ζεὺς ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ ἵππων\nἤματι τῷ ἐτάνυσσε κακὸν πόνον· οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι\nᾔδεε Πάτροκλον τεθνηότα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nπολλὸν γὰρ ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν μάρναντο θοάων\nτείχει ὕπο Τρώων· τό μιν οὔ ποτε ἔλπετο θυμῷ\nτεθνάμεν, ἀλλὰ ζωὸν ἐνιχριμφθέντα πύλῃσιν\nἂψ ἀπονοστήσειν, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τὸ ἔλπετο πάμπαν\nἐκπέρσειν πτολίεθρον ἄνευ ἕθεν, οὐδὲ σὺν αὐτῷ·\nπολλάκι γὰρ τό γε μητρὸς ἐπεύθετο νόσφιν ἀκούων,\nἥ οἱ ἀπαγγέλλεσκε Διὸς μεγάλοιο νόημα.\nδὴ τότε γʼ οὔ οἱ ἔειπε κακὸν τόσον ὅσσον ἐτύχθη\nμήτηρ, ὅττί ῥά οἱ πολὺ φίλτατος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος.\nοἳ δʼ αἰεὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ἀκαχμένα δούρατʼ ἔχοντες\nνωλεμὲς ἐγχρίμπτοντο καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐνάριζον·\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·\nὦ φίλοι οὐ μὰν ἧμιν ἐϋκλεὲς ἀπονέεσθαι\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ γαῖα μέλαινα\nπᾶσι χάνοι· τό κεν ἧμιν ἄφαρ πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη\nεἰ τοῦτον Τρώεσσι μεθήσομεν ἱπποδάμοισιν\nἄστυ πότι σφέτερον ἐρύσαι καὶ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι.", "en": "Such fearful turmoil of men and horses did Jove on that day ordain round the body of Patroclus. Meanwhile Achilles did not know that he had fallen, for the fight was under the wall of Troy a long way off the ships. He had no idea, therefore, that Patroclus was dead, and deemed that he would return alive as soon as he had gone close up to the gates. He knew that he was not to sack the city neither with nor without himself, for his mother had often told him this when he had sat alone with her, and she had informed him of the counsels of great Jove. Now, however, she had not told him how great a disaster had befallen him in the death of the one who was far dearest to him of all his comrades.\nThe others still kept on charging one another round the body with their pointed spears and killing each other. Then would one say, “My friends, we can never again show our faces at the ships, better, and greatly better, that earth should open and swallow us here in this place, than that we should let the Trojans have the triumph of bearing off Patroclus to their city.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.420–440", "orig": "ὣς δέ τις αὖ Τρώων μεγαθύμων αὐδήσασκεν·\nὦ φίλοι, εἰ καὶ μοῖρα παρʼ ἀνέρι τῷδε δαμῆναι\nπάντας ὁμῶς, μή πώ τις ἐρωείτω πολέμοιο.\nὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε, μένος δʼ ὄρσασκεν ἑκάστου.\nὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο, σιδήρειος δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς\nχάλκεον οὐρανὸν ἷκε διʼ αἰθέρος ἀτρυγέτοιο·\nἵπποι δʼ Αἰακίδαο μάχης ἀπάνευθεν ἐόντες\nκλαῖον, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα πυθέσθην ἡνιόχοιο\nἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο.\nἦ μὰν Αὐτομέδων Διώρεος ἄλκιμος υἱὸς\nπολλὰ μὲν ἂρ μάστιγι θοῇ ἐπεμαίετο θείνων,\nπολλὰ δὲ μειλιχίοισι προσηύδα, πολλὰ δʼ ἀρειῇ·\nτὼ δʼ οὔτʼ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἐπὶ πλατὺν Ἑλλήσποντον\nἠθελέτην ἰέναι οὔτʼ ἐς πόλεμον μετʼ Ἀχαιούς,\nἀλλʼ ὥς τε στήλη μένει ἔμπεδον, ἥ τʼ ἐπὶ τύμβῳ\nἀνέρος ἑστήκῃ τεθνηότος ἠὲ γυναικός,\nὣς μένον ἀσφαλέως περικαλλέα δίφρον ἔχοντες\nοὔδει ἐνισκίμψαντε καρήατα· δάκρυα δέ σφι\nθερμὰ κατὰ βλεφάρων χαμάδις ῥέε μυρομένοισιν\nἡνιόχοιο πόθῳ· θαλερὴ δʼ ἐμιαίνετο χαίτη\nζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγὸν ἀμφοτέρωθεν.", "en": "The Trojans also on their part spoke to one another saying, “Friends, though we fall to a man beside this body, let none shrink from fighting.” With such words did they exhort each other. They fought and fought, and an iron clank rose through the void air to the brazen vault of heaven. The horses of the descendant of Aeacus stood out of the fight and wept when they heard that their driver had been laid low by the hand of murderous Hector. Automedon, valiant son of Diores, lashed them again and again; many a time did he speak kindly to them, and many a time did he upbraid them, but they would neither go back to the ships by the waters of the broad Hellespont, nor yet into battle among the Achaeans; they stood with their chariot stock still, as a pillar set over the tomb of some dead man or woman, and bowed their heads to the ground. Hot tears fell from their eyes as they mourned the loss of their charioteer, and their noble manes drooped all wet from under the yoke-straps on either side the yoke." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.441–455", "orig": "μυρομένω δʼ ἄρα τώ γε ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρονίων,\nκινήσας δὲ κάρη προτὶ ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν·\nἆ δειλώ, τί σφῶϊ δόμεν Πηλῆϊ ἄνακτι\nθνητῷ, ὑμεῖς δʼ ἐστὸν ἀγήρω τʼ ἀθανάτω τε;\nἦ ἵνα δυστήνοισι μετʼ ἀνδράσιν ἄλγεʼ ἔχητον;\nοὐ μὲν γάρ τί πού ἐστιν ὀϊζυρώτερον ἀνδρὸς\nπάντων, ὅσσά τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει.\nἀλλʼ οὐ μὰν ὑμῖν γε καὶ ἅρμασι δαιδαλέοισιν\nἝκτωρ Πριαμίδης ἐποχήσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω.\nἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὡς καὶ τεύχεʼ ἔχει καὶ ἐπεύχεται αὔτως;\nσφῶϊν δʼ ἐν γούνεσσι βαλῶ μένος ἠδʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ,\nὄφρα καὶ Αὐτομέδοντα σαώσετον ἐκ πολέμοιο\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· ἔτι γάρ σφισι κῦδος ὀρέξω\nκτείνειν, εἰς ὅ κε νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους ἀφίκωνται\nδύῃ τʼ ἠέλιος καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἱερὸν ἔλθῃ·", "en": "The son of Saturn saw them and took pity upon their sorrow. He wagged his head, and muttered to himself, saying, “Poor things, why did we give you to King Peleus who is a mortal, while you are yourselves ageless and immortal? Was it that you might share the sorrows that befall mankind? for of all creatures that live and move upon the earth there is none so pitiable as he is, still, Hector son of Priam shall drive neither you nor your chariot. I will not have it. It is enough that he should have the armour over which he vaunts so vainly. Furthermore I will give you strength of heart and limb to bear Automedon safely to the ships from battle, for I shall let the Trojans triumph still further, and go on killing till they reach the ships; whereon night shall fall and darkness overshadow the land.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.456–473", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐνέπνευσεν μένος ἠΰ.\nτὼ δʼ ἀπὸ χαιτάων κονίην οὖδας δὲ βαλόντε\nῥίμφα φέρον θοὸν ἅρμα μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς.\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αὐτομέδων μάχετʼ ἀχνύμενός περ ἑταίρου\nἵπποις ἀΐσσων ὥς τʼ αἰγυπιὸς μετὰ χῆνας·\nῥέα μὲν γὰρ φεύγεσκεν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων ὀρυμαγδοῦ,\nῥεῖα δʼ ἐπαΐξασκε πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀπάζων.\nἀλλʼ οὐχ ᾕρει φῶτας ὅτε σεύαιτο διώκειν·\nοὐ γάρ πως ἦν οἶον ἐόνθʼ ἱερῷ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ\nἔγχει ἐφορμᾶσθαι καὶ ἐπίσχειν ὠκέας ἵππους.\nὀψὲ δὲ δή μιν ἑταῖρος ἀνὴρ ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν\nἈλκιμέδων υἱὸς Λαέρκεος Αἱμονίδαο·\nστῆ δʼ ὄπιθεν δίφροιο καὶ Αὐτομέδοντα προσηύδα·\nΑὐτόμεδον, τίς τοί νυ θεῶν νηκερδέα βουλὴν\nἐν στήθεσσιν ἔθηκε, καὶ ἐξέλετο φρένας ἐσθλάς;\nοἷον πρὸς Τρῶας μάχεαι πρώτῳ ἐν ὁμίλῳ\nμοῦνος· ἀτάρ τοι ἑταῖρος ἀπέκτατο, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ\nαὐτὸς ἔχων ὤμοισιν ἀγάλλεται Αἰακίδαο.", "en": "As he spoke he breathed heart and strength into the horses so that they shook the dust from out of their manes, and bore their chariot swiftly into the fight that raged between Trojans and Achaeans. Behind them fought Automedon full of sorrow for his comrade, as a vulture amid a flock of geese. In and out, and here and there, full speed he dashed amid the throng of the Trojans, but for all the fury of his pursuit he killed no man, for he could not wield his spear and keep his horses in hand when alone in the chariot; at last, however, a comrade, Alcimedon, son of Laerces son of Haemon caught sight of him and came up behind his chariot. “Automedon,” said he, “what god has put this folly into your heart and robbed you of your right mind, that you fight the Trojans in the front rank single-handed? He who was your comrade is slain, and Hector plumes himself on being armed in the armour of the descendant of Aeacus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.474–487", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Αὐτομέδων προσέφη Διώρεος υἱός·\nἈλκίμεδον τίς γάρ τοι Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ὁμοῖος\nἵππων ἀθανάτων ἐχέμεν δμῆσίν τε μένος τε,\nεἰ μὴ Πάτροκλος θεόφιν μήστωρ ἀτάλαντος\nζωὸς ἐών; νῦν αὖ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κιχάνει.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα\nδέξαι, ἐγὼ δʼ ἵππων ἀποβήσομαι, ὄφρα μάχωμαι.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀλκιμέδων δὲ βοηθόον ἅρμʼ ἐπορούσας\nκαρπαλίμως μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσίν,\nΑὐτομέδων δʼ ἀπόρουσε· νόησε δὲ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ,\nαὐτίκα δʼ Αἰνείαν προσεφώνεεν ἐγγὺς ἐόντα·\nΑἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε χαλκοχιτώνων\nἵππω τώδʼ ἐνόησα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο\nἐς πόλεμον προφανέντε σὺν ἡνιόχοισι κακοῖσι·", "en": "Automedon son of Diores answered, “Alcimedon, there is no one else who can control and guide the immortal steeds so well as you can, save only Patroclus, while he was alive, peer of gods in counsel. Take then the whip and reins, while I go down from the car and fight.”\nAlcimedon sprang on to the chariot, and caught up the whip and reins, while Automedon leaped from off the car. When Hector saw him he said to Aeneas who was near him, “Aeneas, counsellor of the mail-clad Trojans, I see the steeds of the fleet son of Aeacus come into battle with weak hands to drive them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.488–506", "orig": "τώ κεν ἐελποίμην αἱρησέμεν, εἰ σύ γε θυμῷ\nσῷ ἐθέλεις, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐφορμηθέντε γε νῶϊ\nτλαῖεν ἐναντίβιον στάντες μαχέσασθαι Ἄρηϊ.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἐῢς πάϊς Ἀγχίσαο.\nτὼ δʼ ἰθὺς βήτην βοέῃς εἰλυμένω ὤμους\nαὔῃσι στερεῇσι· πολὺς δʼ ἐπελήλατο χαλκός.\nτοῖσι δʼ ἅμα Χρομίος τε καὶ Ἄρητος θεοειδὴς\nἤϊσαν ἀμφότεροι· μάλα δέ σφισιν ἔλπετο θυμὸς\nαὐτώ τε κτενέειν ἐλάαν τʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους\nνήπιοι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἀναιμωτί γε νέεσθαι\nαὖτις ἀπʼ Αὐτομέδοντος. ὃ δʼ εὐξάμενος Διὶ πατρὶ\nἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος πλῆτο φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας·\nαὐτίκα δʼ Ἀλκιμέδοντα προσηύδα πιστὸν ἑταῖρον·\nἈλκίμεδον μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους,\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐμπνείοντε μεταφρένῳ· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε\nἝκτορα Πριαμίδην μένεος σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω,\nπρίν γʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος καλλίτριχε βήμεναι ἵππω\nνῶϊ κατακτείναντα, φοβῆσαί τε στίχας ἀνδρῶν\nἈργείων, ἤ κʼ αὐτὸς ἐνὶ πρώτοισιν ἁλοίη.", "en": "I am sure, if you think well, that we might take them; they will not dare face us if we both attack them.”\nThe valiant son of Anchises was of the same mind, and the pair went right on, with their shoulders covered under shields of tough dry ox-hide, overlaid with much bronze. Chromius and Aretus went also with them, and their hearts beat high with hope that they might kill the men and capture the horses, fools that they were, for they were not to return scatheless from their meeting with Automedon, who prayed to father Jove and was forthwith filled with courage and strength abounding. He turned to his trusty comrade Alcimedon and said, “Alcimedon, keep your horses so close up that I may feel their breath upon my back; I doubt that we shall not stay Hector son of Priam till he has killed us and mounted behind the horses; he will then either spread panic among the ranks of the Achaeans, or himself be killed among the foremost.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.507–525", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν Αἴαντε καλέσσατο καὶ Μενέλαον·\nΑἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε καὶ Μενέλαε\nἤτοι μὲν τὸν νεκρὸν ἐπιτράπεθʼ οἵ περ ἄριστοι\nἀμφʼ αὐτῷ βεβάμεν καὶ ἀμύνεσθαι στίχας ἀνδρῶν,\nνῶϊν δὲ ζωοῖσιν ἀμύνετε νηλεὲς ἦμαρ·\nτῇδε γὰρ ἔβρισαν πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα\nἝκτωρ Αἰνείας θʼ, οἳ Τρώων εἰσὶν ἄριστοι.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται·\nἥσω γὰρ καὶ ἐγώ, τὰ δέ κεν Διὶ πάντα μελήσει.\nἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ βάλεν Ἀρήτοιο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην·\nἣ δʼ οὐκ ἔγχος ἔρυτο, διὰ πρὸ δὲ εἴσατο χαλκός,\nνειαίρῃ δʼ ἐν γαστρὶ διὰ ζωστῆρος ἔλασσεν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ὀξὺν ἔχων πέλεκυν αἰζήϊος ἀνὴρ\nκόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο\nἶνα τάμῃ διὰ πᾶσαν, ὃ δὲ προθορὼν ἐρίπῃσιν,\nὣς ἄρʼ ὅ γε προθορὼν πέσεν ὕπτιος· ἐν δέ οἱ ἔγχος\nνηδυίοισι μάλʼ ὀξὺ κραδαινόμενον λύε γυῖα.\nἝκτωρ δʼ Αὐτομέδοντος ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ·", "en": "On this he cried out to the two Ajaxes and Menelaus, “Ajaxes captains of the Argives, and Menelaus, give the dead body over to them that are best able to defend it, and come to the rescue of us living; for Hector and Aeneas who are the two best men among the Trojans, are pressing us hard in the full tide of war. Nevertheless the issue lies on the lap of heaven, I will therefore hurl my spear and leave the rest to Jove.”\nHe poised and hurled as he spoke, whereon the spear struck the round shield of Aretus, and went right through it for the shield stayed it not, so that it was driven through his belt into the lower part of his belly. As when some sturdy youth, axe in hand, deals his blow behind the horns of an ox and severs the tendons at the back of its neck so that it springs forward and then drops, even so did Aretus give one bound and then fall on his back the spear quivering in his body till it made an end of him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.526–542", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος·\nπρόσσω γὰρ κατέκυψε, τὸ δʼ ἐξόπιθεν δόρυ μακρὸν\nοὔδει ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐπὶ δʼ οὐρίαχος πελεμίχθη\nἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης.\nκαί νύ κε δὴ ξιφέεσσʼ αὐτοσχεδὸν ὁρμηθήτην\nεἰ μή σφωʼ Αἴαντε διέκριναν μεμαῶτε,\nοἵ ῥʼ ἦλθον καθʼ ὅμιλον ἑταίρου κικλήσκοντος·\nτοὺς ὑποταρβήσαντες ἐχώρησαν πάλιν αὖτις\nἝκτωρ Αἰνείας τʼ ἠδὲ Χρομίος θεοειδής,\nἌρητον δὲ κατʼ αὖθι λίπον δεδαϊγμένον ἦτορ\nκείμενον· Αὐτομέδων δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ\nτεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·\nἦ δὴ μὰν ὀλίγον γε Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος\nκῆρ ἄχεος μεθέηκα χερείονά περ καταπέφνων.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἐς δίφρον ἑλὼν ἔναρα βροτόεντα\nθῆκʼ, ἂν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔβαινε πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν\nαἱματόεις ὥς τίς τε λέων κατὰ ταῦρον ἐδηδώς.", "en": "Hector then aimed a spear at Automedon but he saw it coming and stooped forward to avoid it, so that it flew past him and the point stuck in the ground, while the butt-end went on quivering till Mars robbed it of its force. They would then have fought hand to hand with swords had not the two Ajaxes forced their way through the crowd when they heard their comrade calling, and parted them for all their fury, for Hector, Aeneas, and Chromius were afraid and drew back, leaving Aretus to lie there struck to the heart. Automedon, peer of fleet Mars, then stripped him of his armour and vaunted over him saying, “I have done little to assuage my sorrow for the son of Menoetius, for the man I have killed is not so good as he was.”\nAs he spoke he took the blood-stained spoils and laid them upon his chariot; then he mounted the car with his hands and feet all steeped in gore as a lion that has been gorging upon a bull." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.543–560", "orig": "ἂψ δʼ ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ τέτατο κρατερὴ ὑσμίνη\nἀργαλέη πολύδακρυς, ἔγειρε δὲ νεῖκος Ἀθήνη\nοὐρανόθεν καταβᾶσα· προῆκε γὰρ εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς\nὀρνύμεναι Δαναούς· δὴ γὰρ νόος ἐτράπετʼ αὐτοῦ.\nἠΰτε πορφυρέην ἶριν θνητοῖσι τανύσσῃ\nΖεὺς ἐξ οὐρανόθεν τέρας ἔμμεναι ἢ πολέμοιο\nἢ καὶ χειμῶνος δυσθαλπέος, ὅς ῥά τε ἔργων\nἀνθρώπους ἀνέπαυσεν ἐπὶ χθονί, μῆλα δὲ κήδει,\nὣς ἣ πορφυρέῃ νεφέλῃ πυκάσασα ἓ αὐτὴν\nδύσετʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἔθνος, ἔγειρε δὲ φῶτα ἕκαστον.\nπρῶτον δʼ Ἀτρέος υἱὸν ἐποτρύνουσα προσηύδα\nἴφθιμον Μενέλαον· ὃ γάρ ῥά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦεν·\nεἰσαμένη Φοίνικι δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν·\nσοὶ μὲν δὴ Μενέλαε κατηφείη καὶ ὄνειδος\nἔσσεται εἴ κʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀγαυοῦ πιστὸν ἑταῖρον\nτείχει ὕπο Τρώων ταχέες κύνες ἑλκήσουσιν.\nἀλλʼ ἔχεο κρατερῶς, ὄτρυνε δὲ λαὸν ἅπαντα.\nτὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος·", "en": "And now the fierce groanful fight again raged about Patroclus, for Minerva came down from heaven and roused its fury by the command of far-seeing Jove, who had changed his mind and sent her to encourage the Danaans. As when Jove bends his bright bow in heaven in token to mankind either of war or of the chill storms that stay men from their labour and plague the flocks, even so, wrapped in such radiant raiment, did Minerva go in among the host and speak man by man to each. First she took the form and voice of Phoenix and spoke to Menelaus son of Atreus, who was standing near her. “Menelaus,” said she, “it will be shame and dishonour to you, if dogs tear the noble comrade of Achilles under the walls of Troy. Therefore be staunch, and urge your men to be so also.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.561–581", "orig": "Φοῖνιξ ἄττα γεραιὲ παλαιγενές, εἰ γὰρ Ἀθήνη\nδοίη κάρτος ἐμοί, βελέων δʼ ἀπερύκοι ἐρωήν·\nτώ κεν ἔγωγʼ ἐθέλοιμι παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν\nΠατρόκλῳ· μάλα γάρ με θανὼν ἐσεμάσσατο θυμόν.\nἀλλʼ Ἕκτωρ πυρὸς αἰνὸν ἔχει μένος, οὐδʼ ἀπολήγει\nχαλκῷ δηϊόων· τῷ γὰρ Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει.\nὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,\nὅττί ῥά οἱ πάμπρωτα θεῶν ἠρήσατο πάντων.\nἐν δὲ βίην ὤμοισι καὶ ἐν γούνεσσιν ἔθηκε,\nκαί οἱ μυίης θάρσος ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐνῆκεν,\nἥ τε καὶ ἐργομένη μάλα περ χροὸς ἀνδρομέοιο\nἰσχανάᾳ δακέειν, λαρόν τέ οἱ αἷμʼ ἀνθρώπου·\nτοίου μιν θάρσευς πλῆσε φρένας ἀμφὶ μελαίνας,\nβῆ δʼ ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ, καὶ ἀκόντισε δουρὶ φαεινῷ.\nἔσκε δʼ ἐνὶ Τρώεσσι Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος\nἀφνειός τʼ ἀγαθός τε· μάλιστα δέ μιν τίεν Ἕκτωρ\nδήμου, ἐπεί οἱ ἑταῖρος ἔην φίλος εἰλαπιναστής·\nτόν ῥα κατὰ ζωστῆρα βάλε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος\nἀΐξαντα φόβον δέ, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε·\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ἀτὰρ Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος\nνεκρὸν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων ἔρυσεν μετὰ ἔθνος ἑταίρων.", "en": "Menelaus answered, “Phoenix, my good old friend, may Minerva vouchsafe me strength and keep the darts from off me, for so shall I stand by Patroclus and defend him; his death has gone to my heart, but Hector is as a raging fire and deals his blows without ceasing, for Jove is now granting him a time of triumph.”\nMinerva was pleased at his having named herself before any of the other gods. Therefore she put strength into his knees and shoulders, and made him as bold as a fly, which, though driven off will yet come again and bite if it can, so dearly does it love man’s blood, even so bold as this did she make him as he stood over Patroclus and threw his spear. Now there was among the Trojans a man named Podes, son of Eetion, who was both rich and valiant. Hector held him in the highest honour for he was his comrade and boon companion; the spear of Menelaus struck this man in the girdle just as he had turned in flight, and went right through him. Whereon he fell heavily forward, and Menelaus son of Atreus drew off his body from the Trojans into the ranks of his own people." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.582–596", "orig": "Ἕκτορα δʼ ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενος ὄτρυνεν Ἀπόλλων\nΦαίνοπι Ἀσιάδῃ ἐναλίγκιος, ὅς οἱ ἁπάντων\nξείνων φίλτατος ἔσκεν Ἀβυδόθι οἰκία ναίων·\nτῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·\nἝκτορ τίς κέ σʼ ἔτʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν ταρβήσειεν;\nοἷον δὴ Μενέλαον ὑπέτρεσας, ὃς τὸ πάρος γε\nμαλθακὸς αἰχμητής· νῦν δʼ οἴχεται οἶος ἀείρας\nνεκρὸν ὑπʼ ἐκ Τρώων, σὸν δʼ ἔκτανε πιστὸν ἑταῖρον\nἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι Ποδῆν υἱὸν Ἠετίωνος.\nὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα,\nβῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.\nκαὶ τότʼ ἄρα Κρονίδης ἕλετʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν\nμαρμαρέην, Ἴδην δὲ κατὰ νεφέεσσι κάλυψεν,\nἀστράψας δὲ μάλα μεγάλʼ ἔκτυπε, τὴν δὲ τίναξε,\nνίκην δὲ Τρώεσσι δίδου, ἐφόβησε δʼ Ἀχαιούς.", "en": "Apollo then went up to Hector and spurred him on to fight, in the likeness of Phaenops son of Asius who lived in Abydos and was the most favoured of all Hector’s guests. In his likeness Apollo said, “Hector, who of the Achaeans will fear you henceforward now that you have quailed before Menelaus who has ever been rated poorly as a soldier? Yet he has now got a corpse away from the Trojans single-handed, and has slain your own true comrade, a man brave among the foremost, Podes son of Eetion.”\nA dark cloud of grief fell upon Hector as he heard, and he made his way to the front clad in full armour. Thereon the son of Saturn seized his bright tasselled aegis, and veiled Ida in cloud: he sent forth his lightnings and his thunders, and as he shook his aegis he gave victory to the Trojans and routed the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.597–611", "orig": "πρῶτος Πηνέλεως Βοιώτιος ἦρχε φόβοιο.\nβλῆτο γὰρ ὦμον δουρὶ πρόσω τετραμμένος αἰεὶ\nἄκρον ἐπιλίγδην· γράψεν δέ οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις\nαἰχμὴ Πουλυδάμαντος· ὃ γάρ ῥʼ ἔβαλε σχεδὸν ἐλθών.\nΛήϊτον αὖθʼ Ἕκτωρ σχεδὸν οὔτασε χεῖρʼ ἐπὶ καρπῷ\nυἱὸν Ἀλεκτρυόνος μεγαθύμου, παῦσε δὲ χάρμης·\nτρέσσε δὲ παπτήνας, ἐπεὶ οὐκέτι ἔλπετο θυμῷ\nἔγχος ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ μαχήσεσθαι Τρώεσσιν.\nἝκτορα δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς μετὰ Λήϊτον ὁρμηθέντα\nβεβλήκει θώρηκα κατὰ στῆθος παρὰ μαζόν·\nἐν καυλῷ δʼ ἐάγη δολιχὸν δόρυ, τοὶ δὲ βόησαν\nΤρῶες· ὃ δʼ Ἰδομενῆος ἀκόντισε Δευκαλίδαο\nδίφρῳ ἐφεσταότος· τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀπὸ τυτθὸν ἅμαρτεν·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Μηριόναο ὀπάονά θʼ ἡνίοχόν τε\nΚοίρανον, ὅς ῥʼ ἐκ Λύκτου ἐϋκτιμένης ἕπετʼ αὐτῷ·", "en": "The panic was begun by Peneleos the Boeotian, for while keeping his face turned ever towards the foe he had been hit with a spear on the upper part of the shoulder; a spear thrown by Polydamas had grazed the top of the bone, for Polydamas had come up to him and struck him from close at hand. Then Hector in close combat struck Leitus son of noble Alectryon in the hand by the wrist, and disabled him from fighting further. He looked about him in dismay, knowing that never again should he wield spear in battle with the Trojans. While Hector was in pursuit of Leitus, Idomeneus struck him on the breastplate over his chest near the nipple; but the spear broke in the shaft, and the Trojans cheered aloud. Hector then aimed at Idomeneus son of Deucalion as he was standing on his chariot, and very narrowly missed him, but the spear hit Coiranus, a follower and charioteer of Meriones who had come with him from Lyctus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.612–625", "orig": "πεζὸς γὰρ τὰ πρῶτα λιπὼν νέας ἀμφιελίσσας\nἤλυθε, καί κε Τρωσὶ μέγα κράτος ἐγγυάλιξεν,\nεἰ μὴ Κοίρανος ὦκα ποδώκεας ἤλασεν ἵππους·\nκαὶ τῷ μὲν φάος ἦλθεν, ἄμυνε δὲ νηλεὲς ἦμαρ,\nαὐτὸς δʼ ὤλεσε θυμὸν ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο·\nτὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος, ἐκ δʼ ἄρʼ ὀδόντας\nὦσε δόρυ πρυμνόν, διὰ δὲ γλῶσσαν τάμε μέσσην.\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία χεῦεν ἔραζε.\nκαὶ τά γε Μηριόνης ἔλαβεν χείρεσσι φίλῃσι\nκύψας ἐκ πεδίοιο, καὶ Ἰδομενῆα προσηύδα·\nμάστιε νῦν εἷός κε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἵκηαι·\nγιγνώσκεις δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ τʼ οὐκέτι κάρτος Ἀχαιῶν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἵμασεν καλλίτριχας ἵππους\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· δὴ γὰρ δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ.", "en": "Idomeneus had left the ships on foot and would have afforded a great triumph to the Trojans if Coiranus had not driven quickly up to him, he therefore brought life and rescue to Idomeneus, but himself fell by the hand of murderous Hector. For Hector hit him on the jaw under the ear; the end of the spear drove out his teeth and cut his tongue in two pieces, so that he fell from his chariot and let the reins fall to the ground. Meriones gathered them up from the ground and took them into his own hands, then he said to Idomeneus, “Lay on, till you get back to the ships, for you must see that the day is no longer ours.”\nOn this Idomeneus lashed the horses to the ships, for fear had taken hold upon him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.626–639", "orig": "οὐδʼ ἔλαθʼ Αἴαντα μεγαλήτορα καὶ Μενέλαον\nΖεύς, ὅτε δὴ Τρώεσσι δίδου ἑτεραλκέα νίκην.\nτοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·\nὢ πόποι ἤδη μέν κε καὶ ὃς μάλα νήπιός ἐστι\nγνοίη ὅτι Τρώεσσι πατὴρ Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ἀρήγει.\nτῶν μὲν γὰρ πάντων βέλεʼ ἅπτεται ὅς τις ἀφήῃ\nἢ κακὸς ἢ ἀγαθός· Ζεὺς δʼ ἔμπης πάντʼ ἰθύνει·\nἡμῖν δʼ αὔτως πᾶσιν ἐτώσια πίπτει ἔραζε.\nἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ αὐτοί περ φραζώμεθα μῆτιν ἀρίστην,\nἠμὲν ὅπως τὸν νεκρὸν ἐρύσσομεν, ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ\nχάρμα φίλοις ἑτάροισι γενώμεθα νοστήσαντες,\nοἵ που δεῦρʼ ὁρόωντες ἀκηχέδατʼ, οὐδʼ ἔτι φασὶν\nἝκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο μένος καὶ χεῖρας ἀάπτους\nσχήσεσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἐν νηυσὶ μελαίνῃσιν πεσέεσθαι.", "en": "Ajax and Menelaus noted how Jove had turned the scale in favour of the Trojans, and Ajax was first to speak. “Alas,” said he, “even a fool may see that father Jove is helping the Trojans. All their weapons strike home; no matter whether it be a brave man or a coward that hurls them, Jove speeds all alike, whereas ours fall each one of them without effect. What, then, will be best both as regards rescuing the body, and our return to the joy of our friends who will be grieving as they look hitherwards; for they will make sure that nothing can now check the terrible hands of Hector, and that he will fling himself upon our ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.640–655", "orig": "εἴη δʼ ὅς τις ἑταῖρος ἀπαγγείλειε τάχιστα\nΠηλεΐδῃ, ἐπεὶ οὔ μιν ὀΐομαι οὐδὲ πεπύσθαι\nλυγρῆς ἀγγελίης, ὅτι οἱ φίλος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος.\nἀλλʼ οὔ πῃ δύναμαι ἰδέειν τοιοῦτον Ἀχαιῶν·\nἠέρι γὰρ κατέχονται ὁμῶς αὐτοί τε καὶ ἵπποι.\nΖεῦ πάτερ ἀλλὰ σὺ ῥῦσαι ὑπʼ ἠέρος υἷας Ἀχαιῶν,\nποίησον δʼ αἴθρην, δὸς δʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδέσθαι·\nἐν δὲ φάει καὶ ὄλεσσον, ἐπεί νύ τοι εὔαδεν οὕτως.\nὣς φάτο, τὸν δὲ πατὴρ ὀλοφύρατο δάκρυ χέοντα·\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἠέρα μὲν σκέδασεν καὶ ἀπῶσεν ὀμίχλην,\nἠέλιος δʼ ἐπέλαμψε, μάχη δʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσα φαάνθη·\nκαὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Αἴας εἶπε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον·\nσκέπτεο νῦν Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς αἴ κεν ἴδηαι\nζωὸν ἔτʼ Ἀντίλοχον μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱόν,\nὄτρυνον δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ δαΐφρονι θᾶσσον ἰόντα\nεἰπεῖν ὅττι ῥά οἱ πολὺ φίλτατος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος.", "en": "I wish that some one would go and tell the son of Peleus at once, for I do not think he can have yet heard the sad news that the dearest of his friends has fallen. But I can see not a man among the Achaeans to send, for they and their chariots are alike hidden in darkness. O father Jove, lift this cloud from over the sons of the Achaeans; make heaven serene, and let us see; if you will that we perish, let us fall at any rate by daylight.”\nFather Jove heard him and had compassion upon his tears. Forthwith he chased away the cloud of darkness, so that the sun shone out and all the fighting was revealed. Ajax then said to Menelaus, “Look, Menelaus, and if Antilochus son of Nestor be still living, send him at once to tell Achilles that by far the dearest to him of all his comrades has fallen.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.656–672", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι ὥς τίς τε λέων ἀπὸ μεσσαύλοιο,\nὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἄρ κε κάμῃσι κύνας τʼ ἄνδρας τʼ ἐρεθίζων,\nοἵ τέ μιν οὐκ εἰῶσι βοῶν ἐκ πῖαρ ἑλέσθαι\nπάννυχοι ἐγρήσσοντες· ὃ δὲ κρειῶν ἐρατίζων\nἰθύει, ἀλλʼ οὔ τι πρήσσει· θαμέες γὰρ ἄκοντες\nἀντίον ἀΐσσουσι θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν,\nκαιόμεναί τε δεταί, τάς τε τρεῖ ἐσσύμενός περ·\nἠῶθεν δʼ ἀπονόσφιν ἔβη τετιηότι θυμῷ·\nὣς ἀπὸ Πατρόκλοιο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος\nἤϊε πόλλʼ ἀέκων· περὶ γὰρ δίε μή μιν Ἀχαιοὶ\nἀργαλέου πρὸ φόβοιο ἕλωρ δηΐοισι λίποιεν.\nπολλὰ δὲ Μηριόνῃ τε καὶ Αἰάντεσσʼ ἐπέτελλεν·\nΑἴαντʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορε Μηριόνη τε\nνῦν τις ἐνηείης Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο\nμνησάσθω· πᾶσιν γὰρ ἐπίστατο μείλιχος εἶναι\nζωὸς ἐών· νῦν αὖ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κιχάνει.", "en": "Menelaus heeded his words and went his way as a lion from a stockyard, the lion is tired of attacking the men and hounds, who keep watch the whole night through and will not let him feast on the fat of their herd. In his lust of meat he makes straight at them but in vain, for darts from strong hands assail him, and burning brands which daunt him for all his hunger, so in the morning he slinks sulkily away, even so did Menelaus sorely against his will leave Patroclus, in great fear lest the Achaeans should be driven back in rout and let him fall into the hands of the foe. He charged Meriones and the two Ajaxes straitly saying, “Ajaxes and Meriones, leaders of the Argives, now indeed remember how good Patroclus was; he was ever courteous while alive, bear it in mind now that he is dead.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.673–694", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος,\nπάντοσε παπταίνων ὥς τʼ αἰετός, ὅν ῥά τέ φασιν\nὀξύτατον δέρκεσθαι ὑπουρανίων πετεηνῶν,\nὅν τε καὶ ὑψόθʼ ἐόντα πόδας ταχὺς οὐκ ἔλαθε πτὼξ\nθάμνῳ ὑπʼ ἀμφικόμῳ κατακείμενος, ἀλλά τʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ\nἔσσυτο, καί τέ μιν ὦκα λαβὼν ἐξείλετο θυμόν.\nὣς τότε σοὶ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ὄσσε φαεινὼ\nπάντοσε δινείσθην πολέων κατὰ ἔθνος ἑταίρων,\nεἴ που Νέστορος υἱὸν ἔτι ζώοντα ἴδοιτο.\nτὸν δὲ μάλʼ αἶψʼ ἐνόησε μάχης ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ πάσης\nθαρσύνονθʼ ἑτάρους καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα μάχεσθαι,\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·\nἈντίλοχʼ εἰ δʼ ἄγε δεῦρο διοτρεφὲς ὄφρα πύθηαι\nλυγρῆς ἀγγελίης, ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι.\nἤδη μὲν σὲ καὶ αὐτὸν ὀΐομαι εἰσορόωντα\nγιγνώσκειν ὅτι πῆμα θεὸς Δαναοῖσι κυλίνδει,\nνίκη δὲ Τρώων· πέφαται δʼ ὤριστος Ἀχαιῶν\nΠάτροκλος, μεγάλη δὲ ποθὴ Δαναοῖσι τέτυκται.\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ αἶψʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ θέων ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nεἰπεῖν, αἴ κε τάχιστα νέκυν ἐπὶ νῆα σαώσῃ\nγυμνόν· ἀτὰρ τά γε τεύχεʼ ἔχει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀντίλοχος δὲ κατέστυγε μῦθον ἀκούσας·", "en": "With this Menelaus left them, looking round him as keenly as an eagle, whose sight they say is keener than that of any other bird, however high he may be in the heavens, not a hare that runs can escape him by crouching under bush or thicket, for he will swoop down upon it and make an end of it, even so, O Menelaus, did your keen eyes range round the mighty host of your followers to see if you could find the son of Nestor still alive. Presently Menelaus saw him on the extreme left of the battle cheering on his men and exhorting them to fight boldly. Menelaus went up to him and said, “Antilochus, come here and listen to sad news, which I would indeed were untrue. You must see with your own eyes that heaven is heaping calamity upon the Danaans, and giving victory to the Trojans. Patroclus has fallen, who was the bravest of the Achaeans, and sorely will the Danaans miss him. Run instantly to the ships and tell Achilles, that he may come to rescue the body and bear it to the ships. As for the armour, Hector already has it.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.695–714", "orig": "δὴν δέ μιν ἀμφασίη ἐπέων λάβε, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε\nδακρυόφι πλῆσθεν, θαλερὴ δέ οἱ ἔσχετο φωνή.\nἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὧς Μενελάου ἐφημοσύνης ἀμέλησε,\nβῆ δὲ θέειν, τὰ δὲ τεύχεʼ ἀμύμονι δῶκεν ἑταίρῳ\nΛαοδόκῳ, ὅς οἱ σχεδὸν ἔστρεφε μώνυχας ἵππους.\nτὸν μὲν δάκρυ χέοντα πόδες φέρον ἐκ πολέμοιο\nΠηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ κακὸν ἔπος ἀγγελέοντα.\nοὐδʼ ἄρα σοὶ Μενέλαε διοτρεφὲς ἤθελε θυμὸς\nτειρομένοις ἑτάροισιν ἀμυνέμεν, ἔνθεν ἀπῆλθεν\nἈντίλοχος, μεγάλη δὲ ποθὴ Πυλίοισιν ἐτύχθη·\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε τοῖσιν μὲν Θρασυμήδεα δῖον ἀνῆκεν,\nαὐτὸς δʼ αὖτʼ ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ βεβήκει,\nστῆ δὲ παρʼ Αἰάντεσσι θέων, εἶθαρ δὲ προσηύδα·\nκεῖνον μὲν δὴ νηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα θοῇσιν\nἐλθεῖν εἰς Ἀχιλῆα πόδας ταχύν· οὐδέ μιν οἴω\nνῦν ἰέναι μάλα περ κεχολωμένον Ἕκτορι δίῳ·\nοὐ γάρ πως ἂν γυμνὸς ἐὼν Τρώεσσι μάχοιτο.\nἡμεῖς δʼ αὐτοί περ φραζώμεθα μῆτιν ἀρίστην,\nἠμὲν ὅπως τὸν νεκρὸν ἐρύσσομεν, ἠδὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ\nΤρώων ἐξ ἐνοπῆς θάνατον καὶ κῆρα φύγωμεν.", "en": "Antilochus was struck with horror. For a long time he was speechless; his eyes filled with tears and he could find no utterance, but he did as Menelaus had said, and set off running as soon as he had given his armour to a comrade, Laodocus, who was wheeling his horses round, close beside him.\nThus, then, did he run weeping from the field, to carry the bad news to Achilles son of Peleus. Nor were you, O Menelaus, minded to succour his harassed comrades, when Antilochus had left the Pylians, and greatly did they miss him, but he sent them noble Thrasymedes, and himself went back to Patroclus. He came running up to the two Ajaxes and said, “I have sent Antilochus to the ships to tell Achilles, but rage against Hector as he may, he cannot come, for he cannot fight without armour. What then will be our best plan both as regards rescuing the dead, and our own escape from death amid the battle-cries of the Trojans?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.715–734", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·\nπάντα κατʼ αἶσαν ἔειπες ἀγακλεὲς ὦ Μενέλαε·\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν καὶ Μηριόνης ὑποδύντε μάλʼ ὦκα\nνεκρὸν ἀείραντες φέρετʼ ἐκ πόνου· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε\nνῶϊ μαχησόμεθα Τρωσίν τε καὶ Ἕκτορι δίῳ\nἶσον θυμὸν ἔχοντες ὁμώνυμοι, οἳ τὸ πάρος περ\nμίμνομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα παρʼ ἀλλήλοισι μένοντες.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα νεκρὸν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀγκάζοντο\nὕψι μάλα μεγάλως· ἐπὶ δʼ ἴαχε λαὸς ὄπισθε\nΤρωϊκός, ὡς εἴδοντο νέκυν αἴροντας Ἀχαιούς.\nἴθυσαν δὲ κύνεσσιν ἐοικότες, οἵ τʼ ἐπὶ κάπρῳ\nβλημένῳ ἀΐξωσι πρὸ κούρων θηρητήρων·\nἕως μὲν γάρ τε θέουσι διαρραῖσαι μεμαῶτες,\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐν τοῖσιν ἑλίξεται ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς,\nἄψ τʼ ἀνεχώρησαν διά τʼ ἔτρεσαν ἄλλυδις ἄλλος.\nὣς Τρῶες εἷος μὲν ὁμιλαδὸν αἰὲν ἕποντο\nνύσσοντες ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ Αἴαντε μεταστρεφθέντε κατʼ αὐτοὺς\nσταίησαν, τῶν δὲ τράπετο χρώς, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη\nπρόσσω ἀΐξας περὶ νεκροῦ δηριάασθαι.", "en": "Ajax answered, “Menelaus, you have said well: do you, then, and Meriones stoop down, raise the body, and bear it out of the fray, while we two behind you keep off Hector and the Trojans, one in heart as in name, and long used to fighting side by side with one another.”\nOn this Menelaus and Meriones took the dead man in their arms and lifted him high aloft with a great effort. The Trojan host raised a hue and cry behind them when they saw the Achaeans bearing the body away, and flew after them like hounds attacking a wounded boar at the loo of a band of young huntsmen. For a while the hounds fly at him as though they would tear him in pieces, but now and again he turns on them in a fury, scaring and scattering them in all directions, even so did the Trojans for a while charge in a body, striking with sword and with spears pointed at both the ends, but when the two Ajaxes faced them and stood at bay, they would turn pale and no man dared press on to fight further about the dead." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.735–745", "orig": "ὣς οἵ γʼ ἐμμεμαῶτε νέκυν φέρον ἐκ πολέμοιο\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς· ἐπὶ δὲ πτόλεμος τέτατό σφιν\nἄγριος ἠΰτε πῦρ, τό τʼ ἐπεσσύμενον πόλιν ἀνδρῶν\nὄρμενον ἐξαίφνης φλεγέθει, μινύθουσι δὲ οἶκοι\nἐν σέλαϊ μεγάλῳ· τὸ δʼ ἐπιβρέμει ἲς ἀνέμοιο.\nὣς μὲν τοῖς ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν αἰχμητάων\nἀζηχὴς ὀρυμαγδὸς ἐπήϊεν ἐρχομένοισιν·\nοἳ δʼ ὥς θʼ ἡμίονοι κρατερὸν μένος ἀμφιβαλόντες\nἕλκωσʼ ἐξ ὄρεος κατὰ παιπαλόεσσαν ἀταρπὸν\nἢ δοκὸν ἠὲ δόρυ μέγα νήϊον· ἐν δέ τε θυμὸς\nτείρεθʼ ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ σπευδόντεσσιν·", "en": "In this wise did the two heroes strain every nerve to bear the body to the ships out of the fight. The battle raged round them like fierce flames that when once kindled spread like wildfire over a city, and the houses fall in the glare of its burning, even such was the roar and tramp of men and horses that pursued them as they bore Patroclus from the field. Or as mules that put forth all their strength to draw some beam or great piece of ship’s timber down a rough mountain-track, and they pant and sweat as they go, even so did Menelaus and Meriones pant and sweat as they bore the body of Patroclus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 17.746–761", "orig": "ὣς οἵ γʼ ἐμμεμαῶτε νέκυν φέρον. αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν\nΑἴαντʼ ἰσχανέτην, ὥς τε πρὼν ἰσχάνει ὕδωρ\nὑλήεις πεδίοιο διαπρύσιον τετυχηκώς,\nὅς τε καὶ ἰφθίμων ποταμῶν ἀλεγεινὰ ῥέεθρα\nἴσχει, ἄφαρ δέ τε πᾶσι ῥόον πεδίον δὲ τίθησι\nπλάζων· οὐδέ τί μιν σθένεϊ ῥηγνῦσι ῥέοντες·\nὣς αἰεὶ Αἴαντε μάχην ἀνέεργον ὀπίσσω\nΤρώων· οἳ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο, δύω δʼ ἐν τοῖσι μάλιστα\nΑἰνείας τʼ Ἀγχισιάδης καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.\nτῶν δʼ ὥς τε ψαρῶν νέφος ἔρχεται ἠὲ κολοιῶν\nοὖλον κεκλήγοντες, ὅτε προΐδωσιν ἰόντα\nκίρκον, ὅ τε σμικρῇσι φόνον φέρει ὀρνίθεσσιν,\nὣς ἄρʼ ὑπʼ Αἰνείᾳ τε καὶ Ἕκτορι κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν\nοὖλον κεκλήγοντες ἴσαν, λήθοντο δὲ χάρμης.\nπολλὰ δὲ τεύχεα καλὰ πέσον περί τʼ ἀμφί τε τάφρον\nφευγόντων Δαναῶν· πολέμου δʼ οὐ γίγνετʼ ἐρωή.", "en": "Behind them the two Ajaxes held stoutly out. As some wooded mountain-spur that stretches across a plain will turn water and check the flow even of a great river, nor is there any stream strong enough to break through it, even so did the two Ajaxes face the Trojans and stem the tide of their fighting though they kept pouring on towards them and foremost among them all was Aeneas son of Anchises with valiant Hector. As a flock of daws or starlings fall to screaming and chattering when they see a falcon, foe to all small birds, come soaring near them, even so did the Achaean youth raise a babel of cries as they fled before Aeneas and Hector, unmindful of their former prowess. In the rout of the Danaans much goodly armour fell round about the trench, and of fighting there was no end." } ], "18": [ { "ref": "Iliad 18.1–14", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο,\nἈντίλοχος δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ πόδας ταχὺς ἄγγελος ἦλθε.\nτὸν δʼ εὗρε προπάροιθε νεῶν ὀρθοκραιράων\nτὰ φρονέοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ἃ δὴ τετελεσμένα ἦεν·\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·\nὤ μοι ἐγώ, τί τʼ ἄρʼ αὖτε κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nνηυσὶν ἔπι κλονέονται ἀτυζόμενοι πεδίοιο;\nμὴ δή μοι τελέσωσι θεοὶ κακὰ κήδεα θυμῷ,\nὥς ποτέ μοι μήτηρ διεπέφραδε καί μοι ἔειπε\nΜυρμιδόνων τὸν ἄριστον ἔτι ζώοντος ἐμεῖο\nχερσὶν ὕπο Τρώων λείψειν φάος ἠελίοιο.\nἦ μάλα δὴ τέθνηκε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱὸς\nσχέτλιος· ἦ τʼ ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ\nἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν, μηδʼ Ἕκτορι ἶφι μάχεσθαι.", "en": "Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Meanwhile the fleet runner Antilochus, who had been sent as messenger, reached Achilles, and found him sitting by his tall ships and boding that which was indeed too surely true. “Alas,” said he to himself in the heaviness of his heart, “why are the Achaeans again scouring the plain and flocking towards the ships? Heaven grant the gods be not now bringing that sorrow upon me of which my mother Thetis spoke, saying that while I was yet alive the bravest of the Myrmidons should fall before the Trojans, and see the light of the sun no longer. I fear the brave son of Menoetius has fallen through his own daring and yet I bade him return to the ships as soon as he had driven back those that were bringing fire against them, and not join battle with Hector.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.15–27", "orig": "εἷος ὃ ταῦθʼ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,\nτόφρά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθεν ἀγαυοῦ Νέστορος υἱὸς\nδάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, φάτο δʼ ἀγγελίην ἀλεγεινήν·\nὤ μοι Πηλέος υἱὲ δαΐφρονος ἦ μάλα λυγρῆς\nπεύσεαι ἀγγελίης, ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι.\nκεῖται Πάτροκλος, νέκυος δὲ δὴ ἀμφιμάχονται\nγυμνοῦ· ἀτὰρ τά γε τεύχεʼ ἔχει κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ.\nὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε μέλαινα·\nἀμφοτέρῃσι δὲ χερσὶν ἑλὼν κόνιν αἰθαλόεσσαν\nχεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς, χαρίεν δʼ ᾔσχυνε πρόσωπον·\nνεκταρέῳ δὲ χιτῶνι μέλαινʼ ἀμφίζανε τέφρη.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐν κονίῃσι μέγας μεγαλωστὶ τανυσθεὶς\nκεῖτο, φίλῃσι δὲ χερσὶ κόμην ᾔσχυνε δαΐζων.", "en": "As he was thus pondering, the son of Nestor came up to him and told his sad tale, weeping bitterly the while. “Alas,” he cried, “son of noble Peleus, I bring you bad tidings, would indeed that they were untrue. Patroclus has fallen, and a fight is raging about his naked body, for Hector holds his armour.”\nA dark cloud of grief fell upon Achilles as he listened. He filled both hands with dust from off the ground, and poured it over his head, disfiguring his comely face, and letting the refuse settle over his shirt so fair and new. He flung himself down all huge and hugely at full length, and tore his hair with his hands." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.28–46", "orig": "δμῳαὶ δʼ ἃς Ἀχιλεὺς ληΐσσατο Πάτροκλός τε\nθυμὸν ἀκηχέμεναι μεγάλʼ ἴαχον, ἐκ δὲ θύραζε\nἔδραμον ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα δαΐφρονα, χερσὶ δὲ πᾶσαι\nστήθεα πεπλήγοντο, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ γυῖα ἑκάστης.\nἈντίλοχος δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ὀδύρετο δάκρυα λείβων\nχεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος· ὃ δʼ ἔστενε κυδάλιμον κῆρ·\nδείδιε γὰρ μὴ λαιμὸν ἀπαμήσειε σιδήρῳ.\nσμερδαλέον δʼ ᾤμωξεν· ἄκουσε δὲ πότνια μήτηρ\nἡμένη ἐν βένθεσσιν ἁλὸς παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι,\nκώκυσέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα· θεαὶ δέ μιν ἀμφαγέροντο\nπᾶσαι ὅσαι κατὰ βένθος ἁλὸς Νηρηΐδες ἦσαν.\nἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ἔην Γλαύκη τε Θάλειά τε Κυμοδόκη τε\nΝησαίη Σπειώ τε Θόη θʼ Ἁλίη τε βοῶπις\nΚυμοθόη τε καὶ Ἀκταίη καὶ Λιμνώρεια\nκαὶ Μελίτη καὶ Ἴαιρα καὶ Ἀμφιθόη καὶ Ἀγαυὴ\nΔωτώ τε Πρωτώ τε Φέρουσά τε Δυναμένη τε\nΔεξαμένη τε καὶ Ἀμφινόμη καὶ Καλλιάνειρα\nΔωρὶς καὶ Πανόπη καὶ ἀγακλειτὴ Γαλάτεια\nΝημερτής τε καὶ Ἀψευδὴς καὶ Καλλιάνασσα·", "en": "The bondswomen whom Achilles and Patroclus had taken captive screamed aloud for grief, beating their breasts, and with their limbs failing them for sorrow. Antilochus bent over him the while, weeping and holding both his hands as he lay groaning for he feared that he might plunge a knife into his own throat. Then Achilles gave a loud cry and his mother heard him as she was sitting in the depths of the sea by the old man her father, whereon she screamed, and all the goddesses daughters of Nereus that dwelt at the bottom of the sea, came gathering round her. There were Glauce, Thalia and Cymodoce, Nesaia, Speo, Thoe and dark-eyed Halie, Cymothoe, Actaea and Limnorea, Melite, Iaera, Amphithoe and Agave, Doto and Proto, Pherusa and Dynamene, Dexamene, Amphinome and Callianeira, Doris, Panope, and the famous sea-nymph Galatea, Nemertes, Apseudes and Callianassa." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.47–64", "orig": "ἔνθα δʼ ἔην Κλυμένη Ἰάνειρά τε καὶ Ἰάνασσα\nΜαῖρα καὶ Ὠρείθυια ἐϋπλόκαμός τʼ Ἀμάθεια\nἄλλαι θʼ αἳ κατὰ βένθος ἁλὸς Νηρηΐδες ἦσαν.\nτῶν δὲ καὶ ἀργύφεον πλῆτο σπέος· αἳ δʼ ἅμα πᾶσαι\nστήθεα πεπλήγοντο, Θέτις δʼ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·\nκλῦτε κασίγνηται Νηρηΐδες, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ πᾶσαι\nεἴδετʼ ἀκούουσαι ὅσʼ ἐμῷ ἔνι κήδεα θυμῷ.\nὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή, ὤ μοι δυσαριστοτόκεια,\nἥ τʼ ἐπεὶ ἂρ τέκον υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε\nἔξοχον ἡρώων· ὃ δʼ ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος·\nτὸν μὲν ἐγὼ θρέψασα φυτὸν ὣς γουνῷ ἀλωῆς\nνηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω\nΤρωσὶ μαχησόμενον· τὸν δʼ οὐχ ὑποδέξομαι αὖτις\nοἴκαδε νοστήσαντα δόμον Πηλήϊον εἴσω.\nὄφρα δέ μοι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο\nἄχνυται, οὐδέ τί οἱ δύναμαι χραισμῆσαι ἰοῦσα.\nἀλλʼ εἶμʼ, ὄφρα ἴδωμι φίλον τέκος, ἠδʼ ἐπακούσω\nὅττί μιν ἵκετο πένθος ἀπὸ πτολέμοιο μένοντα.", "en": "There were also Clymene, Ianeira and Ianassa, Maera, Oreithuia and Amatheia of the lovely locks, with other Nereids who dwell in the depths of the sea. The crystal cave was filled with their multitude and they all beat their breasts while Thetis led them in their lament.\n“Listen,” she cried, “sisters, daughters of Nereus, that you may hear the burden of my sorrows. Alas, woe is me, woe in that I have borne the most glorious of offspring. I bore him fair and strong, hero among heroes, and he shot up as a sapling; I tended him as a plant in a goodly garden, and sent him with his ships to Ilius to fight the Trojans, but never shall I welcome him back to the house of Peleus. So long as he lives to look upon the light of the sun he is in heaviness, and though I go to him I cannot help him. Nevertheless I will go, that I may see my dear son and learn what sorrow has befallen him though he is still holding aloof from battle.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.65–77", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα λίπε σπέος· αἳ δὲ σὺν αὐτῇ\nδακρυόεσσαι ἴσαν, περὶ δέ σφισι κῦμα θαλάσσης\nῥήγνυτο· ταὶ δʼ ὅτε δὴ Τροίην ἐρίβωλον ἵκοντο\nἀκτὴν εἰσανέβαινον ἐπισχερώ, ἔνθα θαμειαὶ\nΜυρμιδόνων εἴρυντο νέες ταχὺν ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα.\nτῷ δὲ βαρὺ στενάχοντι παρίστατο πότνια μήτηρ,\nὀξὺ δὲ κωκύσασα κάρη λάβε παιδὸς ἑοῖο,\nκαί ῥʼ ὀλοφυρομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nτέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ σε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος;\nἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε· τὰ μὲν δή τοι τετέλεσται\nἐκ Διός, ὡς ἄρα δὴ πρίν γʼ εὔχεο χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν\nπάντας ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἀλήμεναι υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nσεῦ ἐπιδευομένους, παθέειν τʼ ἀεκήλια ἔργα.", "en": "She left the cave as she spoke, while the others followed weeping after, and the waves opened a path before them. When they reached the rich plain of Troy, they came up out of the sea in a long line on to the sands, at the place where the ships of the Myrmidons were drawn up in close order round the tents of Achilles. His mother went up to him as he lay groaning; she laid her hand upon his head and spoke piteously, saying, “My son, why are you thus weeping? What sorrow has now befallen you? Tell me; hide it not from me. Surely Jove has granted you the prayer you made him, when you lifted up your hands and besought him that the Achaeans might all of them be pent up at their ships, and rue it bitterly in that you were no longer with them.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.78–93", "orig": "τὴν δὲ βαρὺ στενάχων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nμῆτερ ἐμή, τὰ μὲν ἄρ μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἐξετέλεσσεν·\nἀλλὰ τί μοι τῶν ἦδος ἐπεὶ φίλος ὤλεθʼ ἑταῖρος\nΠάτροκλος, τὸν ἐγὼ περὶ πάντων τῖον ἑταίρων\nἶσον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ; τὸν ἀπώλεσα, τεύχεα δʼ Ἕκτωρ\nδῃώσας ἀπέδυσε πελώρια θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι\nκαλά· τὰ μὲν Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε σε βροτοῦ ἀνέρος ἔμβαλον εὐνῇ.\nαἴθʼ ὄφελες σὺ μὲν αὖθι μετʼ ἀθανάτῃς ἁλίῃσι\nναίειν, Πηλεὺς δὲ θνητὴν ἀγαγέσθαι ἄκοιτιν.\nνῦν δʼ ἵνα καὶ σοὶ πένθος ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μυρίον εἴη\nπαιδὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο, τὸν οὐχ ὑποδέξεαι αὖτις\nοἴκαδε νοστήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ θυμὸς ἄνωγε\nζώειν οὐδʼ ἄνδρεσσι μετέμμεναι, αἴ κε μὴ Ἕκτωρ\nπρῶτος ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ,\nΠατρόκλοιο δʼ ἕλωρα Μενοιτιάδεω ἀποτίσῃ.", "en": "Achilles groaned and answered, “Mother, Olympian Jove has indeed vouchsafed me the fulfilment of my prayer, but what boots it to me, seeing that my dear comrade Patroclus has fallen, he whom I valued more than all others, and loved as dearly as my own life? I have lost him; aye, and Hector when he had killed him stripped the wondrous armour, so glorious to behold, which the gods gave to Peleus when they laid you in the couch of a mortal man. Would that you were still dwelling among the immortal sea-nymphs, and that Peleus had taken to himself some mortal bride. For now you shall have grief infinite by reason of the death of that son whom you can never welcome home, nay, I will not live nor go about among mankind unless Hector fall by my spear, and thus pay me for having slain Patroclus son of Menoetius.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.94–106", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·\nὠκύμορος δή μοι τέκος ἔσσεαι, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις·\nαὐτίκα γάρ τοι ἔπειτα μεθʼ Ἕκτορα πότμος ἑτοῖμος.\nτὴν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nαὐτίκα τεθναίην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳ\nκτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι· ὃ μὲν μάλα τηλόθι πάτρης\nἔφθιτʼ, ἐμεῖο δὲ δῆσεν ἀρῆς ἀλκτῆρα γενέσθαι.\nνῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐ νέομαί γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,\nοὐδέ τι Πατρόκλῳ γενόμην φάος οὐδʼ ἑτάροισι\nτοῖς ἄλλοις, οἳ δὴ πολέες δάμεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ,\nἀλλʼ ἧμαι παρὰ νηυσὶν ἐτώσιον ἄχθος ἀρούρης,\nτοῖος ἐὼν οἷος οὔ τις Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nἐν πολέμῳ· ἀγορῇ δέ τʼ ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι.", "en": "Thetis wept and answered, “Then, my son, is your end near at hand, for your own death awaits you full soon after that of Hector.”\nThen said Achilles in his great grief, “I would die here and now, in that I could not save my comrade. He has fallen far from home, and in his hour of need my hand was not there to help him. What is there for me? Return to my own land I shall not, and I have brought no saving neither to Patroclus nor to my other comrades of whom so many have been slain by mighty Hector; I stay here by my ships a bootless burden upon the earth, I, who in fight have no peer among the Achaeans, though in council there are better than I." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.107–126", "orig": "ὡς ἔρις ἔκ τε θεῶν ἔκ τʼ ἀνθρώπων ἀπόλοιτο\nκαὶ χόλος, ὅς τʼ ἐφέηκε πολύφρονά περ χαλεπῆναι,\nὅς τε πολὺ γλυκίων μέλιτος καταλειβομένοιο\nἀνδρῶν ἐν στήθεσσιν ἀέξεται ἠΰτε καπνός·\nὡς ἐμὲ νῦν ἐχόλωσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων.\nἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ,\nθυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ·\nνῦν δʼ εἶμʼ ὄφρα φίλης κεφαλῆς ὀλετῆρα κιχείω\nἝκτορα· κῆρα δʼ ἐγὼ τότε δέξομαι ὁππότε κεν δὴ\nΖεὺς ἐθέλῃ τελέσαι ἠδʼ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι.\nοὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ βίη Ἡρακλῆος φύγε κῆρα,\nὅς περ φίλτατος ἔσκε Διὶ Κρονίωνι ἄνακτι·\nἀλλά ἑ μοῖρα δάμασσε καὶ ἀργαλέος χόλος Ἥρης.\nὣς καὶ ἐγών, εἰ δή μοι ὁμοίη μοῖρα τέτυκται,\nκείσομʼ ἐπεί κε θάνω· νῦν δὲ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἀροίμην,\nκαί τινα Τρωϊάδων καὶ Δαρδανίδων βαθυκόλπων\nἀμφοτέρῃσιν χερσὶ παρειάων ἁπαλάων\nδάκρυʼ ὀμορξαμένην ἁδινὸν στοναχῆσαι ἐφείην,\nγνοῖεν δʼ ὡς δὴ δηρὸν ἐγὼ πολέμοιο πέπαυμαι·\nμὴ δέ μʼ ἔρυκε μάχης φιλέουσά περ· οὐδέ με πείσεις.", "en": "Therefore, perish strife both from among gods and men, and anger, wherein even a righteous man will harden his heart, which rises up in the soul of a man like smoke, and the taste thereof is sweeter than drops of honey. Even so has Agamemnon angered me. And yet, so be it, for it is over; I will force my soul into subjection as I needs must; I will go; I will pursue Hector who has slain him whom I loved so dearly, and will then abide my doom when it may please Jove and the other gods to send it. Even Hercules, the best beloved of Jove, even he could not escape the hand of death, but fate and Juno’s fierce anger laid him low, as I too shall lie when I am dead if a like doom awaits me. Till then I will win fame, and will bid Trojan and Dardanian women wring tears from their tender cheeks with both their hands in the grievousness of their great sorrow; thus shall they know that he who has held aloof so long will hold aloof no longer. Hold me not back, therefore, in the love you bear me, for you shall not move me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.127–144", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα·\nναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε τέκνον ἐτήτυμον οὐ κακόν ἐστι\nτειρομένοις ἑτάροισιν ἀμυνέμεν αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον.\nἀλλά τοι ἔντεα καλὰ μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται\nχάλκεα μαρμαίροντα· τὰ μὲν κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nαὐτὸς ἔχων ὤμοισιν ἀγάλλεται· οὐδέ ἕ φημι\nδηρὸν ἐπαγλαϊεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ φόνος ἐγγύθεν αὐτῷ.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν μή πω καταδύσεο μῶλον Ἄρηος\nπρίν γʼ ἐμὲ δεῦρʼ ἐλθοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδηαι·\nἠῶθεν γὰρ νεῦμαι ἅμʼ ἠελίῳ ἀνιόντι\nτεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο ἄνακτος.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τράπεθʼ υἷος ἑοῖο,\nκαὶ στρεφθεῖσʼ ἁλίῃσι κασιγνήτῃσι μετηύδα·\nὑμεῖς μὲν νῦν δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον\nὀψόμεναί τε γέρονθʼ ἅλιον καὶ δώματα πατρός,\nκαί οἱ πάντʼ ἀγορεύσατʼ· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον\nεἶμι παρʼ Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν\nυἱεῖ ἐμῷ δόμεναι κλυτὰ τεύχεα παμφανόωντα.", "en": "Then silver-footed Thetis answered, “My son, what you have said is true. It is well to save your comrades from destruction, but your armour is in the hands of the Trojans; Hector bears it in triumph upon his own shoulders. Full well I know that his vaunt shall not be lasting, for his end is close at hand; go not, however, into the press of battle till you see me return hither; to-morrow at break of day I shall be here, and will bring you goodly armour from King Vulcan.”\nOn this she left her brave son, and as she turned away she said to the sea-nymphs her sisters, “Dive into the bosom of the sea and go to the house of the old sea-god my father. Tell him everything; as for me, I will go to the cunning workman Vulcan on high Olympus, and ask him to provide my son with a suit of splendid armour.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.145–164", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ὑπὸ κῦμα θαλάσσης αὐτίκʼ ἔδυσαν·\nἣ δʼ αὖτʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα\nἤϊεν ὄφρα φίλῳ παιδὶ κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἐνείκαι.\nτὴν μὲν ἄρʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ πόδες φέρον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nθεσπεσίῳ ἀλαλητῷ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο\nφεύγοντες νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκοντο.\nοὐδέ κε Πάτροκλόν περ ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντο νέκυν θεράποντʼ Ἀχιλῆος·\nαὖτις γὰρ δὴ τόν γε κίχον λαός τε καὶ ἵπποι\nἝκτωρ τε Πριάμοιο πάϊς φλογὶ εἴκελος ἀλκήν.\nτρὶς μέν μιν μετόπισθε ποδῶν λάβε φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nἑλκέμεναι μεμαώς, μέγα δὲ Τρώεσσιν ὁμόκλα·\nτρὶς δὲ δύʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκὴν\nνεκροῦ ἀπεστυφέλιξαν· ὃ δʼ ἔμπεδον ἀλκὶ πεποιθὼς\nἄλλοτʼ ἐπαΐξασκε κατὰ μόθον, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε\nστάσκε μέγα ἰάχων· ὀπίσω δʼ οὐ χάζετο πάμπαν.\nὡς δʼ ἀπὸ σώματος οὔ τι λέοντʼ αἴθωνα δύνανται\nποιμένες ἄγραυλοι μέγα πεινάοντα δίεσθαι,\nὥς ῥα τὸν οὐκ ἐδύναντο δύω Αἴαντε κορυστὰ\nἝκτορα Πριαμίδην ἀπὸ νεκροῦ δειδίξασθαι.", "en": "When she had so said, they dived forthwith beneath the waves, while silver-footed Thetis went her way that she might bring the armour for her son.\nThus, then, did her feet bear the goddess to Olympus, and meanwhile the Achaeans were flying with loud cries before murderous Hector till they reached the ships and the Hellespont, and they could not draw the body of Mars’s servant Patroclus out of reach of the weapons that were showered upon him, for Hector son of Priam with his host and horsemen had again caught up to him like the flame of a fiery furnace; thrice did brave Hector seize him by the feet, striving with might and main to draw him away and calling loudly on the Trojans, and thrice did the two Ajaxes, clothed in valour as with a garment, beat him from off the body; but all undaunted he would now charge into the thick of the fight, and now again he would stand still and cry aloud, but he would give no ground. As upland shepherds that cannot chase some famished lion from a carcase, even so could not the two Ajaxes scare Hector son of Priam from the body of Patroclus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.165–182", "orig": "καί νύ κεν εἴρυσσέν τε καὶ ἄσπετον ἤρατο κῦδος,\nεἰ μὴ Πηλεΐωνι ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις\nἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσʼ ἀπʼ Ὀλύμπου θωρήσσεσθαι\nκρύβδα Διὸς ἄλλων τε θεῶν· πρὸ γὰρ ἧκέ μιν Ἥρη.\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὄρσεο Πηλεΐδη, πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν·\nΠατρόκλῳ ἐπάμυνον, οὗ εἵνεκα φύλοπις αἰνὴ\nἕστηκε πρὸ νεῶν· οἳ δʼ ἀλλήλους ὀλέκουσιν\nοἳ μὲν ἀμυνόμενοι νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος,\nοἳ δὲ ἐρύσσασθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν\nΤρῶες ἐπιθύουσι· μάλιστα δὲ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nἑλκέμεναι μέμονεν· κεφαλὴν δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἄνωγε\nπῆξαι ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι ταμόνθʼ ἁπαλῆς ἀπὸ δειρῆς.\nἀλλʼ ἄνα μηδʼ ἔτι κεῖσο· σέβας δέ σε θυμὸν ἱκέσθω\nΠάτροκλον Τρῳῇσι κυσὶν μέλπηθρα γενέσθαι·\nσοὶ λώβη, αἴ κέν τι νέκυς ᾐσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ.\nτὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἾρι θεὰ τίς γάρ σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε;", "en": "And now he would even have dragged it off and have won imperishable glory, had not Iris fleet as the wind, winged her way as messenger from Olympus to the son of Peleus and bidden him arm. She came secretly without the knowledge of Jove and of the other gods, for Juno sent her, and when she had got close to him she said, “Up, son of Peleus, mightiest of all mankind; rescue Patroclus about whom this fearful fight is now raging by the ships. Men are killing one another, the Danaans in defence of the dead body, while the Trojans are trying to hale it away, and take it to windy Ilius: Hector is the most furious of them all; he is for cutting the head from the body and fixing it on the stakes of the wall. Up, then, and bide here no longer; shrink from the thought that Patroclus may become meat for the dogs of Troy. Shame on you, should his body suffer any kind of outrage.”\nAnd Achilles said, “Iris, which of the gods was it that sent you to me?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.183–201", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nἭρη με προέηκε Διὸς κυδρὴ παράκοιτις·\nοὐδʼ οἶδε Κρονίδης ὑψίζυγος οὐδέ τις ἄλλος\nἀθανάτων, οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἀγάννιφον ἀμφινέμονται.\nτὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nπῶς τὰρ ἴω μετὰ μῶλον; ἔχουσι δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐκεῖνοι·\nμήτηρ δʼ οὔ με φίλη πρίν γʼ εἴα θωρήσσεσθαι\nπρίν γʼ αὐτὴν ἐλθοῦσαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωμαι·\nστεῦτο γὰρ Ἡφαίστοιο πάρʼ οἰσέμεν ἔντεα καλά.\nἄλλου δʼ οὔ τευ οἶδα τεῦ ἂν κλυτὰ τεύχεα δύω,\nεἰ μὴ Αἴαντός γε σάκος Τελαμωνιάδαο.\nἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ γʼ ἔλπομʼ ἐνὶ πρώτοισιν ὁμιλεῖ\nἔγχεϊ δηϊόων περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nεὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἔχονται·\nἀλλʼ αὔτως ἐπὶ τάφρον ἰὼν Τρώεσσι φάνηθι,\nαἴ κέ σʼ ὑποδείσαντες ἀπόσχωνται πολέμοιο\nΤρῶες, ἀναπνεύσωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν\nτειρόμενοι· ὀλίγη δέ τʼ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο.", "en": "Iris answered, “It was Juno the royal spouse of Jove, but the son of Saturn does not know of my coming, nor yet does any other of the immortals who dwell on the snowy summits of Olympus.”\nThen fleet Achilles answered her saying, “How can I go up into the battle? They have my armour. My mother forbade me to arm till I should see her come, for she promised to bring me goodly armour from Vulcan; I know no man whose arms I can put on, save only the shield of Ajax son of Telamon, and he surely must be fighting in the front rank and wielding his spear about the body of dead Patroclus.”\nIris said, “We know that your armour has been taken, but go as you are; go to the deep trench and show yourself before the Trojans, that they may fear you and cease fighting. Thus will the fainting sons of the Achaeans gain some brief breathing time, which in battle may hardly be.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.202–216", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,\nαὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς ὦρτο Διῒ φίλος· ἀμφὶ δʼ Ἀθήνη\nὤμοις ἰφθίμοισι βάλʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν,\nἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κεφαλῇ νέφος ἔστεφε δῖα θεάων\nχρύσεον, ἐκ δʼ αὐτοῦ δαῖε φλόγα παμφανόωσαν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε καπνὸς ἰὼν ἐξ ἄστεος αἰθέρʼ ἵκηται\nτηλόθεν ἐκ νήσου, τὴν δήϊοι ἀμφιμάχωνται,\nοἵ τε πανημέριοι στυγερῷ κρίνονται Ἄρηϊ\nἄστεος ἐκ σφετέρου· ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι\nπυρσοί τε φλεγέθουσιν ἐπήτριμοι, ὑψόσε δʼ αὐγὴ\nγίγνεται ἀΐσσουσα περικτιόνεσσιν ἰδέσθαι,\nαἴ κέν πως σὺν νηυσὶν ἄρεω ἀλκτῆρες ἵκωνται·\nὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος κεφαλῆς σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε·\nστῆ δʼ ἐπὶ τάφρον ἰὼν ἀπὸ τείχεος, οὐδʼ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς\nμίσγετο· μητρὸς γὰρ πυκινὴν ὠπίζετʼ ἐφετμήν.", "en": "Iris left him when she had so spoken. But Achilles dear to Jove arose, and Minerva flung her tasselled aegis round his strong shoulders; she crowned his head with a halo of golden cloud from which she kindled a glow of gleaming fire. As the smoke that goes up into heaven from some city that is being beleaguered on an island far out at sea, all day long do men sally from the city and fight their hardest, and at the going down of the sun the line of beacon-fires blazes forth, flaring high for those that dwell near them to behold, if so be that they may come with their ships and succour them, even so did the light flare from the head of Achilles, as he stood by the trench, going beyond the wall, but he did not join the Achaeans for he heeded the charge which his mother laid upon him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.217–238", "orig": "ἔνθα στὰς ἤϋσʼ, ἀπάτερθε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nφθέγξατʼ· ἀτὰρ Τρώεσσιν ἐν ἄσπετον ὦρσε κυδοιμόν.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀριζήλη φωνή, ὅτε τʼ ἴαχε σάλπιγξ\nἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων,\nὣς τότʼ ἀριζήλη φωνὴ γένετʼ Αἰακίδαο.\nοἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἄϊον ὄπα χάλκεον Αἰακίδαο,\nπᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός· ἀτὰρ καλλίτριχες ἵπποι\nἂψ ὄχεα τρόπεον· ὄσσοντο γὰρ ἄλγεα θυμῷ.\nἡνίοχοι δʼ ἔκπληγεν, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἀκάματον πῦρ\nδεινὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος\nδαιόμενον· τὸ δὲ δαῖε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.\nτρὶς μὲν ὑπὲρ τάφρου μεγάλʼ ἴαχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nτρὶς δὲ κυκήθησαν Τρῶες κλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι.\nἔνθα δὲ καὶ τότʼ ὄλοντο δυώδεκα φῶτες ἄριστοι\nἀμφὶ σφοῖς ὀχέεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσιν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἀσπασίως Πάτροκλον ὑπʼ ἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντες\nκάτθεσαν ἐν λεχέεσσι· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφέσταν ἑταῖροι\nμυρόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι ποδώκης εἵπετʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nδάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, ἐπεὶ εἴσιδε πιστὸν ἑταῖρον\nκείμενον ἐν φέρτρῳ δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nτόν ῥʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἔπεμπε σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν\nἐς πόλεμον, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἐδέξατο νοστήσαντα.", "en": "There did he stand and shout aloud. Minerva also raised her voice from afar, and spread terror unspeakable among the Trojans. Ringing as the note of a trumpet that sounds alarm then the foe is at the gates of a city, even so brazen was the voice of the son of Aeacus, and when the Trojans heard its clarion tones they were dismayed; the horses turned back with their chariots for they boded mischief, and their drivers were awe-struck by the steady flame which the grey-eyed goddess had kindled above the head of the great son of Peleus.\nThrice did Achilles raise his loud cry as he stood by the trench, and thrice were the Trojans and their brave allies thrown into confusion; whereon twelve of their noblest champions fell beneath the wheels of their chariots and perished by their own spears. The Achaeans to their great joy then drew Patroclus out of reach of the weapons, and laid him on a litter: his comrades stood mourning round him, and among them fleet Achilles who wept bitterly as he saw his true comrade lying dead upon his bier. He had sent him out with horses and chariots into battle, but his return he was not to welcome." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.239–253", "orig": "Ἠέλιον δʼ ἀκάμαντα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη\nπέμψεν ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοὰς ἀέκοντα νέεσθαι·\nἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ, παύσαντο δὲ δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ\nφυλόπιδος κρατερῆς καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο.\nΤρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης\nχωρήσαντες ἔλυσαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,\nἐς δʼ ἀγορὴν ἀγέροντο πάρος δόρποιο μέδεσθαι.\nὀρθῶν δʼ ἑσταότων ἀγορὴ γένετʼ, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη\nἕζεσθαι· πάντας γὰρ ἔχε τρόμος, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.\nτοῖσι δὲ Πουλυδάμας πεπνυμένος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν\nΠανθοΐδης· ὃ γὰρ οἶος ὅρα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω·\nἝκτορι δʼ ἦεν ἑταῖρος, ἰῇ δʼ ἐν νυκτὶ γένοντο,\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἂρ μύθοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ πολλὸν ἐνίκα·\nὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν·", "en": "Then Juno sent the busy sun, loth though he was, into the waters of Oceanus; so he set, and the Achaeans had rest from the tug and turmoil of war.\nNow the Trojans when they had come out of the fight, unyoked their horses and gathered in assembly before preparing their supper. They kept their feet, nor would any dare to sit down, for fear had fallen upon them all because Achilles had shown himself after having held aloof so long from battle. Polydamas son of Panthous was first to speak, a man of judgement, who alone among them could look both before and after. He was comrade to Hector, and they had been born upon the same night; with all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.254–272", "orig": "ἀμφὶ μάλα φράζεσθε φίλοι· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε\nἄστυδε νῦν ἰέναι, μὴ μίμνειν ἠῶ δῖαν\nἐν πεδίῳ παρὰ νηυσίν· ἑκὰς δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεός εἰμεν.\nὄφρα μὲν οὗτος ἀνὴρ Ἀγαμέμνονι μήνιε δίῳ\nτόφρα δὲ ῥηΐτεροι πολεμίζειν ἦσαν Ἀχαιοί·\nχαίρεσκον γὰρ ἔγωγε θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύων\nἐλπόμενος νῆας αἱρησέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.\nνῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα·\nοἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπέρβιος, οὐκ ἐθελήσει\nμίμνειν ἐν πεδίῳ, ὅθι περ Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐν μέσῳ ἀμφότεροι μένος Ἄρηος δατέονται,\nἀλλὰ περὶ πτόλιός τε μαχήσεται ἠδὲ γυναικῶν.\nἀλλʼ ἴομεν προτὶ ἄστυ, πίθεσθέ μοι· ὧδε γὰρ ἔσται·\nνῦν μὲν νὺξ ἀπέπαυσε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα\nἀμβροσίη· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε κιχήσεται ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντας\nαὔριον ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν τεύχεσιν, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν\nγνώσεται· ἀσπασίως γὰρ ἀφίξεται Ἴλιον ἱρὴν\nὅς κε φύγῃ, πολλοὺς δὲ κύνες καὶ γῦπες ἔδονται\nΤρώων· αἲ γὰρ δή μοι ἀπʼ οὔατος ὧδε γένοιτο.", "en": "“Look to it well, my friends; I would urge you to go back now to your city and not wait here by the ships till morning, for we are far from our walls. So long as this man was at enmity with Agamemnon the Achaeans were easier to deal with, and I would have gladly camped by the ships in the hope of taking them; but now I go in great fear of the fleet son of Peleus; he is so daring that he will never bide here on the plain whereon the Trojans and Achaeans fight with equal valour, but he will try to storm our city and carry off our women. Do then as I say, and let us retreat. For this is what will happen. The darkness of night will for a time stay the son of Peleus, but if he find us here in the morning when he sallies forth in full armour, we shall have knowledge of him in good earnest. Glad indeed will he be who can escape and get back to Ilius, and many a Trojan will become meat for dogs and vultures may I never live to hear it." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.273–292", "orig": "εἰ δʼ ἂν ἐμοῖς ἐπέεσσι πιθώμεθα κηδόμενοί περ,\nνύκτα μὲν εἰν ἀγορῇ σθένος ἕξομεν, ἄστυ δὲ πύργοι\nὑψηλαί τε πύλαι σανίδες τʼ ἐπὶ τῇς ἀραρυῖαι\nμακραὶ ἐΰξεστοι ἐζευγμέναι εἰρύσσονται·\nπρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες\nστησόμεθʼ ἂμ πύργους· τῷ δʼ ἄλγιον, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν\nἐλθὼν ἐκ νηῶν περὶ τείχεος ἄμμι μάχεσθαι.\nἂψ πάλιν εἶσʼ ἐπὶ νῆας, ἐπεί κʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους\nπαντοίου δρόμου ἄσῃ ὑπὸ πτόλιν ἠλασκάζων·\nεἴσω δʼ οὔ μιν θυμὸς ἐφορμηθῆναι ἐάσει,\nοὐδέ ποτʼ ἐκπέρσει· πρίν μιν κύνες ἀργοὶ ἔδονται.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΠουλυδάμα σὺ μὲν οὐκέτʼ ἐμοὶ φίλα ταῦτʼ ἀγορεύεις,\nὃς κέλεαι κατὰ ἄστυ ἀλήμεναι αὖτις ἰόντας.\nἦ οὔ πω κεκόρησθε ἐελμένοι ἔνδοθι πύργων;\nπρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πριάμοιο πόλιν μέροπες ἄνθρωποι\nπάντες μυθέσκοντο πολύχρυσον πολύχαλκον·\nνῦν δὲ δὴ ἐξαπόλωλε δόμων κειμήλια καλά,\nπολλὰ δὲ δὴ Φρυγίην καὶ Μῃονίην ἐρατεινὴν\nκτήματα περνάμενʼ ἵκει, ἐπεὶ μέγας ὠδύσατο Ζεύς.", "en": "If we do as I say, little though we may like it, we shall have strength in counsel during the night, and the great gates with the doors that close them will protect the city. At dawn we can arm and take our stand on the walls; he will then rue it if he sallies from the ships to fight us. He will go back when he has given his horses their fill of being driven all whithers under our walls, and will be in no mind to try and force his way into the city. Neither will he ever sack it, dogs shall devour him ere he do so.”\nHector looked fiercely at him and answered, “Polydamas, your words are not to my liking in that you bid us go back and be pent within the city. Have you not had enough of being cooped up behind walls? In the old-days the city of Priam was famous the whole world over for its wealth of gold and bronze, but our treasures are wasted out of our houses, and much goods have been sold away to Phrygia and fair Meonia, for the hand of Jove has been laid heavily upon us." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.293–309", "orig": "νῦν δʼ ὅτε πέρ μοι ἔδωκε Κρόνου πάϊς ἀγκυλομήτεω\nκῦδος ἀρέσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσί, θαλάσσῃ τʼ ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς,\nνήπιε μηκέτι ταῦτα νοήματα φαῖνʼ ἐνὶ δήμῳ·\nοὐ γάρ τις Τρώων ἐπιπείσεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐάσω.\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ὡς ἂν ἐγὼ εἴπω, πειθώμεθα πάντες.\nνῦν μὲν δόρπον ἕλεσθε κατὰ στρατὸν ἐν τελέεσσι,\nκαὶ φυλακῆς μνήσασθε, καὶ ἐγρήγορθε ἕκαστος·\nΤρώων δʼ ὃς κτεάτεσσιν ὑπερφιάλως ἀνιάζει,\nσυλλέξας λαοῖσι δότω καταδημοβορῆσαι·\nτῶν τινὰ βέλτερόν ἐστιν ἐπαυρέμεν ἤ περ Ἀχαιούς.\nπρῶϊ δʼ ὑπηοῖοι σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.\nεἰ δʼ ἐτεὸν παρὰ ναῦφιν ἀνέστη δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nἄλγιον αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσι τῷ ἔσσεται· οὔ μιν ἔγωγε\nφεύξομαι ἐκ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἄντην\nστήσομαι, ἤ κε φέρῃσι μέγα κράτος, ἦ κε φεροίμην.\nξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος, καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα.", "en": "Now, therefore, that the son of scheming Saturn has vouchsafed me to win glory here and to hem the Achaeans in at their ships, prate no more in this fool’s wise among the people. You will have no man with you; it shall not be; do all of you as I now say; take your suppers in your companies throughout the host, and keep your watches and be wakeful every man of you. If any Trojan is uneasy about his possessions, let him gather them and give them out among the people. Better let these, rather than the Achaeans, have them. At daybreak we will arm and fight about the ships; granted that Achilles has again come forward to defend them, let it be as he will, but it shall go hard with him. I shall not shun him, but will fight him, to fall or conquer. The god of war deals out like measure to all, and the slayer may yet be slain.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.310–328", "orig": "ὣς Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ Τρῶες κελάδησαν\nνήπιοι· ἐκ γάρ σφεων φρένας εἵλετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.\nἝκτορι μὲν γὰρ ἐπῄνησαν κακὰ μητιόωντι,\nΠουλυδάμαντι δʼ ἄρʼ οὔ τις ὃς ἐσθλὴν φράζετο βουλήν.\nδόρπον ἔπειθʼ εἵλοντο κατὰ στρατόν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nπαννύχιοι Πάτροκλον ἀνεστενάχοντο γοῶντες.\nτοῖσι δὲ Πηλεΐδης ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο\nχεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσιν ἑταίρου\nπυκνὰ μάλα στενάχων ὥς τε λὶς ἠϋγένειος,\nᾧ ῥά θʼ ὑπὸ σκύμνους ἐλαφηβόλος ἁρπάσῃ ἀνὴρ\nὕλης ἐκ πυκινῆς· ὃ δέ τʼ ἄχνυται ὕστερος ἐλθών,\nπολλὰ δέ τʼ ἄγκεʼ ἐπῆλθε μετʼ ἀνέρος ἴχνιʼ ἐρευνῶν\nεἴ ποθεν ἐξεύροι· μάλα γὰρ δριμὺς χόλος αἱρεῖ·\nὣς ὃ βαρὺ στενάχων μετεφώνεε Μυρμιδόνεσσιν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ ῥʼ ἅλιον ἔπος ἔκβαλον ἤματι κείνῳ\nθαρσύνων ἥρωα Μενοίτιον ἐν μεγάροισι·\nφῆν δέ οἱ εἰς Ὀπόεντα περικλυτὸν υἱὸν ἀπάξειν\nἼλιον ἐκπέρσαντα, λαχόντα τε ληΐδος αἶσαν.\nἀλλʼ οὐ Ζεὺς ἄνδρεσσι νοήματα πάντα τελευτᾷ·", "en": "Thus spoke Hector; and the Trojans, fools that they were, shouted in applause, for Pallas Minerva had robbed them of their understanding. They gave ear to Hector with his evil counsel, but the wise words of Polydamas no man would heed. They took their supper throughout the host, and meanwhile through the whole night the Achaeans mourned Patroclus, and the son of Peleus led them in their lament. He laid his murderous hands upon the breast of his comrade, groaning again and again as a bearded lion when a man who was chasing deer has robbed him of his young in some dense forest; when the lion comes back he is furious, and searches dingle and dell to track the hunter if he can find him, for he is mad with rage, even so with many a sigh did Achilles speak among the Myrmidons saying, “Alas! vain were the words with which I cheered the hero Menoetius in his own house; I said that I would bring his brave son back again to Opoeis after he had sacked Ilius and taken his share of the spoils, but Jove does not give all men their heart’s desire." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.329–342", "orig": "ἄμφω γὰρ πέπρωται ὁμοίην γαῖαν ἐρεῦσαι\nαὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ, ἐπεὶ οὐδʼ ἐμὲ νοστήσαντα\nδέξεται ἐν μεγάροισι γέρων ἱππηλάτα Πηλεὺς\nοὐδὲ Θέτις μήτηρ, ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ γαῖα καθέξει.\nνῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν Πάτροκλε σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν,\nοὔ σε πρὶν κτεριῶ πρίν γʼ Ἕκτορος ἐνθάδʼ ἐνεῖκαι\nτεύχεα καὶ κεφαλὴν μεγαθύμου σοῖο φονῆος·\nδώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε πυρῆς ἀποδειροτομήσω\nΤρώων ἀγλαὰ τέκνα σέθεν κταμένοιο χολωθείς.\nτόφρα δέ μοι παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσι κείσεαι αὔτως,\nἀμφὶ δὲ σὲ Τρῳαὶ καὶ Δαρδανίδες βαθύκολποι\nκλαύσονται νύκτάς τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χέουσαι,\nτὰς αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ\nπιείρας πέρθοντε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων.", "en": "The same soil shall be reddened here at Troy by the blood of us both, for I too shall never be welcomed home by the old knight Peleus, nor by my mother Thetis, but even in this place shall the earth cover me. Nevertheless, O Patroclus, now that I am left behind you, I will not bury you, till I have brought hither the head and armour of mighty Hector who has slain you. Twelve noble sons of Trojans will I behead before your bier to avenge you; till I have done so you shall lie as you are by the ships, and fair women of Troy and Dardanus, whom we have taken with spear and strength of arm when we sacked men’s goodly cities, shall weep over you both night and day.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.343–355", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν, ὄφρα τάχιστα\nΠάτροκλον λούσειαν ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα.\nοἳ δὲ λοετροχόον τρίποδʼ ἵστασαν ἐν πυρὶ κηλέῳ,\nἐν δʼ ἄρʼ ὕδωρ ἔχεαν, ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον ἑλόντες.\nγάστρην μὲν τρίποδος πῦρ ἄμφεπε, θέρμετο δʼ ὕδωρ·\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ ζέσσεν ὕδωρ ἐνὶ ἤνοπι χαλκῷ,\nκαὶ τότε δὴ λοῦσάν τε καὶ ἤλειψαν λίπʼ ἐλαίῳ,\nἐν δʼ ὠτειλὰς πλῆσαν ἀλείφατος ἐννεώροιο·\nἐν λεχέεσσι δὲ θέντες ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν\nἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, καθύπερθε δὲ φάρεϊ λευκῷ.\nπαννύχιοι μὲν ἔπειτα πόδας ταχὺν ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα\nΜυρμιδόνες Πάτροκλον ἀνεστενάχοντο γοῶντες·", "en": "Then Achilles told his men to set a large tripod upon the fire that they might wash the clotted gore from off Patroclus. Thereon they set a tripod full of bath water on to a clear fire: they threw sticks on to it to make it blaze, and the water became hot as the flame played about the belly of the tripod. When the water in the cauldron was boiling they washed the body, anointed it with oil, and closed its wounds with ointment that had been kept nine years. Then they laid it on a bier and covered it with a linen cloth from head to foot, and over this they laid a fair white robe. Thus all night long did the Myrmidons gather round Achilles to mourn Patroclus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.356–367", "orig": "Ζεὺς δʼ Ἥρην προσέειπε κασιγνήτην ἄλοχόν τε·\nἔπρηξας καὶ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη\nἀνστήσασʼ Ἀχιλῆα πόδας ταχύν· ἦ ῥά νυ σεῖο\nἐξ αὐτῆς ἐγένοντο κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·\nαἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.\nκαὶ μὲν δή πού τις μέλλει βροτὸς ἀνδρὶ τελέσσαι,\nὅς περ θνητός τʼ ἐστὶ καὶ οὐ τόσα μήδεα οἶδε·\nπῶς δὴ ἔγωγʼ, ἥ φημι θεάων ἔμμεν ἀρίστη,\nἀμφότερον γενεῇ τε καὶ οὕνεκα σὴ παράκοιτις\nκέκλημαι, σὺ δὲ πᾶσι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἀνάσσεις,\nοὐκ ὄφελον Τρώεσσι κοτεσσαμένη κακὰ ῥάψαι;", "en": "Then Jove said to Juno his sister-wife, “So, Queen Juno, you have gained your end, and have roused fleet Achilles. One would think that the Achaeans were of your own flesh and blood.”\nAnd Juno answered, “Dread son of Saturn, why should you say this thing? May not a man though he be only mortal and knows less than we do, do what he can for another person? And shall not I, foremost of all goddesses both by descent and as wife to you who reign in heaven, devise evil for the Trojans if I am angry with them?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.368–387", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·\nἩφαίστου δʼ ἵκανε δόμον Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα\nἄφθιτον ἀστερόεντα μεταπρεπέʼ ἀθανάτοισι\nχάλκεον, ὅν ῥʼ αὐτὸς ποιήσατο κυλλοποδίων.\nτὸν δʼ εὗρʼ ἱδρώοντα ἑλισσόμενον περὶ φύσας\nσπεύδοντα· τρίποδας γὰρ ἐείκοσι πάντας ἔτευχεν\nἑστάμεναι περὶ τοῖχον ἐϋσταθέος μεγάροιο,\nχρύσεα δέ σφʼ ὑπὸ κύκλα ἑκάστῳ πυθμένι θῆκεν,\nὄφρά οἱ αὐτόματοι θεῖον δυσαίατʼ ἀγῶνα\nἠδʼ αὖτις πρὸς δῶμα νεοίατο θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι.\nοἳ δʼ ἤτοι τόσσον μὲν ἔχον τέλος, οὔατα δʼ οὔ πω\nδαιδάλεα προσέκειτο· τά ῥʼ ἤρτυε, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς.\nὄφρʼ ὅ γε ταῦτʼ ἐπονεῖτο ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι,\nτόφρά οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα.\nτὴν δὲ ἴδε προμολοῦσα Χάρις λιπαροκρήδεμνος\nκαλή, τὴν ὤπυιε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·\nἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτίπτε Θέτι τανύπεπλε ἱκάνεις ἡμέτερον δῶ\nαἰδοίη τε φίλη τε; πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις.\nἀλλʼ ἕπεο προτέρω, ἵνα τοι πὰρ ξείνια θείω.", "en": "Thus did they converse. Meanwhile Thetis came to the house of Vulcan, imperishable, star-bespangled, fairest of the abodes in heaven, a house of bronze wrought by the lame god’s own hands. She found him busy with his bellows, sweating and hard at work, for he was making twenty tripods that were to stand by the wall of his house, and he set wheels of gold under them all that they might go of their own selves to the assemblies of the gods, and come back again, marvels indeed to see. They were finished all but the ears of cunning workmanship which yet remained to be fixed to them: these he was now fixing, and he was hammering at the rivets. While he was thus at work silver-footed Thetis came to the house. Charis, of graceful head-dress, wife to the far-famed lame god, came towards her as soon as she saw her, and took her hand in her own, saying, “Why have you come to our house, Thetis, honoured and ever welcome, for you do not visit us often? Come inside and let me set refreshment before you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.388–409", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πρόσω ἄγε δῖα θεάων.\nτὴν μὲν ἔπειτα καθεῖσεν ἐπὶ θρόνου ἀργυροήλου\nκαλοῦ δαιδαλέου· ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν·\nκέκλετο δʼ Ἥφαιστον κλυτοτέχνην εἶπέ τε μῦθον·\nἭφαιστε πρόμολʼ ὧδε· Θέτις νύ τι σεῖο χατίζει.\nτὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·\nἦ ῥά νύ μοι δεινή τε καὶ αἰδοίη θεὸς ἔνδον,\nἥ μʼ ἐσάωσʼ ὅτε μʼ ἄλγος ἀφίκετο τῆλε πεσόντα\nμητρὸς ἐμῆς ἰότητι κυνώπιδος, ἥ μʼ ἐθέλησε\nκρύψαι χωλὸν ἐόντα· τότʼ ἂν πάθον ἄλγεα θυμῷ,\nεἰ μή μʼ Εὐρυνόμη τε Θέτις θʼ ὑπεδέξατο κόλπῳ\nΕὐρυνόμη θυγάτηρ ἀψορρόου Ὠκεανοῖο.\nτῇσι παρʼ εἰνάετες χάλκευον δαίδαλα πολλά,\nπόρπας τε γναμπτάς θʼ ἕλικας κάλυκάς τε καὶ ὅρμους\nἐν σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ· περὶ δὲ ῥόος Ὠκεανοῖο\nἀφρῷ μορμύρων ῥέεν ἄσπετος· οὐδέ τις ἄλλος\nᾔδεεν οὔτε θεῶν οὔτε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων,\nἀλλὰ Θέτις τε καὶ Εὐρυνόμη ἴσαν, αἵ μʼ ἐσάωσαν.\nἣ νῦν ἡμέτερον δόμον ἵκει· τώ με μάλα χρεὼ\nπάντα Θέτι καλλιπλοκάμῳ ζῳάγρια τίνειν.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν οἱ παράθες ξεινήϊα καλά,\nὄφρʼ ἂν ἐγὼ φύσας ἀποθείομαι ὅπλά τε πάντα.", "en": "The goddess led the way as she spoke, and bade Thetis sit on a richly decorated seat inlaid with silver; there was a footstool also under her feet. Then she called Vulcan and said, “Vulcan, come here, Thetis wants you”; and the far-famed lame god answered, “Then it is indeed an august and honoured goddess who has come here; she it was that took care of me when I was suffering from the heavy fall which I had through my cruel mother’s anger, for she would have got rid of me because I was lame. It would have gone hardly with me had not Eurynome, daughter of the ever-encircling waters of Oceanus, and Thetis, taken me to their bosom. Nine years did I stay with them, and many beautiful works in bronze, brooches, spiral armlets, cups, and chains, did I make for them in their cave, with the roaring waters of Oceanus foaming as they rushed ever past it; and no one knew, neither of gods nor men, save only Thetis and Eurynome who took care of me. If, then, Thetis has come to my house I must make her due requital for having saved me; entertain her, therefore, with all hospitality, while I put by my bellows and all my tools.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.410–427", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ ἀπʼ ἀκμοθέτοιο πέλωρ αἴητον ἀνέστη\nχωλεύων· ὑπὸ δὲ κνῆμαι ῥώοντο ἀραιαί.\nφύσας μέν ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε τίθει πυρός, ὅπλά τε πάντα\nλάρνακʼ ἐς ἀργυρέην συλλέξατο, τοῖς ἐπονεῖτο·\nσπόγγῳ δʼ ἀμφὶ πρόσωπα καὶ ἄμφω χεῖρʼ ἀπομόργνυ\nαὐχένα τε στιβαρὸν καὶ στήθεα λαχνήεντα,\nδῦ δὲ χιτῶνʼ, ἕλε δὲ σκῆπτρον παχύ, βῆ δὲ θύραζε\nχωλεύων· ὑπὸ δʼ ἀμφίπολοι ῥώοντο ἄνακτι\nχρύσειαι ζωῇσι νεήνισιν εἰοικυῖαι.\nτῇς ἐν μὲν νόος ἐστὶ μετὰ φρεσίν, ἐν δὲ καὶ αὐδὴ\nκαὶ σθένος, ἀθανάτων δὲ θεῶν ἄπο ἔργα ἴσασιν.\nαἳ μὲν ὕπαιθα ἄνακτος ἐποίπνυον· αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔρρων\nπλησίον, ἔνθα Θέτις περ, ἐπὶ θρόνου ἷζε φαεινοῦ,\nἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτίπτε Θέτι τανύπεπλε ἱκάνεις ἡμέτερον δῶ\nαἰδοίη τε φίλη τε; πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις.\nαὔδα ὅ τι φρονέεις· τελέσαι δέ με θυμὸς ἄνωγεν,\nεἰ δύναμαι τελέσαι γε καὶ εἰ τετελεσμένον ἐστίν.", "en": "On this the mighty monster hobbled off from his anvil, his thin legs plying lustily under him. He set the bellows away from the fire, and gathered his tools into a silver chest. Then he took a sponge and washed his face and hands, his shaggy chest and brawny neck; he donned his shirt, grasped his strong staff, and limped towards the door. There were golden handmaids also who worked for him, and were like real young women, with sense and reason, voice also and strength, and all the learning of the immortals; these busied themselves as the king bade them, while he drew near to Thetis, seated her upon a goodly seat, and took her hand in his own, saying, “Why have you come to our house, Thetis honoured and ever welcome, for you do not visit us often? Say what you want, and I will do it for you at once if I can, and if it can be done at all.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.428–445", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα·\nἭφαιστʼ, ἦ ἄρα δή τις, ὅσαι θεαί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ,\nτοσσάδʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσιν ἀνέσχετο κήδεα λυγρὰ\nὅσσʼ ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκεν;\nἐκ μέν μʼ ἀλλάων ἁλιάων ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν\nΑἰακίδῃ Πηλῆϊ, καὶ ἔτλην ἀνέρος εὐνὴν\nπολλὰ μάλʼ οὐκ ἐθέλουσα. ὃ μὲν δὴ γήραϊ λυγρῷ\nκεῖται ἐνὶ μεγάροις ἀρημένος, ἄλλα δέ μοι νῦν·\nυἱὸν ἐπεί μοι δῶκε γενέσθαί τε τραφέμεν τε\nἔξοχον ἡρώων· ὃ δʼ ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶσος·\nτὸν μὲν ἐγὼ θρέψασα φυτὸν ὣς γουνῷ ἀλωῆς\nνηυσὶν ἐπιπροέηκα κορωνίσιν Ἴλιον εἴσω\nΤρωσὶ μαχησόμενον· τὸν δʼ οὐχ ὑποδέξομαι αὖτις\nοἴκαδε νοστήσαντα δόμον Πηλήϊον εἴσω.\nὄφρα δέ μοι ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο\nἄχνυται, οὐδέ τί οἱ δύναμαι χραισμῆσαι ἰοῦσα.\nκούρην ἣν ἄρα οἱ γέρας ἔξελον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,\nτὴν ἂψ ἐκ χειρῶν ἕλετο κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων.", "en": "Thetis wept and answered, “Vulcan, is there another goddess in Olympus whom the son of Saturn has been pleased to try with so much affliction as he has me? Me alone of the marine goddesses did he make subject to a mortal husband, Peleus son of Aeacus, and sorely against my will did I submit to the embraces of one who was but mortal, and who now stays at home worn out with age. Neither is this all. Heaven vouchsafed me a son, hero among heroes, and he shot up as a sapling. I tended him as a plant in a goodly garden and sent him with his ships to Ilius to fight the Trojans, but never shall I welcome him back to the house of Peleus. So long as he lives to look upon the light of the sun, he is in heaviness, and though I go to him I cannot help him; King Agamemnon has made him give up the maiden whom the sons of the Achaeans had awarded him, and he wastes with sorrow for her sake." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.446–461", "orig": "ἤτοι ὃ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς\nΤρῶες ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσιν ἐείλεον, οὐδὲ θύραζε\nεἴων ἐξιέναι· τὸν δὲ λίσσοντο γέροντες\nἈργείων, καὶ πολλὰ περικλυτὰ δῶρʼ ὀνόμαζον.\nἔνθʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἠναίνετο λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι,\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Πάτροκλον περὶ μὲν τὰ ἃ τεύχεα ἕσσε,\nπέμπε δέ μιν πόλεμον δέ, πολὺν δʼ ἅμα λαὸν ὄπασσε.\nπᾶν δʼ ἦμαρ μάρναντο περὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσι·\nκαί νύ κεν αὐτῆμαρ πόλιν ἔπραθον, εἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων\nπολλὰ κακὰ ῥέξαντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν\nἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε.\nτοὔνεκα νῦν τὰ σὰ γούναθʼ ἱκάνομαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα\nυἱεῖ ἐμῷ ὠκυμόρῳ δόμεν ἀσπίδα καὶ τρυφάλειαν\nκαὶ καλὰς κνημῖδας ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας\nκαὶ θώρηχʼ· ὃ γὰρ ἦν οἱ ἀπώλεσε πιστὸς ἑταῖρος\nΤρωσὶ δαμείς· ὃ δὲ κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονὶ θυμὸν ἀχεύων.", "en": "Then the Trojans hemmed the Achaeans in at their ships’ sterns and would not let them come forth; the elders, therefore, of the Argives besought Achilles and offered him great treasure, whereon he refused to bring deliverance to them himself, but put his own armour on Patroclus and sent him into the fight with much people after him. All day long they fought by the Scaean gates and would have taken the city there and then, had not Apollo vouchsafed glory to Hector and slain the valiant son of Menoetius after he had done the Trojans much evil. Therefore I am suppliant at your knees if haply you may be pleased to provide my son, whose end is near at hand, with helmet and shield, with goodly greaves fitted with ancle-clasps, and with a breastplate, for he lost his own when his true comrade fell at the hands of the Trojans, and he now lies stretched on earth in the bitterness of his soul.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.462–477", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις·\nθάρσει· μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.\nαἲ γάρ μιν θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ὧδε δυναίμην\nνόσφιν ἀποκρύψαι, ὅτε μιν μόρος αἰνὸς ἱκάνοι,\nὥς οἱ τεύχεα καλὰ παρέσσεται, οἷά τις αὖτε\nἀνθρώπων πολέων θαυμάσσεται, ὅς κεν ἴδηται.\nὣς εἰπὼν τὴν μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ, βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ φύσας·\nτὰς δʼ ἐς πῦρ ἔτρεψε κέλευσέ τε ἐργάζεσθαι.\nφῦσαι δʼ ἐν χοάνοισιν ἐείκοσι πᾶσαι ἐφύσων\nπαντοίην εὔπρηστον ἀϋτμὴν ἐξανιεῖσαι,\nἄλλοτε μὲν σπεύδοντι παρέμμεναι, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε,\nὅππως Ἥφαιστός τʼ ἐθέλοι καὶ ἔργον ἄνοιτο.\nχαλκὸν δʼ ἐν πυρὶ βάλλεν ἀτειρέα κασσίτερόν τε\nκαὶ χρυσὸν τιμῆντα καὶ ἄργυρον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nθῆκεν ἐν ἀκμοθέτῳ μέγαν ἄκμονα, γέντο δὲ χειρὶ\nῥαιστῆρα κρατερήν, ἑτέρηφι δὲ γέντο πυράγρην.", "en": "And Vulcan answered, “Take heart, and be no more disquieted about this matter; would that I could hide him from death’s sight when his hour is come, so surely as I can find him armour that shall amaze the eyes of all who behold it.”\nWhen he had so said he left her and went to his bellows, turning them towards the fire and bidding them do their office. Twenty bellows blew upon the melting-pots, and they blew blasts of every kind, some fierce to help him when he had need of them, and others less strong as Vulcan willed it in the course of his work. He threw tough copper into the fire, and tin, with silver and gold; he set his great anvil on its block, and with one hand grasped his mighty hammer while he took the tongs in the other." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.478–496", "orig": "ποίει δὲ πρώτιστα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε\nπάντοσε δαιδάλλων, περὶ δʼ ἄντυγα βάλλε φαεινὴν\nτρίπλακα μαρμαρέην, ἐκ δʼ ἀργύρεον τελαμῶνα.\nπέντε δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτοῦ ἔσαν σάκεος πτύχες· αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ\nποίει δαίδαλα πολλὰ ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσιν.\nἐν μὲν γαῖαν ἔτευξʼ, ἐν δʼ οὐρανόν, ἐν δὲ θάλασσαν,\nἠέλιόν τʼ ἀκάμαντα σελήνην τε πλήθουσαν,\nἐν δὲ τὰ τείρεα πάντα, τά τʼ οὐρανὸς ἐστεφάνωται,\nΠληϊάδας θʼ Ὑάδας τε τό τε σθένος Ὠρίωνος\nἌρκτόν θʼ, ἣν καὶ Ἄμαξαν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν,\nἥ τʼ αὐτοῦ στρέφεται καί τʼ Ὠρίωνα δοκεύει,\nοἴη δʼ ἄμμορός ἐστι λοετρῶν Ὠκεανοῖο.\nἐν δὲ δύω ποίησε πόλεις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων\nκαλάς. ἐν τῇ μέν ῥα γάμοι τʼ ἔσαν εἰλαπίναι τε,\nνύμφας δʼ ἐκ θαλάμων δαΐδων ὕπο λαμπομενάων\nἠγίνεον ἀνὰ ἄστυ, πολὺς δʼ ὑμέναιος ὀρώρει·\nκοῦροι δʼ ὀρχηστῆρες ἐδίνεον, ἐν δʼ ἄρα τοῖσιν\nαὐλοὶ φόρμιγγές τε βοὴν ἔχον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες\nἱστάμεναι θαύμαζον ἐπὶ προθύροισιν ἑκάστη.", "en": "First he shaped the shield so great and strong, adorning it all over and binding it round with a gleaming circuit in three layers; and the baldric was made of silver. He made the shield in five thicknesses, and with many a wonder did his cunning hand enrich it.\nHe wrought the earth, the heavens, and the sea; the moon also at her full and the untiring sun, with all the signs that glorify the face of heaven, the Pleiads, the Hyads, huge Orion, and the Bear, which men also call the Wain and which turns round ever in one place, facing Orion, and alone never dips into the stream of Oceanus.\nHe wrought also two cities, fair to see and busy with the hum of men. In the one were weddings and wedding-feasts, and they were going about the city with brides whom they were escorting by torchlight from their chambers. Loud rose the cry of Hymen, and the youths danced to the music of flute and lyre, while the women stood each at her house door to see them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.497–508", "orig": "λαοὶ δʼ εἰν ἀγορῇ ἔσαν ἀθρόοι· ἔνθα δὲ νεῖκος\nὠρώρει, δύο δʼ ἄνδρες ἐνείκεον εἵνεκα ποινῆς\nἀνδρὸς ἀποφθιμένου· ὃ μὲν εὔχετο πάντʼ ἀποδοῦναι\nδήμῳ πιφαύσκων, ὃ δʼ ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι·\nἄμφω δʼ ἱέσθην ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσθαι.\nλαοὶ δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἐπήπυον ἀμφὶς ἀρωγοί·\nκήρυκες δʼ ἄρα λαὸν ἐρήτυον· οἳ δὲ γέροντες\nεἵατʼ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοις ἱερῷ ἐνὶ κύκλῳ,\nσκῆπτρα δὲ κηρύκων ἐν χέρσʼ ἔχον ἠεροφώνων·\nτοῖσιν ἔπειτʼ ἤϊσσον, ἀμοιβηδὶς δὲ δίκαζον.\nκεῖτο δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν μέσσοισι δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα,\nτῷ δόμεν ὃς μετὰ τοῖσι δίκην ἰθύντατα εἴποι.", "en": "Meanwhile the people were gathered in assembly, for there was a quarrel, and two men were wrangling about the blood-money for a man who had been killed, the one saying before the people that he had paid damages in full, and the other that he had not been paid. Each was trying to make his own case good, and the people took sides, each man backing the side that he had taken; but the heralds kept them back, and the elders sate on their seats of stone in a solemn circle, holding the staves which the heralds had put into their hands. Then they rose and each in his turn gave judgement, and there were two talents laid down, to be given to him whose judgement should be deemed the fairest." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.509–522", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἑτέρην πόλιν ἀμφὶ δύω στρατοὶ ἥατο λαῶν\nτεύχεσι λαμπόμενοι· δίχα δέ σφισιν ἥνδανε βουλή,\nἠὲ διαπραθέειν ἢ ἄνδιχα πάντα δάσασθαι\nκτῆσιν ὅσην πτολίεθρον ἐπήρατον ἐντὸς ἔεργεν·\nοἳ δʼ οὔ πω πείθοντο, λόχῳ δʼ ὑπεθωρήσσοντο.\nτεῖχος μέν ῥʼ ἄλοχοί τε φίλαι καὶ νήπια τέκνα\nῥύατʼ ἐφεσταότες, μετὰ δʼ ἀνέρες οὓς ἔχε γῆρας·\nοἳ δʼ ἴσαν· ἦρχε δʼ ἄρά σφιν Ἄρης καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nἄμφω χρυσείω, χρύσεια δὲ εἵματα ἕσθην,\nκαλὼ καὶ μεγάλω σὺν τεύχεσιν, ὥς τε θεώ περ\nἀμφὶς ἀριζήλω· λαοὶ δʼ ὑπολίζονες ἦσαν.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἵκανον ὅθι σφίσιν εἶκε λοχῆσαι\nἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τʼ ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν,\nἔνθʼ ἄρα τοί γʼ ἵζοντʼ εἰλυμένοι αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.", "en": "About the other city there lay encamped two hosts in gleaming armour, and they were divided whether to sack it, or to spare it and accept the half of what it contained. But the men of the city would not yet consent, and armed themselves for a surprise; their wives and little children kept guard upon the walls, and with them were the men who were past fighting through age; but the others sallied forth with Mars and Pallas Minerva at their head, both of them wrought in gold and clad in golden raiment, great and fair with their armour as befitting gods, while they that followed were smaller. When they reached the place where they would lay their ambush, it was on a riverbed to which live stock of all kinds would come from far and near to water; here, then, they lay concealed, clad in full armour." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.523–540", "orig": "τοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀπάνευθε δύω σκοποὶ εἵατο λαῶν\nδέγμενοι ὁππότε μῆλα ἰδοίατο καὶ ἕλικας βοῦς.\nοἳ δὲ τάχα προγένοντο, δύω δʼ ἅμʼ ἕποντο νομῆες\nτερπόμενοι σύριγξι· δόλον δʼ οὔ τι προνόησαν.\nοἳ μὲν τὰ προϊδόντες ἐπέδραμον, ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα\nτάμνοντʼ ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας καὶ πώεα καλὰ\nἀργεννέων οἰῶν, κτεῖνον δʼ ἐπὶ μηλοβοτῆρας.\nοἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐπύθοντο πολὺν κέλαδον παρὰ βουσὶν\nεἰράων προπάροιθε καθήμενοι, αὐτίκʼ ἐφʼ ἵππων\nβάντες ἀερσιπόδων μετεκίαθον, αἶψα δʼ ἵκοντο.\nστησάμενοι δʼ ἐμάχοντο μάχην ποταμοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας,\nβάλλον δʼ ἀλλήλους χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν.\nἐν δʼ Ἔρις ἐν δὲ Κυδοιμὸς ὁμίλεον, ἐν δʼ ὀλοὴ Κήρ,\nἄλλον ζωὸν ἔχουσα νεούτατον, ἄλλον ἄουτον,\nἄλλον τεθνηῶτα κατὰ μόθον ἕλκε ποδοῖιν·\nεἷμα δʼ ἔχʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι δαφοινεὸν αἵματι φωτῶν.\nὡμίλευν δʼ ὥς τε ζωοὶ βροτοὶ ἠδʼ ἐμάχοντο,\nνεκρούς τʼ ἀλλήλων ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας.", "en": "Some way off them there were two scouts who were on the look-out for the coming of sheep or cattle, which presently came, followed by two shepherds who were playing on their pipes, and had not so much as a thought of danger. When those who were in ambush saw this, they cut off the flocks and herds and killed the shepherds. Meanwhile the besiegers, when they heard much noise among the cattle as they sat in council, sprang to their horses, and made with all speed towards them; when they reached them they set battle in array by the banks of the river, and the hosts aimed their bronze-shod spears at one another. With them were Strife and Riot, and fell Fate who was dragging three men after her, one with a fresh wound, and the other unwounded, while the third was dead, and she was dragging him along by his heel: and her robe was bedrabbled in men’s blood. They went in and out with one another and fought as though they were living people haling away one another’s dead." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.541–560", "orig": "ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει νειὸν μαλακὴν πίειραν ἄρουραν\nεὐρεῖαν τρίπολον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἀροτῆρες ἐν αὐτῇ\nζεύγεα δινεύοντες ἐλάστρεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.\nοἳ δʼ ὁπότε στρέψαντες ἱκοίατο τέλσον ἀρούρης,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἐν χερσὶ δέπας μελιηδέος οἴνου\nδόσκεν ἀνὴρ ἐπιών· τοὶ δὲ στρέψασκον ἀνʼ ὄγμους,\nἱέμενοι νειοῖο βαθείης τέλσον ἱκέσθαι.\nἣ δὲ μελαίνετʼ ὄπισθεν, ἀρηρομένῃ δὲ ἐῴκει,\nχρυσείη περ ἐοῦσα· τὸ δὴ περὶ θαῦμα τέτυκτο.\nἐν δʼ ἐτίθει τέμενος βασιλήϊον· ἔνθα δʼ ἔριθοι\nἤμων ὀξείας δρεπάνας ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες.\nδράγματα δʼ ἄλλα μετʼ ὄγμον ἐπήτριμα πῖπτον ἔραζε,\nἄλλα δʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐν ἐλλεδανοῖσι δέοντο.\nτρεῖς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμαλλοδετῆρες ἐφέστασαν· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθε\nπαῖδες δραγμεύοντες ἐν ἀγκαλίδεσσι φέροντες\nἀσπερχὲς πάρεχον· βασιλεὺς δʼ ἐν τοῖσι σιωπῇ\nσκῆπτρον ἔχων ἑστήκει ἐπʼ ὄγμου γηθόσυνος κῆρ.\nκήρυκες δʼ ἀπάνευθεν ὑπὸ δρυῒ δαῖτα πένοντο,\nβοῦν δʼ ἱερεύσαντες μέγαν ἄμφεπον· αἳ δὲ γυναῖκες\nδεῖπνον ἐρίθοισιν λεύκʼ ἄλφιτα πολλὰ πάλυνον.", "en": "He wrought also a fair fallow field, large and thrice ploughed already. Many men were working at the plough within it, turning their oxen to and fro, furrow after furrow. Each time that they turned on reaching the headland a man would come up to them and give them a cup of wine, and they would go back to their furrows looking forward to the time when they should again reach the headland. The part that they had ploughed was dark behind them, so that the field, though it was of gold, still looked as if it were being ploughed, very curious to behold.\nHe wrought also a field of harvest corn, and the reapers were reaping with sharp sickles in their hands. Swathe after swathe fell to the ground in a straight line behind them, and the binders bound them in bands of twisted straw. There were three binders, and behind them there were boys who gathered the cut corn in armfuls and kept on bringing them to be bound: among them all the owner of the land stood by in silence and was glad. The servants were getting a meal ready under an oak, for they had sacrificed a great ox, and were busy cutting him up, while the women were making a porridge of much white barley for the labourers’ dinner." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.561–572", "orig": "ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει σταφυλῇσι μέγα βρίθουσαν ἀλωὴν\nκαλὴν χρυσείην· μέλανες δʼ ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦσαν,\nἑστήκει δὲ κάμαξι διαμπερὲς ἀργυρέῃσιν.\nἀμφὶ δὲ κυανέην κάπετον, περὶ δʼ ἕρκος ἔλασσε\nκασσιτέρου· μία δʼ οἴη ἀταρπιτὸς ἦεν ἐπʼ αὐτήν,\nτῇ νίσοντο φορῆες ὅτε τρυγόῳεν ἀλωήν.\nπαρθενικαὶ δὲ καὶ ἠΐθεοι ἀταλὰ φρονέοντες\nπλεκτοῖς ἐν ταλάροισι φέρον μελιηδέα καρπόν.\nτοῖσιν δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι πάϊς φόρμιγγι λιγείῃ\nἱμερόεν κιθάριζε, λίνον δʼ ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄειδε\nλεπταλέῃ φωνῇ· τοὶ δὲ ῥήσσοντες ἁμαρτῇ\nμολπῇ τʼ ἰυγμῷ τε ποσὶ σκαίροντες ἕποντο.", "en": "He wrought also a vineyard, golden and fair to see, and the vines were loaded with grapes. The bunches overhead were black, but the vines were trained on poles of silver. He ran a ditch of dark metal all round it, and fenced it with a fence of tin; there was only one path to it, and by this the vintagers went when they would gather the vintage. Youths and maidens all blithe and full of glee, carried the luscious fruit in plaited baskets; and with them there went a boy who made sweet music with his lyre, and sang the Linos-song with his clear boyish voice." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.573–589", "orig": "ἐν δʼ ἀγέλην ποίησε βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων·\nαἳ δὲ βόες χρυσοῖο τετεύχατο κασσιτέρου τε,\nμυκηθμῷ δʼ ἀπὸ κόπρου ἐπεσσεύοντο νομὸν δὲ\nπὰρ ποταμὸν κελάδοντα, παρὰ ῥοδανὸν δονακῆα.\nχρύσειοι δὲ νομῆες ἅμʼ ἐστιχόωντο βόεσσι\nτέσσαρες, ἐννέα δέ σφι κύνες πόδας ἀργοὶ ἕποντο.\nσμερδαλέω δὲ λέοντε δύʼ ἐν πρώτῃσι βόεσσι\nταῦρον ἐρύγμηλον ἐχέτην· ὃ δὲ μακρὰ μεμυκὼς\nἕλκετο· τὸν δὲ κύνες μετεκίαθον ἠδʼ αἰζηοί.\nτὼ μὲν ἀναρρήξαντε βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην\nἔγκατα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα λαφύσσετον· οἳ δὲ νομῆες\nαὔτως ἐνδίεσαν ταχέας κύνας ὀτρύνοντες.\nοἳ δʼ ἤτοι δακέειν μὲν ἀπετρωπῶντο λεόντων,\nἱστάμενοι δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγὺς ὑλάκτεον ἔκ τʼ ἀλέοντο.\nἐν δὲ νομὸν ποίησε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις\nἐν καλῇ βήσσῃ μέγαν οἰῶν ἀργεννάων,\nσταθμούς τε κλισίας τε κατηρεφέας ἰδὲ σηκούς.", "en": "He wrought also a herd of horned cattle. He made the cows of gold and tin, and they lowed as they came full speed out of the yards to go and feed among the waving reeds that grow by the banks of the river. Along with the cattle there went four shepherds, all of them in gold, and their nine fleet dogs went with them. Two terrible lions had fastened on a bellowing bull that was with the foremost cows, and bellow as he might they haled him, while the dogs and men gave chase: the lions tore through the bull’s thick hide and were gorging on his blood and bowels, but the herdsmen were afraid to do anything, and only hounded on their dogs; the dogs dared not fasten on the lions but stood by barking and keeping out of harm’s way.\nThe god wrought also a pasture in a fair mountain dell, and a large flock of sheep, with a homestead and huts, and sheltered sheepfolds." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.590–606", "orig": "ἐν δὲ χορὸν ποίκιλλε περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις,\nτῷ ἴκελον οἷόν ποτʼ ἐνὶ Κνωσῷ εὐρείῃ\nΔαίδαλος ἤσκησεν καλλιπλοκάμῳ Ἀριάδνῃ.\nἔνθα μὲν ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι ἀλφεσίβοιαι\nὀρχεῦντʼ ἀλλήλων ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρας ἔχοντες.\nτῶν δʼ αἳ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ χιτῶνας\nεἵατʼ ἐϋννήτους, ἦκα στίλβοντας ἐλαίῳ·\nκαί ῥʼ αἳ μὲν καλὰς στεφάνας ἔχον, οἳ δὲ μαχαίρας\nεἶχον χρυσείας ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων.\nοἳ δʼ ὁτὲ μὲν θρέξασκον ἐπισταμένοισι πόδεσσι\nῥεῖα μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τις τροχὸν ἄρμενον ἐν παλάμῃσιν\nἑζόμενος κεραμεὺς πειρήσεται, αἴ κε θέῃσιν·\nἄλλοτε δʼ αὖ θρέξασκον ἐπὶ στίχας ἀλλήλοισι.\nπολλὸς δʼ ἱμερόεντα χορὸν περιίσταθʼ ὅμιλος\nτερπόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφιν ἐμέλπετο θεῖος ἀοιδὸς\nφορμίζων· δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε κατʼ αὐτοὺς\nμολπῆς ἐξάρχοντες ἐδίνευον κατὰ μέσσους.", "en": "Furthermore he wrought a green, like that which Daedalus once made in Cnossus for lovely Ariadne. Hereon there danced youths and maidens whom all would woo, with their hands on one another’s wrists. The maidens wore robes of light linen, and the youths well woven shirts that were slightly oiled. The girls were crowned with garlands, while the young men had daggers of gold that hung by silver baldrics; sometimes they would dance deftly in a ring with merry twinkling feet, as it were a potter sitting at his work and making trial of his wheel to see whether it will run, and sometimes they would go all in line with one another, and much people was gathered joyously about the green. There was a bard also to sing to them and play his lyre, while two tumblers went about performing in the midst of them when the man struck up with his tune." }, { "ref": "Iliad 18.607–617", "orig": "ἐν δʼ ἐτίθει ποταμοῖο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο\nἄντυγα πὰρ πυμάτην σάκεος πύκα ποιητοῖο.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τεῦξε σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε,\nτεῦξʼ ἄρα οἱ θώρηκα φαεινότερον πυρὸς αὐγῆς,\nτεῦξε δέ οἱ κόρυθα βριαρὴν κροτάφοις ἀραρυῖαν\nκαλὴν δαιδαλέην, ἐπὶ δὲ χρύσεον λόφον ἧκε,\nτεῦξε δέ οἱ κνημῖδας ἑανοῦ κασσιτέροιο.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθʼ ὅπλα κάμε κλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις,\nμητρὸς Ἀχιλλῆος θῆκε προπάροιθεν ἀείρας.\nἣ δʼ ἴρηξ ὣς ἆλτο κατʼ Οὐλύμπου νιφόεντος\nτεύχεα μαρμαίροντα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο φέρουσα.", "en": "All round the outermost rim of the shield he set the mighty stream of the river Oceanus.\nThen when he had fashioned the shield so great and strong, he made a breastplate also that shone brighter than fire. He made a helmet, close fitting to the brow, and richly worked, with a golden plume overhanging it; and he made greaves also of beaten tin.\nLastly, when the famed lame god had made all the armour, he took it and set it before the mother of Achilles; whereon she darted like a falcon from the snowy summits of Olympus and bore away the gleaming armour from the house of Vulcan." } ], "19": [ { "ref": "Iliad 19.1–11", "orig": "Ἠὼς μὲν κροκόπεπλος ἀπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων\nὄρνυθʼ, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσιν·\nἣ δʼ ἐς νῆας ἵκανε θεοῦ πάρα δῶρα φέρουσα.\nεὗρε δὲ Πατρόκλῳ περικείμενον ὃν φίλον υἱὸν\nκλαίοντα λιγέως· πολέες δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι\nμύρονθʼ· ἣ δʼ ἐν τοῖσι παρίστατο δῖα θεάων,\nἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτέκνον ἐμὸν τοῦτον μὲν ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ\nκεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα θεῶν ἰότητι δαμάσθη·\nτύνη δʼ Ἡφαίστοιο πάρα κλυτὰ τεύχεα δέξο\nκαλὰ μάλʼ, οἷʼ οὔ πώ τις ἀνὴρ ὤμοισι φόρησεν.", "en": "Now when Dawn in robe of saffron was hasting from the streams of Oceanus, to bring light to mortals and immortals, Thetis reached the ships with the armour that the god had given her. She found her son fallen about the body of Patroclus and weeping bitterly. Many also of his followers were weeping round him, but when the goddess came among them she clasped his hand in her own, saying, “My son, grieve as we may we must let this man lie, for it is by heaven’s will that he has fallen; now, therefore, accept from Vulcan this rich and goodly armour, which no man has ever yet borne upon his shoulders.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.12–27", "orig": "ὡς ἄρα φωνήσασα θεὰ κατὰ τεύχεʼ ἔθηκε\nπρόσθεν Ἀχιλλῆος· τὰ δʼ ἀνέβραχε δαίδαλα πάντα.\nΜυρμιδόνας δʼ ἄρα πάντας ἕλε τρόμος, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη\nἄντην εἰσιδέειν, ἀλλʼ ἔτρεσαν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nὡς εἶδʼ, ὥς μιν μᾶλλον ἔδυ χόλος, ἐν δέ οἱ ὄσσε\nδεινὸν ὑπὸ βλεφάρων ὡς εἰ σέλας ἐξεφάανθεν·\nτέρπετο δʼ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔχων θεοῦ ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ φρεσὶν ᾗσι τετάρπετο δαίδαλα λεύσσων\nαὐτίκα μητέρα ἣν ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nμῆτερ ἐμὴ τὰ μὲν ὅπλα θεὸς πόρεν οἷʼ ἐπιεικὲς\nἔργʼ ἔμεν ἀθανάτων, μὴ δὲ βροτὸν ἄνδρα τελέσσαι.\nνῦν δʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ θωρήξομαι· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς\nδείδω μή μοι τόφρα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν\nμυῖαι καδδῦσαι κατὰ χαλκοτύπους ὠτειλὰς\nεὐλὰς ἐγγείνωνται, ἀεικίσσωσι δὲ νεκρόν,\nἐκ δʼ αἰὼν πέφαται, κατὰ δὲ χρόα πάντα σαπήῃ.", "en": "As she spoke she set the armour before Achilles, and it rang out bravely as she did so. The Myrmidons were struck with awe, and none dared look full at it, for they were afraid; but Achilles was roused to still greater fury, and his eyes gleamed with a fierce light, for he was glad when he handled the splendid present which the god had made him. Then, as soon as he had satisfied himself with looking at it, he said to his mother, “Mother, the god has given me armour, meet handiwork for an immortal and such as no-one living could have fashioned; I will now arm, but I much fear that flies will settle upon the son of Menoetius and breed worms about his wounds, so that his body, now he is dead, will be disfigured and the flesh will rot.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.28–39", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα·\nτέκνον μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.\nτῷ μὲν ἐγὼ πειρήσω ἀλαλκεῖν ἄγρια φῦλα\nμυίας, αἵ ῥά τε φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους κατέδουσιν·\nἤν περ γὰρ κεῖταί γε τελεσφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν,\nαἰεὶ τῷ γʼ ἔσται χρὼς ἔμπεδος, ἢ καὶ ἀρείων.\nἀλλὰ σύ γʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν καλέσας ἥρωας Ἀχαιοὺς\nμῆνιν ἀποειπὼν Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν\nαἶψα μάλʼ ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσεο, δύσεο δʼ ἀλκήν.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα μένος πολυθαρσὲς ἐνῆκε,\nΠατρόκλῳ δʼ αὖτʼ ἀμβροσίην καὶ νέκταρ ἐρυθρὸν\nστάξε κατὰ ῥινῶν, ἵνα οἱ χρὼς ἔμπεδος εἴη.", "en": "Silver-footed Thetis answered, “My son, be not disquieted about this matter. I will find means to protect him from the swarms of noisome flies that prey on the bodies of men who have been killed in battle. He may lie for a whole year, and his flesh shall still be as sound as ever, or even sounder. Call, therefore, the Achaean heroes in assembly; unsay your anger against Agamemnon; arm at once, and fight with might and main.”\nAs she spoke she put strength and courage into his heart, and she then dropped ambrosia and red nectar into the wounds of Patroclus, that his body might suffer no change." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.40–53", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ παρὰ θῖνα θαλάσσης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nσμερδαλέα ἰάχων, ὦρσεν δʼ ἥρωας Ἀχαιούς.\nκαί ῥʼ οἵ περ τὸ πάρος γε νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι μένεσκον\nοἵ τε κυβερνῆται καὶ ἔχον οἰήϊα νηῶν\nκαὶ ταμίαι παρὰ νηυσὶν ἔσαν σίτοιο δοτῆρες,\nκαὶ μὴν οἳ τότε γʼ εἰς ἀγορὴν ἴσαν, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.\nτὼ δὲ δύω σκάζοντε βάτην Ἄρεος θεράποντε\nΤυδεΐδης τε μενεπτόλεμος καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nἔγχει ἐρειδομένω· ἔτι γὰρ ἔχον ἕλκεα λυγρά·\nκὰδ δὲ μετὰ πρώτῃ ἀγορῇ ἵζοντο κιόντες.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ δεύτατος ἦλθεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nἕλκος ἔχων· καὶ γὰρ τὸν ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ\nοὖτα Κόων Ἀντηνορίδης χαλκήρεϊ δουρί.", "en": "Then Achilles went out upon the sea-shore, and with a loud cry called on the Achaean heroes. On this even those who as yet had stayed always at the ships, the pilots and helmsmen, and even the stewards who were about the ships and served out rations, all came to the place of assembly because Achilles had shown himself after having held aloof so long from fighting. Two sons of Mars, Ulysses and the son of Tydeus, came limping, for their wounds still pained them; nevertheless they came, and took their seats in the front row of the assembly. Last of all came Agamemnon, king of men, he too wounded, for Coon son of Antenor had struck him with a spear in battle." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.54–73", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ πάντες ἀολλίσθησαν Ἀχαιοί,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἀνιστάμενος μετέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη ἦ ἄρ τι τόδʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν ἄρειον\nἔπλετο σοὶ καὶ ἐμοί, ὅ τε νῶΐ περ ἀχνυμένω κῆρ\nθυμοβόρῳ ἔριδι μενεήναμεν εἵνεκα κούρης;\nτὴν ὄφελʼ ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις ἰῷ\nἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἐγὼν ἑλόμην Λυρνησσὸν ὀλέσσας·\nτώ κʼ οὐ τόσσοι Ἀχαιοὶ ὀδὰξ ἕλον ἄσπετον οὖδας\nδυσμενέων ὑπὸ χερσὶν ἐμεῦ ἀπομηνίσαντος.\nἝκτορι μὲν καὶ Τρωσὶ τὸ κέρδιον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς\nδηρὸν ἐμῆς καὶ σῆς ἔριδος μνήσεσθαι ὀΐω.\nἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ\nθυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ·\nνῦν δʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ παύω χόλον, οὐδέ τί με χρὴ\nἀσκελέως αἰεὶ μενεαινέμεν· ἀλλʼ ἄγε θᾶσσον\nὄτρυνον πόλεμον δὲ κάρη κομόωντας Ἀχαιούς,\nὄφρʼ ἔτι καὶ Τρώων πειρήσομαι ἀντίον ἐλθὼν\nαἴ κʼ ἐθέλωσʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύειν· ἀλλά τινʼ οἴω\nἀσπασίως αὐτῶν γόνυ κάμψειν, ὅς κε φύγῃσι\nδηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο ὑπʼ ἔγχεος ἡμετέροιο.", "en": "When the Achaeans were got together Achilles rose and said, “Son of Atreus, surely it would have been better alike for both you and me, when we two were in such high anger about Briseis, surely it would have been better, had Diana’s arrow slain her at the ships on the day when I took her after having sacked Lyrnessus. For so, many an Achaean the less would have bitten dust before the foe in the days of my anger. It has been well for Hector and the Trojans, but the Achaeans will long indeed remember our quarrel. Now, however, let it be, for it is over. If we have been angry, necessity has schooled our anger. I put it from me: I dare not nurse it for ever; therefore, bid the Achaeans arm forthwith that I may go out against the Trojans, and learn whether they will be in a mind to sleep by the ships or no. Glad, I ween, will he be to rest his knees who may fly my spear when I wield it.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.74–94", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐχάρησαν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nμῆνιν ἀπειπόντος μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος.\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nαὐτόθεν ἐξ ἕδρης, οὐδʼ ἐν μέσσοισιν ἀναστάς·\nὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος\nἑσταότος μὲν καλὸν ἀκούειν, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν\nὑββάλλειν· χαλεπὸν γὰρ ἐπισταμένῳ περ ἐόντι.\nἀνδρῶν δʼ ἐν πολλῷ ὁμάδῳ πῶς κέν τις ἀκούσαι\nἢ εἴποι; βλάβεται δὲ λιγύς περ ἐὼν ἀγορητής.\nΠηλεΐδῃ μὲν ἐγὼν ἐνδείξομαι· αὐτὰρ οἱ ἄλλοι\nσύνθεσθʼ Ἀργεῖοι, μῦθόν τʼ εὖ γνῶτε ἕκαστος.\nπολλάκι δή μοι τοῦτον Ἀχαιοὶ μῦθον ἔειπον\nκαί τέ με νεικείεσκον· ἐγὼ δʼ οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι,\nἀλλὰ Ζεὺς καὶ Μοῖρα καὶ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινύς,\nοἵ τέ μοι εἰν ἀγορῇ φρεσὶν ἔμβαλον ἄγριον ἄτην,\nἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ Ἀχιλλῆος γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπηύρων.\nἀλλὰ τί κεν ῥέξαιμι; θεὸς διὰ πάντα τελευτᾷ.\nπρέσβα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται,\nοὐλομένη· τῇ μέν θʼ ἁπαλοὶ πόδες· οὐ γὰρ ἐπʼ οὔδει\nπίλναται, ἀλλʼ ἄρα ἥ γε κατʼ ἀνδρῶν κράατα βαίνει\nβλάπτουσʼ ἀνθρώπους· κατὰ δʼ οὖν ἕτερόν γε πέδησε.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and the Achaeans rejoiced in that he had put away his anger.\nThen Agamemnon spoke, rising in his place, and not going into the middle of the assembly. “Danaan heroes,” said he, “servants of Mars, it is well to listen when a man stands up to speak, and it is not seemly to interrupt him, or it will go hard even with a practised speaker. Who can either hear or speak in an uproar? Even the finest orator will be disconcerted by it. I will expound to the son of Peleus, and do you other Achaeans heed me and mark me well. Often have the Achaeans spoken to me of this matter and upbraided me, but it was not I that did it: Jove, and Fate, and Erinys that walks in darkness struck me mad when we were assembled on the day that I took from Achilles the meed that had been awarded to him. What could I do? All things are in the hand of heaven, and Folly, eldest of Jove’s daughters, shuts men’s eyes to their destruction. She walks delicately, not on the solid earth, but hovers over the heads of men to make them stumble or to ensnare them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.95–111", "orig": "καὶ γὰρ δή νύ ποτε Ζεὺς ἄσατο, τόν περ ἄριστον\nἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ θεῶν φασʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ τὸν\nἭρη θῆλυς ἐοῦσα δολοφροσύνῃς ἀπάτησεν,\nἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἔμελλε βίην Ἡρακληείην\nἈλκμήνη τέξεσθαι ἐϋστεφάνῳ ἐνὶ Θήβῃ.\nἤτοι ὅ γʼ εὐχόμενος μετέφη πάντεσσι θεοῖσι·\nκέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι,\nὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνώγει.\nσήμερον ἄνδρα φόως δὲ μογοστόκος Εἰλείθυια\nἐκφανεῖ, ὃς πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξει,\nτῶν ἀνδρῶν γενεῆς οἵ θʼ αἵματος ἐξ ἐμεῦ εἰσί.\nτὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη·\nψευστήσεις, οὐδʼ αὖτε τέλος μύθῳ ἐπιθήσεις.\nεἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον Ὀλύμπιε καρτερὸν ὅρκον,\nἦ μὲν τὸν πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξειν\nὅς κεν ἐπʼ ἤματι τῷδε πέσῃ μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικὸς\nτῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης.", "en": "“Time was when she fooled Jove himself, who they say is greatest whether of gods or men; for Juno, woman though she was, beguiled him on the day when Alcmena was to bring forth mighty Hercules in the fair city of Thebes. He told it out among the gods saying, ‘Hear me, all gods and goddesses, that I may speak even as I am minded; this day shall an Ilithuia, helper of women who are in labour, bring a man child into the world who shall be lord over all that dwell about him who are of my blood and lineage.’ Then said Juno all crafty and full of guile, ‘You will play false, and will not hold to your word. Swear me, O Olympian, swear me a great oath, that he who shall this day fall between the feet of a woman, shall be lord over all that dwell about him who are of your blood and lineage.’" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.112–124", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατο· Ζεὺς δʼ οὔ τι δολοφροσύνην ἐνόησεν,\nἀλλʼ ὄμοσεν μέγαν ὅρκον, ἔπειτα δὲ πολλὸν ἀάσθη.\nἭρη δʼ ἀΐξασα λίπεν ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο,\nκαρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκετʼ Ἄργος Ἀχαιικόν, ἔνθʼ ἄρα ᾔδη\nἰφθίμην ἄλοχον Σθενέλου Περσηϊάδαο.\nἣ δʼ ἐκύει φίλον υἱόν, ὃ δʼ ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς·\nἐκ δʼ ἄγαγε πρὸ φόως δὲ καὶ ἠλιτόμηνον ἐόντα,\nἈλκμήνης δʼ ἀπέπαυσε τόκον, σχέθε δʼ Εἰλειθυίας.\nαὐτὴ δʼ ἀγγελέουσα Δία Κρονίωνα προσηύδα·\nΖεῦ πάτερ ἀργικέραυνε ἔπος τί τοι ἐν φρεσὶ θήσω·\nἤδη ἀνὴρ γέγονʼ ἐσθλὸς ὃς Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάξει\nΕὐρυσθεὺς Σθενέλοιο πάϊς Περσηϊάδαο\nσὸν γένος· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀνασσέμεν Ἀργείοισιν.", "en": "“Thus she spoke, and Jove suspected her not, but swore the great oath, to his much ruing thereafter. For Juno darted down from the high summit of Olympus, and went in haste to Achaean Argos where she knew that the noble wife of Sthenelus son of Perseus then was. She being with child and in her seventh month, Juno brought the child to birth though there was a month still wanting, but she stayed the offspring of Alcmena, and kept back the Ilithuiae. Then she went to tell Jove the son of Saturn, and said, ‘Father Jove, lord of the lightning, I have a word for your ear. There is a fine child born this day, Eurystheus, son to Sthenelus the son of Perseus; he is of your lineage; it is well, therefore, that he should reign over the Argives.’" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.125–144", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχος ὀξὺ κατὰ φρένα τύψε βαθεῖαν·\nαὐτίκα δʼ εἷλʼ Ἄτην κεφαλῆς λιπαροπλοκάμοιο\nχωόμενος φρεσὶν ᾗσι, καὶ ὤμοσε καρτερὸν ὅρκον\nμή ποτʼ ἐς Οὔλυμπόν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα\nαὖτις ἐλεύσεσθαι Ἄτην, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἔρριψεν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος\nχειρὶ περιστρέψας· τάχα δʼ ἵκετο ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων.\nτὴν αἰεὶ στενάχεσχʼ ὅθʼ ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ὁρῷτο\nἔργον ἀεικὲς ἔχοντα ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων.\nὣς καὶ ἐγών, ὅτε δʼ αὖτε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ\nἈργείους ὀλέκεσκεν ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν,\nοὐ δυνάμην λελαθέσθʼ Ἄτης ᾗ πρῶτον ἀάσθην.\nἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην καί μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς,\nἂψ ἐθέλω ἀρέσαι, δόμεναί τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα·\nἀλλʼ ὄρσευ πόλεμον δὲ καὶ ἄλλους ὄρνυθι λαούς.\nδῶρα δʼ ἐγὼν ὅδε πάντα παρασχέμεν ὅσσά τοι ἐλθὼν\nχθιζὸς ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ὑπέσχετο δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς.\nεἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις, ἐπίμεινον ἐπειγόμενός περ Ἄρηος,\nδῶρα δέ τοι θεράποντες ἐμῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἑλόντες\nοἴσουσʼ, ὄφρα ἴδηαι ὅ τοι μενοεικέα δώσω.", "en": "“On this Jove was stung to the very quick, and in his rage he caught Folly by the hair, and swore a great oath that never should she again invade starry heaven and Olympus, for she was the bane of all. Then he whirled her round with a twist of his hand, and flung her down from heaven so that she fell on to the fields of mortal men; and he was ever angry with her when he saw his son groaning under the cruel labours that Eurystheus laid upon him. Even so did I grieve when mighty Hector was killing the Argives at their ships, and all the time I kept thinking of Folly who had so baned me. I was blind, and Jove robbed me of my reason; I will now make atonement, and will add much treasure by way of amends. Go, therefore, into battle, you and your people with you. I will give you all that Ulysses offered you yesterday in your tents: or if it so please you, wait, though you would fain fight at once, and my squires shall bring the gifts from my ship, that you may see whether what I give you is enough.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.145–161", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nδῶρα μὲν αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα παρασχέμεν, ὡς ἐπιεικές,\nἤ τʼ ἐχέμεν παρὰ σοί· νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα χάρμης\nαἶψα μάλʼ· οὐ γὰρ χρὴ κλοτοπεύειν ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντας\nοὐδὲ διατρίβειν· ἔτι γὰρ μέγα ἔργον ἄρεκτον·\nὥς κέ τις αὖτʼ Ἀχιλῆα μετὰ πρώτοισιν ἴδηται\nἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ Τρώων ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας.\nὧδέ τις ὑμείων μεμνημένος ἀνδρὶ μαχέσθω.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nμὴ δʼ οὕτως, ἀγαθός περ ἐών, θεοείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nνήστιας ὄτρυνε προτὶ Ἴλιον υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nΤρωσὶ μαχησομένους, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ὀλίγον χρόνον ἔσται\nφύλοπις, εὖτʼ ἂν πρῶτον ὁμιλήσωσι φάλαγγες\nἀνδρῶν, ἐν δὲ θεὸς πνεύσῃ μένος ἀμφοτέροισιν.\nἀλλὰ πάσασθαι ἄνωχθι θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιοὺς\nσίτου καὶ οἴνοιο· τὸ γὰρ μένος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀλκή.", "en": "And Achilles answered, “Son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, you can give such gifts as you think proper, or you can withhold them: it is in your own hands. Let us now set battle in array; it is not well to tarry talking about trifles, for there is a deed which is as yet to do. Achilles shall again be seen fighting among the foremost, and laying low the ranks of the Trojans: bear this in mind each one of you when he is fighting.”\nThen Ulysses said, “Achilles, godlike and brave, send not the Achaeans thus against Ilius to fight the Trojans fasting, for the battle will be no brief one, when it is once begun, and heaven has filled both sides with fury; bid them first take food both bread and wine by the ships, for in this there is strength and stay." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.162–183", "orig": "οὐ γὰρ ἀνὴρ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα\nἄκμηνος σίτοιο δυνήσεται ἄντα μάχεσθαι·\nεἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν,\nἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται, ἠδὲ κιχάνει\nδίψά τε καὶ λιμός, βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατʼ ἰόντι.\nὃς δέ κʼ ἀνὴρ οἴνοιο κορεσσάμενος καὶ ἐδωδῆς\nἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι πανημέριος πολεμίζῃ,\nθαρσαλέον νύ οἱ ἦτορ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, οὐδέ τι γυῖα\nπρὶν κάμνει πρὶν πάντας ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε λαὸν μὲν σκέδασον καὶ δεῖπνον ἄνωχθι\nὅπλεσθαι· τὰ δὲ δῶρα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων\nοἰσέτω ἐς μέσσην ἀγορήν, ἵνα πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωσι, σὺ δὲ φρεσὶ σῇσιν ἰανθῇς.\nὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἀναστὰς\nμή ποτε τῆς εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι ἠδὲ μιγῆναι·\nἣ θέμις ἐστὶν ἄναξ ἤ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν·\nκαὶ δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἵλαος ἔστω.\nαὐτὰρ ἔπειτά σε δαιτὶ ἐνὶ κλισίῃς ἀρεσάσθω\nπιείρῃ, ἵνα μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευὲς ἔχῃσθα.\nἈτρεΐδη σὺ δʼ ἔπειτα δικαιότερος καὶ ἐπʼ ἄλλῳ\nἔσσεαι. οὐ μὲν γάρ τι νεμεσσητὸν βασιλῆα\nἄνδρʼ ἀπαρέσσασθαι ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ.", "en": "No man can do battle the livelong day to the going down of the sun if he is without food; however much he may want to fight his strength will fail him before he knows it; hunger and thirst will find him out, and his limbs will grow weary under him. But a man can fight all day if he is full fed with meat and wine; his heart beats high, and his strength will stay till he has routed all his foes; therefore, send the people away and bid them prepare their meal; King Agamemnon will bring out the gifts in presence of the assembly, that all may see them and you may be satisfied. Moreover let him swear an oath before the Argives that he has never gone up into the couch of Briseis, nor been with her after the manner of men and women; and do you, too, show yourself of a gracious mind; let Agamemnon entertain you in his tents with a feast of reconciliation, that so you may have had your dues in full. As for you, son of Atreus, treat people more righteously in future; it is no disgrace even to a king that he should make amends if he was wrong in the first instance.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.184–197", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nχαίρω σεῦ Λαερτιάδη τὸν μῦθον ἀκούσας·\nἐν μοίρῃ γὰρ πάντα διίκεο καὶ κατέλεξας.\nταῦτα δʼ ἐγὼν ἐθέλω ὀμόσαι, κέλεται δέ με θυμός,\nοὐδʼ ἐπιορκήσω πρὸς δαίμονος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nμιμνέτω αὐτόθι τεῖος ἐπειγόμενός περ Ἄρηος·\nμίμνετε δʼ ἄλλοι πάντες ἀολλέες, ὄφρά κε δῶρα\nἐκ κλισίης ἔλθῃσι καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ τάμωμεν.\nσοὶ δʼ αὐτῷ τόδʼ ἐγὼν ἐπιτέλλομαι ἠδὲ κελεύω·\nκρινάμενος κούρητας ἀριστῆας Παναχαιῶν\nδῶρα ἐμῆς παρὰ νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν, ὅσσʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ\nχθιζὸν ὑπέστημεν δώσειν, ἀγέμεν τε γυναῖκας.\nΤαλθύβιος δέ μοι ὦκα κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν\nκάπρον ἑτοιμασάτω ταμέειν Διί τʼ Ἠελίῳ τε.", "en": "And King Agamemnon answered, “Son of Laertes, your words please me well, for throughout you have spoken wisely. I will swear as you would have me do; I do so of my own free will, neither shall I take the name of heaven in vain. Let, then, Achilles wait, though he would fain fight at once, and do you others wait also, till the gifts come from my tent and we ratify the oath with sacrifice. Thus, then, do I charge you: take some noble young Achaeans with you, and bring from my tents the gifts that I promised yesterday to Achilles, and bring the women also; furthermore let Talthybius find me a boar from those that are with the host, and make it ready for sacrifice to Jove and to the sun.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.198–214", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη κύδιστε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nἄλλοτέ περ καὶ μᾶλλον ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι,\nὁππότε τις μεταπαυσωλὴ πολέμοιο γένηται\nκαὶ μένος οὐ τόσον ᾖσιν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσι.\nνῦν δʼ οἳ μὲν κέαται δεδαϊγμένοι, οὓς ἐδάμασσεν\nἝκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν,\nὑμεῖς δʼ ἐς βρωτὺν ὀτρύνετον· ἦ τʼ ἂν ἔγωγε\nνῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν\nνήστιας ἀκμήνους, ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι\nτεύξεσθαι μέγα δόρπον, ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην.\nπρὶν δʼ οὔ πως ἂν ἔμοιγε φίλον κατὰ λαιμὸν ἰείη\nοὐ πόσις οὐδὲ βρῶσις ἑταίρου τεθνηῶτος\nὅς μοι ἐνὶ κλισίῃ δεδαϊγμένος ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ\nκεῖται ἀνὰ πρόθυρον τετραμμένος, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι\nμύρονται· τό μοι οὔ τι μετὰ φρεσὶ ταῦτα μέμηλεν,\nἀλλὰ φόνος τε καὶ αἷμα καὶ ἀργαλέος στόνος ἀνδρῶν.", "en": "Then said Achilles, “Son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, see to these matters at some other season, when there is breathing time and when I am calmer. Would you have men eat while the bodies of those whom Hector son of Priam slew are still lying mangled upon the plain? Let the sons of the Achaeans, say I, fight fasting and without food, till we have avenged them; afterwards at the going down of the sun let them eat their fill. As for me, Patroclus is lying dead in my tent, all hacked and hewn, with his feet to the door, and his comrades are mourning round him. Therefore I can take thought of nothing save only slaughter and blood and the rattle in the throat of the dying.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.215–229", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς·\nὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Πηλῆος υἱὲ μέγα φέρτατʼ Ἀχαιῶν,\nκρείσσων εἰς ἐμέθεν καὶ φέρτερος οὐκ ὀλίγον περ\nἔγχει, ἐγὼ δέ κε σεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην\nπολλόν, ἐπεὶ πρότερος γενόμην καὶ πλείονα οἶδα.\nτώ τοι ἐπιτλήτω κραδίη μύθοισιν ἐμοῖσιν.\nαἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν,\nἧς τε πλείστην μὲν καλάμην χθονὶ χαλκὸς ἔχευεν,\nἄμητος δʼ ὀλίγιστος, ἐπὴν κλίνῃσι τάλαντα\nΖεύς, ὅς τʼ ἀνθρώπων ταμίης πολέμοιο τέτυκται.\nγαστέρι δʼ οὔ πως ἔστι νέκυν πενθῆσαι Ἀχαιούς·\nλίην γὰρ πολλοὶ καὶ ἐπήτριμοι ἤματα πάντα\nπίπτουσιν· πότε κέν τις ἀναπνεύσειε πόνοιο;\nἀλλὰ χρὴ τὸν μὲν καταθάπτειν ὅς κε θάνῃσι\nνηλέα θυμὸν ἔχοντας ἐπʼ ἤματι δακρύσαντας·", "en": "Ulysses answered, “Achilles, son of Peleus, mightiest of all the Achaeans, in battle you are better than I, and that more than a little, but in counsel I am much before you, for I am older and of greater knowledge. Therefore be patient under my words. Fighting is a thing of which men soon surfeit, and when Jove, who is war’s steward, weighs the upshot, it may well prove that the straw which our sickles have reaped is far heavier than the grain. It may not be that the Achaeans should mourn the dead with their bellies; day by day men fall thick and threefold continually; when should we have respite from our sorrow?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.230–248", "orig": "ὅσσοι δʼ ἂν πολέμοιο περὶ στυγεροῖο λίπωνται\nμεμνῆσθαι πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον\nἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι μαχώμεθα νωλεμὲς αἰεὶ\nἑσσάμενοι χροῒ χαλκὸν ἀτειρέα. μηδέ τις ἄλλην\nλαῶν ὀτρυντὺν ποτιδέγμενος ἰσχαναάσθω·\nἥδε γὰρ ὀτρυντὺς κακὸν ἔσσεται ὅς κε λίπηται\nνηυσὶν ἐπʼ Ἀργείων· ἀλλʼ ἀθρόοι ὁρμηθέντες\nΤρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισιν ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα.\nἦ, καὶ Νέστορος υἷας ὀπάσσατο κυδαλίμοιο\nΦυλεΐδην τε Μέγητα Θόαντά τε Μηριόνην τε\nκαὶ Κρειοντιάδην Λυκομήδεα καὶ Μελάνιππον·\nβὰν δʼ ἴμεν ἐς κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεΐδαο.\nαὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ἅμα μῦθος ἔην, τετέλεστο δὲ ἔργον·\nἑπτὰ μὲν ἐκ κλισίης τρίποδας φέρον, οὕς οἱ ὑπέστη,\nαἴθωνας δὲ λέβητας ἐείκοσι, δώδεκα δʼ ἵππους·\nἐκ δʼ ἄγον αἶψα γυναῖκας ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυίας\nἕπτʼ, ἀτὰρ ὀγδοάτην Βρισηΐδα καλλιπάρῃον.\nχρυσοῦ δὲ στήσας Ὀδυσεὺς δέκα πάντα τάλαντα\nἦρχʼ, ἅμα δʼ ἄλλοι δῶρα φέρον κούρητες Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Let us mourn our dead for a day and bury them out of sight and mind, but let those of us who are left eat and drink that we may arm and fight our foes more fiercely. In that hour let no man hold back, waiting for a second summons; such summons shall bode ill for him who is found lagging behind at our ships; let us rather sally as one man and loose the fury of war upon the Trojans.”\nWhen he had thus spoken he took with him the sons of Nestor, with Meges son of Phyleus, Thoas, Meriones, Lycomedes son of Creontes, and Melanippus, and went to the tent of Agamemnon son of Atreus. The word was not sooner said than the deed was done: they brought out the seven tripods which Agamemnon had promised, with the twenty metal cauldrons and the twelve horses; they also brought the women skilled in useful arts, seven in number, with Briseis, which made eight. Ulysses weighed out the ten talents of gold and then led the way back, while the young Achaeans brought the rest of the gifts, and laid them in the middle of the assembly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.249–265", "orig": "καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν μέσσῃ ἀγορῇ θέσαν, ἂν δʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nἵστατο· Ταλθύβιος δὲ θεῷ ἐναλίγκιος αὐδὴν\nκάπρον ἔχων ἐν χερσὶ παρίστατο ποιμένι λαῶν.\nἈτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος χείρεσσι μάχαιραν,\nἥ οἱ πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο,\nκάπρου ἀπὸ τρίχας ἀρξάμενος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχὼν\nεὔχετο· τοὶ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτόφιν εἵατο σιγῇ\nἈργεῖοι κατὰ μοῖραν ἀκούοντες βασιλῆος.\nεὐξάμενος δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·\nἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος\nΓῆ τε καὶ Ἠέλιος καὶ Ἐρινύες, αἵ θʼ ὑπὸ γαῖαν\nἀνθρώπους τίνυνται, ὅτις κʼ ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ,\nμὴ μὲν ἐγὼ κούρῃ Βρισηΐδι χεῖρʼ ἐπένεικα,\nοὔτʼ εὐνῆς πρόφασιν κεχρημένος οὔτέ τευ ἄλλου.\nἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ἀπροτίμαστος ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐμῇσιν.\nεἰ δέ τι τῶνδʼ ἐπίορκον ἐμοὶ θεοὶ ἄλγεα δοῖεν\nπολλὰ μάλʼ, ὅσσα διδοῦσιν ὅτίς σφʼ ἀλίτηται ὀμόσσας.", "en": "Agamemnon then rose, and Talthybius whose voice was like that of a god came to him with the boar. The son of Atreus drew the knife which he wore by the scabbard of his mighty sword, and began by cutting off some bristles from the boar, lifting up his hands in prayer as he did so. The other Achaeans sat where they were all silent and orderly to hear the king, and Agamemnon looked into the vault of heaven and prayed saying, “I call Jove the first and mightiest of all gods to witness, I call also Earth and Sun and the Erinyes who dwell below and take vengeance on him who shall swear falsely, that I have laid no hand upon the girl Briseis, neither to take her to my bed nor otherwise, but that she has remained in my tents inviolate. If I swear falsely may heaven visit me with all the penalties which it metes out to those who perjure themselves.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.266–281", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ ἀπὸ στόμαχον κάπρου τάμε νηλέϊ χαλκῷ.\nτὸν μὲν Ταλθύβιος πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἐς μέγα λαῖτμα\nῥῖψʼ ἐπιδινήσας βόσιν ἰχθύσιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἀνστὰς Ἀργείοισι φιλοπτολέμοισι μετηύδα·\nΖεῦ πάτερ ἦ μεγάλας ἄτας ἄνδρεσσι διδοῖσθα·\nοὐκ ἂν δή ποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν\nἈτρεΐδης ὤρινε διαμπερές, οὐδέ κε κούρην\nἦγεν ἐμεῦ ἀέκοντος ἀμήχανος· ἀλλά ποθι Ζεὺς\nἤθελʼ Ἀχαιοῖσιν θάνατον πολέεσσι γενέσθαι.\nνῦν δʼ ἔρχεσθʼ ἐπὶ δεῖπνον, ἵνα ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα.\nὣς ἄρʼ ἐφώνησεν, λῦσεν δʼ ἀγορὴν αἰψηρήν.\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὴν ἐπὶ νῆα ἕκαστος,\nδῶρα δὲ Μυρμιδόνες μεγαλήτορες ἀμφεπένοντο,\nβὰν δʼ ἐπὶ νῆα φέροντες Ἀχιλλῆος θείοιο.\nκαὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν κλισίῃσι θέσαν, κάθισαν δὲ γυναῖκας,\nἵππους δʼ εἰς ἀγέλην ἔλασαν θεράποντες ἀγαυοί.", "en": "He cut the boar’s throat as he spoke, whereon Talthybius whirled it round his head, and flung it into the wide sea to feed the fishes. Then Achilles also rose and said to the Argives, “Father Jove, of a truth you blind men’s eyes and bane them. The son of Atreus had not else stirred me to so fierce an anger, nor so stubbornly taken Briseis from me against my will. Surely Jove must have counselled the destruction of many an Argive. Go, now, and take your food that we may begin fighting.”\nOn this he broke up the assembly, and every man went back to his own ship. The Myrmidons attended to the presents and took them away to the ship of Achilles. They placed them in his tents, while the stable-men drove the horses in among the others." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.282–300", "orig": "Βρισηῒς δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτʼ ἰκέλη χρυσέῃ Ἀφροδίτῃ\nὡς ἴδε Πάτροκλον δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nἀμφʼ αὐτῷ χυμένη λίγʼ ἐκώκυε, χερσὶ δʼ ἄμυσσε\nστήθεά τʼ ἠδʼ ἁπαλὴν δειρὴν ἰδὲ καλὰ πρόσωπα.\nεἶπε δʼ ἄρα κλαίουσα γυνὴ ἐϊκυῖα θεῇσι·\nΠάτροκλέ μοι δειλῇ πλεῖστον κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ\nζωὸν μέν σε ἔλειπον ἐγὼ κλισίηθεν ἰοῦσα,\nνῦν δέ σε τεθνηῶτα κιχάνομαι ὄρχαμε λαῶν\nἂψ ἀνιοῦσʼ· ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί.\nἄνδρα μὲν ᾧ ἔδοσάν με πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nεἶδον πρὸ πτόλιος δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nτρεῖς τε κασιγνήτους, τούς μοι μία γείνατο μήτηρ,\nκηδείους, οἳ πάντες ὀλέθριον ἦμαρ ἐπέσπον.\nοὐδὲ μὲν οὐδέ μʼ ἔασκες, ὅτʼ ἄνδρʼ ἐμὸν ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἔκτεινεν, πέρσεν δὲ πόλιν θείοιο Μύνητος,\nκλαίειν, ἀλλά μʼ ἔφασκες Ἀχιλλῆος θείοιο\nκουριδίην ἄλοχον θήσειν, ἄξειν τʼ ἐνὶ νηυσὶν\nἐς Φθίην, δαίσειν δὲ γάμον μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι.\nτώ σʼ ἄμοτον κλαίω τεθνηότα μείλιχον αἰεί.", "en": "Briseis, fair as Venus, when she saw the mangled body of Patroclus, flung herself upon it and cried aloud, tearing her breast, her neck, and her lovely face with both her hands. Beautiful as a goddess she wept and said, “Patroclus, dearest friend, when I went hence I left you living; I return, O prince, to find you dead; thus do fresh sorrows multiply upon me one after the other. I saw him to whom my father and mother married me, cut down before our city, and my three own dear brothers perished with him on the self-same day; but you, Patroclus, even when Achilles slew my husband and sacked the city of noble Mynes, told me that I was not to weep, for you said you would make Achilles marry me, and take me back with him to Phthia, we should have a wedding feast among the Myrmidons. You were always kind to me and I shall never cease to grieve for you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.301–314", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες\nΠάτροκλον πρόφασιν, σφῶν δʼ αὐτῶν κήδεʼ ἑκάστη.\nαὐτὸν δʼ ἀμφὶ γέροντες Ἀχαιῶν ἠγερέθοντο\nλισσόμενοι δειπνῆσαι· ὃ δʼ ἠρνεῖτο στεναχίζων·\nλίσσομαι, εἴ τις ἔμοιγε φίλων ἐπιπείθεθʼ ἑταίρων,\nμή με πρὶν σίτοιο κελεύετε μηδὲ ποτῆτος\nἄσασθαι φίλον ἦτορ, ἐπεί μʼ ἄχος αἰνὸν ἱκάνει·\nδύντα δʼ ἐς ἠέλιον μενέω καὶ τλήσομαι ἔμπης.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἄλλους μὲν ἀπεσκέδασεν βασιλῆας,\nδοιὼ δʼ Ἀτρεΐδα μενέτην καὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nΝέστωρ Ἰδομενεύς τε γέρων θʼ ἱππηλάτα Φοῖνιξ\nτέρποντες πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενον· οὐδέ τι θυμῷ\nτέρπετο, πρὶν πολέμου στόμα δύμεναι αἱματόεντος.\nμνησάμενος δʼ ἁδινῶς ἀνενείκατο φώνησέν τε·", "en": "She wept as she spoke, and the women joined in her lament-making as though their tears were for Patroclus, but in truth each was weeping for her own sorrows. The elders of the Achaeans gathered round Achilles and prayed him to take food, but he groaned and would not do so. “I pray you,” said he, “if any comrade will hear me, bid me neither eat nor drink, for I am in great heaviness, and will stay fasting even to the going down of the sun.”\nOn this he sent the other princes away, save only the two sons of Atreus and Ulysses, Nestor, Idomeneus, and the knight Phoenix, who stayed behind and tried to comfort him in the bitterness of his sorrow: but he would not be comforted till he should have flung himself into the jaws of battle, and he fetched sigh on sigh, thinking ever of Patroclus. Then he said:" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.315–327", "orig": "ἦ ῥά νύ μοί ποτε καὶ σὺ δυσάμμορε φίλταθʼ ἑταίρων\nαὐτὸς ἐνὶ κλισίῃ λαρὸν παρὰ δεῖπνον ἔθηκας\nαἶψα καὶ ὀτραλέως, ὁπότε σπερχοίατʼ Ἀχαιοὶ\nΤρωσὶν ἐφʼ ἱπποδάμοισι φέρειν πολύδακρυν Ἄρηα.\nνῦν δὲ σὺ μὲν κεῖσαι δεδαϊγμένος, αὐτὰρ ἐμὸν κῆρ\nἄκμηνον πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος, ἔνδον ἐόντων,\nσῇ ποθῇ· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακώτερον ἄλλο πάθοιμι,\nοὐδʼ εἴ κεν τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποφθιμένοιο πυθοίμην,\nὅς που νῦν Φθίηφι τέρεν κατὰ δάκρυον εἴβει\nχήτεϊ τοιοῦδʼ υἷος· ὃ δʼ ἀλλοδαπῷ ἐνὶ δήμῳ\nεἵνεκα ῥιγεδανῆς Ἑλένης Τρωσὶν πολεμίζω·\nἠὲ τὸν ὃς Σκύρῳ μοι ἔνι τρέφεται φίλος υἱός,\nεἴ που ἔτι ζώει γε Νεοπτόλεμος θεοειδής.", "en": "“Hapless and dearest comrade, you it was who would get a good dinner ready for me at once and without delay when the Achaeans were hasting to fight the Trojans; now, therefore, though I have meat and drink in my tents, yet will I fast for sorrow. Grief greater than this I could not know, not even though I were to hear of the death of my father, who is now in Phthia weeping for the loss of me his son, who am here fighting the Trojans in a strange land for the accursed sake of Helen, nor yet though I should hear that my son is no more, he who is being brought up in Scyros, if indeed Neoptolemus is still living." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.328–348", "orig": "πρὶν μὲν γάρ μοι θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἐώλπει\nοἶον ἐμὲ φθίσεσθαι ἀπʼ Ἄργεος ἱπποβότοιο\nαὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίῃ, σὲ δέ τε Φθίην δὲ νέεσθαι,\nὡς ἄν μοι τὸν παῖδα θοῇ ἐνὶ νηῒ μελαίνῃ\nΣκυρόθεν ἐξαγάγοις καί οἱ δείξειας ἕκαστα\nκτῆσιν ἐμὴν δμῶάς τε καὶ ὑψερεφὲς μέγα δῶμα.\nἤδη γὰρ Πηλῆά γʼ ὀΐομαι ἢ κατὰ πάμπαν\nτεθνάμεν, ἤ που τυτθὸν ἔτι ζώοντʼ ἀκάχησθαι\nγήραΐ τε στυγερῷ καὶ ἐμὴν ποτιδέγμενον αἰεὶ\nλυγρὴν ἀγγελίην, ὅτʼ ἀποφθιμένοιο πύθηται.\nὣς ἔφατο κλαίων, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γέροντες,\nμνησάμενοι τὰ ἕκαστος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔλειπον·\nμυρομένους δʼ ἄρα τούς γε ἰδὼν ἐλέησε Κρονίων,\nαἶψα δʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nτέκνον ἐμόν, δὴ πάμπαν ἀποίχεαι ἀνδρὸς ἑῆος.\nἦ νύ τοι οὐκέτι πάγχυ μετὰ φρεσὶ μέμβλετʼ Ἀχιλλεύς;\nκεῖνος ὅ γε προπάροιθε νεῶν ὀρθοκραιράων\nἧσται ὀδυρόμενος ἕταρον φίλον· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι\nοἴχονται μετὰ δεῖπνον, ὃ δʼ ἄκμηνος καὶ ἄπαστος.\nἀλλʼ ἴθι οἱ νέκτάρ τε καὶ ἀμβροσίην ἐρατεινὴν\nστάξον ἐνὶ στήθεσσʼ, ἵνα μή μιν λιμὸς ἵκηται.", "en": "Till now I made sure that I alone was to fall here at Troy away from Argos, while you were to return to Phthia, bring back my son with you in your own ship, and show him all my property, my bondsmen, and the greatness of my house, for Peleus must surely be either dead, or what little life remains to him is oppressed alike with the infirmities of age and ever present fear lest he should hear the sad tidings of my death.”\nHe wept as he spoke, and the elders sighed in concert as each thought on what he had left at home behind him. The son of Saturn looked down with pity upon them, and said presently to Minerva, “My child, you have quite deserted your hero; is he then gone so clean out of your recollection? There he sits by the ships all desolate for the loss of his dear comrade, and though the others are gone to their dinner he will neither eat nor drink. Go then and drop nectar and ambrosia into his breast, that he may know no hunger.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.349–368", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε πάρος μεμαυῖαν Ἀθήνην·\nἣ δʼ ἅρπῃ ἐϊκυῖα τανυπτέρυγι λιγυφώνῳ\nοὐρανοῦ ἐκκατεπᾶλτο διʼ αἰθέρος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nαὐτίκα θωρήσσοντο κατὰ στρατόν· ἣ δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ\nνέκταρ ἐνὶ στήθεσσι καὶ ἀμβροσίην ἐρατεινὴν\nστάξʼ, ἵνα μή μιν λιμὸς ἀτερπὴς γούναθʼ ἵκοιτο·\nαὐτὴ δὲ πρὸς πατρὸς ἐρισθενέος πυκινὸν δῶ\nᾤχετο, τοὶ δʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἐχέοντο θοάων.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε ταρφειαὶ νιφάδες Διὸς ἐκποτέονται\nψυχραὶ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς αἰθρηγενέος Βορέαο,\nὣς τότε ταρφειαὶ κόρυθες λαμπρὸν γανόωσαι\nνηῶν ἐκφορέοντο καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι\nθώρηκές τε κραταιγύαλοι καὶ μείλινα δοῦρα.\nαἴγλη δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκε, γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα περὶ χθὼν\nχαλκοῦ ὑπὸ στεροπῆς· ὑπὸ δὲ κτύπος ὄρνυτο ποσσὶν\nἀνδρῶν· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι κορύσσετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nτοῦ καὶ ὀδόντων μὲν καναχὴ πέλε, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε\nλαμπέσθην ὡς εἴ τε πυρὸς σέλας, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ\nδῦνʼ ἄχος ἄτλητον· ὃ δʼ ἄρα Τρωσὶν μενεαίνων\nδύσετο δῶρα θεοῦ, τά οἱ Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων.", "en": "With these words he urged Minerva, who was already of the same mind. She darted down from heaven into the air like some falcon sailing on his broad wings and screaming. Meanwhile the Achaeans were arming throughout the host, and when Minerva had dropped nectar and ambrosia into Achilles so that no cruel hunger should cause his limbs to fail him, she went back to the house of her mighty father. Thick as the chill snow-flakes shed from the hand of Jove and borne on the keen blasts of the north wind, even so thick did the gleaming helmets, the bossed shields, the strongly plated breastplates, and the ashen spears stream from the ships. The sheen pierced the sky, the whole land was radiant with their flashing armour, and the sound of the tramp of their treading rose from under their feet. In the midst of them all Achilles put on his armour; he gnashed his teeth, his eyes gleamed like fire, for his grief was greater than he could bear. Thus, then, full of fury against the Trojans, did he don the gift of the god, the armour that Vulcan had made him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.369–386", "orig": "κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε\nκαλὰς ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας·\nδεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνεν.\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον\nχάλκεον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε\nεἵλετο, τοῦ δʼ ἀπάνευθε σέλας γένετʼ ἠΰτε μήνης.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἐκ πόντοιο σέλας ναύτῃσι φανήῃ\nκαιομένοιο πυρός, τό τε καίεται ὑψόθʼ ὄρεσφι\nσταθμῷ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ· τοὺς δʼ οὐκ ἐθέλοντας ἄελλαι\nπόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα φίλων ἀπάνευθε φέρουσιν·\nὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος σάκεος σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε\nκαλοῦ δαιδαλέου· περὶ δὲ τρυφάλειαν ἀείρας\nκρατὶ θέτο βριαρήν· ἣ δʼ ἀστὴρ ὣς ἀπέλαμπεν\nἵππουρις τρυφάλεια, περισσείοντο δʼ ἔθειραι\nχρύσεαι, ἃς Ἥφαιστος ἵει λόφον ἀμφὶ θαμειάς.\nπειρήθη δʼ ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nεἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε καὶ ἐντρέχοι ἀγλαὰ γυῖα·\nτῷ δʼ εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετʼ, ἄειρε δὲ ποιμένα λαῶν.", "en": "First he put on the goodly greaves fitted with ancle-clasps, and next he did on the breastplate about his chest. He slung the silver-studded sword of bronze about his shoulders, and then took up the shield so great and strong that shone afar with a splendour as of the moon. As the light seen by sailors from out at sea, when men have lit a fire in their homestead high up among the mountains, but the sailors are carried out to sea by wind and storm far from the haven where they would be, even so did the gleam of Achilles’ wondrous shield strike up into the heavens. He lifted the redoubtable helmet, and set it upon his head, from whence it shone like a star, and the golden plumes which Vulcan had set thick about the ridge of the helmet, waved all around it. Then Achilles made trial of himself in his armour to see whether it fitted him, so that his limbs could play freely under it, and it seemed to buoy him up as though it had been wings." }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.387–403", "orig": "ἐκ δʼ ἄρα σύριγγος πατρώϊον ἐσπάσατʼ ἔγχος\nβριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν· τὸ μὲν οὐ δύνατʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν\nπάλλειν, ἀλλά μιν οἶος ἐπίστατο πῆλαι Ἀχιλλεύς,\nΠηλιάδα μελίην, τὴν πατρὶ φίλῳ πόρε Χείρων\nΠηλίου ἐκ κορυφῆς φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσιν·\nἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδων τε καὶ Ἄλκιμος ἀμφιέποντες\nζεύγνυον· ἀμφὶ δὲ καλὰ λέπαδνʼ ἕσαν, ἐν δὲ χαλινοὺς\nγαμφηλῇς ἔβαλον, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία τεῖναν ὀπίσσω\nκολλητὸν ποτὶ δίφρον. ὃ δὲ μάστιγα φαεινὴν\nχειρὶ λαβὼν ἀραρυῖαν ἐφʼ ἵπποιιν ἀνόρουσεν\nΑὐτομέδων· ὄπιθεν δὲ κορυσσάμενος βῆ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nτεύχεσι παμφαίνων ὥς τʼ ἠλέκτωρ Ὑπερίων,\nσμερδαλέον δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο πατρὸς ἑοῖο·\nΞάνθέ τε καὶ Βαλίε τηλεκλυτὰ τέκνα Ποδάργης\nἄλλως δὴ φράζεσθε σαωσέμεν ἡνιοχῆα\nἂψ Δαναῶν ἐς ὅμιλον ἐπεί χʼ ἕωμεν πολέμοιο,\nμηδʼ ὡς Πάτροκλον λίπετʼ αὐτόθι τεθνηῶτα.", "en": "He also drew his father’s spear out of the spear-stand, a spear so great and heavy and strong that none of the Achaeans save only Achilles had strength to wield it; this was the spear of Pelian ash from the topmost ridges of Mt. Pelion, which Chiron had once given to Peleus, fraught with the death of heroes. Automedon and Alcimus busied themselves with the harnessing of his horses; they made the bands fast about them, and put the bit in their mouths, drawing the reins back towards the chariot. Automedon, whip in hand, sprang up behind the horses, and after him Achilles mounted in full armour, resplendent as the sun-god Hyperion. Then with a loud voice he chided with his father’s horses saying, “Xanthus and Balius, famed offspring of Podarge, this time when we have done fighting be sure and bring your driver safely back to the host of the Achaeans, and do not leave him dead on the plain as you did Patroclus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 19.404–424", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ ζυγόφι προσέφη πόδας αἰόλος ἵππος\nΞάνθος, ἄφαρ δʼ ἤμυσε καρήατι· πᾶσα δὲ χαίτη\nζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγὸν οὖδας ἵκανεν·\nαὐδήεντα δʼ ἔθηκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη·\nκαὶ λίην σʼ ἔτι νῦν γε σαώσομεν ὄβριμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ·\nἀλλά τοι ἐγγύθεν ἦμαρ ὀλέθριον· οὐδέ τοι ἡμεῖς\nαἴτιοι, ἀλλὰ θεός τε μέγας καὶ Μοῖρα κραταιή.\nοὐδὲ γὰρ ἡμετέρῃ βραδυτῆτί τε νωχελίῃ τε\nΤρῶες ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Πατρόκλου τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο·\nἀλλὰ θεῶν ὤριστος, ὃν ἠΰκομος τέκε Λητώ,\nἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε.\nνῶϊ δὲ καί κεν ἅμα πνοιῇ Ζεφύροιο θέοιμεν,\nἥν περ ἐλαφροτάτην φάσʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ\nμόρσιμόν ἐστι θεῷ τε καὶ ἀνέρι ἶφι δαμῆναι.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντος Ἐρινύες ἔσχεθον αὐδήν.\nτὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nΞάνθε τί μοι θάνατον μαντεύεαι; οὐδέ τί σε χρή.\nεὖ νυ τὸ οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ μοι μόρος ἐνθάδʼ ὀλέσθαι\nνόσφι φίλου πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης\nοὐ λήξω πρὶν Τρῶας ἅδην ἐλάσαι πολέμοιο.\nἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἰάχων ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.", "en": "Then fleet Xanthus answered under the yoke, for white-armed Juno had endowed him with human speech, and he bowed his head till his mane touched the ground as it hung down from under the yoke-band. “Dread Achilles,” said he, “we will indeed save you now, but the day of your death is near, and the blame will not be ours, for it will be heaven and stern fate that will destroy you. Neither was it through any sloth or slackness on our part that the Trojans stripped Patroclus of his armour; it was the mighty god whom lovely Leto bore that slew him as he fought among the foremost, and vouchsafed a triumph to Hector. We two can fly as swiftly as Zephyrus who they say is fleetest of all winds; nevertheless it is your doom to fall by the hand of a man and of a god.”\nWhen he had thus said the Erinyes stayed his speech, and Achilles answered him in great sadness, saying, “Why, O Xanthus, do you thus foretell my death? You need not do so, for I well know that I am to fall here, far from my dear father and mother; none the more, however, shall I stay my hand till I have given the Trojans their fill of fighting.”\nSo saying, with a loud cry he drove his horses to the front." } ], "20": [ { "ref": "Iliad 20.1–18", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσι θωρήσσοντο\nἀμφὶ σὲ Πηλέος υἱὲ μάχης ἀκόρητον Ἀχαιοί,\nΤρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο·\nΖεὺς δὲ Θέμιστα κέλευσε θεοὺς ἀγορὴν δὲ καλέσσαι\nκρατὸς ἀπʼ Οὐλύμποιο πολυπτύχου· ἣ δʼ ἄρα πάντῃ\nφοιτήσασα κέλευσε Διὸς πρὸς δῶμα νέεσθαι.\nοὔτέ τις οὖν ποταμῶν ἀπέην νόσφʼ Ὠκεανοῖο,\nοὔτʼ ἄρα νυμφάων αἵ τʼ ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται\nκαὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν καὶ πίσεα ποιήεντα.\nἐλθόντες δʼ ἐς δῶμα Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο\nξεστῇς αἰθούσῃσιν ἐνίζανον, ἃς Διὶ πατρὶ\nἭφαιστος ποίησεν ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσιν.\nὣς οἳ μὲν Διὸς ἔνδον ἀγηγέρατʼ· οὐδʼ ἐνοσίχθων\nνηκούστησε θεᾶς, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἦλθε μετʼ αὐτούς,\nἷζε δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν μέσσοισι, Διὸς δʼ ἐξείρετο βουλήν·\nτίπτʼ αὖτʼ ἀργικέραυνε θεοὺς ἀγορὴν δὲ κάλεσσας;\nἦ τι περὶ Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν μερμηρίζεις;\nτῶν γὰρ νῦν ἄγχιστα μάχη πόλεμός τε δέδηε.", "en": "Thus, then, did the Achaeans arm by their ships round you, O son of Peleus, who were hungering for battle; while the Trojans over against them armed upon the rise of the plain.\nMeanwhile Jove from the top of many-delled Olympus, bade Themis gather the gods in council, whereon she went about and called them to the house of Jove. There was not a river absent except Oceanus, nor a single one of the nymphs that haunt fair groves, or springs of rivers and meadows of green grass. When they reached the house of cloud-compelling Jove, they took their seats in the arcades of polished marble which Vulcan with his consummate skill had made for father Jove.\nIn such wise, therefore, did they gather in the house of Jove. Neptune also, lord of the earthquake, obeyed the call of the goddess, and came up out of the sea to join them. There, sitting in the midst of them, he asked what Jove’s purpose might be. “Why,” said he, “wielder of the lightning, have you called the gods in council? Are you considering some matter that concerns the Trojans and Achaeans, for the blaze of battle is on the point of being kindled between them?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.19–40", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἔγνως ἐννοσίγαιε ἐμὴν ἐν στήθεσι βουλὴν\nὧν ἕνεκα ξυνάγειρα· μέλουσί μοι ὀλλύμενοί περ.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ μενέω πτυχὶ Οὐλύμποιο\nἥμενος, ἔνθʼ ὁρόων φρένα τέρψομαι· οἳ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι\nἔρχεσθʼ ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκησθε μετὰ Τρῶας καὶ Ἀχαιούς,\nἀμφοτέροισι δʼ ἀρήγεθʼ ὅπῃ νόος ἐστὶν ἑκάστου.\nεἰ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς οἶος ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι μαχεῖται\nοὐδὲ μίνυνθʼ ἕξουσι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα.\nκαὶ δέ τί μιν καὶ πρόσθεν ὑποτρομέεσκον ὁρῶντες·\nνῦν δʼ ὅτε δὴ καὶ θυμὸν ἑταίρου χώεται αἰνῶς\nδείδω μὴ καὶ τεῖχος ὑπέρμορον ἐξαλαπάξῃ.\nὣς ἔφατο Κρονίδης, πόλεμον δʼ ἀλίαστον ἔγειρε.\nβὰν δʼ ἴμεναι πόλεμον δὲ θεοὶ δίχα θυμὸν ἔχοντες·\nἭρη μὲν μετʼ ἀγῶνα νεῶν καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nἠδὲ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἠδʼ ἐριούνης\nἙρμείας, ὃς ἐπὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσι κέκασται·\nἭφαιστος δʼ ἅμα τοῖσι κίε σθένεϊ βλεμεαίνων\nχωλεύων, ὑπὸ δὲ κνῆμαι ῥώοντο ἀραιαί.\nἐς δὲ Τρῶας Ἄρης κορυθαίολος, αὐτὰρ ἅμʼ αὐτῷ\nΦοῖβος ἀκερσεκόμης ἠδʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα\nΛητώ τε Ξάνθός τε φιλομειδής τʼ Ἀφροδίτη.", "en": "And Jove answered, “You know my purpose, shaker of earth, and wherefore I have called you hither. I take thought for them even in their destruction. For my own part I shall stay here seated on Mt. Olympus and look on in peace, but do you others go about among Trojans and Achaeans, and help either side as you may be severally disposed. If Achilles fights the Trojans without hindrance they will make no stand against him; they have ever trembled at the sight of him, and now that he is roused to such fury about his comrade, he will override fate itself and storm their city.”\nThus spoke Jove and gave the word for war, whereon the gods took their several sides and went into battle. Juno, Pallas Minerva, earth-encircling Neptune, Mercury bringer of good luck and excellent in all cunning, all these joined the host that came from the ships; with them also came Vulcan in all his glory, limping, but yet with his thin legs plying lustily under him. Mars of gleaming helmet joined the Trojans, and with him Apollo of locks unshorn, and the archer goddess Diana, Leto, Xanthus, and laughter-loving Venus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.41–53", "orig": "εἷος μέν ῥʼ ἀπάνευθε θεοὶ θνητῶν ἔσαν ἀνδρῶν,\nτεῖος Ἀχαιοὶ μὲν μέγα κύδανον, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς·\nΤρῶας δὲ τρόμος αἰνὸς ὑπήλυθε γυῖα ἕκαστον\nδειδιότας, ὅθʼ ὁρῶντο ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα\nτεύχεσι λαμπόμενον βροτολοιγῷ ἶσον Ἄρηϊ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ μεθʼ ὅμιλον Ὀλύμπιοι ἤλυθον ἀνδρῶν,\nὦρτο δʼ Ἔρις κρατερὴ λαοσσόος, αὖε δʼ Ἀθήνη\nστᾶσʼ ὁτὲ μὲν παρὰ τάφρον ὀρυκτὴν τείχεος ἐκτός,\nἄλλοτʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτάων ἐριδούπων μακρὸν ἀΰτει.\nαὖε δʼ Ἄρης ἑτέρωθεν ἐρεμνῇ λαίλαπι ἶσος\nὀξὺ κατʼ ἀκροτάτης πόλιος Τρώεσσι κελεύων,\nἄλλοτε πὰρ Σιμόεντι θέων ἐπὶ Καλλικολώνῃ.", "en": "So long as the gods held themselves aloof from mortal warriors the Achaeans were triumphant, for Achilles who had long refused to fight was now with them. There was not a Trojan but his limbs failed him for fear as he beheld the fleet son of Peleus all glorious in his armour, and looking like Mars himself. When, however, the Olympians came to take their part among men, forthwith uprose strong Strife, rouser of hosts, and Minerva raised her loud voice, now standing by the deep trench that ran outside the wall, and now shouting with all her might upon the shore of the sounding sea. Mars also bellowed out upon the other side, dark as some black thunder-cloud, and called on the Trojans at the top of his voice, now from the acropolis, and now speeding up the side of the river Simois till he came to the hill Callicolone." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.54–74", "orig": "ὣς τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους μάκαρες θεοὶ ὀτρύνοντες\nσύμβαλον, ἐν δʼ αὐτοῖς ἔριδα ῥήγνυντο βαρεῖαν·\nδεινὸν δὲ βρόντησε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε\nὑψόθεν· αὐτὰρ νέρθε Ποσειδάων ἐτίναξε\nγαῖαν ἀπειρεσίην ὀρέων τʼ αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα.\nπάντες δʼ ἐσσείοντο πόδες πολυπίδακος Ἴδης\nκαὶ κορυφαί, Τρώων τε πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν.\nἔδεισεν δʼ ὑπένερθεν ἄναξ ἐνέρων Ἀϊδωνεύς,\nδείσας δʼ ἐκ θρόνου ἆλτο καὶ ἴαχε, μή οἱ ὕπερθε\nγαῖαν ἀναρρήξειε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων,\nοἰκία δὲ θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι φανείη\nσμερδαλέʼ εὐρώεντα, τά τε στυγέουσι θεοί περ·\nτόσσος ἄρα κτύπος ὦρτο θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνιόντων.\nἤτοι μὲν γὰρ ἔναντα Ποσειδάωνος ἄνακτος\nἵστατʼ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος ἔχων ἰὰ πτερόεντα,\nἄντα δʼ Ἐνυαλίοιο θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nἭρῃ δʼ ἀντέστη χρυσηλάκατος κελαδεινὴ\nἌρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα κασιγνήτη ἑκάτοιο·\nΛητοῖ δʼ ἀντέστη σῶκος ἐριούνιος Ἑρμῆς,\nἄντα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο μέγας ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης,\nὃν Ξάνθον καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δὲ Σκάμανδρον.", "en": "Thus did the gods spur on both hosts to fight, and rouse fierce contention also among themselves. The sire of gods and men thundered from heaven above, while from beneath Neptune shook the vast earth, and bade the high hills tremble. The spurs and crests of many-fountained Ida quaked, as also the city of the Trojans and the ships of the Achaeans. Hades, king of the realms below, was struck with fear; he sprang panic-stricken from his throne and cried aloud in terror lest Neptune, lord of the earthquake, should crack the ground over his head, and lay bare his mouldy mansions to the sight of mortals and immortals, mansions so ghastly grim that even the gods shudder to think of them. Such was the uproar as the gods came together in battle. Apollo with his arrows took his stand to face King Neptune, while Minerva took hers against the god of war; the archer goddess Diana with her golden arrows, sister of far-darting Apollo, stood to face Juno; Mercury the lusty bringer of good luck faced Leto, while the mighty eddying river whom men can Scamander, but gods Xanthus, matched himself against Vulcan." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.75–85", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν θεοὶ ἄντα θεῶν ἴσαν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἝκτορος ἄντα μάλιστα λιλαίετο δῦναι ὅμιλον\nΠριαμίδεω· τοῦ γάρ ῥα μάλιστά ἑ θυμὸς ἀνώγει\nαἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα ταλαύρινον πολεμιστήν.\nΑἰνείαν δʼ ἰθὺς λαοσσόος ὦρσεν Ἀπόλλων\nἀντία Πηλεΐωνος, ἐνῆκε δέ οἱ μένος ἠΰ·\nυἱέϊ δὲ Πριάμοιο Λυκάονι εἴσατο φωνήν·\nτῷ μιν ἐεισάμενος προσέφη Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·\nΑἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ\nἃς Τρώων βασιλεῦσιν ὑπίσχεο οἰνοποτάζων\nΠηλεΐδεω Ἀχιλῆος ἐναντίβιον πολεμίξειν;", "en": "The gods, then, were thus ranged against one another. But the heart of Achilles was set on meeting Hector son of Priam, for it was with his blood that he longed above all things else to glut the stubborn lord of battle. Meanwhile Apollo set Aeneas on to attack the son of Peleus, and put courage into his heart, speaking with the voice of Lycaon son of Priam. In his likeness therefore, he said to Aeneas, “Aeneas, counsellor of the Trojans, where are now the brave words with which you vaunted over your wine before the Trojan princes, saying that you would fight Achilles son of Peleus in single combat?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.86–102", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέειπε·\nΠριαμίδη τί με ταῦτα καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλοντα κελεύεις\nἀντία Πηλεΐωνος ὑπερθύμοιο μάχεσθαι;\nοὐ μὲν γὰρ νῦν πρῶτα ποδώκεος ἄντʼ Ἀχιλῆος\nστήσομαι, ἀλλʼ ἤδη με καὶ ἄλλοτε δουρὶ φόβησεν\nἐξ Ἴδης, ὅτε βουσὶν ἐπήλυθεν ἡμετέρῃσι,\nπέρσε δὲ Λυρνησσὸν καὶ Πήδασον· αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ Ζεὺς\nεἰρύσαθʼ, ὅς μοι ἐπῶρσε μένος λαιψηρά τε γοῦνα.\nἦ κʼ ἐδάμην ὑπὸ χερσὶν Ἀχιλλῆος καὶ Ἀθήνης,\nἥ οἱ πρόσθεν ἰοῦσα τίθει φάος ἠδʼ ἐκέλευεν\nἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ Λέλεγας καὶ Τρῶας ἐναίρειν.\nτὼ οὐκ ἔστʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἐναντίον ἄνδρα μάχεσθαι·\nαἰεὶ γὰρ πάρα εἷς γε θεῶν ὃς λοιγὸν ἀμύνει.\nκαὶ δʼ ἄλλως τοῦ γʼ ἰθὺ βέλος πέτετʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπολήγει\nπρὶν χροὸς ἀνδρομέοιο διελθέμεν. εἰ δὲ θεός περ\nἶσον τείνειεν πολέμου τέλος, οὔ κε μάλα ῥέα\nνικήσειʼ, οὐδʼ εἰ παγχάλκεος εὔχεται εἶναι.", "en": "And Aeneas answered, “Why do you thus bid me fight the proud son of Peleus, when I am in no mind to do so? Were I to face him now, it would not be for the first time. His spear has already put me to flight from Ida, when he attacked our cattle and sacked Lyrnessus and Pedasus; Jove indeed saved me in that he vouchsafed me strength to fly, else had I fallen by the hands of Achilles and Minerva, who went before him to protect him and urged him to fall upon the Lelegae and Trojans. No man may fight Achilles, for one of the gods is always with him as his guardian angel, and even were it not so, his weapon flies ever straight, and fails not to pierce the flesh of him who is against him; if heaven would let me fight him on even terms he should not soon overcome me, though he boasts that he is made of bronze.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.103–118", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων·\nἥρως ἀλλʼ ἄγε καὶ σὺ θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃσιν\nεὔχεο· καὶ δὲ σέ φασι Διὸς κούρης Ἀφροδίτης\nἐκγεγάμεν, κεῖνος δὲ χερείονος ἐκ θεοῦ ἐστίν·\nἣ μὲν γὰρ Διός ἐσθʼ, ἣ δʼ ἐξ ἁλίοιο γέροντος.\nἀλλʼ ἰθὺς φέρε χαλκὸν ἀτειρέα, μηδέ σε πάμπαν\nλευγαλέοις ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρεπέτω καὶ ἀρειῇ.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἔμπνευσε μένος μέγα ποιμένι λαῶν,\nβῆ δὲ διὰ προμάχων κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ.\nοὐδʼ ἔλαθʼ Ἀγχίσαο πάϊς λευκώλενον Ἥρην\nἀντία Πηλεΐωνος ἰὼν ἀνὰ οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν·\nἣ δʼ ἄμυδις στήσασα θεοὺς μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπε·\nφράζεσθον δὴ σφῶϊ Ποσείδαον καὶ Ἀθήνη\nἐν φρεσὶν ὑμετέρῃσιν, ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα.\nΑἰνείας ὅδʼ ἔβη κεκορυθμένος αἴθοπι χαλκῷ\nἀντία Πηλεΐωνος, ἀνῆκε δὲ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.", "en": "Then said King Apollo, son to Jove, “Nay, hero, pray to the ever-living gods, for men say that you were born of Jove’s daughter Venus, whereas Achilles is son to a goddess of inferior rank. Venus is child to Jove, while Thetis is but daughter to the old man of the sea. Bring, therefore, your spear to bear upon him, and let him not scare you with his taunts and menaces.”\nAs he spoke he put courage into the heart of the shepherd of his people, and he strode in full armour among the ranks of the foremost fighters. Nor did the son of Anchises escape the notice of white-armed Juno, as he went forth into the throng to meet Achilles. She called the gods about her, and said, “Look to it, you two, Neptune and Minerva, and consider how this shall be; Phoebus Apollo has been sending Aeneas clad in full armour to fight Achilles." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.119–131", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ, ἡμεῖς πέρ μιν ἀποτρωπῶμεν ὀπίσσω\nαὐτόθεν· ἤ τις ἔπειτα καὶ ἡμείων Ἀχιλῆϊ\nπαρσταίη, δοίη δὲ κράτος μέγα, μηδέ τι θυμῷ\nδευέσθω, ἵνα εἰδῇ ὅ μιν φιλέουσιν ἄριστοι\nἀθανάτων, οἳ δʼ αὖτʼ ἀνεμώλιοι οἳ τὸ πάρος περ\nΤρωσὶν ἀμύνουσιν πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα.\nπάντες δʼ Οὐλύμποιο κατήλθομεν ἀντιόωντες\nτῆσδε μάχης, ἵνα μή τι μετὰ Τρώεσσι πάθῃσι\nσήμερον· ὕστερον αὖτε τὰ πείσεται ἅσσά οἱ αἶσα\nγιγνομένῳ ἐπένησε λίνῳ ὅτε μιν τέκε μήτηρ.\nεἰ δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς οὐ ταῦτα θεῶν ἐκ πεύσεται ὀμφῆς\nδείσετʼ ἔπειθʼ, ὅτε κέν τις ἐναντίβιον θεὸς ἔλθῃ\nἐν πολέμῳ· χαλεποὶ δὲ θεοὶ φαίνεσθαι ἐναργεῖς.", "en": "Shall we turn him back at once, or shall one of us stand by Achilles and endow him with strength so that his heart fail not, and he may learn that the chiefs of the immortals are on his side, while the others who have all along been defending the Trojans are but vain helpers? Let us all come down from Olympus and join in the fight, that this day he may take no hurt at the hands of the Trojans. Hereafter let him suffer whatever fate may have spun out for him when he was begotten and his mother bore him. If Achilles be not thus assured by the voice of a god, he may come to fear presently when one of us meets him in battle, for the gods are terrible if they are seen face to face.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.132–143", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·\nἭρη μὴ χαλέπαινε παρʼ ἐκ νόον· οὐδέ τί σε χρή.\nοὐκ ἂν ἔγωγʼ ἐθέλοιμι θεοὺς ἔριδι ξυνελάσσαι\nἡμέας τοὺς ἄλλους, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰμεν·\nἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς μὲν ἔπειτα καθεζώμεσθα κιόντες\nἐκ πάτου ἐς σκοπιήν, πόλεμος δʼ ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει.\nεἰ δέ κʼ Ἄρης ἄρχωσι μάχης ἢ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nἢ Ἀχιλῆʼ ἴσχωσι καὶ οὐκ εἰῶσι μάχεσθαι,\nαὐτίκʼ ἔπειτα καὶ ἄμμι παρʼ αὐτόθι νεῖκος ὀρεῖται\nφυλόπιδος· μάλα δʼ ὦκα διακρινθέντας ὀΐω\nἂψ ἴμεν Οὔλυμπον δὲ θεῶν μεθʼ ὁμήγυριν ἄλλων\nἡμετέρῃς ὑπὸ χερσὶν ἀναγκαίηφι δαμέντας.", "en": "Neptune lord of the earthquake answered her saying, “Juno, restrain your fury; it is not well; I am not in favour of forcing the other gods to fight us, for the advantage is too greatly on our own side; let us take our places on some hill out of the beaten track, and let mortals fight it out among themselves. If Mars or Phoebus Apollo begin fighting, or keep Achilles in check so that he cannot fight, we too, will at once raise the cry of battle, and in that case they will soon leave the field and go back vanquished to Olympus among the other gods.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.144–160", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἡγήσατο κυανοχαίτης\nτεῖχος ἐς ἀμφίχυτον Ἡρακλῆος θείοιο\nὑψηλόν, τό ῥά οἱ Τρῶες καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nποίεον, ὄφρα τὸ κῆτος ὑπεκπροφυγὼν ἀλέαιτο,\nὁππότε μιν σεύαιτο ἀπʼ ἠϊόνος πεδίον δέ.\nἔνθα Ποσειδάων κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετο καὶ θεοὶ ἄλλοι,\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄρρηκτον νεφέλην ὤμοισιν ἕσαντο·\nοἳ δʼ ἑτέρωσε καθῖζον ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι Καλλικολώνης\nἀμφὶ σὲ ἤϊε Φοῖβε καὶ Ἄρηα πτολίπορθον.\nὣς οἳ μέν ῥʼ ἑκάτερθε καθήατο μητιόωντες\nβουλάς· ἀρχέμεναι δὲ δυσηλεγέος πολέμοιο\nὄκνεον ἀμφότεροι, Ζεὺς δʼ ἥμενος ὕψι κέλευε.\nτῶν δʼ ἅπαν ἐπλήσθη πεδίον καὶ λάμπετο χαλκῷ\nἀνδρῶν ἠδʼ ἵππων· κάρκαιρε δὲ γαῖα πόδεσσιν\nὀρνυμένων ἄμυδις. δύο δʼ ἀνέρες ἔξοχʼ ἄριστοι\nἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέρων συνίτην μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι\nΑἰνείας τʼ Ἀγχισιάδης καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.", "en": "With these words the dark-haired god led the way to the high earth-barrow of Hercules, built round solid masonry, and made by the Trojans and Pallas Minerva for him to fly to when the sea-monster was chasing him from the shore on to the plain. Here Neptune and those that were with him took their seats, wrapped in a thick cloud of darkness; but the other gods seated themselves on the brow of Callicolone round you, O Phoebus, and Mars the waster of cities.\nThus did the gods sit apart and form their plans, but neither side was willing to begin battle with the other, and Jove from his seat on high was in command over them all. Meanwhile the whole plain was alive with men and horses, and blazing with the gleam of armour. The earth rang again under the tramp of their feet as they rushed towards each other, and two champions, by far the foremost of them all, met between the hosts to fight, to wit, Aeneas son of Anchises, and noble Achilles." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.161–175", "orig": "Αἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀπειλήσας ἐβεβήκει\nνευστάζων κόρυθι βριαρῇ· ἀτὰρ ἀσπίδα θοῦριν\nπρόσθεν ἔχε στέρνοιο, τίνασσε δὲ χάλκεον ἔγχος.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐναντίον ὦρτο λέων ὣς\nσίντης, ὅν τε καὶ ἄνδρες ἀποκτάμεναι μεμάασιν\nἀγρόμενοι πᾶς δῆμος· ὃ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἀτίζων\nἔρχεται, ἀλλʼ ὅτε κέν τις ἀρηϊθόων αἰζηῶν\nδουρὶ βάλῃ ἐάλη τε χανών, περί τʼ ἀφρὸς ὀδόντας\nγίγνεται, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίῃ στένει ἄλκιμον ἦτορ,\nοὐρῇ δὲ πλευράς τε καὶ ἰσχία ἀμφοτέρωθεν\nμαστίεται, ἑὲ δʼ αὐτὸν ἐποτρύνει μαχέσασθαι,\nγλαυκιόων δʼ ἰθὺς φέρεται μένει, ἤν τινα πέφνῃ\nἀνδρῶν, ἢ αὐτὸς φθίεται πρώτῳ ἐν ὁμίλῳ·\nὣς Ἀχιλῆʼ ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ\nἀντίον ἐλθέμεναι μεγαλήτορος Αἰνείαο.", "en": "Aeneas was first to stride forward in attack, his doughty helmet tossing defiance as he came on. He held his strong shield before his breast, and brandished his bronze spear. The son of Peleus from the other side sprang forth to meet him, like some fierce lion that the whole country-side has met to hunt and kill, at first he bodes no ill, but when some daring youth has struck him with a spear, he crouches openmouthed, his jaws foam, he roars with fury, he lashes his tail from side to side about his ribs and loins, and glares as he springs straight before him, to find out whether he is to slay, or be slain among the foremost of his foes, even with such fury did Achilles burn to spring upon Aeneas." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.176–194", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nΑἰνεία τί σὺ τόσσον ὁμίλου πολλὸν ἐπελθὼν\nἔστης; ἦ σέ γε θυμὸς ἐμοὶ μαχέσασθαι ἀνώγει\nἐλπόμενον Τρώεσσιν ἀνάξειν ἱπποδάμοισι\nτιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου; ἀτὰρ εἴ κεν ἔμʼ ἐξεναρίξῃς,\nοὔ τοι τοὔνεκά γε Πρίαμος γέρας ἐν χερὶ θήσει·\nεἰσὶν γάρ οἱ παῖδες, ὃ δʼ ἔμπεδος οὐδʼ ἀεσίφρων.\nἦ νύ τί τοι Τρῶες τέμενος τάμον ἔξοχον ἄλλων\nκαλὸν φυταλιῆς καὶ ἀρούρης, ὄφρα νέμηαι\nαἴ κεν ἐμὲ κτείνῃς; χαλεπῶς δέ σʼ ἔολπα τὸ ῥέξειν.\nἤδη μὲν σέ γέ φημι καὶ ἄλλοτε δουρὶ φοβῆσαι.\nἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε πέρ σε βοῶν ἄπο μοῦνον ἐόντα\nσεῦα κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων ταχέεσσι πόδεσσι\nκαρπαλίμως; τότε δʼ οὔ τι μετατροπαλίζεο φεύγων.\nἔνθεν δʼ ἐς Λυρνησσὸν ὑπέκφυγες· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τὴν\nπέρσα μεθορμηθεὶς σὺν Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διὶ πατρί,\nληϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας\nἦγον· ἀτὰρ σὲ Ζεὺς ἐρρύσατο καὶ θεοὶ ἄλλοι.", "en": "When they were now close up with one another Achilles was first to speak. “Aeneas,” said he, “why do you stand thus out before the host to fight me? Is it that you hope to reign over the Trojans in the seat of Priam? Nay, though you kill me Priam will not hand his kingdom over to you. He is a man of sound judgement, and he has sons of his own. Or have the Trojans been allotting you a demesne of passing richness, fair with orchard lawns and corn lands, if you should slay me? This you shall hardly do. I have discomfited you once already. Have you forgotten how when you were alone I chased you from your herds helter-skelter down the slopes of Ida? You did not turn round to look behind you; you took refuge in Lyrnessus, but I attacked the city, and with the help of Minerva and father Jove I sacked it and carried its women into captivity, though Jove and the other gods rescued you." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.195–214", "orig": "ἀλλʼ οὐ νῦν ἐρύεσθαι ὀΐομαι, ὡς ἐνὶ θυμῷ\nβάλλεαι· ἀλλά σʼ ἔγωγʼ ἀναχωρήσαντα κελεύω\nἐς πληθὺν ἰέναι, μηδʼ ἀντίος ἵστασʼ ἐμεῖο,\nπρίν τι κακὸν παθέειν· ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Αἰνείας ἀπαμείβετο φώνησέν τε·\nΠηλεΐδη μὴ δὴ ἐπέεσσί με νηπύτιον ὣς\nἔλπεο δειδίξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ σάφα οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς\nἠμὲν κερτομίας ἠδʼ αἴσυλα μυθήσασθαι.\nἴδμεν δʼ ἀλλήλων γενεήν, ἴδμεν δὲ τοκῆας\nπρόκλυτʼ ἀκούοντες ἔπεα θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων·\nὄψει δʼ οὔτʼ ἄρ πω σὺ ἐμοὺς ἴδες οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ἐγὼ σούς.\nφασὶ σὲ μὲν Πηλῆος ἀμύμονος ἔκγονον εἶναι,\nμητρὸς δʼ ἐκ Θέτιδος καλλιπλοκάμου ἁλοσύδνης·\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼν υἱὸς μεγαλήτορος Ἀγχίσαο\nεὔχομαι ἐκγεγάμεν, μήτηρ δέ μοί ἐστʼ Ἀφροδίτη·\nτῶν δὴ νῦν ἕτεροί γε φίλον παῖδα κλαύσονται\nσήμερον· οὐ γάρ φημʼ ἐπέεσσί γε νηπυτίοισιν\nὧδε διακρινθέντε μάχης ἐξαπονέεσθαι.\nεἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις καὶ ταῦτα δαήμεναι, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῇς\nἡμετέρην γενεήν, πολλοὶ δέ μιν ἄνδρες ἴσασι·", "en": "You think they will protect you now, but they will not do so; therefore I say go back into the host, and do not face me, or you will rue it. Even a fool may be wise after the event.”\nThen Aeneas answered, “Son of Peleus, think not that your words can scare me as though I were a child. I too, if I will, can brag and talk unseemly. We know one another’s race and parentage as matters of common fame, though neither have you ever seen my parents nor I yours. Men say that you are son to noble Peleus, and that your mother is Thetis, fair-haired daughter of the sea. I have noble Anchises for my father, and Venus for my mother; the parents of one or other of us shall this day mourn a son, for it will be more than silly talk that shall part us when the fight is over. Learn, then, my lineage if you will, and it is known to many." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.215–229", "orig": "Δάρδανον αὖ πρῶτον τέκετο νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς,\nκτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην, ἐπεὶ οὔ πω Ἴλιος ἱρὴ\nἐν πεδίῳ πεπόλιστο πόλις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων,\nἀλλʼ ἔθʼ ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης.\nΔάρδανος αὖ τέκεθʼ υἱὸν Ἐριχθόνιον βασιλῆα,\nὃς δὴ ἀφνειότατος γένετο θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων·\nτοῦ τρισχίλιαι ἵπποι ἕλος κάτα βουκολέοντο\nθήλειαι, πώλοισιν ἀγαλλόμεναι ἀταλῇσι.\nτάων καὶ Βορέης ἠράσσατο βοσκομενάων,\nἵππῳ δʼ εἰσάμενος παρελέξατο κυανοχαίτῃ·\nαἳ δʼ ὑποκυσάμεναι ἔτεκον δυοκαίδεκα πώλους.\nαἳ δʼ ὅτε μὲν σκιρτῷεν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν,\nἄκρον ἐπʼ ἀνθερίκων καρπὸν θέον οὐδὲ κατέκλων·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σκιρτῷεν ἐπʼ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης,\nἄκρον ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνος ἁλὸς πολιοῖο θέεσκον.", "en": "“In the beginning Dardanus was the son of Jove, and founded Dardania, for Ilius was not yet stablished on the plain for men to dwell in, and her people still abode on the spurs of many-fountained Ida. Dardanus had a son, king Erichthonius, who was wealthiest of all men living; he had three thousand mares that fed by the water-meadows, they and their foals with them. Boreas was enamoured of them as they were feeding, and covered them in the semblance of a dark-maned stallion. Twelve filly foals did they conceive and bear him, and these, as they sped over the rich plain, would go bounding on over the ripe ears of corn and not break them; or again when they would disport themselves on the broad back of Ocean they could gallop on the crest of a breaker." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.230–240", "orig": "Τρῶα δʼ Ἐριχθόνιος τέκετο Τρώεσσιν ἄνακτα·\nΤρωὸς δʼ αὖ τρεῖς παῖδες ἀμύμονες ἐξεγένοντο\nἾλός τʼ Ἀσσάρακός τε καὶ ἀντίθεος Γανυμήδης,\nὃς δὴ κάλλιστος γένετο θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων·\nτὸν καὶ ἀνηρείψαντο θεοὶ Διὶ οἰνοχοεύειν\nκάλλεος εἵνεκα οἷο ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι μετείη.\nἾλος δʼ αὖ τέκεθʼ υἱὸν ἀμύμονα Λαομέδοντα·\nΛαομέδων δʼ ἄρα Τιθωνὸν τέκετο Πρίαμόν τε\nΛάμπόν τε Κλυτίον θʼ Ἱκετάονά τʼ ὄζον Ἄρηος·\nἈσσάρακος δὲ Κάπυν, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀγχίσην τέκε παῖδα·\nαὐτὰρ ἔμʼ Ἀγχίσης, Πρίαμος δʼ ἔτεχʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον.", "en": "Erichthonius begat Tros, king of the Trojans, and Tros had three noble sons, Ilus, Assaracus, and Ganymede who was comeliest of mortal men; wherefore the gods carried him off to be Jove’s cup-bearer, for his beauty’s sake, that he might dwell among the immortals. Ilus begat Laomedon, and Laomedon begat Tithonus, Priam, Lampus, Clytius, and Hiketaon of the stock of Mars. But Assaracus was father to Capys, and Capys to Anchises, who was my father, while Hector is son to Priam." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.241–258", "orig": "ταύτης τοι γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι.\nΖεὺς δʼ ἀρετὴν ἄνδρεσσιν ὀφέλλει τε μινύθει τε\nὅππως κεν ἐθέλῃσιν· ὃ γὰρ κάρτιστος ἁπάντων.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα νηπύτιοι ὣς\nἑσταότʼ ἐν μέσσῃ ὑσμίνῃ δηϊοτῆτος.\nἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι\nπολλὰ μάλʼ, οὐδʼ ἂν νηῦς ἑκατόζυγος ἄχθος ἄροιτο.\nστρεπτὴ δὲ γλῶσσʼ ἐστὶ βροτῶν, πολέες δʼ ἔνι μῦθοι\nπαντοῖοι, ἐπέων δὲ πολὺς νομὸς ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα.\nὁπποῖόν κʼ εἴπῃσθα ἔπος, τοῖόν κʼ ἐπακούσαις.\nἀλλὰ τί ἢ ἔριδας καὶ νείκεα νῶϊν ἀνάγκη\nνεικεῖν ἀλλήλοισιν ἐναντίον ὥς τε γυναῖκας,\nαἵ τε χολωσάμεναι ἔριδος πέρι θυμοβόροιο\nνεικεῦσʼ ἀλλήλῃσι μέσην ἐς ἄγυιαν ἰοῦσαι\nπόλλʼ ἐτεά τε καὶ οὐκί· χόλος δέ τε καὶ τὰ κελεύει.\nἀλκῆς δʼ οὔ μʼ ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρέψεις μεμαῶτα\nπρὶν χαλκῷ μαχέσασθαι ἐναντίον· ἀλλʼ ἄγε θᾶσσον\nγευσόμεθʼ ἀλλήλων χαλκήρεσιν ἐγχείῃσιν.", "en": "“Such do I declare my blood and lineage, but as for valour, Jove gives it or takes it as he will, for he is lord of all. And now let there be no more of this prating in mid-battle as though we were children. We could fling taunts without end at one another; a hundred-oared galley would not hold them. The tongue can run all whithers and talk all wise; it can go here and there, and as a man says, so shall he be gainsaid. What is the use of our bandying hard like women who when they fall foul of one another go out and wrangle in the streets, one half true and the other lies, as rage inspires them? No words of yours shall turn me now that I am fain to fight, therefore let us make trial of one another with our spears.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.259–272", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἐν δεινῷ σάκει ἤλασεν ὄβριμον ἔγχος\nσμερδαλέῳ· μέγα δʼ ἀμφὶ σάκος μύκε δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ.\nΠηλεΐδης δὲ σάκος μὲν ἀπὸ ἕο χειρὶ παχείῃ\nἔσχετο ταρβήσας· φάτο γὰρ δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος\nῥέα διελεύσεσθαι μεγαλήτορος Αἰνείαο\nνήπιος, οὐδʼ ἐνόησε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμὸν\nὡς οὐ ῥηΐδιʼ ἐστὶ θεῶν ἐρικυδέα δῶρα\nἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι δαμήμεναι οὐδʼ ὑποείκειν.\nοὐδὲ τότʼ Αἰνείαο δαΐφρονος ὄβριμον ἔγχος\nῥῆξε σάκος· χρυσὸς γὰρ ἐρύκακε, δῶρα θεοῖο·\nἀλλὰ δύω μὲν ἔλασσε διὰ πτύχας, αἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι τρεῖς\nἦσαν, ἐπεὶ πέντε πτύχας ἤλασε κυλλοποδίων,\nτὰς δύο χαλκείας, δύο δʼ ἔνδοθι κασσιτέροιο,\nτὴν δὲ μίαν χρυσῆν, τῇ ῥʼ ἔσχετο μείλινον ἔγχος.", "en": "As he spoke he drove his spear at the great and terrible shield of Achilles, which rang out as the point struck it. The son of Peleus held the shield before him with his strong hand, and he was afraid, for he deemed that Aeneas’s spear would go through it quite easily, not reflecting that the god’s glorious gifts were little likely to yield before the blows of mortal men; and indeed Aeneas’s spear did not pierce the shield, for the layer of gold, gift of the god, stayed the point. It went through two layers, but the god had made the shield in five, two of bronze, the two innermost ones of tin, and one of gold; it was in this that the spear was stayed." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.273–287", "orig": "δεύτερος αὖτʼ Ἀχιλεὺς προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ βάλεν Αἰνείαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην\nἄντυγʼ ὕπο πρώτην, ᾗ λεπτότατος θέε χαλκός,\nλεπτοτάτη δʼ ἐπέην ῥινὸς βοός· ἣ δὲ διὰ πρὸ\nΠηλιὰς ἤϊξεν μελίη, λάκε δʼ ἀσπὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῆς.\nΑἰνείας δʼ ἐάλη καὶ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ἀσπίδʼ ἀνέσχε\nδείσας· ἐγχείη δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ νώτου ἐνὶ γαίῃ\nἔστη ἱεμένη, διὰ δʼ ἀμφοτέρους ἕλε κύκλους\nἀσπίδος ἀμφιβρότης· ὃ δʼ ἀλευάμενος δόρυ μακρὸν\nἔστη, κὰδ δʼ ἄχος οἱ χύτο μυρίον ὀφθαλμοῖσι,\nταρβήσας ὅ οἱ ἄγχι πάγη βέλος. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐμμεμαὼς ἐπόρουσεν ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ὀξὺ\nσμερδαλέα ἰάχων· ὃ δὲ χερμάδιον λάβε χειρὶ\nΑἰνείας, μέγα ἔργον, ὃ οὐ δύο γʼ ἄνδρε φέροιεν,\nοἷοι νῦν βροτοί εἰσʼ· ὃ δέ μιν ῥέα πάλλε καὶ οἶος.", "en": "Achilles in his turn threw, and struck the round shield of Aeneas at the very edge, where the bronze was thinnest; the spear of Pelian ash went clean through, and the shield rang under the blow; Aeneas was afraid, and crouched backwards, holding the shield away from him; the spear, however, flew over his back, and stuck quivering in the ground, after having gone through both circles of the sheltering shield. Aeneas though he had avoided the spear, stood still, blinded with fear and grief because the weapon had gone so near him; then Achilles sprang furiously upon him, with a cry as of death and with his keen blade drawn, and Aeneas seized a great stone, so huge that two men, as men now are, would be unable to lift it, but Aeneas wielded it quite easily." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.288–308", "orig": "ἔνθά κεν Αἰνείας μὲν ἐπεσσύμενον βάλε πέτρῳ\nἢ κόρυθʼ ἠὲ σάκος, τό οἱ ἤρκεσε λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον,\nτὸν δέ κε Πηλεΐδης σχεδὸν ἄορι θυμὸν ἀπηύρα,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖς μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μοι ἄχος μεγαλήτορος Αἰνείαο,\nὃς τάχα Πηλεΐωνι δαμεὶς Ἄϊδος δὲ κάτεισι\nπειθόμενος μύθοισιν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκάτοιο\nνήπιος, οὐδέ τί οἱ χραισμήσει λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον.\nἀλλὰ τί ἢ νῦν οὗτος ἀναίτιος ἄλγεα πάσχει\nμὰψ ἕνεκʼ ἀλλοτρίων ἀχέων, κεχαρισμένα δʼ αἰεὶ\nδῶρα θεοῖσι δίδωσι τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσιν;\nἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ἡμεῖς πέρ μιν ὑπὲκ θανάτου ἀγάγωμεν,\nμή πως καὶ Κρονίδης κεχολώσεται, αἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nτόνδε κατακτείνῃ· μόριμον δέ οἵ ἐστʼ ἀλέασθαι,\nὄφρα μὴ ἄσπερμος γενεὴ καὶ ἄφαντος ὄληται\nΔαρδάνου, ὃν Κρονίδης περὶ πάντων φίλατο παίδων\nοἳ ἕθεν ἐξεγένοντο γυναικῶν τε θνητάων.\nἤδη γὰρ Πριάμου γενεὴν ἔχθηρε Κρονίων·\nνῦν δὲ δὴ Αἰνείαο βίη Τρώεσσιν ἀνάξει\nκαὶ παίδων παῖδες, τοί κεν μετόπισθε γένωνται.", "en": "Aeneas would then have struck Achilles as he was springing towards him, either on the helmet, or on the shield that covered him, and Achilles would have closed with him and despatched him with his sword, had not Neptune lord of the earthquake been quick to mark, and said forthwith to the immortals, “Alas, I am sorry for great Aeneas, who will now go down to the house of Hades, vanquished by the son of Peleus. Fool that he was to give ear to the counsel of Apollo. Apollo will never save him from destruction. Why should this man suffer when he is guiltless, to no purpose, and in another’s quarrel? Has he not at all times offered acceptable sacrifice to the gods that dwell in heaven? Let us then snatch him from death’s jaws, lest the son of Saturn be angry should Achilles slay him. It is fated, moreover, that he should escape, and that the race of Dardanus, whom Jove loved above all the sons born to him of mortal women, shall not perish utterly without seed or sign. For now indeed has Jove hated the blood of Priam, while Aeneas shall reign over the Trojans, he and his children’s children that shall be born hereafter.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.309–323", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη·\nἐννοσίγαιʼ, αὐτὸς σὺ μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι νόησον\nΑἰνείαν ἤ κέν μιν ἐρύσσεαι ἦ κεν ἐάσῃς\nΠηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ δαμήμεναι, ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα.\nἤτοι μὲν γὰρ νῶϊ πολέας ὠμόσσαμεν ὅρκους\nπᾶσι μετʼ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐγὼ καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nμή ποτʼ ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀλεξήσειν κακὸν ἦμαρ,\nμηδʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν Τροίη μαλερῷ πυρὶ πᾶσα δάηται\nκαιομένη, καίωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων,\nβῆ ῥʼ ἴμεν ἄν τε μάχην καὶ ἀνὰ κλόνον ἐγχειάων,\nἷξε δʼ ὅθʼ Αἰνείας ἠδʼ ὃ κλυτὸς ἦεν Ἀχιλλεύς.\nαὐτίκα τῷ μὲν ἔπειτα κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν χέεν ἀχλὺν\nΠηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ· ὃ δὲ μελίην εὔχαλκον\nἀσπίδος ἐξέρυσεν μεγαλήτορος Αἰνείαο·", "en": "Then answered Juno, “Earth-shaker, look to this matter yourself, and consider concerning Aeneas, whether you will save him, or suffer him, brave though he be, to fall by the hand of Achilles son of Peleus. For of a truth we two, I and Pallas Minerva, have sworn full many a time before all the immortals, that never would we shield Trojans from destruction, not even when all Troy is burning in the flames that the Achaeans shall kindle.”\nWhen earth-encircling Neptune heard this he went into the battle amid the clash of spears, and came to the place where Achilles and Aeneas were. Forthwith he shed a darkness before the eyes of the son of Peleus, drew the bronze-headed ashen spear from the shield of Aeneas, and laid it at the feet of Achilles." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.324–339", "orig": "καὶ τὴν μὲν προπάροιθε ποδῶν Ἀχιλῆος ἔθηκεν,\nΑἰνείαν δʼ ἔσσευεν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ὑψόσʼ ἀείρας.\nπολλὰς δὲ στίχας ἡρώων, πολλὰς δὲ καὶ ἵππων\nΑἰνείας ὑπερᾶλτο θεοῦ ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὀρούσας,\nἷξε δʼ ἐπʼ ἐσχατιὴν πολυάϊκος πολέμοιο,\nἔνθά τε Καύκωνες πόλεμον μέτα θωρήσσοντο.\nτῷ δὲ μάλʼ ἐγγύθεν ἦλθε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nΑἰνεία, τίς σʼ ὧδε θεῶν ἀτέοντα κελεύει\nἀντία Πηλεΐωνος ὑπερθύμοιο μάχεσθαι,\nὃς σεῦ ἅμα κρείσσων καὶ φίλτερος ἀθανάτοισιν;\nἀλλʼ ἀναχωρῆσαι ὅτε κεν συμβλήσεαι αὐτῷ,\nμὴ καὶ ὑπὲρ μοῖραν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἰσαφίκηαι.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ Ἀχιλεὺς θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ,\nθαρσήσας δὴ ἔπειτα μετὰ πρώτοισι μάχεσθαι·\nοὐ μὲν γάρ τίς σʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν ἐξεναρίξει.", "en": "Then he lifted Aeneas on high from off the earth and hurried him away. Over the heads of many a band of warriors both horse and foot did he soar as the god’s hand sped him, till he came to the very fringe of the battle where the Cauconians were arming themselves for fight. Neptune, shaker of the earth, then came near to him and said, “Aeneas, what god has egged you on to this folly in fighting the son of Peleus, who is both a mightier man of valour and more beloved of heaven than you are? Give way before him whensoever you meet him, lest you go down to the house of Hades even though fate would have it otherwise. When Achilles is dead you may then fight among the foremost undaunted, for none other of the Achaeans shall slay you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.340–352", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν λίπεν αὐτόθʼ, ἐπεὶ διεπέφραδε πάντα.\nαἶψα δʼ ἔπειτʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν σκέδασʼ ἀχλὺν\nθεσπεσίην· ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα μέγʼ ἔξιδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν,\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι·\nἔγχος μὲν τόδε κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονός, οὐδέ τι φῶτα\nλεύσσω, τῷ ἐφέηκα κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων.\nἦ ῥα καὶ Αἰνείας φίλος ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν\nἦεν· ἀτάρ μιν ἔφην μὰψ αὔτως εὐχετάασθαι.\nἐρρέτω· οὔ οἱ θυμὸς ἐμεῦ ἔτι πειρηθῆναι\nἔσσεται, ὃς καὶ νῦν φύγεν ἄσμενος ἐκ θανάτοιο.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ Δαναοῖσι φιλοπτολέμοισι κελεύσας\nτῶν ἄλλων Τρώων πειρήσομαι ἀντίος ἐλθών.", "en": "The god left him when he had given him these instructions, and at once removed the darkness from before the eyes of Achilles, who opened them wide indeed and said in great anger, “Alas! what marvel am I now beholding? Here is my spear upon the ground, but I see not him whom I meant to kill when I hurled it. Of a truth Aeneas also must be under heaven’s protection, although I had thought his boasting was idle. Let him go hang; he will be in no mood to fight me further, seeing how narrowly he has missed being killed. I will now give my orders to the Danaans and attack some other of the Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.353–363", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ ἐπὶ στίχας ἆλτο, κέλευε δὲ φωτὶ ἑκάστῳ·\nμηκέτι νῦν Τρώων ἑκὰς ἕστατε δῖοι Ἀχαιοί,\nἀλλʼ ἄγʼ ἀνὴρ ἄντʼ ἀνδρὸς ἴτω, μεμάτω δὲ μάχεσθαι.\nἀργαλέον δέ μοί ἐστι καὶ ἰφθίμῳ περ ἐόντι\nτοσσούσδʼ ἀνθρώπους ἐφέπειν καὶ πᾶσι μάχεσθαι·\nοὐδέ κʼ Ἄρης, ὅς περ θεὸς ἄμβροτος, οὐδέ κʼ Ἀθήνη\nτοσσῆσδʼ ὑσμίνης ἐφέποι στόμα καὶ πονέοιτο·\nἀλλʼ ὅσσον μὲν ἐγὼ δύναμαι χερσίν τε ποσίν τε\nκαὶ σθένει, οὔ μʼ ἔτι φημὶ μεθησέμεν οὐδʼ ἠβαιόν,\nἀλλὰ μάλα στιχὸς εἶμι διαμπερές, οὐδέ τινʼ οἴω\nΤρώων χαιρήσειν, ὅς τις σχεδὸν ἔγχεος ἔλθῃ.", "en": "He sprang forward along the line and cheered his men on as he did so. “Let not the Trojans,” he cried, “keep you at arm’s length, Achaeans, but go for them and fight them man for man. However valiant I may be, I cannot give chase to so many and fight all of them. Even Mars, who is an immortal, or Minerva, would shrink from flinging himself into the jaws of such a fight and laying about him; nevertheless, so far as in me lies I will show no slackness of hand or foot nor want of endurance, not even for a moment; I will utterly break their ranks, and woe to the Trojan who shall venture within reach of my spear.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.364–378", "orig": "ὣς φάτʼ ἐποτρύνων· Τρώεσσι δὲ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ\nκέκλεθʼ ὁμοκλήσας, φάτο δʼ ἴμεναι ἄντʼ Ἀχιλῆος·\nΤρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι μὴ δείδιτε Πηλεΐωνα.\nκαί κεν ἐγὼ ἐπέεσσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι μαχοίμην,\nἔγχεϊ δʼ ἀργαλέον, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσιν.\nοὐδʼ Ἀχιλεὺς πάντεσσι τέλος μύθοις ἐπιθήσει,\nἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν τελέει, τὸ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγὺ κολούει.\nτοῦ δʼ ἐγὼ ἀντίος εἶμι καὶ εἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικεν,\nεἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικε, μένος δʼ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ.\nὣς φάτʼ ἐποτρύνων, οἳ δʼ ἀντίοι ἔγχεʼ ἄειραν\nΤρῶες· τῶν δʼ ἄμυδις μίχθη μένος, ὦρτο δʼ ἀϋτή.\nκαὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστὰς Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nἝκτορ μηκέτι πάμπαν Ἀχιλλῆϊ προμάχιζε,\nἀλλὰ κατὰ πληθύν τε καὶ ἐκ φλοίσβοιο δέδεξο,\nμή πώς σʼ ἠὲ βάλῃ ἠὲ σχεδὸν ἄορι τύψῃ.", "en": "Thus did he exhort them. Meanwhile Hector called upon the Trojans and declared that he would fight Achilles. “Be not afraid, proud Trojans,” said he, “to face the son of Peleus; I could fight gods myself if the battle were one of words only, but they would be more than a match for me, if we had to use our spears. Even so the deed of Achilles will fall somewhat short of his word; he will do in part, and the other part he will clip short. I will go up against him though his hands be as fire, though his hands be fire and his strength iron.”\nThus urged the Trojans lifted up their spears against the Achaeans, and raised the cry of battle as they flung themselves into the midst of their ranks. But Phoebus Apollo came up to Hector and said, “Hector, on no account must you challenge Achilles to single combat; keep a look-out for him while you are under cover of the others and away from the thick of the fight, otherwise he will either hit you with a spear or cut you down at close quarters.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.379–392", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτις ἐδύσετο οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν\nταρβήσας, ὅτʼ ἄκουσε θεοῦ ὄπα φωνήσαντος.\nἐν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Τρώεσσι θόρε φρεσὶν εἱμένος ἀλκὴν\nσμερδαλέα ἰάχων, πρῶτον δʼ ἕλεν Ἰφιτίωνα\nἐσθλὸν Ὀτρυντεΐδην πολέων ἡγήτορα λαῶν,\nὃν νύμφη τέκε νηῒς Ὀτρυντῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ\nΤμώλῳ ὕπο νιφόεντι Ὕδης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ·\nτὸν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτα βάλʼ ἔγχεϊ δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nμέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη,\nδούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nκεῖσαι Ὀτρυντεΐδη πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν·\nἐνθάδε τοι θάνατος, γενεὴ δέ τοί ἐστʼ ἐπὶ λίμνῃ\nΓυγαίῃ, ὅθι τοι τέμενος πατρώϊόν ἐστιν\nὝλλῳ ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντι καὶ Ἕρμῳ δινήεντι.", "en": "Thus he spoke, and Hector drew back within the crowd, for he was afraid when he heard what the god had said to him. Achilles then sprang upon the Trojans with a terrible cry, clothed in valour as with a garment. First he killed Iphition son of Otrynteus, a leader of much people whom a naiad nymph had borne to Otrynteus waster of cities, in the land of Hyde under the snowy heights of Mt. Tmolus. Achilles struck him full on the head as he was coming on towards him, and split it clean in two; whereon he fell heavily to the ground and Achilles vaunted over him saying, “You be low, son of Otrynteus, mighty hero; your death is here, but your lineage is on the Gygaean lake where your father’s estate lies, by Hyllus, rich in fish, and the eddying waters of Hermus.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.393–406", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.\nτὸν μὲν Ἀχαιῶν ἵπποι ἐπισσώτροις δατέοντο\nπρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ· ὃ δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Δημολέοντα\nἐσθλὸν ἀλεξητῆρα μάχης Ἀντήνορος υἱὸν\nνύξε κατὰ κρόταφον, κυνέης διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου.\nοὐδʼ ἄρα χαλκείη κόρυς ἔσχεθεν, ἀλλὰ διʼ αὐτῆς\nαἰχμὴ ἱεμένη ῥῆξʼ ὀστέον, ἐγκέφαλος δὲ\nἔνδον ἅπας πεπάλακτο· δάμασσε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα.\nἹπποδάμαντα δʼ ἔπειτα καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντα\nπρόσθεν ἕθεν φεύγοντα μετάφρενον οὔτασε δουρί.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ θυμὸν ἄϊσθε καὶ ἤρυγεν, ὡς ὅτε ταῦρος\nἤρυγεν ἑλκόμενος Ἑλικώνιον ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα\nκούρων ἑλκόντων· γάνυται δέ τε τοῖς ἐνοσίχθων·\nὣς ἄρα τόν γʼ ἐρυγόντα λίπʼ ὀστέα θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ·", "en": "Thus did he vaunt, but darkness closed the eyes of the other. The chariots of the Achaeans cut him up as their wheels passed over him in the front of the battle, and after him Achilles killed Demoleon, a valiant man of war and son to Antenor. He struck him on the temple through his bronze-cheeked helmet. The helmet did not stay the spear, but it went right on, crushing the bone so that the brain inside was shed in all directions, and his lust of fighting was ended. Then he struck Hippodamas in the midriff as he was springing down from his chariot in front of him, and trying to escape. He breathed his last, bellowing like a bull bellows when young men are dragging him to offer him in sacrifice to the King of Helice, and the heart of the earth-shaker is glad; even so did he bellow as he lay dying." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.407–418", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ σὺν δουρὶ μετʼ ἀντίθεον Πολύδωρον\nΠριαμίδην. τὸν δʼ οὔ τι πατὴρ εἴασκε μάχεσθαι,\nοὕνεκά οἱ μετὰ παισὶ νεώτατος ἔσκε γόνοιο,\nκαί οἱ φίλτατος ἔσκε, πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα\nδὴ τότε νηπιέῃσι ποδῶν ἀρετὴν ἀναφαίνων\nθῦνε διὰ προμάχων, εἷος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν.\nτὸν βάλε μέσσον ἄκοντι ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nνῶτα παραΐσσοντος, ὅθι ζωστῆρος ὀχῆες\nχρύσειοι σύνεχον καὶ διπλόος ἤντετο θώρηξ·\nἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε παρʼ ὀμφαλὸν ἔγχεος αἰχμή,\nγνὺξ δʼ ἔριπʼ οἰμώξας, νεφέλη δέ μιν ἀμφεκάλυψε\nκυανέη, προτὶ οἷ δʼ ἔλαβʼ ἔντερα χερσὶ λιασθείς.", "en": "Achilles then went in pursuit of Polydorus son of Priam, whom his father had always forbidden to fight because he was the youngest of his sons, the one he loved best, and the fastest runner. He, in his folly and showing off the fleetness of his feet, was rushing about among front ranks until he lost his life, for Achilles struck him in the middle of the back as he was darting past him: he struck him just at the golden fastenings of his belt and where the two pieces of the double breastplate overlapped. The point of the spear pierced him through and came out by the navel, whereon he fell groaning on to his knees and a cloud of darkness overshadowed him as he sank holding his entrails in his hands." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.419–437", "orig": "Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς ἐνόησε κασίγνητον Πολύδωρον\nἔντερα χερσὶν ἔχοντα λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίη\nκάρ ῥά οἱ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἔτλη\nδηρὸν ἑκὰς στρωφᾶσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀντίος ἦλθʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ\nὀξὺ δόρυ κραδάων φλογὶ εἴκελος· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nὡς εἶδʼ, ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο, καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·\nἐγγὺς ἀνὴρ ὃς ἐμόν γε μάλιστʼ ἐσεμάσσατο θυμόν,\nὅς μοι ἑταῖρον ἔπεφνε τετιμένον· οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι δὴν\nἀλλήλους πτώσσοιμεν ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας.\nἦ, καὶ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσεφώνεεν Ἕκτορα δῖον·\nἆσσον ἴθʼ ὥς κεν θᾶσσον ὀλέθρου πείραθʼ ἵκηαι.\nτὸν δʼ οὐ ταρβήσας προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΠηλεΐδη μὴ δὴ ἐπέεσσί με νηπύτιον ὣς\nἔλπεο δειδίξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ σάφα οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς\nἠμὲν κερτομίας ἠδʼ αἴσυλα μυθήσασθαι.\nοἶδα δʼ ὅτι σὺ μὲν ἐσθλός, ἐγὼ δὲ σέθεν πολὺ χείρων.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται,\nαἴ κέ σε χειρότερός περ ἐὼν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλωμαι\nδουρὶ βαλών, ἐπεὶ ἦ καὶ ἐμὸν βέλος ὀξὺ πάροιθεν.", "en": "When Hector saw his brother Polydorus with his entrails in his hands and sinking down upon the ground, a mist came over his eyes, and he could not bear to keep longer at a distance; he therefore poised his spear and darted towards Achilles like a flame of fire. When Achilles saw him he bounded forward and vaunted saying, “This is he that has wounded my heart most deeply and has slain my beloved comrade. Not for long shall we two quail before one another on the highways of war.”\nHe looked fiercely on Hector and said, “Draw near, that you may meet your doom the sooner.” Hector feared him not and answered, “Son of Peleus, think not that your words can scare me as though I were a child; I too if I will can brag and talk unseemly; I know that you are a mighty warrior, mightier by far than I, nevertheless the issue lies in the lap of heaven whether I, worse man though I be, may not slay you with my spear, for this too has been found keen ere now.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.438–454", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δόρυ, καὶ τό γʼ Ἀθήνη\nπνοιῇ Ἀχιλλῆος πάλιν ἔτραπε κυδαλίμοιο\nἦκα μάλα ψύξασα· τὸ δʼ ἂψ ἵκεθʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον,\nαὐτοῦ δὲ προπάροιθε ποδῶν πέσεν. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐμμεμαὼς ἐπόρουσε κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων,\nσμερδαλέα ἰάχων· τὸν δʼ ἐξήρπαξεν Ἀπόλλων\nῥεῖα μάλʼ ὥς τε θεός, ἐκάλυψε δʼ ἄρʼ ἠέρι πολλῇ.\nτρὶς μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἐπόρουσε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ, τρὶς δʼ ἠέρα τύψε βαθεῖαν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος,\nδεινὰ δʼ ὁμοκλήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἐξ αὖ νῦν ἔφυγες θάνατον κύον· ἦ τέ τοι ἄγχι\nἦλθε κακόν· νῦν αὖτέ σʼ ἐρύσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nᾧ μέλλεις εὔχεσθαι ἰὼν ἐς δοῦπον ἀκόντων.\nἦ θήν σʼ ἐξανύω γε καὶ ὕστερον ἀντιβολήσας,\nεἴ πού τις καὶ ἔμοιγε θεῶν ἐπιτάρροθός ἐστι.\nνῦν αὖ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπιείσομαι, ὅν κε κιχείω.", "en": "He hurled his spear as he spoke, but Minerva breathed upon it, and though she breathed but very lightly she turned it back from going towards Achilles, so that it returned to Hector and lay at his feet in front of him. Achilles then sprang furiously on him with a loud cry, bent on killing him, but Apollo caught him up easily as a god can, and hid him in a thick darkness. Thrice did Achilles spring towards him spear in hand, and thrice did he waste his blow upon the air. When he rushed forward for the fourth time as though he were a god, he shouted aloud saying, “Hound, this time too you have escaped death, but of a truth it came exceedingly near you. Phoebus Apollo, to whom it seems you pray before you go into battle, has again saved you; but if I too have any friend among the gods I will surely make an end of you when I come across you at some other time. Now, however, I will pursue and overtake other Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.455–471", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν Δρύοπʼ οὖτα κατʼ αὐχένα μέσσον ἄκοντι·\nἤριπε δὲ προπάροιθε ποδῶν· ὃ δὲ τὸν μὲν ἔασε,\nΔημοῦχον δὲ Φιλητορίδην ἠΰν τε μέγαν τε\nκὰγ γόνυ δουρὶ βαλὼν ἠρύκακε. τὸν μὲν ἔπειτα\nοὐτάζων ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Λαόγονον καὶ Δάρδανον υἷε Βίαντος\nἄμφω ἐφορμηθεὶς ἐξ ἵππων ὦσε χαμᾶζε,\nτὸν μὲν δουρὶ βαλών, τὸν δὲ σχεδὸν ἄορι τύψας.\nΤρῶα δʼ Ἀλαστορίδην, ὃ μὲν ἀντίος ἤλυθε γούνων,\nεἴ πώς εὑ πεφίδοιτο λαβὼν καὶ ζωὸν ἀφείη\nμηδὲ κατακτείνειεν ὁμηλικίην ἐλεήσας,\nνήπιος, οὐδὲ τὸ ᾔδη ὃ οὐ πείσεσθαι ἔμελλεν·\nοὐ γάρ τι γλυκύθυμος ἀνὴρ ἦν οὐδʼ ἀγανόφρων,\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐμμεμαώς· ὃ μὲν ἥπτετο χείρεσι γούνων\nἱέμενος λίσσεσθʼ, ὃ δὲ φασγάνῳ οὖτα καθʼ ἧπαρ·\nἐκ δέ οἱ ἧπαρ ὄλισθεν, ἀτὰρ μέλαν αἷμα κατʼ αὐτοῦ\nκόλπον ἐνέπλησεν· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε", "en": "On this he struck Dryops with his spear, about the middle of his neck, and he fell headlong at his feet. There he let him lie and stayed Demouchus son of Philetor, a man both brave and of great stature, by hitting him on the knee with a spear; then he smote him with his sword and killed him. After this he sprang on Laogonus and Dardanus, sons of Bias, and threw them from their chariot, the one with a blow from a thrown spear, while the other he cut down in hand-to-hand fight. There was also Tros the son of Alastor, he came up to Achilles and clasped his knees in the hope that he would spare him and not kill him but let him go, because they were both of the same age. Fool, he might have known that he should not prevail with him, for the man was in no mood for pity or forbearance but was in grim earnest. Therefore when Tros laid hold of his knees and sought a hearing for his prayers, Achilles drove his sword into his liver, and the liver came rolling out, while his bosom was all covered with the black blood that welled from the wound. Thus did death close his eyes as he lay lifeless." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.472–489", "orig": "θυμοῦ δευόμενον· ὃ δὲ Μούλιον οὖτα παραστὰς\nδουρὶ κατʼ οὖς· εἶθαρ δὲ διʼ οὔατος ἦλθʼ ἑτέροιο\nαἰχμὴ χαλκείη· ὃ δʼ Ἀγήνορος υἱὸν Ἔχεκλον\nμέσσην κὰκ κεφαλὴν ξίφει ἤλασε κωπήεντι,\nπᾶν δʼ ὑπεθερμάνθη ξίφος αἵματι· τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὄσσε\nἔλλαβε πορφύρεος θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.\nΔευκαλίωνα δʼ ἔπειθʼ, ἵνα τε ξυνέχουσι τένοντες\nἀγκῶνος, τῇ τόν γε φίλης διὰ χειρὸς ἔπειρεν\nαἰχμῇ χαλκείῃ· ὃ δέ μιν μένε χεῖρα βαρυνθεὶς\nπρόσθʼ ὁρόων θάνατον· ὃ δὲ φασγάνῳ αὐχένα θείνας\nτῆλʼ αὐτῇ πήληκι κάρη βάλε· μυελὸς αὖτε\nσφονδυλίων ἔκπαλθʼ, ὃ δʼ ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰέναι μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πείρεω υἱὸν\nῬίγμον, ὃς ἐκ Θρῄκης ἐριβώλακος εἰληλούθει·\nτὸν βάλε μέσσον ἄκοντι, πάγη δʼ ἐν νηδύϊ χαλκός,\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων· ὃ δʼ Ἀρηΐθοον θεράποντα\nἂψ ἵππους στρέψαντα μετάφρενον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ\nνύξʼ, ἀπὸ δʼ ἅρματος ὦσε· κυκήθησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι.", "en": "Achilles then went up to Mulius and struck him on the ear with a spear, and the bronze spear-head came right out at the other ear. He also struck Echeclus son of Agenor on the head with his sword, which became warm with the blood, while death and stern fate closed the eyes of Echeclus. Next in order the bronze point of his spear wounded Deucalion in the fore-arm where the sinews of the elbow are united, whereon he waited Achilles’ onset with his arm hanging down and death staring him in the face. Achilles cut his head off with a blow from his sword and flung it helmet and all away from him, and the marrow came oozing out of his backbone as he lay. He then went in pursuit of Rhigmus, noble son of Peires, who had come from fertile Thrace, and struck him through the middle with a spear which fixed itself in his belly, so that he fell headlong from his chariot. He also speared Areithous squire to Rhigmus in the back as he was turning his horses in flight, and thrust him from his chariot, while the horses were struck with panic." }, { "ref": "Iliad 20.490–503", "orig": "ὡς δʼ ἀναμαιμάει βαθέʼ ἄγκεα θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ\nοὔρεος ἀζαλέοιο, βαθεῖα δὲ καίεται ὕλη,\nπάντῃ τε κλονέων ἄνεμος φλόγα εἰλυφάζει,\nὣς ὅ γε πάντῃ θῦνε σὺν ἔγχεϊ δαίμονι ἶσος\nκτεινομένους ἐφέπων· ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα μέλαινα.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε τις ζεύξῃ βόας ἄρσενας εὐρυμετώπους\nτριβέμεναι κρῖ λευκὸν ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν ἀλωῇ,\nῥίμφά τε λέπτʼ ἐγένοντο βοῶν ὑπὸ πόσσʼ ἐριμύκων,\nὣς ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος μεγαθύμου μώνυχες ἵπποι\nστεῖβον ὁμοῦ νέκυάς τε καὶ ἀσπίδας· αἵματι δʼ ἄξων\nνέρθεν ἅπας πεπάλακτο καὶ ἄντυγες αἳ περὶ δίφρον,\nἃς ἄρʼ ἀφʼ ἱππείων ὁπλέων ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον\nαἵ τʼ ἀπʼ ἐπισσώτρων· ὃ δὲ ἵετο κῦδος ἀρέσθαι\nΠηλεΐδης, λύθρῳ δὲ παλάσσετο χεῖρας ἀάπτους.", "en": "As a fire raging in some mountain glen after long drought, and the dense forest is in a blaze, while the wind carries great tongues of fire in every direction, even so furiously did Achilles rage, wielding his spear as though he were a god, and giving chase to those whom he would slay, till the dark earth ran with blood. Or as one who yokes broad-browed oxen that they may tread barley in a threshing-floor, and it is soon bruised small under the feet of the lowing cattle, even so did the horses of Achilles trample on the shields and bodies of the slain. The axle underneath and the railing that ran round the car were bespattered with clots of blood thrown up by the horses’ hoofs, and from the tyres of the wheels; but the son of Peleus pressed on to win still further glory, and his hands were bedrabbled with gore." } ], "21": [ { "ref": "Iliad 21.1–16", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πόρον ἷξον ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο\nΞάνθου δινήεντος, ὃν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς,\nἔνθα διατμήξας τοὺς μὲν πεδίον δὲ δίωκε\nπρὸς πόλιν, ᾗ περ Ἀχαιοὶ ἀτυζόμενοι φοβέοντο\nἤματι τῷ προτέρῳ, ὅτε μαίνετο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nτῇ ῥʼ οἵ γε προχέοντο πεφυζότες, ἠέρα δʼ Ἥρη\nπίτνα πρόσθε βαθεῖαν ἐρυκέμεν· ἡμίσεες δὲ\nἐς ποταμὸν εἰλεῦντο βαθύρροον ἀργυροδίνην,\nἐν δʼ ἔπεσον μεγάλῳ πατάγῳ, βράχε δʼ αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα,\nὄχθαι δʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ μεγάλʼ ἴαχον· οἳ δʼ ἀλαλητῷ\nἔννεον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἑλισσόμενοι περὶ δίνας.\nὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς πυρὸς ἀκρίδες ἠερέθονται\nφευγέμεναι ποταμὸν δέ· τὸ δὲ φλέγει ἀκάματον πῦρ\nὄρμενον ἐξαίφνης, ταὶ δὲ πτώσσουσι καθʼ ὕδωρ·\nὣς ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος Ξάνθου βαθυδινήεντος\nπλῆτο ῥόος κελάδων ἐπιμὶξ ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν.", "en": "Now when they came to the ford of the full-flowing river Xanthus, begotten of immortal Jove, Achilles cut their forces in two: one half he chased over the plain towards the city by the same way that the Achaeans had taken when flying panic-stricken on the preceding day with Hector in full triumph; this way did they fly pell-mell, and Juno sent down a thick mist in front of them to stay them. The other half were hemmed in by the deep silver-eddying stream, and fell into it with a great uproar. The waters resounded, and the banks rang again, as they swam hither and thither with loud cries amid the whirling eddies. As locusts flying to a river before the blast of a grass fire, the flame comes on and on till at last it overtakes them and they huddle into the water, even so was the eddying stream of Xanthus filled with the uproar of men and horses, all struggling in confusion before Achilles." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.17–33", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὃ διογενὴς δόρυ μὲν λίπεν αὐτοῦ ἐπʼ ὄχθῃ\nκεκλιμένον μυρίκῃσιν, ὃ δʼ ἔσθορε δαίμονι ἶσος\nφάσγανον οἶον ἔχων, κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ μήδετο ἔργα,\nτύπτε δʼ ἐπιστροφάδην· τῶν δὲ στόνος ὄρνυτʼ ἀεικὴς\nἄορι θεινομένων, ἐρυθαίνετο δʼ αἵματι ὕδωρ.\nὡς δʼ ὑπὸ δελφῖνος μεγακήτεος ἰχθύες ἄλλοι\nφεύγοντες πιμπλᾶσι μυχοὺς λιμένος εὐόρμου\nδειδιότες· μάλα γάρ τε κατεσθίει ὅν κε λάβῃσιν·\nὣς Τρῶες ποταμοῖο κατὰ δεινοῖο ῥέεθρα\nπτῶσσον ὑπὸ κρημνούς. ὃ δʼ ἐπεὶ κάμε χεῖρας ἐναίρων,\nζωοὺς ἐκ ποταμοῖο δυώδεκα λέξατο κούρους\nποινὴν Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος·\nτοὺς ἐξῆγε θύραζε τεθηπότας ἠΰτε νεβρούς,\nδῆσε δʼ ὀπίσσω χεῖρας ἐϋτμήτοισιν ἱμᾶσι,\nτοὺς αὐτοὶ φορέεσκον ἐπὶ στρεπτοῖσι χιτῶσι,\nδῶκε δʼ ἑταίροισιν κατάγειν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ ἂψ ἐπόρουσε δαϊζέμεναι μενεαίνων.", "en": "Forthwith the hero left his spear upon the bank, leaning it against a tamarisk bush, and plunged into the river like a god, armed with his sword only. Fell was his purpose as he hewed the Trojans down on every side. Their dying groans rose hideous as the sword smote them, and the river ran red with blood. As when fish fly scared before a huge dolphin, and fill every nook and corner of some fair haven, for he is sure to eat all he can catch, even so did the Trojans cower under the banks of the mighty river, and when Achilles’ arms grew weary with killing them, he drew twelve youths alive out of the water, to sacrifice in revenge for Patroclus son of Menoetius. He drew them out like dazed fawns, bound their hands behind them with the girdles of their own shirts, and gave them over to his men to take back to the ships. Then he sprang into the river, thirsting for still further blood." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.34–48", "orig": "ἔνθʼ υἷι Πριάμοιο συνήντετο Δαρδανίδαο\nἐκ ποταμοῦ φεύγοντι Λυκάονι, τόν ῥά ποτʼ αὐτὸς\nἦγε λαβὼν ἐκ πατρὸς ἀλωῆς οὐκ ἐθέλοντα\nἐννύχιος προμολών· ὃ δʼ ἐρινεὸν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ\nτάμνε νέους ὄρπηκας, ἵνʼ ἅρματος ἄντυγες εἶεν·\nτῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀνώϊστον κακὸν ἤλυθε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nκαὶ τότε μέν μιν Λῆμνον ἐϋκτιμένην ἐπέρασσε\nνηυσὶν ἄγων, ἀτὰρ υἱὸς Ἰήσονος ὦνον ἔδωκε·\nκεῖθεν δὲ ξεῖνός μιν ἐλύσατο πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκεν\nἼμβριος Ἠετίων, πέμψεν δʼ ἐς δῖαν Ἀρίσβην·\nἔνθεν ὑπεκπροφυγὼν πατρώϊον ἵκετο δῶμα.\nἕνδεκα δʼ ἤματα θυμὸν ἐτέρπετο οἷσι φίλοισιν\nἐλθὼν ἐκ Λήμνοιο· δυωδεκάτῃ δέ μιν αὖτις\nχερσὶν Ἀχιλλῆος θεὸς ἔμβαλεν, ὅς μιν ἔμελλε\nπέμψειν εἰς Ἀΐδαο καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλοντα νέεσθαι.", "en": "There he found Lycaon, son of Priam seed of Dardanus, as he was escaping out of the water; he it was whom he had once taken prisoner when he was in his father’s vineyard, having set upon him by night, as he was cutting young shoots from a wild fig-tree to make the wicker sides of a chariot. Achilles then caught him to his sorrow unawares, and sent him by sea to Lemnos, where the son of Jason bought him. But a guest-friend, Eetion of Imbros, freed him with a great sum, and sent him to Arisbe, whence he had escaped and returned to his father’s house. He had spent eleven days happily with his friends after he had come from Lemnos, but on the twelfth heaven again delivered him into the hands of Achilles, who was to send him to the house of Hades sorely against his will." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.49–63", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nγυμνὸν ἄτερ κόρυθός τε καὶ ἀσπίδος, οὐδʼ ἔχεν ἔγχος,\nἀλλὰ τὰ μέν ῥʼ ἀπὸ πάντα χαμαὶ βάλε· τεῖρε γὰρ ἱδρὼς\nφεύγοντʼ ἐκ ποταμοῦ, κάματος δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἐδάμνα·\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μέγα θαῦμα τόδʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι·\nἦ μάλα δὴ Τρῶες μεγαλήτορες οὕς περ ἔπεφνον\nαὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑπὸ ζόφου ἠερόεντος,\nοἷον δὴ καὶ ὅδʼ ἦλθε φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ\nΛῆμνον ἐς ἠγαθέην πεπερημένος· οὐδέ μιν ἔσχε\nπόντος ἁλὸς πολιῆς, ὃ πολέας ἀέκοντας ἐρύκει.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ δουρὸς ἀκωκῆς ἡμετέροιο\nγεύσεται, ὄφρα ἴδωμαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἠδὲ δαείω\nἢ ἄρʼ ὁμῶς καὶ κεῖθεν ἐλεύσεται, ἦ μιν ἐρύξει\nγῆ φυσίζοος, ἥ τε κατὰ κρατερόν περ ἐρύκει.", "en": "He was unarmed when Achilles caught sight of him, and had neither helmet nor shield; nor yet had he any spear, for he had thrown all his armour from him on to the bank, and was sweating with his struggles to get out of the river, so that his strength was now failing him.\nThen Achilles said to himself in his surprise, “What marvel do I see here? If this man can come back alive after having been sold over into Lemnos, I shall have the Trojans also whom I have slain rising from the world below. Could not even the waters of the grey sea imprison him, as they do many another whether he will or no? This time let him taste my spear, that I may know for certain whether mother earth who can keep even a strong man down, will be able to hold him, or whether thence too he will return.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.64–79", "orig": "ὣς ὅρμαινε μένων· ὃ δέ οἱ σχεδὸν ἦλθε τεθηπὼς\nγούνων ἅψασθαι μεμαώς, περὶ δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ\nἐκφυγέειν θάνατόν τε κακὸν καὶ κῆρα μέλαιναν.\nἤτοι ὃ μὲν δόρυ μακρὸν ἀνέσχετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nοὐτάμεναι μεμαώς, ὃ δʼ ὑπέδραμε καὶ λάβε γούνων\nκύψας· ἐγχείη δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ νώτου ἐνὶ γαίῃ\nἔστη ἱεμένη χροὸς ἄμεναι ἀνδρομέοιο.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ τῇ ἑτέρῃ μὲν ἑλὼν ἐλλίσσετο γούνων,\nτῇ δʼ ἑτέρῃ ἔχεν ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον οὐδὲ μεθίει·\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nγουνοῦμαι σʼ Ἀχιλεῦ· σὺ δέ μʼ αἴδεο καί μʼ ἐλέησον·\nἀντί τοί εἰμʼ ἱκέταο διοτρεφὲς αἰδοίοιο·\nπὰρ γὰρ σοὶ πρώτῳ πασάμην Δημήτερος ἀκτὴν\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε μʼ εἷλες ἐϋκτιμένῃ ἐν ἀλωῇ,\nκαί μʼ ἐπέρασσας ἄνευθεν ἄγων πατρός τε φίλων τε\nΛῆμνον ἐς ἠγαθέην, ἑκατόμβοιον δέ τοι ἦλφον.", "en": "Thus did he pause and ponder. But Lycaon came up to him dazed and trying hard to embrace his knees, for he would fain live, not die. Achilles thrust at him with his spear, meaning to kill him, but Lycaon ran crouching up to him and caught his knees, whereby the spear passed over his back, and stuck in the ground, hungering though it was for blood. With one hand he caught Achilles’ knees as he besought him, and with the other he clutched the spear and would not let it go. Then he said, “Achilles, have mercy upon me and spare me, for I am your suppliant. It was in your tents that I first broke bread on the day when you took me prisoner in the vineyard; after which you sold me away to Lemnos far from my father and my friends, and I brought you the price of a hundred oxen." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.80–96", "orig": "νῦν δὲ λύμην τρὶς τόσσα πορών· ἠὼς δέ μοί ἐστιν\nἥδε δυωδεκάτη, ὅτʼ ἐς Ἴλιον εἰλήλουθα\nπολλὰ παθών· νῦν αὖ με τεῇς ἐν χερσὶν ἔθηκε\nμοῖρʼ ὀλοή· μέλλω που ἀπεχθέσθαι Διὶ πατρί,\nὅς με σοὶ αὖτις δῶκε· μινυνθάδιον δέ με μήτηρ\nγείνατο Λαοθόη θυγάτηρ Ἄλταο γέροντος\nἌλτεω, ὃς Λελέγεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισιν ἀνάσσει\nΠήδασον αἰπήεσσαν ἔχων ἐπὶ Σατνιόεντι.\nτοῦ δʼ ἔχε θυγατέρα Πρίαμος, πολλὰς δὲ καὶ ἄλλας·\nτῆς δὲ δύω γενόμεσθα, σὺ δʼ ἄμφω δειροτομήσεις,\nἤτοι τὸν πρώτοισι μετὰ πρυλέεσσι δάμασσας\nἀντίθεον Πολύδωρον, ἐπεὶ βάλες ὀξέϊ δουρί·\nνῦν δὲ δὴ ἐνθάδʼ ἐμοὶ κακὸν ἔσσεται· οὐ γὰρ ὀΐω\nσὰς χεῖρας φεύξεσθαι, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἐπέλασσέ γε δαίμων.\nἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσι·\nμή με κτεῖνʼ, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὁμογάστριος Ἕκτορός εἰμι,\nὅς τοι ἑταῖρον ἔπεφνεν ἐνηέα τε κρατερόν τε.", "en": "I have paid three times as much to gain my freedom; it is but twelve days that I have come to Ilius after much suffering, and now cruel fate has again thrown me into your hands. Surely father Jove must hate me, that he has given me over to you a second time. Short of life indeed did my mother Laothoe bear me, daughter of aged Altes, of Altes who reigns over the warlike Lelegae and holds steep Pedasus on the river Satnioeis. Priam married his daughter along with many other women and two sons were born of her, both of whom you will have slain. Your spear slew noble Polydorus as he was fighting in the front ranks, and now evil will here befall me, for I fear that I shall not escape you since heaven has delivered me over to you. Furthermore I say, and lay my saying to your heart, spare me, for I am not of the same womb as Hector who slew your brave and noble comrade.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.97–113", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα μιν Πριάμοιο προσηύδα φαίδιμος υἱὸς\nλισσόμενος ἐπέεσσιν, ἀμείλικτον δʼ ὄπʼ ἄκουσε·\nνήπιε μή μοι ἄποινα πιφαύσκεο μηδʼ ἀγόρευε·\nπρὶν μὲν γὰρ Πάτροκλον ἐπισπεῖν αἴσιμον ἦμαρ\nτόφρά τί μοι πεφιδέσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φίλτερον ἦεν\nΤρώων, καὶ πολλοὺς ζωοὺς ἕλον ἠδʼ ἐπέρασσα·\nνῦν δʼ οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅς τις θάνατον φύγῃ ὅν κε θεός γε\nἸλίου προπάροιθεν ἐμῇς ἐν χερσὶ βάλῃσι\nκαὶ πάντων Τρώων, περὶ δʼ αὖ Πριάμοιό γε παίδων.\nἀλλὰ φίλος θάνε καὶ σύ· τί ἦ ὀλοφύρεαι οὕτως;\nκάτθανε καὶ Πάτροκλος, ὅ περ σέο πολλὸν ἀμείνων.\nοὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος καὶ ἐγὼ καλός τε μέγας τε;\nπατρὸς δʼ εἴμʼ ἀγαθοῖο, θεὰ δέ με γείνατο μήτηρ·\nἀλλʼ ἔπι τοι καὶ ἐμοὶ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή·\nἔσσεται ἢ ἠὼς ἢ δείλη ἢ μέσον ἦμαρ\nὁππότε τις καὶ ἐμεῖο Ἄρῃ ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται\nἢ ὅ γε δουρὶ βαλὼν ἢ ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ὀϊστῷ.", "en": "With such words did the princely son of Priam beseech Achilles; but Achilles answered him sternly. “Idiot,” said he, “talk not to me of ransom. Until Patroclus fell I preferred to give the Trojans quarter, and sold beyond the sea many of those whom I had taken alive; but now not a man shall live of those whom heaven delivers into my hands before the city of Ilius, and of all Trojans it shall fare hardest with the sons of Priam. Therefore, my friend, you too shall die. Why should you whine in this way? Patroclus fell, and he was a better man than you are. I too, see you not how I am great and goodly? I am son to a noble father, and have a goddess for my mother, but the hands of doom and death overshadow me all as surely. The day will come, either at dawn or dark, or at the noontide, when one shall take my life also in battle, either with his spear, or with an arrow sped from his bow.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.114–129", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τοῦ δʼ αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ·\nἔγχος μέν ῥʼ ἀφέηκεν, ὃ δʼ ἕζετο χεῖρε πετάσσας\nἀμφοτέρας· Ἀχιλεὺς δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ὀξὺ\nτύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρʼ αὐχένα, πᾶν δέ οἱ εἴσω\nδῦ ξίφος ἄμφηκες· ὃ δʼ ἄρα πρηνὴς ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nκεῖτο ταθείς, ἐκ δʼ αἷμα μέλαν ῥέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν.\nτὸν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ποταμὸν δὲ λαβὼν ποδὸς ἧκε φέρεσθαι,\nκαί οἱ ἐπευχόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευεν·\nἐνταυθοῖ νῦν κεῖσο μετʼ ἰχθύσιν, οἵ σʼ ὠτειλὴν\nαἷμʼ ἀπολιχμήσονται ἀκηδέες· οὐδέ σε μήτηρ\nἐνθεμένη λεχέεσσι γοήσεται, ἀλλὰ Σκάμανδρος\nοἴσει δινήεις εἴσω ἁλὸς εὐρέα κόλπον·\nθρῴσκων τις κατὰ κῦμα μέλαιναν φρῖχʼ ὑπαΐξει\nἰχθύς, ὅς κε φάγῃσι Λυκάονος ἀργέτα δημόν.\nφθείρεσθʼ εἰς ὅ κεν ἄστυ κιχείομεν Ἰλίου ἱρῆς\nὑμεῖς μὲν φεύγοντες, ἐγὼ δʼ ὄπιθεν κεραΐζων.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and Lycaon’s heart sank within him. He loosed his hold of the spear, and held out both hands before him; but Achilles drew his keen blade, and struck him by the collar-bone on his neck; he plunged his two-edged sword into him to the very hilt, whereon he lay at full length on the ground, with the dark blood welling from him till the earth was soaked. Then Achilles caught him by the foot and flung him into the river to go down stream, vaunting over him the while, and saying, “Lie there among the fishes, who will lick the blood from your wound and gloat over it; your mother shall not lay you on any bier to mourn you, but the eddies of Scamander shall bear you into the broad bosom of the sea. There shall the fishes feed on the fat of Lycaon as they dart under the dark ripple of the waters, so perish all of you till we reach the citadel of strong Ilius, you in flight, and I following after to destroy you." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.130–147", "orig": "οὐδʼ ὑμῖν ποταμός περ ἐΰρροος ἀργυροδίνης\nἀρκέσει, ᾧ δὴ δηθὰ πολέας ἱερεύετε ταύρους,\nζωοὺς δʼ ἐν δίνῃσι καθίετε μώνυχας ἵππους.\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ὀλέεσθε κακὸν μόρον, εἰς ὅ κε πάντες\nτίσετε Πατρόκλοιο φόνον καὶ λοιγὸν Ἀχαιῶν,\nοὓς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ θοῇσιν ἐπέφνετε νόσφιν ἐμεῖο.\nὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, ποταμὸς δὲ χολώσατο κηρόθι μᾶλλον,\nὅρμηνεν δʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὅπως παύσειε πόνοιο\nδῖον Ἀχιλλῆα, Τρώεσσι δὲ λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι.\nτόφρα δὲ Πηλέος υἱὸς ἔχων δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος\nἈστεροπαίῳ ἐπᾶλτο κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων\nυἱέϊ Πηλεγόνος· τὸν δʼ Ἀξιὸς εὐρυρέεθρος\nγείνατο καὶ Περίβοια Ἀκεσσαμενοῖο θυγατρῶν\nπρεσβυτάτη· τῇ γάρ ῥα μίγη ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης.\nτῷ ῥʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἐπόρουσεν, ὃ δʼ ἀντίος ἐκ ποταμοῖο\nἔστη ἔχων δύο δοῦρε· μένος δέ οἱ ἐν φρεσὶ θῆκε\nΞάνθος, ἐπεὶ κεχόλωτο δαϊκταμένων αἰζηῶν,\nτοὺς Ἀχιλεὺς ἐδάϊζε κατὰ ῥόον οὐδʼ ἐλέαιρεν.", "en": "The river with its broad silver stream shall serve you in no stead, for all the bulls you offered him and all the horses that you flung living into his waters. None the less miserably shall you perish till there is not a man of you but has paid in full for the death of Patroclus and the havoc you wrought among the Achaeans whom you have slain while I held aloof from battle.”\nSo spoke Achilles, but the river grew more and more angry, and pondered within himself how he should stay the hand of Achilles and save the Trojans from disaster. Meanwhile the son of Peleus, spear in hand, sprang upon Asteropaeus son of Pelegon to kill him. He was son to the broad river Axius and Periboea eldest daughter of Acessamenus; for the river had lain with her. Asteropaeus stood up out of the water to face him with a spear in either hand, and Xanthus filled him with courage, being angry for the death of the youths whom Achilles was slaying ruthlessly within his waters." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.148–160", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nτίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν ὅ μευ ἔτλης ἀντίος ἐλθεῖν;\nδυστήνων δέ τε παῖδες ἐμῷ μένει ἀντιόωσι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖ Πηλεγόνος προσεφώνεε φαίδιμος υἱός·\nΠηλεΐδη μεγάθυμε τί ἦ γενεὴν ἐρεείνεις;\nεἴμʼ ἐκ Παιονίης ἐριβώλου τηλόθʼ ἐούσης\nΠαίονας ἄνδρας ἄγων δολιχεγχέας· ἥδε δέ μοι νῦν\nἠὼς ἑνδεκάτη ὅτε Ἴλιον εἰλήλουθα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ γενεὴ ἐξ Ἀξιοῦ εὐρὺ ῥέοντος\nἈξιοῦ, ὃς κάλλιστον ὕδωρ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἵησιν,\nὃς τέκε Πηλεγόνα κλυτὸν ἔγχεϊ· τὸν δʼ ἐμέ φασι\nγείνασθαι· νῦν αὖτε μαχώμεθα φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ.", "en": "When they were close up with one another Achilles was first to speak. “Who and whence are you,” said he, “who dare to face me? Woe to the parents whose son stands up against me.” And the son of Pelegon answered, “Great son of Peleus, why should you ask my lineage. I am from the fertile land of far Paeonia, captain of the Paeonians, and it is now eleven days that I am at Ilius. I am of the blood of the river Axius, of Axius that is the fairest of all rivers that run. He begot the famed warrior Pelegon, whose son men call me. Let us now fight, Achilles.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.161–179", "orig": "ὣς φάτʼ ἀπειλήσας, ὃ δʼ ἀνέσχετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nΠηλιάδα μελίην· ὃ δʼ ἁμαρτῇ δούρασιν ἀμφὶς\nἥρως Ἀστεροπαῖος, ἐπεὶ περιδέξιος ἦεν.\nκαί ῥʼ ἑτέρῳ μὲν δουρὶ σάκος βάλεν, οὐδὲ διὰ πρὸ\nῥῆξε σάκος· χρυσὸς γὰρ ἐρύκακε δῶρα θεοῖο·\nτῷ δʼ ἑτέρῳ μιν πῆχυν ἐπιγράβδην βάλε χειρὸς\nδεξιτερῆς, σύτο δʼ αἷμα κελαινεφές· ἣ δʼ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ\nγαίῃ ἐνεστήρικτο λιλαιομένη χροὸς ἆσαι.\nδεύτερος αὖτʼ Ἀχιλεὺς μελίην ἰθυπτίωνα\nἈστεροπαίῳ ἐφῆκε κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων.\nκαὶ τοῦ μέν ῥʼ ἀφάμαρτεν, ὃ δʼ ὑψηλὴν βάλεν ὄχθην,\nμεσσοπαγὲς δʼ ἄρʼ ἔθηκε κατʼ ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ἄορ ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ\nἆλτʼ ἐπί οἱ μεμαώς· ὃ δʼ ἄρα μελίην Ἀχιλῆος\nοὐ δύνατʼ ἐκ κρημνοῖο ἐρύσσαι χειρὶ παχείῃ.\nτρὶς μέν μιν πελέμιξεν ἐρύσσασθαι μενεαίνων,\nτρὶς δὲ μεθῆκε βίης· τὸ δὲ τέτρατον ἤθελε θυμῷ\nἆξαι ἐπιγνάμψας δόρυ μείλινον Αἰακίδαο,\nἀλλὰ πρὶν Ἀχιλεὺς σχεδὸν ἄορι θυμὸν ἀπηύρα.", "en": "Thus did he defy him, and Achilles raised his spear of Pelian ash. Asteropaeus failed with both his spears, for he could use both hands alike; with the one spear he struck Achilles’ shield, but did not pierce it, for the layer of gold, gift of the god, stayed the point; with the other spear he grazed the elbow of Achilles’ right arm drawing dark blood, but the spear itself went by him and fixed itself in the ground, foiled of its bloody banquet. Then Achilles, fain to kill him, hurled his spear at Asteropaeus, but failed to hit him and struck the steep bank of the river, driving the spear half its length into the earth. The son of Peleus then drew his sword and sprang furiously upon him. Asteropaeus vainly tried to draw Achilles’ spear out of the bank by main force; thrice did he tug at it, trying with all his might to draw it out, and thrice he had to leave off trying; the fourth time he tried to bend and break it, but ere he could do so Achilles smote him with his sword and killed him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.180–199", "orig": "γαστέρα γάρ μιν τύψε παρʼ ὀμφαλόν, ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πᾶσαι\nχύντο χαμαὶ χολάδες· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν\nἀσθμαίνοντʼ· Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὀρούσας\nτεύχεά τʼ ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα·\nκεῖσʼ οὕτως· χαλεπόν τοι ἐρισθενέος Κρονίωνος\nπαισὶν ἐριζέμεναι ποταμοῖό περ ἐκγεγαῶτι.\nφῆσθα σὺ μὲν ποταμοῦ γένος ἔμμεναι εὐρὺ ῥέοντος,\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ γενεὴν μεγάλου Διὸς εὔχομαι εἶναι.\nτίκτέ μʼ ἀνὴρ πολλοῖσιν ἀνάσσων Μυρμιδόνεσσι\nΠηλεὺς Αἰακίδης· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Αἰακὸς ἐκ Διὸς ἦεν.\nτὼ κρείσσων μὲν Ζεὺς ποταμῶν ἁλιμυρηέντων,\nκρείσσων αὖτε Διὸς γενεὴ ποταμοῖο τέτυκται.\nκαὶ γὰρ σοὶ ποταμός γε πάρα μέγας, εἰ δύναταί τι\nχραισμεῖν· ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔστι Διὶ Κρονίωνι μάχεσθαι,\nτῷ οὐδὲ κρείων Ἀχελώϊος ἰσοφαρίζει,\nοὐδὲ βαθυρρείταο μέγα σθένος Ὠκεανοῖο,\nἐξ οὗ περ πάντες ποταμοὶ καὶ πᾶσα θάλασσα\nκαὶ πᾶσαι κρῆναι καὶ φρείατα μακρὰ νάουσιν·\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὃς δείδοικε Διὸς μεγάλοιο κεραυνὸν\nδεινήν τε βροντήν, ὅτʼ ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν σμαραγήσῃ.", "en": "He struck him in the belly near the navel, so that all his bowels came gushing out on to the ground, and the darkness of death came over him as he lay gasping. Then Achilles set his foot on his chest and spoiled him of his armour, vaunting over him and saying, “Lie there, begotten of a river though you be, it is hard for you to strive with the offspring of Saturn’s son. You declare yourself sprung from the blood of a broad river, but I am of the seed of mighty Jove. My father is Peleus, son of Aeacus ruler over the many Myrmidons, and Aeacus was the son of Jove. Therefore as Jove is mightier than any river that flows into the sea, so are his children stronger than those of any river whatsoever. Moreover you have a great river hard by if he can be of any use to you, but there is no fighting against Jove the son of Saturn, with whom not even King Achelous can compare, nor the mighty stream of deep-flowing Oceanus, from whom all rivers and seas with all springs and deep wells proceed; even Oceanus fears the lightnings of great Jove, and his thunder that comes crashing out of heaven.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.200–217", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐκ κρημνοῖο ἐρύσσατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,\nτὸν δὲ κατʼ αὐτόθι λεῖπεν, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἦτορ ἀπηύρα,\nκείμενον ἐν ψαμάθοισι, δίαινε δέ μιν μέλαν ὕδωρ.\nτὸν μὲν ἄρʼ ἐγχέλυές τε καὶ ἰχθύες ἀμφεπένοντο\nδημὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι ἐπινεφρίδιον κείροντες·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ ῥʼ ἰέναι μετὰ Παίονας ἱπποκορυστάς,\nοἵ ῥʼ ἔτι πὰρ ποταμὸν πεφοβήατο δινήεντα,\nὡς εἶδον τὸν ἄριστον ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ\nχέρσʼ ὕπο Πηλεΐδαο καὶ ἄορι ἶφι δαμέντα.\nἔνθʼ ἕλε Θερσίλοχόν τε Μύδωνά τε Ἀστύπυλόν τε\nΜνῆσόν τε Θρασίον τε καὶ Αἴνιον ἠδʼ Ὀφελέστην·\nκαί νύ κʼ ἔτι πλέονας κτάνε Παίονας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς,\nεἰ μὴ χωσάμενος προσέφη ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης\nἀνέρι εἰσάμενος, βαθέης δʼ ἐκ φθέγξατο δίνης·\nὦ Ἀχιλεῦ, περὶ μὲν κρατέεις, περὶ δʼ αἴσυλα ῥέζεις\nἀνδρῶν· αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἀμύνουσιν θεοὶ αὐτοί.\nεἴ τοι Τρῶας ἔδωκε Κρόνου παῖς πάντας ὀλέσσαι,\nἐξ ἐμέθεν γʼ ἐλάσας πεδίον κάτα μέρμερα ῥέζε·", "en": "With this he drew his bronze spear out of the bank, and now that he had killed Asteropaeus, he let him lie where he was on the sand, with the dark water flowing over him and the eels and fishes busy nibbling and gnawing the fat that was about his kidneys. Then he went in chase of the Paeonians, who were flying along the bank of the river in panic when they saw their leader slain by the hands of the son of Peleus. Therein he slew Thersilochus, Mydon, Astypylus, Mnesus, Thrasius, Oeneus, and Ophelestes, and he would have slain yet others, had not the river in anger taken human form, and spoken to him from out the deep waters saying, “Achilles, if you excel all in strength, so do you also in wickedness, for the gods are ever with you to protect you: if, then, the son of Saturn has vouchsafed it to you to destroy all the Trojans, at any rate drive them out of my stream, and do your grim work on land." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.218–232", "orig": "πλήθει γὰρ δή μοι νεκύων ἐρατεινὰ ῥέεθρα,\nοὐδέ τί πῃ δύναμαι προχέειν ῥόον εἰς ἅλα δῖαν\nστεινόμενος νεκύεσσι, σὺ δὲ κτείνεις ἀϊδήλως.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ ἔασον· ἄγη μʼ ἔχει ὄρχαμε λαῶν.\nτὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἔσται ταῦτα Σκάμανδρε διοτρεφές, ὡς σὺ κελεύεις.\nΤρῶας δʼ οὐ πρὶν λήξω ὑπερφιάλους ἐναρίζων,\nπρὶν ἔλσαι κατὰ ἄστυ καὶ Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι\nἀντιβίην, ἤ κέν με δαμάσσεται, ἦ κεν ἐγὼ τόν.\nὣς εἰπὼν Τρώεσσιν ἐπέσσυτο δαίμονι ἶσος·\nκαὶ τότʼ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης·\nὢ πόποι ἀργυρότοξε Διὸς τέκος οὐ σύ γε βουλὰς\nεἰρύσαο Κρονίωνος, ὅ τοι μάλα πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλε\nΤρωσὶ παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν, εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ\nδείελος ὀψὲ δύων, σκιάσῃ δʼ ἐρίβωλον ἄρουραν.", "en": "My fair waters are now filled with corpses, nor can I find any channel by which I may pour myself into the sea for I am choked with dead, and yet you go on mercilessly slaying. I am in despair, therefore, O captain of your host, trouble me no further.”\nAchilles answered, “So be it, Scamander, Jove-descended; but I will never cease dealing out death among the Trojans, till I have pent them up in their city, and made trial of Hector face to face, that I may learn whether he is to vanquish me, or I him.”\nAs he spoke he set upon the Trojans with a fury like that of the gods. But the river said to Apollo, “Surely, son of Jove, lord of the silver bow, you are not obeying the commands of Jove who charged you straitly that you should stand by the Trojans and defend them, till twilight fades, and darkness is over the earth.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.233–248", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ Ἀχιλλεὺς μὲν δουρικλυτὸς ἔνθορε μέσσῳ\nκρημνοῦ ἀπαΐξας· ὃ δʼ ἐπέσσυτο οἴδματι θύων,\nπάντα δʼ ὄρινε ῥέεθρα κυκώμενος, ὦσε δὲ νεκροὺς\nπολλούς, οἵ ῥα κατʼ αὐτὸν ἅλις ἔσαν, οὓς κτάνʼ Ἀχιλλεύς\nτοὺς ἔκβαλλε θύραζε μεμυκὼς ἠΰτε ταῦρος\nχέρσον δέ· ζωοὺς δὲ σάω κατὰ καλὰ ῥέεθρα,\nκρύπτων ἐν δίνῃσι βαθείῃσιν μεγάλῃσι.\nδεινὸν δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀχιλῆα κυκώμενον ἵστατο κῦμα,\nὤθει δʼ ἐν σάκεϊ πίπτων ῥόος· οὐδὲ πόδεσσιν\nεἶχε στηρίξασθαι· ὃ δὲ πτελέην ἕλε χερσὶν\nεὐφυέα μεγάλην· ἣ δʼ ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἐριποῦσα\nκρημνὸν ἅπαντα διῶσεν, ἐπέσχε δὲ καλὰ ῥέεθρα\nὄζοισιν πυκινοῖσι, γεφύρωσεν δέ μιν αὐτὸν\nεἴσω πᾶσʼ ἐριποῦσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐκ δίνης ἀνορούσας\nἤϊξεν πεδίοιο ποσὶ κραιπνοῖσι πέτεσθαι\nδείσας· οὐδέ τʼ ἔληγε θεὸς μέγας, ὦρτο δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ", "en": "Meanwhile Achilles sprang from the bank into mid-stream, whereon the river raised a high wave and attacked him. He swelled his stream into a torrent, and swept away the many dead whom Achilles had slain and left within his waters. These he cast out on to the land, bellowing like a bull the while, but the living he saved alive, hiding them in his mighty eddies. The great and terrible wave gathered about Achilles, falling upon him and beating on his shield, so that he could not keep his feet; he caught hold of a great elm-tree, but it came up by the roots, and tore away the bank, damming the stream with its thick branches and bridging it all across; whereby Achilles struggled out of the stream, and fled full speed over the plain, for he was afraid." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.249–264", "orig": "ἀκροκελαινιόων, ἵνα μιν παύσειε πόνοιο\nδῖον Ἀχιλλῆα, Τρώεσσι δὲ λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ἀπόρουσεν ὅσον τʼ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωή,\nαἰετοῦ οἴματʼ ἔχων μέλανος τοῦ θηρητῆρος,\nὅς θʼ ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν·\nτῷ ἐϊκὼς ἤϊξεν, ἐπὶ στήθεσσι δὲ χαλκὸς\nσμερδαλέον κονάβιζεν· ὕπαιθα δὲ τοῖο λιασθεὶς\nφεῦγʼ, ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε ῥέων ἕπετο μεγάλῳ ὀρυμαγδῷ.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ ὀχετηγὸς ἀπὸ κρήνης μελανύδρου\nἂμ φυτὰ καὶ κήπους ὕδατι ῥόον ἡγεμονεύῃ\nχερσὶ μάκελλαν ἔχων, ἀμάρης ἐξ ἔχματα βάλλων·\nτοῦ μέν τε προρέοντος ὑπὸ ψηφῖδες ἅπασαι\nὀχλεῦνται· τὸ δέ τʼ ὦκα κατειβόμενον κελαρύζει\nχώρῳ ἔνι προαλεῖ, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα·\nὣς αἰεὶ Ἀχιλῆα κιχήσατο κῦμα ῥόοιο\nκαὶ λαιψηρὸν ἐόντα· θεοὶ δέ τε φέρτεροι ἀνδρῶν.", "en": "But the mighty god ceased not in his pursuit, and sprang upon him with a dark-crested wave, to stay his hands and save the Trojans from destruction. The son of Peleus darted away a spear’s throw from him; swift as the swoop of a black hunter-eagle which is the strongest and fleetest of all birds, even so did he spring forward, and the armour rang loudly about his breast. He fled on in front, but the river with a loud roar came tearing after. As one who would water his garden leads a stream from some fountain over his plants, and all his ground, spade in hand he clears away the dams to free the channels, and the little stones run rolling round and round with the water as it goes merrily down the bank faster than the man can follow, even so did the river keep catching up with Achilles albeit he was a fleet runner, for the gods are stronger than men." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.265–283", "orig": "ὁσσάκι δʼ ὁρμήσειε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nστῆναι ἐναντίβιον καὶ γνώμεναι εἴ μιν ἅπαντες\nἀθάνατοι φοβέουσι, τοὶ οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἔχουσι,\nτοσσάκι μιν μέγα κῦμα διιπετέος ποταμοῖο\nπλάζʼ ὤμους καθύπερθεν· ὃ δʼ ὑψόσε ποσσὶν ἐπήδα\nθυμῷ ἀνιάζων· ποταμὸς δʼ ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἐδάμνα\nλάβρος ὕπαιθα ῥέων, κονίην δʼ ὑπέρεπτε ποδοῖιν.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ᾤμωξεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν·\nΖεῦ πάτερ ὡς οὔ τίς με θεῶν ἐλεεινὸν ὑπέστη\nἐκ ποταμοῖο σαῶσαι· ἔπειτα δὲ καί τι πάθοιμι.\nἄλλος δʼ οὔ τις μοι τόσον αἴτιος Οὐρανιώνων,\nἀλλὰ φίλη μήτηρ, ἥ με ψεύδεσσιν ἔθελγεν·\nἥ μʼ ἔφατο Τρώων ὑπὸ τείχεϊ θωρηκτάων\nλαιψηροῖς ὀλέεσθαι Ἀπόλλωνος βελέεσσιν.\nὥς μʼ ὄφελʼ Ἕκτωρ κτεῖναι ὃς ἐνθάδε γʼ ἔτραφʼ ἄριστος·\nτώ κʼ ἀγαθὸς μὲν ἔπεφνʼ, ἀγαθὸν δέ κεν ἐξενάριξε·\nνῦν δέ με λευγαλέῳ θανάτῳ εἵμαρτο ἁλῶναι\nἐρχθέντʼ ἐν μεγάλῳ ποταμῷ ὡς παῖδα συφορβόν,\nὅν ῥά τʼ ἔναυλος ἀποέρσῃ χειμῶνι περῶντα.", "en": "As often as he would strive to stand his ground, and see whether or no all the gods in heaven were in league against him, so often would the mighty wave come beating down upon his shoulders, and he would have to keep flying on and on in great dismay; for the angry flood was tiring him out as it flowed past him and ate the ground from under his feet.\nThen the son of Peleus lifted up his voice to heaven saying, “Father Jove, is there none of the gods who will take pity upon me, and save me from the river? I do not care what may happen to me afterwards. I blame none of the other dwellers on Olympus so severely as I do my dear mother, who has beguiled and tricked me. She told me I was to fall under the walls of Troy by the flying arrows of Apollo; would that Hector, the best man among the Trojans, might there slay me; then should I fall a hero by the hand of a hero; whereas now it seems that I shall come to a most pitiable end, trapped in this river as though I were some swineherd’s boy, who gets carried down a torrent while trying to cross it during a storm.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.284–304", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῷ δὲ μάλʼ ὦκα Ποσειδάων καὶ Ἀθήνη\nστήτην ἐγγὺς ἰόντε, δέμας δʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἐΐκτην,\nχειρὶ δὲ χεῖρα λαβόντες ἐπιστώσαντʼ ἐπέεσσι.\nτοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων·\nΠηλεΐδη μήτʼ ἄρ τι λίην τρέε μήτέ τι τάρβει·\nτοίω γάρ τοι νῶϊ θεῶν ἐπιταρρόθω εἰμὲν\nΖηνὸς ἐπαινήσαντος ἐγὼ καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη·\nὡς οὔ τοι ποταμῷ γε δαμήμεναι αἴσιμόν ἐστιν,\nἀλλʼ ὅδε μὲν τάχα λωφήσει, σὺ δὲ εἴσεαι αὐτός·\nαὐτάρ τοι πυκινῶς ὑποθησόμεθʼ αἴ κε πίθηαι·\nμὴ πρὶν παύειν χεῖρας ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο\nπρὶν κατὰ Ἰλιόφι κλυτὰ τείχεα λαὸν ἐέλσαι\nΤρωϊκόν, ὅς κε φύγῃσι· σὺ δʼ Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἀπούρας\nἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν· δίδομεν δέ τοι εὖχος ἀρέσθαι.\nτὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰπόντε μετʼ ἀθανάτους ἀπεβήτην·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ, μέγα γάρ ῥα θεῶν ὄτρυνεν ἐφετμή,\nἐς πεδίον· τὸ δὲ πᾶν πλῆθʼ ὕδατος ἐκχυμένοιο,\nπολλὰ δὲ τεύχεα καλὰ δαὶ κταμένων αἰζηῶν\nπλῶον καὶ νέκυες· τοῦ δʼ ὑψόσε γούνατʼ ἐπήδα\nπρὸς ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος ἀνʼ ἰθύν, οὐδέ μιν ἴσχεν\nεὐρὺ ῥέων ποταμός· μέγα γὰρ σθένος ἔμβαλʼ Ἀθήνη.", "en": "As soon as he had spoken thus, Neptune and Minerva came up to him in the likeness of two men, and took him by the hand to reassure him. Neptune spoke first. “Son of Peleus,” said he, “be not so exceeding fearful; we are two gods, come with Jove’s sanction to assist you, I, and Pallas Minerva. It is not your fate to perish in this river; he will abate presently as you will see; moreover we strongly advise you, if you will be guided by us, not to stay your hand from fighting till you have pent the Trojan host within the famed walls of Ilius, as many of them as may escape. Then kill Hector and go back to the ships, for we will vouchsafe you a triumph over him.”\nWhen they had so said they went back to the other immortals, but Achilles strove onward over the plain, encouraged by the charge the gods had laid upon him. All was now covered with the flood of waters, and much goodly armour of the youths that had been slain was rifting about, as also many corpses, but he forced his way against the stream, speeding right onwards, nor could the broad waters stay him, for Minerva had endowed him with great strength." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.305–323", "orig": "οὐδὲ Σκάμανδρος ἔληγε τὸ ὃν μένος, ἀλλʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον\nχώετο Πηλεΐωνι, κόρυσσε δὲ κῦμα ῥόοιο\nὑψόσʼ ἀειρόμενος, Σιμόεντι δὲ κέκλετʼ ἀΰσας·\nφίλε κασίγνητε σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί περ\nσχῶμεν, ἐπεὶ τάχα ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος\nἐκπέρσει, Τρῶες δὲ κατὰ μόθον οὐ μενέουσιν.\nἀλλʼ ἐπάμυνε τάχιστα, καὶ ἐμπίπληθι ῥέεθρα\nὕδατος ἐκ πηγέων, πάντας δʼ ὀρόθυνον ἐναύλους,\nἵστη δὲ μέγα κῦμα, πολὺν δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸν ὄρινε\nφιτρῶν καὶ λάων, ἵνα παύσομεν ἄγριον ἄνδρα\nὃς δὴ νῦν κρατέει, μέμονεν δʼ ὅ γε ἶσα θεοῖσι.\nφημὶ γὰρ οὔτε βίην χραισμησέμεν οὔτέ τι εἶδος\nοὔτε τὰ τεύχεα καλά, τά που μάλα νειόθι λίμνης\nκείσεθʼ ὑπʼ ἰλύος κεκαλυμμένα· κὰδ δέ μιν αὐτὸν\nεἰλύσω ψαμάθοισιν ἅλις χέραδος περιχεύας\nμυρίον, οὐδέ οἱ ὀστέʼ ἐπιστήσονται Ἀχαιοὶ\nἀλλέξαι· τόσσην οἱ ἄσιν καθύπερθε καλύψω.\nαὐτοῦ οἱ καὶ σῆμα τετεύξεται, οὐδέ τί μιν χρεὼ\nἔσται τυμβοχόης, ὅτε μιν θάπτωσιν Ἀχαιοί.", "en": "Nevertheless Scamander did not slacken in his pursuit, but was still more furious with the son of Peleus. He lifted his waters into a high crest and cried aloud to Simois saying, “Dear brother, let the two of us unite to save this man, or he will sack the mighty city of King Priam, and the Trojans will not hold out against him. Help me at once; fill your streams with water from their sources, rouse all your torrents to a fury; raise your wave on high, and let snags and stones come thundering down you that we may make an end of this savage creature who is now lording it as though he were a god. Nothing shall serve him longer, not strength nor comeliness, nor his fine armour, which forsooth shall soon be lying low in the deep waters covered over with mud. I will wrap him in sand, and pour tons of shingle round him, so that the Achaeans shall not know how to gather his bones for the silt in which I shall have hidden him, and when they celebrate his funeral they need build no barrow.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.324–341", "orig": "ἦ, καὶ ἐπῶρτʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ κυκώμενος ὑψόσε θύων\nμορμύρων ἀφρῷ τε καὶ αἵματι καὶ νεκύεσσι.\nπορφύρεον δʼ ἄρα κῦμα διιπετέος ποταμοῖο\nἵστατʼ ἀειρόμενον, κατὰ δʼ ᾕρεε Πηλεΐωνα·\nἭρη δὲ μέγʼ ἄϋσε περιδείσασʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ\nμή μιν ἀποέρσειε μέγας ποταμὸς βαθυδίνης,\nαὐτίκα δʼ Ἥφαιστον προσεφώνεεν ὃν φίλον υἱόν·\nὄρσεο κυλλοπόδιον ἐμὸν τέκος· ἄντα σέθεν γὰρ\nΞάνθον δινήεντα μάχῃ ἠΐσκομεν εἶναι·\nἀλλʼ ἐπάμυνε τάχιστα, πιφαύσκεο δὲ φλόγα πολλήν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Ζεφύροιο καὶ ἀργεστᾶο Νότοιο\nεἴσομαι ἐξ ἁλόθεν χαλεπὴν ὄρσουσα θύελλαν,\nἥ κεν ἀπὸ Τρώων κεφαλὰς καὶ τεύχεα κήαι\nφλέγμα κακὸν φορέουσα· σὺ δὲ Ξάνθοιο παρʼ ὄχθας\nδένδρεα καῖʼ, ἐν δʼ αὐτὸν ἵει πυρί· μὴ δέ σε πάμπαν\nμειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρεπέτω καὶ ἀρειῇ·\nμὴ δὲ πρὶν ἀπόπαυε τεὸν μένος, ἀλλʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν δὴ\nφθέγξομʼ ἐγὼν ἰάχουσα, τότε σχεῖν ἀκάματον πῦρ.", "en": "On this he upraised his tumultuous flood high against Achilles, seething as it was with foam and blood and the bodies of the dead. The dark waters of the river stood upright and would have overwhelmed the son of Peleus, but Juno, trembling lest Achilles should be swept away in the mighty torrent, lifted her voice on high and called out to Vulcan her son. “Crook-foot,” she cried, “my child, be up and doing, for I deem it is with you that Xanthus is fain to fight; help us at once, kindle a fierce fire; I will then bring up the west and the white south wind in a mighty hurricane from the sea, that shall bear the flames against the heads and armour of the Trojans and consume them, while you go along the banks of Xanthus burning his trees and wrapping him round with fire. Let him not turn you back neither by fair words nor foul, and slacken not till I shout and tell you. Then you may stay your flames.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.342–360", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἥφαιστος δὲ τιτύσκετο θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.\nπρῶτα μὲν ἐν πεδίῳ πῦρ δαίετο, καῖε δὲ νεκροὺς\nπολλούς, οἵ ῥα κατʼ αὐτὸν ἅλις ἔσαν, οὓς κτάνʼ Ἀχιλλεύς·\nπᾶν δʼ ἐξηράνθη πεδίον, σχέτο δʼ ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ὀπωρινὸς Βορέης νεοαρδέʼ ἀλωὴν\nαἶψʼ ἀγξηράνῃ· χαίρει δέ μιν ὅς τις ἐθείρῃ·\nὣς ἐξηράνθη πεδίον πᾶν, κὰδ δʼ ἄρα νεκροὺς\nκῆεν· ὃ δʼ ἐς ποταμὸν τρέψε φλόγα παμφανόωσαν.\nκαίοντο πτελέαι τε καὶ ἰτέαι ἠδὲ μυρῖκαι,\nκαίετο δὲ λωτός τε ἰδὲ θρύον ἠδὲ κύπειρον,\nτὰ περὶ καλὰ ῥέεθρα ἅλις ποταμοῖο πεφύκει·\nτείροντʼ ἐγχέλυές τε καὶ ἰχθύες οἳ κατὰ δίνας,\nοἳ κατὰ καλὰ ῥέεθρα κυβίστων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα\nπνοιῇ τειρόμενοι πολυμήτιος Ἡφαίστοιο.\nκαίετο δʼ ἲς ποταμοῖο ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·\nἭφαιστʼ, οὔ τις σοί γε θεῶν δύνατʼ ἀντιφερίζειν,\nοὐδʼ ἂν ἐγὼ σοί γʼ ὧδε πυρὶ φλεγέθοντι μαχοίμην.\nλῆγʼ ἔριδος, Τρῶας δὲ καὶ αὐτίκα δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἄστεος ἐξελάσειε· τί μοι ἔριδος καὶ ἀρωγῆς;", "en": "On this Vulcan kindled a fierce fire, which broke out first upon the plain and burned the many dead whom Achilles had killed and whose bodies were lying about in great numbers; by this means the plain was dried and the flood stayed. As the north wind, blowing on an orchard that has been sodden with autumn rain, soon dries it, and the heart of the owner is glad, even so the whole plain was dried and the dead bodies were consumed. Then he turned tongues of fire on to the river. He burned the elms the willows and the tamarisks, the lotus also, with the rushes and marshy herbage that grew abundantly by the banks of the river. The eels and fishes that go darting about everywhere in the water, these, too, were sorely harassed by the flames that cunning Vulcan had kindled, and the river himself was scalded, so that he spoke saying, “Vulcan, there is no god can hold his own against you. I cannot fight you when you flare out your flames in this way; strive with me no longer. Let Achilles drive the Trojans out of their city immediately. What have I to do with quarrelling and helping people?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.361–380", "orig": "φῆ πυρὶ καιόμενος, ἀνὰ δʼ ἔφλυε καλὰ ῥέεθρα.\nὡς δὲ λέβης ζεῖ ἔνδον ἐπειγόμενος πυρὶ πολλῷ\nκνίσην μελδόμενος ἁπαλοτρεφέος σιάλοιο\nπάντοθεν ἀμβολάδην, ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα κεῖται,\nὣς τοῦ καλὰ ῥέεθρα πυρὶ φλέγετο, ζέε δʼ ὕδωρ·\nοὐδʼ ἔθελε προρέειν, ἀλλʼ ἴσχετο· τεῖρε δʼ ἀϋτμὴ\nἩφαίστοιο βίηφι πολύφρονος. αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ Ἥρην\nπολλὰ λισσόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἭρη τίπτε σὸς υἱὸς ἐμὸν ῥόον ἔχραε κήδειν\nἐξ ἄλλων; οὐ μέν τοι ἐγὼ τόσον αἴτιός εἰμι\nὅσσον οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες, ὅσοι Τρώεσσιν ἀρωγοί.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼν ἀποπαύσομαι εἰ σὺ κελεύεις,\nπαυέσθω δὲ καὶ οὗτος· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐπὶ καὶ τόδʼ ὀμοῦμαι,\nμή ποτʼ ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀλεξήσειν κακὸν ἦμαρ,\nμὴ δʼ ὁπότʼ ἂν Τροίη μαλερῷ πυρὶ πᾶσα δάηται\nκαιομένη, καίωσι δʼ ἀρήϊοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,\nαὐτίκʼ ἄρʼ Ἥφαιστον προσεφώνεεν ὃν φίλον υἱόν·\nἭφαιστε σχέο τέκνον ἀγακλεές· οὐ γὰρ ἔοικεν\nἀθάνατον θεὸν ὧδε βροτῶν ἕνεκα στυφελίζειν.", "en": "He was boiling as he spoke, and all his waters were seething. As a cauldron upon a large fire boils when it is melting the lard of some fatted hog, and the lard keeps bubbling up all over when the dry faggots blaze under it, even so were the goodly waters of Xanthus heated with the fire till they were boiling. He could flow no longer but stayed his stream, so afflicted was he by the blasts of fire which cunning Vulcan had raised. Then he prayed to Juno and besought her saying, “Juno, why should your son vex my stream with such especial fury? I am not so much to blame as all the others are who have been helping the Trojans. I will leave off, since you so desire it, and let your son leave off also. Furthermore I swear never again will I do anything to save the Trojans from destruction, not even when all Troy is burning in the flames which the Achaeans will kindle.”\nAs soon as Juno heard this she said to her son Vulcan, “Son Vulcan, hold now your flames; we ought not to use such violence against a god for the sake of mortals.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.381–399", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἥφαιστος δὲ κατέσβεσε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ,\nἄψορρον δʼ ἄρα κῦμα κατέσσυτο καλὰ ῥέεθρα.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ Ξάνθοιο δάμη μένος, οἳ μὲν ἔπειτα\nπαυσάσθην, Ἥρη γὰρ ἐρύκακε χωομένη περ·\nἐν δʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσιν ἔρις πέσε βεβριθυῖα\nἀργαλέη, δίχα δέ σφιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἄητο·\nσὺν δʼ ἔπεσον μεγάλῳ πατάγῳ, βράχε δʼ εὐρεῖα χθών,\nἀμφὶ δὲ σάλπιγξεν μέγας οὐρανός. ἄϊε δὲ Ζεὺς\nἥμενος Οὐλύμπῳ· ἐγέλασσε δέ οἱ φίλον ἦτορ\nγηθοσύνῃ, ὅθʼ ὁρᾶτο θεοὺς ἔριδι ξυνιόντας.\nἔνθʼ οἵ γʼ οὐκέτι δηρὸν ἀφέστασαν· ἦρχε γὰρ Ἄρης\nῥινοτόρος, καὶ πρῶτος Ἀθηναίῃ ἐπόρουσε\nχάλκεον ἔγχος ἔχων, καὶ ὀνείδειον φάτο μῦθον·\nτίπτʼ αὖτʼ ὦ κυνάμυια θεοὺς ἔριδι ξυνελαύνεις\nθάρσος ἄητον ἔχουσα, μέγας δέ σε θυμὸς ἀνῆκεν;\nἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεʼ ἀνῆκας\nοὐτάμεναι, αὐτὴ δὲ πανόψιον ἔγχος ἑλοῦσα\nἰθὺς ἐμεῦ ὦσας, διὰ δὲ χρόα καλὸν ἔδαψας;\nτώ σʼ αὖ νῦν ὀΐω ἀποτισέμεν ὅσσα ἔοργας.", "en": "When she had thus spoken Vulcan quenched his flames, and the river went back once more into his own fair bed.\nXanthus was now beaten, so these two left off fighting, for Juno stayed them though she was still angry; but a furious quarrel broke out among the other gods, for they were of divided counsels. They fell on one another with a mighty uproar, earth groaned, and the spacious firmament rang out as with a blare of trumpets. Jove heard as he was sitting on Olympus, and laughed for joy when he saw the gods coming to blows among themselves. They were not long about beginning, and Mars piercer of shields opened the battle. Sword in hand he sprang at once upon Minerva and reviled her. “Why, vixen,” said he, “have you again set the gods by the ears in the pride and haughtiness of your heart? Have you forgotten how you set Diomed son of Tydeus on to wound me, and yourself took visible spear and drove it into me to the hurt of my fair body? You shall now suffer for what you then did to me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.400–414", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν οὔτησε κατʼ αἰγίδα θυσσανόεσσαν\nσμερδαλέην, ἣν οὐδὲ Διὸς δάμνησι κεραυνός·\nτῇ μιν Ἄρης οὔτησε μιαιφόνος ἔγχεϊ μακρῷ.\nἣ δʼ ἀναχασσαμένη λίθον εἵλετο χειρὶ παχείῃ\nκείμενον ἐν πεδίῳ μέλανα τρηχύν τε μέγαν τε,\nτόν ῥʼ ἄνδρες πρότεροι θέσαν ἔμμεναι οὖρον ἀρούρης·\nτῷ βάλε θοῦρον Ἄρηα κατʼ αὐχένα, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.\nἑπτὰ δʼ ἐπέσχε πέλεθρα πεσών, ἐκόνισε δὲ χαίτας,\nτεύχεά τʼ ἀμφαράβησε· γέλασσε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,\nκαί οἱ ἐπευχομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nνηπύτιʼ οὐδέ νύ πώ περ ἐπεφράσω ὅσσον ἀρείων\nεὔχομʼ ἐγὼν ἔμεναι, ὅτι μοι μένος ἰσοφαρίζεις.\nοὕτω κεν τῆς μητρὸς ἐρινύας ἐξαποτίνοις,\nἥ τοι χωομένη κακὰ μήδεται οὕνεκʼ Ἀχαιοὺς\nκάλλιπες, αὐτὰρ Τρωσὶν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ἀμύνεις.", "en": "As he spoke he struck her on the terrible tasselled aegis, so terrible that not even can Jove’s lightning pierce it. Here did murderous Mars strike her with his great spear. She drew back and with her strong hand seized a stone that was lying on the plain, great and rugged and black, which men of old had set for the boundary of a field. With this she struck Mars on the neck, and brought him down. Nine roods did he cover in his fall, and his hair was all soiled in the dust, while his armour rang rattling round him. But Minerva laughed and vaunted over him saying, “Idiot, have you not learned how far stronger I am than you, but you must still match yourself against me? Thus do your mother’s curses now roost upon you, for she is angry and would do you mischief because you have deserted the Achaeans and are helping the Trojans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.415–433", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινώ·\nτὸν δʼ ἄγε χειρὸς ἑλοῦσα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη\nπυκνὰ μάλα στενάχοντα· μόγις δʼ ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν.\nτὴν δʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,\nαὐτίκʼ Ἀθηναίην ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος Ἀτρυτώνη\nκαὶ δʼ αὖθʼ ἡ κυνάμυια ἄγει βροτολοιγὸν Ἄρηα\nδηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο κατὰ κλόνον· ἀλλὰ μέτελθε.\nὣς φάτʼ, Ἀθηναίη δὲ μετέσσυτο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ,\nκαί ῥʼ ἐπιεισαμένη πρὸς στήθεα χειρὶ παχείῃ\nἤλασε· τῆς δʼ αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ.\nτὼ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄμφω κεῖντο ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ,\nἣ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπευχομένη ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευε·\nτοιοῦτοι νῦν πάντες ὅσοι Τρώεσσιν ἀρωγοὶ\nεἶεν, ὅτʼ Ἀργείοισι μαχοίατο θωρηκτῇσιν,\nὧδέ τε θαρσαλέοι καὶ τλήμονες, ὡς Ἀφροδίτη\nἦλθεν Ἄρῃ ἐπίκουρος ἐμῷ μένει ἀντιόωσα·\nτώ κεν δὴ πάλαι ἄμμες ἐπαυσάμεθα πτολέμοιο\nἸλίου ἐκπέρσαντες ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον.", "en": "She then turned her two piercing eyes elsewhere, whereon Jove’s daughter Venus took Mars by the hand and led him away groaning all the time, for it was only with great difficulty that he had come to himself again. When Queen Juno saw her, she said to Minerva, “Look, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, that vixen Venus is again taking Mars through the crowd out of the battle; go after her at once.”\nThus she spoke. Minerva sped after Venus with a will, and made at her, striking her on the bosom with her strong hand so that she fell fainting to the ground, and there they both lay stretched at full length. Then Minerva vaunted over her saying, “May all who help the Trojans against the Argives prove just as redoubtable and stalwart as Venus did when she came across me while she was helping Mars. Had this been so, we should long since have ended the war by sacking the strong city of Ilius.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.434–448", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη.\nαὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα προσέφη κρείων ἐνοσίχθων·\nΦοῖβε τί ἢ δὴ νῶϊ διέσταμεν; οὐδὲ ἔοικεν\nἀρξάντων ἑτέρων· τὸ μὲν αἴσχιον αἴ κʼ ἀμαχητὶ\nἴομεν Οὔλυμπον δὲ Διὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ.\nἄρχε· σὺ γὰρ γενεῆφι νεώτερος· οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε\nκαλόν, ἐπεὶ πρότερος γενόμην καὶ πλείονα οἶδα.\nνηπύτιʼ ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες· οὐδέ νυ τῶν περ\nμέμνηαι ὅσα δὴ πάθομεν κακὰ Ἴλιον ἀμφὶ\nμοῦνοι νῶϊ θεῶν, ὅτʼ ἀγήνορι Λαομέδοντι\nπὰρ Διὸς ἐλθόντες θητεύσαμεν εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν\nμισθῷ ἔπι ῥητῷ· ὃ δὲ σημαίνων ἐπέτελλεν.\nἤτοι ἐγὼ Τρώεσσι πόλιν πέρι τεῖχος ἔδειμα\nεὐρύ τε καὶ μάλα καλόν, ἵνʼ ἄρρηκτος πόλις εἴη·\nΦοῖβε σὺ δʼ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς βουκολέεσκες", "en": "Juno smiled as she listened. Meanwhile King Neptune turned to Apollo saying, “Phoebus, why should we keep each other at arm’s length? it is not well, now that the others have begun fighting; it will be disgraceful to us if we return to Jove’s bronze-floored mansion on Olympus without having fought each other; therefore come on, you are the younger of the two, and I ought not to attack you, for I am older and have had more experience. Idiot, you have no sense, and forget how we two alone of all the gods fared hardly round about Ilius when we came from Jove’s house and worked for Laomedon a whole year at a stated wage and he gave us his orders. I built the Trojans the wall about their city, so wide and fair that it might be impregnable, while you, Phoebus, herded cattle for him in the dales of many valleyed Ida." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.449–467", "orig": "Ἴδης ἐν κνημοῖσι πολυπτύχου ὑληέσσης.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μισθοῖο τέλος πολυγηθέες ὧραι\nἐξέφερον, τότε νῶϊ βιήσατο μισθὸν ἅπαντα\nΛαομέδων ἔκπαγλος, ἀπειλήσας δʼ ἀπέπεμπε.\nσὺν μὲν ὅ γʼ ἠπείλησε πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθε\nδήσειν, καὶ περάαν νήσων ἔπι τηλεδαπάων·\nστεῦτο δʼ ὅ γʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἀπολεψέμεν οὔατα χαλκῷ.\nνῶϊ δὲ ἄψορροι κίομεν κεκοτηότι θυμῷ\nμισθοῦ χωόμενοι, τὸν ὑποστὰς οὐκ ἐτέλεσσε.\nτοῦ δὴ νῦν λαοῖσι φέρεις χάριν, οὐδὲ μεθʼ ἡμέων\nπειρᾷ ὥς κε Τρῶες ὑπερφίαλοι ἀπόλωνται\nπρόχνυ κακῶς σὺν παισὶ καὶ αἰδοίῃς ἀλόχοισι\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων·\nἐννοσίγαιʼ οὐκ ἄν με σαόφρονα μυθήσαιο\nἔμμεναι, εἰ δὴ σοί γε βροτῶν ἕνεκα πτολεμίξω\nδειλῶν, οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε\nζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν ἀρούρης καρπὸν ἔδοντες,\nἄλλοτε δὲ φθινύθουσιν ἀκήριοι. ἀλλὰ τάχιστα\nπαυώμεσθα μάχης· οἳ δʼ αὐτοὶ δηριαάσθων.", "en": "When, however, the glad hours brought round the time of payment, mighty Laomedon robbed us of all our hire and sent us off with nothing but abuse. He threatened to bind us hand and foot and sell us over into some distant island. He tried, moreover, to cut off the ears of both of us, so we went away in a rage, furious about the payment he had promised us, and yet withheld; in spite of all this, you are now showing favour to his people, and will not join us in compassing the utter ruin of the proud Trojans with their wives and children.”\nAnd King Apollo answered, “Lord of the earthquake, you would have no respect for me if I were to fight you about a pack of miserable mortals, who come out like leaves in summer and eat the fruit of the field, and presently fall lifeless to the ground. Let us stay this fighting at once and let them settle it among themselves.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.468–488", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας πάλιν ἐτράπετʼ· αἴδετο γάρ ῥα\nπατροκασιγνήτοιο μιγήμεναι ἐν παλάμῃσι.\nτὸν δὲ κασιγνήτη μάλα νείκεσε πότνια θηρῶν\nἌρτεμις ἀγροτέρη, καὶ ὀνείδειον φάτο μῦθον·\nφεύγεις δὴ ἑκάεργε, Ποσειδάωνι δὲ νίκην\nπᾶσαν ἐπέτρεψας, μέλεον δέ οἱ εὖχος ἔδωκας·\nνηπύτιε τί νυ τόξον ἔχεις ἀνεμώλιον αὔτως;\nμή σευ νῦν ἔτι πατρὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἀκούσω\nεὐχομένου, ὡς τὸ πρὶν ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν,\nἄντα Ποσειδάωνος ἐναντίβιον πολεμίζειν.\nὣς φάτο, τὴν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων,\nἀλλὰ χολωσαμένη Διὸς αἰδοίη παράκοιτις\nνείκεσεν ἰοχέαιραν ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσι·\nπῶς δὲ σὺ νῦν μέμονας κύον ἀδεὲς ἀντίʼ ἐμεῖο\nστήσεσθαι; χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ μένος ἀντιφέρεσθαι\nτοξοφόρῳ περ ἐούσῃ, ἐπεὶ σὲ λέοντα γυναιξὶ\nΖεὺς θῆκεν, καὶ ἔδωκε κατακτάμεν ἥν κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα.\nἤτοι βέλτερόν ἐστι κατʼ οὔρεα θῆρας ἐναίρειν\nἀγροτέρας τʼ ἐλάφους ἢ κρείσσοσιν ἶφι μάχεσθαι.\nεἰ δʼ ἐθέλεις πολέμοιο δαήμεναι, ὄφρʼ ἐῢ εἰδῇς\nὅσσον φερτέρη εἴμʼ, ὅτι μοι μένος ἀντιφερίζεις.", "en": "He turned away as he spoke, for he would lay no hand on the brother of his own father. But his sister the huntress Diana, patroness of wild beasts, was very angry with him and said, “So you would fly, Far-Darter, and hand victory over to Neptune with a cheap vaunt to boot. Baby, why keep your bow thus idle? Never let me again hear you bragging in my father’s house, as you have often done in the presence of the immortals, that you would stand up and fight with Neptune.”\nApollo made her no answer, but Jove’s august queen was angry and upbraided her bitterly. “Bold vixen,” she cried, “how dare you cross me thus? For all your bow you will find it hard to hold your own against me. Jove made you as a lion among women, and lets you kill them whenever you choose. You will find it better to chase wild beasts and deer upon the mountains than to fight those who are stronger than you are. If you would try war, do so, and find out by pitting yourself against me, how far stronger I am than you are.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.489–501", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμφοτέρας ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρας ἔμαρπτε\nσκαιῇ, δεξιτερῇ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων αἴνυτο τόξα,\nαὐτοῖσιν δʼ ἄρʼ ἔθεινε παρʼ οὔατα μειδιόωσα\nἐντροπαλιζομένην· ταχέες δʼ ἔκπιπτον ὀϊστοί.\nδακρυόεσσα δʼ ὕπαιθα θεὰ φύγεν ὥς τε πέλεια,\nἥ ῥά θʼ ὑπʼ ἴρηκος κοίλην εἰσέπτατο πέτρην\nχηραμόν· οὐδʼ ἄρα τῇ γε ἁλώμεναι αἴσιμον ἦεν·\nὣς ἣ δακρυόεσσα φύγεν, λίπε δʼ αὐτόθι τόξα.\nΛητὼ δὲ προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·\nΛητοῖ ἐγὼ δέ τοι οὔ τι μαχήσομαι· ἀργαλέον δὲ\nπληκτίζεσθʼ ἀλόχοισι Διὸς νεφεληγερέταο·\nἀλλὰ μάλα πρόφρασσα μετʼ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν\nεὔχεσθαι ἐμὲ νικῆσαι κρατερῆφι βίηφιν.", "en": "She caught both Diana’s wrists with her left hand as she spoke, and with her right she took the bow from her shoulders, and laughed as she beat her with it about the ears while Diana wriggled and writhed under her blows. Her swift arrows were shed upon the ground, and she fled weeping from under Juno’s hand as a dove that flies before a falcon to the cleft of some hollow rock, when it is her good fortune to escape. Even so did she fly weeping away, leaving her bow and arrows behind her.\nThen the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, said to Leto, “Leto, I shall not fight you; it is ill to come to blows with any of Jove’s wives. Therefore boast as you will among the immortals that you worsted me in fair fight.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.502–513", "orig": "ὣς ἄρʼ ἔφη, Λητὼ δὲ συναίνυτο καμπύλα τόξα\nπεπτεῶτʼ ἄλλυδις ἄλλα μετὰ στροφάλιγγι κονίης.\nἣ μὲν τόξα λαβοῦσα πάλιν κίε θυγατέρος ἧς·\nἣ δʼ ἄρʼ Ὄλυμπον ἵκανε Διὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ,\nδακρυόεσσα δὲ πατρὸς ἐφέζετο γούνασι κούρη,\nἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἀμβρόσιος ἑανὸς τρέμε· τὴν δὲ προτὶ οἷ\nεἷλε πατὴρ Κρονίδης, καὶ ἀνείρετο ἡδὺ γελάσσας·\nτίς νύ σε τοιάδʼ ἔρεξε φίλον τέκος Οὐρανιώνων\nμαψιδίως, ὡς εἴ τι κακὸν ῥέζουσαν ἐνωπῇ;\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπεν ἐϋστέφανος κελαδεινή·\nσή μʼ ἄλοχος στυφέλιξε πάτερ λευκώλενος Ἥρη,\nἐξ ἧς ἀθανάτοισιν ἔρις καὶ νεῖκος ἐφῆπται.", "en": "Leto then gathered up Diana’s bow and arrows that had fallen about amid the whirling dust, and when she had got them she made all haste after her daughter. Diana had now reached Jove’s bronze-floored mansion on Olympus, and sat herself down with many tears on the knees of her father, while her ambrosial raiment was quivering all about her. The son of Saturn drew her towards him, and laughing pleasantly the while began to question her saying, “Which of the heavenly beings, my dear child, has been treating you in this cruel manner, as though you had been misconducting yourself in the face of everybody?” and the fair-crowned goddess of the chase answered, “It was your wife Juno, father, who has been beating me; it is always her doing when there is any quarrelling among the immortals.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.514–525", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον·\nαὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος ἐδύσετο Ἴλιον ἱρήν·\nμέμβλετο γάρ οἱ τεῖχος ἐϋδμήτοιο πόληος\nμὴ Δαναοὶ πέρσειαν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἤματι κείνῳ.\nοἳ δʼ ἄλλοι πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἴσαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες,\nοἳ μὲν χωόμενοι, οἳ δὲ μέγα κυδιόωντες·\nκὰδ δʼ ἷζον παρὰ πατρὶ κελαινεφεῖ· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nΤρῶας ὁμῶς αὐτούς τʼ ὄλεκεν καὶ μώνυχας ἵππους.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε καπνὸς ἰὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρὺν ἵκηται\nἄστεος αἰθομένοιο, θεῶν δέ ἑ μῆνις ἀνῆκε,\nπᾶσι δʼ ἔθηκε πόνον, πολλοῖσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆκεν,\nὣς Ἀχιλεὺς Τρώεσσι πόνον καὶ κήδεʼ ἔθηκεν.", "en": "Thus did they converse, and meanwhile Phoebus Apollo entered the strong city of Ilius, for he was uneasy lest the wall should not hold out and the Danaans should take the city then and there, before its hour had come; but the rest of the ever-living gods went back, some angry and some triumphant to Olympus, where they took their seats beside Jove lord of the storm-cloud, while Achilles still kept on dealing out death alike on the Trojans and on their horses. As when the smoke from some burning city ascends to heaven when the anger of the gods has kindled it, there is then toil for all, and sorrow for not a few, even so did Achilles bring toil and sorrow on the Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.526–536", "orig": "ἑστήκει δʼ ὃ γέρων Πρίαμος θείου ἐπὶ πύργου,\nἐς δʼ ἐνόησʼ Ἀχιλῆα πελώριον· αὐτὰρ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ\nΤρῶες ἄφαρ κλονέοντο πεφυζότες, οὐδέ τις ἀλκὴ\nγίγνεθʼ· ὃ δʼ οἰμώξας ἀπὸ πύργου βαῖνε χαμᾶζε\nὀτρύνων παρὰ τεῖχος ἀγακλειτοὺς πυλαωρούς·\nπεπταμένας ἐν χερσὶ πύλας ἔχετʼ εἰς ὅ κε λαοὶ\nἔλθωσι προτὶ ἄστυ πεφυζότες· ἦ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐγγὺς ὅδε κλονέων· νῦν οἴω λοίγιʼ ἔσεσθαι.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ἐς τεῖχος ἀναπνεύσωσιν ἀλέντες,\nαὖτις ἐπανθέμεναι σανίδας πυκινῶς ἀραρυίας·\nδείδια γὰρ μὴ οὖλος ἀνὴρ ἐς τεῖχος ἅληται.", "en": "Old King Priam stood on a high tower of the wall looking down on huge Achilles as the Trojans fled panic-stricken before him, and there was none to help them. Presently he came down from off the tower and with many a groan went along the wall to give orders to the brave warders of the gate. “Keep the gates,” said he, “wide open till the people come flying into the city, for Achilles is hard by and is driving them in rout before him. I see we are in great peril. As soon as our people are inside and in safety, close the strong gates for I fear lest that terrible man should come bounding inside along with the others.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.537–552", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄνεσάν τε πύλας καὶ ἀπῶσαν ὀχῆας·\nαἳ δὲ πετασθεῖσαι τεῦξαν φάος· αὐτὰρ Ἀπόλλων\nἀντίος ἐξέθορε Τρώων ἵνα λοιγὸν ἀλάλκοι.\nοἳ δʼ ἰθὺς πόλιος καὶ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο\nδίψῃ καρχαλέοι κεκονιμένοι ἐκ πεδίοιο\nφεῦγον· ὃ δὲ σφεδανὸν ἔφεπʼ ἔγχεϊ, λύσσα δέ οἱ κῆρ\nαἰὲν ἔχε κρατερή, μενέαινε δὲ κῦδος ἀρέσθαι.\nἔνθά κεν ὑψίπυλον Τροίην ἕλον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,\nεἰ μὴ Ἀπόλλων Φοῖβος Ἀγήνορα δῖον ἀνῆκε\nφῶτʼ Ἀντήνορος υἱὸν ἀμύμονά τε κρατερόν τε.\nἐν μέν οἱ κραδίῃ θάρσος βάλε, πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς\nἔστη, ὅπως θανάτοιο βαρείας χεῖρας ἀλάλκοι\nφηγῷ κεκλιμένος· κεκάλυπτο δʼ ἄρʼ ἠέρι πολλῇ.\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ὡς ἐνόησεν Ἀχιλλῆα πτολίπορθον\nἔστη, πολλὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη πόρφυρε μένοντι·\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·", "en": "As he spoke they drew back the bolts and opened the gates, and when these were opened there was a haven of refuge for the Trojans. Apollo then came full speed out of the city to meet them and protect them. Right for the city and the high wall, parched with thirst and grimy with dust, still they fled on, with Achilles wielding his spear furiously behind them. For he was as one possessed, and was thirsting after glory.\nThen had the sons of the Achaeans taken the lofty gates of Troy if Apollo had not spurred on Agenor, valiant and noble son to Antenor. He put courage into his heart, and stood by his side to guard him, leaning against a beech tree and shrouded in thick darkness. When Agenor saw Achilles he stood still and his heart was clouded with care." }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.553–570", "orig": "ὤ μοι ἐγών· εἰ μέν κεν ὑπὸ κρατεροῦ Ἀχιλῆος\nφεύγω, τῇ περ οἱ ἄλλοι ἀτυζόμενοι κλονέονται,\nαἱρήσει με καὶ ὧς, καὶ ἀνάλκιδα δειροτομήσει.\nεἰ δʼ ἂν ἐγὼ τούτους μὲν ὑποκλονέεσθαι ἐάσω\nΠηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ, ποσὶν δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεος ἄλλῃ\nφεύγω πρὸς πεδίον Ἰλήϊον, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἵκωμαι\nἼδης τε κνημοὺς κατά τε ῥωπήϊα δύω·\nἑσπέριος δʼ ἂν ἔπειτα λοεσσάμενος ποταμοῖο\nἱδρῶ ἀποψυχθεὶς προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονεοίμην·\nἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;\nμή μʼ ἀπαειρόμενον πόλιος πεδίον δὲ νοήσῃ\nκαί με μεταΐξας μάρψῃ ταχέεσσι πόδεσσιν.\nοὐκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ ἔσται θάνατον καὶ κῆρας ἀλύξαι·\nλίην γὰρ κρατερὸς περὶ πάντων ἔστʼ ἀνθρώπων.\nεἰ δέ κέ οἱ προπάροιθε πόλεος κατεναντίον ἔλθω·\nκαὶ γάρ θην τούτῳ τρωτὸς χρὼς ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nἐν δὲ ἴα ψυχή, θνητὸν δέ ἕ φασʼ ἄνθρωποι\nἔμμεναι· αὐτάρ οἱ Κρονίδης Ζεὺς κῦδος ὀπάζει.", "en": "“Alas,” said he to himself in his dismay, “if I fly before mighty Achilles, and go where all the others are being driven in rout, he will none the less catch me and kill me for a coward. How would it be were I to let Achilles drive the others before him, and then fly from the wall to the plain that is behind Ilius till I reach the spurs of Ida and can hide in the underwood that is thereon? I could then wash the sweat from off me in the river and in the evening return to Ilius. But why commune with myself in this way? Like enough he would see me as I am hurrying from the city over the plain, and would speed after me till he had caught me, I should stand no chance against him, for he is mightiest of all mankind. What, then, if I go out and meet him in front of the city? His flesh too, I take it, can be pierced by pointed bronze. Life is the same in one and all, and men say that he is but mortal despite the triumph that Jove son of Saturn vouchsafes him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.571–589", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν Ἀχιλῆα ἀλεὶς μένεν, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ\nἄλκιμον ὁρμᾶτο πτολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.\nἠΰτε πάρδαλις εἶσι βαθείης ἐκ ξυλόχοιο\nἀνδρὸς θηρητῆρος ἐναντίον, οὐδέ τι θυμῷ\nταρβεῖ οὐδὲ φοβεῖται, ἐπεί κεν ὑλαγμὸν ἀκούσῃ·\nεἴ περ γὰρ φθάμενός μιν ἢ οὐτάσῃ ἠὲ βάλῃσιν,\nἀλλά τε καὶ περὶ δουρὶ πεπαρμένη οὐκ ἀπολήγει\nἀλκῆς, πρίν γʼ ἠὲ ξυμβλήμεναι ἠὲ δαμῆναι·\nὣς Ἀντήνορος υἱὸς ἀγαυοῦ δῖος Ἀγήνωρ\nοὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν, πρὶν πειρήσαιτʼ Ἀχιλῆος.\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἀσπίδα μὲν πρόσθʼ ἔσχετο πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην,\nἐγχείῃ δʼ αὐτοῖο τιτύσκετο, καὶ μέγʼ ἀΰτει·\nἦ δή που μάλʼ ἔολπας ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nἤματι τῷδε πόλιν πέρσειν Τρώων ἀγερώχων\nνηπύτιʼ· ἦ τʼ ἔτι πολλὰ τετεύξεται ἄλγεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ.\nἐν γάρ οἱ πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι ἀνέρες εἰμέν,\nοἳ καὶ πρόσθε φίλων τοκέων ἀλόχων τε καὶ υἱῶν\nἼλιον εἰρυόμεσθα· σὺ δʼ ἐνθάδε πότμον ἐφέψεις\nὧδʼ ἔκπαγλος ἐὼν καὶ θαρσαλέος πολεμιστής.", "en": "So saying he stood on his guard and awaited Achilles, for he was now fain to fight him. As a leopardess that bounds from out a thick covert to attack a hunter, she knows no fear and is not dismayed by the baying of the hounds; even though the man be too quick for her and wound her either with thrust or spear, still, though the spear has pierced her she will not give in till she has either caught him in her grip or been killed outright, even so did noble Agenor son of Antenor refuse to fly till he had made trial of Achilles, and took aim at him with his spear, holding his round shield before him and crying with a loud voice. “Of a truth,” said he, “noble Achilles, you deem that you shall this day sack the city of the proud Trojans. Fool, there will be trouble enough yet before it, for there is many a brave man of us still inside who will stand in front of our dear parents with our wives and children, to defend Ilius. Here therefore, huge and mighty warrior though you be, here shall you die.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 21.590–611", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ὀξὺν ἄκοντα βαρείης χειρὸς ἀφῆκε,\nκαί ῥʼ ἔβαλε κνήμην ὑπὸ γούνατος οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτεν.\nἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κνημὶς νεοτεύκτου κασσιτέροιο\nσμερδαλέον κονάβησε· πάλιν δʼ ἀπὸ χαλκὸς ὄρουσε\nβλημένου, οὐδʼ ἐπέρησε, θεοῦ δʼ ἠρύκακε δῶρα.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ὁρμήσατʼ Ἀγήνορος ἀντιθέοιο\nδεύτερος· οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἔασεν Ἀπόλλων κῦδος ἀρέσθαι,\nἀλλά μιν ἐξήρπαξε, κάλυψε δʼ ἄρʼ ἠέρι πολλῇ,\nἡσύχιον δʼ ἄρα μιν πολέμου ἔκπεμπε νέεσθαι.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Πηλεΐωνα δόλῳ ἀποέργαθε λαοῦ·\nαὐτῷ γὰρ ἑκάεργος Ἀγήνορι πάντα ἐοικὼς\nἔστη πρόσθε ποδῶν, ὃ δʼ ἐπέσσυτο ποσσὶ διώκειν·\nεἷος ὃ τὸν πεδίοιο διώκετο πυροφόροιο\nτρέψας πὰρ ποταμὸν βαθυδινήεντα Σκάμανδρον\nτυτθὸν ὑπεκπροθέοντα· δόλῳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔθελγεν Ἀπόλλων\nὡς αἰεὶ ἔλποιτο κιχήσεσθαι ποσὶν οἷσι·\nτόφρʼ ἄλλοι Τρῶες πεφοβημένοι ἦλθον ὁμίλῳ\nἀσπάσιοι προτὶ ἄστυ, πόλις δʼ ἔμπλητο ἀλέντων.\nοὐδʼ ἄρα τοί γʼ ἔτλαν πόλιος καὶ τείχεος ἐκτὸς\nμεῖναι ἔτʼ ἀλλήλους, καὶ γνώμεναι ὅς τε πεφεύγοι\nὅς τʼ ἔθανʼ ἐν πολέμῳ· ἀλλʼ ἐσσυμένως ἐσέχυντο\nἐς πόλιν, ὅν τινα τῶν γε πόδες καὶ γοῦνα σαώσαι.", "en": "As he spoke his strong hand hurled his javelin from him, and the spear struck Achilles on the leg beneath the knee; the greave of newly wrought tin rang loudly, but the spear recoiled from the body of him whom it had struck, and did not pierce it, for the god’s gift stayed it. Achilles in his turn attacked noble Agenor, but Apollo would not vouchsafe him glory, for he snatched Agenor away and hid him in a thick mist, sending him out of the battle unmolested. Then he craftily drew the son of Peleus away from going after the host, for he put on the semblance of Agenor and stood in front of Achilles, who ran towards him to give him chase and pursued him over the corn lands of the plain, turning him towards the deep waters of the river Scamander. Apollo ran but a little way before him and beguiled Achilles by making him think all the time that he was on the point of overtaking him. Meanwhile the rabble of routed Trojans was thankful to crowd within the city till their numbers thronged it; no longer did they dare wait for one another outside the city walls, to learn who had escaped and who were fallen in fight, but all whose feet and knees could still carry them poured pell-mell into the town." } ], "22": [ { "ref": "Iliad 22.1–20", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν κατὰ ἄστυ πεφυζότες ἠΰτε νεβροὶ\nἱδρῶ ἀπεψύχοντο πίον τʼ ἀκέοντό τε δίψαν\nκεκλιμένοι καλῇσιν ἐπάλξεσιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nτείχεος ἆσσον ἴσαν σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες.\nἝκτορα δʼ αὐτοῦ μεῖναι ὀλοιὴ μοῖρα πέδησεν\nἸλίου προπάροιθε πυλάων τε Σκαιάων.\nαὐτὰρ Πηλείωνα προσηύδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nτίπτέ με Πηλέος υἱὲ ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκεις\nαὐτὸς θνητὸς ἐὼν θεὸν ἄμβροτον; οὐδέ νύ πώ με\nἔγνως ὡς θεός εἰμι, σὺ δʼ ἀσπερχὲς μενεαίνεις.\nἦ νύ τοι οὔ τι μέλει Τρώων πόνος, οὓς ἐφόβησας,\nοἳ δή τοι εἰς ἄστυ ἄλεν, σὺ δὲ δεῦρο λιάσθης.\nοὐ μέν με κτενέεις, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι μόρσιμός εἰμι.\nτὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἔβλαψάς μʼ ἑκάεργε θεῶν ὀλοώτατε πάντων\nἐνθάδε νῦν τρέψας ἀπὸ τείχεος· ἦ κʼ ἔτι πολλοὶ\nγαῖαν ὀδὰξ εἷλον πρὶν Ἴλιον εἰσαφικέσθαι.\nνῦν δʼ ἐμὲ μὲν μέγα κῦδος ἀφείλεο, τοὺς δὲ σάωσας\nῥηϊδίως, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι τίσιν γʼ ἔδεισας ὀπίσσω.\nἦ σʼ ἂν τισαίμην, εἴ μοι δύναμίς γε παρείη.", "en": "Thus the Trojans in the city, scared like fawns, wiped the sweat from off them and drank to quench their thirst, leaning against the goodly battlements, while the Achaeans with their shields laid upon their shoulders drew close up to the walls. But stern fate bade Hector stay where he was before Ilius and the Scaean gates. Then Phoebus Apollo spoke to the son of Peleus saying, “Why, son of Peleus, do you, who are but man, give chase to me who am immortal? Have you not yet found out that it is a god whom you pursue so furiously? You did not harass the Trojans whom you had routed, and now they are within their walls, while you have been decoyed hither away from them. Me you cannot kill, for death can take no hold upon me.”\nAchilles was greatly angered and said, “You have baulked me, Far-Darter, most malicious of all gods, and have drawn me away from the wall, where many another man would have bitten the dust ere he got within Ilius; you have robbed me of great glory and have saved the Trojans at no risk to yourself, for you have nothing to fear, but I would indeed have my revenge if it were in my power to do so.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.21–36", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν προτὶ ἄστυ μέγα φρονέων ἐβεβήκει,\nσευάμενος ὥς θʼ ἵππος ἀεθλοφόρος σὺν ὄχεσφιν,\nὅς ῥά τε ῥεῖα θέῃσι τιταινόμενος πεδίοιο·\nὣς Ἀχιλεὺς λαιψηρὰ πόδας καὶ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα.\nτὸν δʼ ὃ γέρων Πρίαμος πρῶτος ἴδεν ὀφθαλμοῖσι\nπαμφαίνονθʼ ὥς τʼ ἀστέρʼ ἐπεσσύμενον πεδίοιο,\nὅς ῥά τʼ ὀπώρης εἶσιν, ἀρίζηλοι δέ οἱ αὐγαὶ\nφαίνονται πολλοῖσι μετʼ ἀστράσι νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ,\nὅν τε κύνʼ Ὠρίωνος ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσι.\nλαμπρότατος μὲν ὅ γʼ ἐστί, κακὸν δέ τε σῆμα τέτυκται,\nκαί τε φέρει πολλὸν πυρετὸν δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσιν·\nὣς τοῦ χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε περὶ στήθεσσι θέοντος.\nᾤμωξεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, κεφαλὴν δʼ ὅ γε κόψατο χερσὶν\nὑψόσʼ ἀνασχόμενος, μέγα δʼ οἰμώξας ἐγεγώνει\nλισσόμενος φίλον υἱόν· ὃ δὲ προπάροιθε πυλάων\nἑστήκει ἄμοτον μεμαὼς Ἀχιλῆϊ μάχεσθαι·", "en": "On this, with fell intent he made towards the city, and as the winning horse in a chariot race strains every nerve when he is flying over the plain, even so fast and furiously did the limbs of Achilles bear him onwards. King Priam was first to note him as he scoured the plain, all radiant as the star which men call Orion’s Hound, and whose beams blaze forth in time of harvest more brilliantly than those of any other that shines by night; brightest of them all though he be, he yet bodes ill for mortals, for he brings fire and fever in his train, even so did Achilles’ armour gleam on his breast as he sped onwards. Priam raised a cry and beat his head with his hands as he lifted them up and shouted out to his dear son, imploring him to return; but Hector still stayed before the gates, for his heart was set upon doing battle with Achilles." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.37–55", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ὃ γέρων ἐλεεινὰ προσηύδα χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς·\nἝκτορ μή μοι μίμνε φίλον τέκος ἀνέρα τοῦτον\nοἶος ἄνευθʼ ἄλλων, ἵνα μὴ τάχα πότμον ἐπίσπῃς\nΠηλεΐωνι δαμείς, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐστι\nσχέτλιος· αἴθε θεοῖσι φίλος τοσσόνδε γένοιτο\nὅσσον ἐμοί· τάχα κέν ἑ κύνες καὶ γῦπες ἔδοιεν\nκείμενον· ἦ κέ μοι αἰνὸν ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἄχος ἔλθοι·\nὅς μʼ υἱῶν πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν εὖνιν ἔθηκε\nκτείνων καὶ περνὰς νήσων ἔπι τηλεδαπάων.\nκαὶ γὰρ νῦν δύο παῖδε Λυκάονα καὶ Πολύδωρον\nοὐ δύναμαι ἰδέειν Τρώων εἰς ἄστυ ἀλέντων,\nτούς μοι Λαοθόη τέκετο κρείουσα γυναικῶν.\nἀλλʼ εἰ μὲν ζώουσι μετὰ στρατῷ, ἦ τʼ ἂν ἔπειτα\nχαλκοῦ τε χρυσοῦ τʼ ἀπολυσόμεθʼ, ἔστι γὰρ ἔνδον·\nπολλὰ γὰρ ὤπασε παιδὶ γέρων ὀνομάκλυτος Ἄλτης.\nεἰ δʼ ἤδη τεθνᾶσι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισιν,\nἄλγος ἐμῷ θυμῷ καὶ μητέρι τοὶ τεκόμεσθα·\nλαοῖσιν δʼ ἄλλοισι μινυνθαδιώτερον ἄλγος\nἔσσεται, ἢν μὴ καὶ σὺ θάνῃς Ἀχιλῆϊ δαμασθείς.", "en": "The old man reached out his arms towards him and bade him for pity’s sake come within the walls. “Hector,” he cried, “my son, stay not to face this man alone and unsupported, or you will meet death at the hands of the son of Peleus, for he is mightier than you. Monster that he is; would indeed that the gods loved him no better than I do, for so, dogs and vultures would soon devour him as he lay stretched on earth, and a load of grief would be lifted from my heart, for many a brave son has he reft from me, either by killing them or selling them away in the islands that are beyond the sea: even now I miss two sons from among the Trojans who have thronged within the city, Lycaon and Polydorus, whom Laothoe peeress among women bore me. Should they be still alive and in the hands of the Achaeans, we will ransom them with gold and bronze, of which we have store, for the old man Altes endowed his daughter richly; but if they are already dead and in the house of Hades, sorrow will it be to us two who were their parents; albeit the grief of others will be more short-lived unless you too perish at the hands of Achilles." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.56–76", "orig": "ἀλλʼ εἰσέρχεο τεῖχος ἐμὸν τέκος, ὄφρα σαώσῃς\nΤρῶας καὶ Τρῳάς, μὴ δὲ μέγα κῦδος ὀρέξῃς\nΠηλεΐδῃ, αὐτὸς δὲ φίλης αἰῶνος ἀμερθῇς.\nπρὸς δʼ ἐμὲ τὸν δύστηνον ἔτι φρονέοντʼ ἐλέησον\nδύσμορον, ὅν ῥα πατὴρ Κρονίδης ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ\nαἴσῃ ἐν ἀργαλέῃ φθίσει κακὰ πόλλʼ ἐπιδόντα\nυἷάς τʼ ὀλλυμένους ἑλκηθείσας τε θύγατρας,\nκαὶ θαλάμους κεραϊζομένους, καὶ νήπια τέκνα\nβαλλόμενα προτὶ γαίῃ ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι,\nἑλκομένας τε νυοὺς ὀλοῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶν Ἀχαιῶν.\nαὐτὸν δʼ ἂν πύματόν με κύνες πρώτῃσι θύρῃσιν\nὠμησταὶ ἐρύουσιν, ἐπεί κέ τις ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ\nτύψας ἠὲ βαλὼν ῥεθέων ἐκ θυμὸν ἕληται,\nοὓς τρέφον ἐν μεγάροισι τραπεζῆας θυραωρούς,\nοἵ κʼ ἐμὸν αἷμα πιόντες ἀλύσσοντες περὶ θυμῷ\nκείσοντʼ ἐν προθύροισι. νέῳ δέ τε πάντʼ ἐπέοικεν\nἄρηϊ κταμένῳ δεδαϊγμένῳ ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ\nκεῖσθαι· πάντα δὲ καλὰ θανόντι περ ὅττι φανήῃ·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πολιόν τε κάρη πολιόν τε γένειον\nαἰδῶ τʼ αἰσχύνωσι κύνες κταμένοιο γέροντος,\nτοῦτο δὴ οἴκτιστον πέλεται δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσιν.", "en": "Come, then, my son, within the city, to be the guardian of Trojan men and Trojan women, or you will both lose your own life and afford a mighty triumph to the son of Peleus. Have pity also on your unhappy father while life yet remains to him, on me, whom the son of Saturn will destroy by a terrible doom on the threshold of old age, after I have seen my sons slain and my daughters haled away as captives, my bridal chambers pillaged, little children dashed to earth amid the rage of battle, and my sons’ wives dragged away by the cruel hands of the Achaeans; in the end fierce hounds will tear me in pieces at my own gates after some one has beaten the life out of my body with sword or spear-hounds that I myself reared and fed at my own table to guard my gates, but who will yet lap my blood and then lie all distraught at my doors. When a young man falls by the sword in battle, he may lie where he is and there is nothing unseemly; let what will be seen, all is honourable in death, but when an old man is slain there is nothing in this world more pitiable than that dogs should defile his grey hair and beard and all that men hide for shame.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.77–98", "orig": "ἦ ῥʼ ὃ γέρων, πολιὰς δʼ ἄρʼ ἀνὰ τρίχας ἕλκετο χερσὶ\nτίλλων ἐκ κεφαλῆς· οὐδʼ Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἔπειθε.\nμήτηρ δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ὀδύρετο δάκρυ χέουσα\nκόλπον ἀνιεμένη, ἑτέρηφι δὲ μαζὸν ἀνέσχε·\nκαί μιν δάκρυ χέουσʼ ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἝκτορ τέκνον ἐμὸν τάδε τʼ αἴδεο καί μʼ ἐλέησον\nαὐτήν, εἴ ποτέ τοι λαθικηδέα μαζὸν ἐπέσχον·\nτῶν μνῆσαι φίλε τέκνον ἄμυνε δὲ δήϊον ἄνδρα\nτείχεος ἐντὸς ἐών, μὴ δὲ πρόμος ἵστασο τούτῳ\nσχέτλιος· εἴ περ γάρ σε κατακτάνῃ, οὔ σʼ ἔτʼ ἔγωγε\nκλαύσομαι ἐν λεχέεσσι φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή,\nοὐδʼ ἄλοχος πολύδωρος· ἄνευθε δέ σε μέγα νῶϊν\nἈργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ κύνες ταχέες κατέδονται.\nὣς τώ γε κλαίοντε προσαυδήτην φίλον υἱὸν\nπολλὰ λισσομένω· οὐδʼ Ἕκτορι θυμὸν ἔπειθον,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε μίμνʼ Ἀχιλῆα πελώριον ἆσσον ἰόντα.\nὡς δὲ δράκων ἐπὶ χειῇ ὀρέστερος ἄνδρα μένῃσι\nβεβρωκὼς κακὰ φάρμακʼ, ἔδυ δέ τέ μιν χόλος αἰνός,\nσμερδαλέον δὲ δέδορκεν ἑλισσόμενος περὶ χειῇ·\nὣς Ἕκτωρ ἄσβεστον ἔχων μένος οὐχ ὑπεχώρει\nπύργῳ ἔπι προὔχοντι φαεινὴν ἀσπίδʼ ἐρείσας·\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν·", "en": "The old man tore his grey hair as he spoke, but he moved not the heart of Hector. His mother hard by wept and moaned aloud as she bared her bosom and pointed to the breast which had suckled him. “Hector,” she cried, weeping bitterly the while, “Hector, my son, spurn not this breast, but have pity upon me too: if I have ever given you comfort from my own bosom, think on it now, dear son, and come within the wall to protect us from this man; stand not without to meet him. Should the wretch kill you, neither I nor your richly dowered wife shall ever weep, dear offshoot of myself, over the bed on which you lie, for dogs will devour you at the ships of the Achaeans.”\nThus did the two with many tears implore their son, but they moved not the heart of Hector, and he stood his ground awaiting huge Achilles as he drew nearer towards him. As a serpent in its den upon the mountains, full fed with deadly poisons, waits for the approach of man, he is filled with fury and his eyes glare terribly as he goes writhing round his den, even so Hector leaned his shield against a tower that jutted out from the wall and stood where he was, undaunted." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.99–118", "orig": "ὤ μοι ἐγών, εἰ μέν κε πύλας καὶ τείχεα δύω,\nΠουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην ἀναθήσει,\nὅς μʼ ἐκέλευε Τρωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι\nνύχθʼ ὕπο τήνδʼ ὀλοὴν ὅτε τʼ ὤρετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐ πιθόμην· ἦ τʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον ἦεν.\nνῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ ὤλεσα λαὸν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ἐμῇσιν,\nαἰδέομαι Τρῶας καὶ Τρῳάδας ἑλκεσιπέπλους,\nμή ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι κακώτερος ἄλλος ἐμεῖο·\nἝκτωρ ἧφι βίηφι πιθήσας ὤλεσε λαόν.\nὣς ἐρέουσιν· ἐμοὶ δὲ τότʼ ἂν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη\nἄντην ἢ Ἀχιλῆα κατακτείναντα νέεσθαι,\nἠέ κεν αὐτῷ ὀλέσθαι ἐϋκλειῶς πρὸ πόληος.\nεἰ δέ κεν ἀσπίδα μὲν καταθείομαι ὀμφαλόεσσαν\nκαὶ κόρυθα βριαρήν, δόρυ δὲ πρὸς τεῖχος ἐρείσας\nαὐτὸς ἰὼν Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος ἀντίος ἔλθω\nκαί οἱ ὑπόσχωμαι Ἑλένην καὶ κτήμαθʼ ἅμʼ αὐτῇ,\nπάντα μάλʼ ὅσσά τʼ Ἀλέξανδρος κοίλῃς ἐνὶ νηυσὶν\nἠγάγετο Τροίηνδʼ, ἥ τʼ ἔπλετο νείκεος ἀρχή,\nδωσέμεν Ἀτρεΐδῃσιν ἄγειν, ἅμα δʼ ἀμφὶς Ἀχαιοῖς\nἄλλʼ ἀποδάσσεσθαι ὅσα τε πτόλις ἥδε κέκευθε·", "en": "“Alas,” said he to himself in the heaviness of his heart, “if I go within the gates, Polydamas will be the first to heap reproach upon me, for it was he that urged me to lead the Trojans back to the city on that awful night when Achilles again came forth against us. I would not listen, but it would have been indeed better if I had done so. Now that my folly has destroyed the host, I dare not look Trojan men and Trojan women in the face, lest a worse man should say, ‘Hector has ruined us by his self-confidence.’ Surely it would be better for me to return after having fought Achilles and slain him, or to die gloriously here before the city. What, again, if I were to lay down my shield and helmet, lean my spear against the wall and go straight up to noble Achilles? What if I were to promise to give up Helen, who was the fountainhead of all this war, and all the treasure that Alexandrus brought with him in his ships to Troy, aye, and to let the Achaeans divide the half of everything that the city contains among themselves?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.119–130", "orig": "Τρωσὶν δʼ αὖ μετόπισθε γερούσιον ὅρκον ἕλωμαι\nμή τι κατακρύψειν, ἀλλʼ ἄνδιχα πάντα δάσασθαι\nκτῆσιν ὅσην πτολίεθρον ἐπήρατον ἐντὸς ἐέργει·\nἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;\nμή μιν ἐγὼ μὲν ἵκωμαι ἰών, ὃ δέ μʼ οὐκ ἐλεήσει\nοὐδέ τί μʼ αἰδέσεται, κτενέει δέ με γυμνὸν ἐόντα\nαὔτως ὥς τε γυναῖκα, ἐπεί κʼ ἀπὸ τεύχεα δύω.\nοὐ μέν πως νῦν ἔστιν ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδʼ ἀπὸ πέτρης\nτῷ ὀαριζέμεναι, ἅ τε παρθένος ἠΐθεός τε\nπαρθένος ἠΐθεός τʼ ὀαρίζετον ἀλλήλοιιν.\nβέλτερον αὖτʼ ἔριδι ξυνελαυνέμεν ὅττι τάχιστα·\nεἴδομεν ὁπποτέρῳ κεν Ὀλύμπιος εὖχος ὀρέξῃ.", "en": "I might make the Trojans, by the mouths of their princes, take a solemn oath that they would hide nothing, but would divide into two shares all that is within the city, but why argue with myself in this way? Were I to go up to him he would show me no kind of mercy; he would kill me then and there as easily as though I were a woman, when I had off my armour. There is no parleying with him from some rock or oak tree as young men and maidens prattle with one another. Better fight him at once, and learn to which of us Jove will vouchsafe victory.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.131–144", "orig": "ὣς ὅρμαινε μένων, ὃ δέ οἱ σχεδὸν ἦλθεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἶσος Ἐνυαλίῳ κορυθάϊκι πτολεμιστῇ\nσείων Πηλιάδα μελίην κατὰ δεξιὸν ὦμον\nδεινήν· ἀμφὶ δὲ χαλκὸς ἐλάμπετο εἴκελος αὐγῇ\nἢ πυρὸς αἰθομένου ἢ ἠελίου ἀνιόντος.\nἝκτορα δʼ, ὡς ἐνόησεν, ἕλε τρόμος· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἔτλη\nαὖθι μένειν, ὀπίσω δὲ πύλας λίπε, βῆ δὲ φοβηθείς·\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ἐπόρουσε ποσὶ κραιπνοῖσι πεποιθώς.\nἠΰτε κίρκος ὄρεσφιν ἐλαφρότατος πετεηνῶν\nῥηϊδίως οἴμησε μετὰ τρήρωνα πέλειαν,\nἣ δέ θʼ ὕπαιθα φοβεῖται, ὃ δʼ ἐγγύθεν ὀξὺ λεληκὼς\nταρφέʼ ἐπαΐσσει, ἑλέειν τέ ἑ θυμὸς ἀνώγει·\nὣς ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐμμεμαὼς ἰθὺς πέτετο, τρέσε δʼ Ἕκτωρ\nτεῖχος ὕπο Τρώων, λαιψηρὰ δὲ γούνατʼ ἐνώμα.", "en": "Thus did he stand and ponder, but Achilles came up to him as it were Mars himself, plumed lord of battle. From his right shoulder he brandished his terrible spear of Pelian ash, and the bronze gleamed around him like flashing fire or the rays of the rising sun. Fear fell upon Hector as he beheld him, and he dared not stay longer where he was but fled in dismay from before the gates, while Achilles darted after him at his utmost speed. As a mountain falcon, swiftest of all birds, swoops down upon some cowering dove, the dove flies before him but the falcon with a shrill scream follows close after, resolved to have her, even so did Achilles make straight for Hector with all his might, while Hector fled under the Trojan wall as fast as his limbs could take him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.145–167", "orig": "οἳ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα\nτείχεος αἰὲν ὑπʼ ἐκ κατʼ ἀμαξιτὸν ἐσσεύοντο,\nκρουνὼ δʼ ἵκανον καλλιρρόω· ἔνθα δὲ πηγαὶ\nδοιαὶ ἀναΐσσουσι Σκαμάνδρου δινήεντος.\nἣ μὲν γάρ θʼ ὕδατι λιαρῷ ῥέει, ἀμφὶ δὲ καπνὸς\nγίγνεται ἐξ αὐτῆς ὡς εἰ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·\nἣ δʼ ἑτέρη θέρεϊ προρέει ἐϊκυῖα χαλάζῃ,\nἢ χιόνι ψυχρῇ ἢ ἐξ ὕδατος κρυστάλλῳ.\nἔνθα δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασι\nκαλοὶ λαΐνεοι, ὅθι εἵματα σιγαλόεντα\nπλύνεσκον Τρώων ἄλοχοι καλαί τε θύγατρες\nτὸ πρὶν ἐπʼ εἰρήνης πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.\nτῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων ὃ δʼ ὄπισθε διώκων·\nπρόσθε μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἔφευγε, δίωκε δέ μιν μέγʼ ἀμείνων\nκαρπαλίμως, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἱερήϊον οὐδὲ βοείην\nἀρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν,\nἀλλὰ περὶ ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο.\nὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀεθλοφόροι περὶ τέρματα μώνυχες ἵπποι\nῥίμφα μάλα τρωχῶσι· τὸ δὲ μέγα κεῖται ἄεθλον\nἢ τρίπος ἠὲ γυνὴ ἀνδρὸς κατατεθνηῶτος·\nὣς τὼ τρὶς Πριάμοιο πόλιν πέρι δινηθήτην\nκαρπαλίμοισι πόδεσσι· θεοὶ δʼ ἐς πάντες ὁρῶντο·\nτοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·", "en": "On they flew along the waggon-road that ran hard by under the wall, past the look-out station, and past the weather-beaten wild fig-tree, till they came to two fair springs which feed the river Scamander. One of these two springs is warm, and steam rises from it as smoke from a burning fire, but the other even in summer is as cold as hail or snow, or the ice that forms on water. Here, hard by the springs, are the goodly washing-troughs of stone, where in the time of peace before the coming of the Achaeans the wives and fair daughters of the Trojans used to wash their clothes. Past these did they fly, the one in front and the other giving chase behind him: good was the man that fled, but better far was he that followed after, and swiftly indeed did they run, for the prize was no mere beast for sacrifice or bullock’s hide, as it might be for a common foot-race, but they ran for the life of Hector. As horses in a chariot race speed round the turning-posts when they are running for some great prize, a tripod or woman, at the games in honour of some dead hero, so did these two run full speed three times round the city of Priam. All the gods watched them, and the sire of gods and men was the first to speak." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.168–185", "orig": "ὢ πόποι ἦ φίλον ἄνδρα διωκόμενον περὶ τεῖχος\nὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρῶμαι· ἐμὸν δʼ ὀλοφύρεται ἦτορ\nἝκτορος, ὅς μοι πολλὰ βοῶν ἐπὶ μηρίʼ ἔκηεν\nἼδης ἐν κορυφῇσι πολυπτύχου, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε\nἐν πόλει ἀκροτάτῃ· νῦν αὖτέ ἑ δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἄστυ πέρι Πριάμοιο ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκει.\nἀλλʼ ἄγετε φράζεσθε θεοὶ καὶ μητιάασθε\nἠέ μιν ἐκ θανάτοιο σαώσομεν, ἦέ μιν ἤδη\nΠηλεΐδῃ Ἀχιλῆϊ δαμάσσομεν ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nὦ πάτερ ἀργικέραυνε κελαινεφὲς οἷον ἔειπες·\nἄνδρα θνητὸν ἐόντα πάλαι πεπρωμένον αἴσῃ\nἂψ ἐθέλεις θανάτοιο δυσηχέος ἐξαναλῦσαι;\nἔρδʼ· ἀτὰρ οὔ τοι πάντες ἐπαινέομεν θεοὶ ἄλλοι.\nτὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nθάρσει Τριτογένεια φίλον τέκος· οὔ νύ τι θυμῷ\nπρόφρονι μυθέομαι, ἐθέλω δέ τοι ἤπιος εἶναι·\nἔρξον ὅπῃ δή τοι νόος ἔπλετο, μὴ δʼ ἔτʼ ἐρώει.", "en": "“Alas,” said he, “my eyes behold a man who is dear to me being pursued round the walls of Troy; my heart is full of pity for Hector, who has burned the thigh-bones of many a heifer in my honour, one while on the crests of many-valleyed Ida, and again on the citadel of Troy; and now I see noble Achilles in full pursuit of him round the city of Priam. What say you? Consider among yourselves and decide whether we shall now save him or let him fall, valiant though he be, before Achilles, son of Peleus.”\nThen Minerva said, “Father, wielder of the lightning, lord of cloud and storm, what mean you? Would you pluck this mortal whose doom has long been decreed out of the jaws of death? Do as you will, but we others shall not be of a mind with you.”\nAnd Jove answered, “My child, Trito-born, take heart. I did not speak in full earnest, and I will let you have your way. Do without let or hindrance as you are minded.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.186–199", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε πάρος μεμαυῖαν Ἀθήνην·\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα.\nἝκτορα δʼ ἀσπερχὲς κλονέων ἔφεπʼ ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς.\nὡς δʼ ὅτε νεβρὸν ὄρεσφι κύων ἐλάφοιο δίηται\nὄρσας ἐξ εὐνῆς διά τʼ ἄγκεα καὶ διὰ βήσσας·\nτὸν δʼ εἴ πέρ τε λάθῃσι καταπτήξας ὑπὸ θάμνῳ,\nἀλλά τʼ ἀνιχνεύων θέει ἔμπεδον ὄφρά κεν εὕρῃ·\nὣς Ἕκτωρ οὐ λῆθε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα.\nὁσσάκι δʼ ὁρμήσειε πυλάων Δαρδανιάων\nἀντίον ἀΐξασθαι ἐϋδμήτους ὑπὸ πύργους,\nεἴ πως οἷ καθύπερθεν ἀλάλκοιεν βελέεσσι,\nτοσσάκι μιν προπάροιθεν ἀποστρέψασκε παραφθὰς\nπρὸς πεδίον· αὐτὸς δὲ ποτὶ πτόλιος πέτετʼ αἰεί.\nὡς δʼ ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται φεύγοντα διώκειν·", "en": "Thus did he urge Minerva who was already eager, and down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus.\nAchilles was still in full pursuit of Hector, as a hound chasing a fawn which he has started from its covert on the mountains, and hunts through glade and thicket. The fawn may try to elude him by crouching under cover of a bush, but he will scent her out and follow her up until he gets her, even so there was no escape for Hector from the fleet son of Peleus. Whenever he made a set to get near the Dardanian gates and under the walls, that his people might help him by showering down weapons from above, Achilles would gain on him and head him back towards the plain, keeping himself always on the city side." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.200–213", "orig": "οὔτʼ ἄρʼ ὃ τὸν δύναται ὑποφεύγειν οὔθʼ ὃ διώκειν·\nὣς ὃ τὸν οὐ δύνατο μάρψαι ποσίν, οὐδʼ ὃς ἀλύξαι.\nπῶς δέ κεν Ἕκτωρ κῆρας ὑπεξέφυγεν θανάτοιο,\nεἰ μή οἱ πύματόν τε καὶ ὕστατον ἤντετʼ Ἀπόλλων\nἐγγύθεν, ὅς οἱ ἐπῶρσε μένος λαιψηρά τε γοῦνα;\nλαοῖσιν δʼ ἀνένευε καρήατι δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nοὐδʼ ἔα ἱέμεναι ἐπὶ Ἕκτορι πικρὰ βέλεμνα,\nμή τις κῦδος ἄροιτο βαλών, ὃ δὲ δεύτερος ἔλθοι.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τὸ τέταρτον ἐπὶ κρουνοὺς ἀφίκοντο,\nκαὶ τότε δὴ χρύσεια πατὴρ ἐτίταινε τάλαντα,\nἐν δʼ ἐτίθει δύο κῆρε τανηλεγέος θανάτοιο,\nτὴν μὲν Ἀχιλλῆος, τὴν δʼ Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο,\nἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών· ῥέπε δʼ Ἕκτορος αἴσιμον ἦμαρ,\nᾤχετο δʼ εἰς Ἀΐδαο, λίπεν δέ ἑ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.", "en": "As a man in a dream who fails to lay hands upon another whom he is pursuing, the one cannot escape nor the other overtake, even so neither could Achilles come up with Hector, nor Hector break away from Achilles; nevertheless he might even yet have escaped death had not the time come when Apollo, who thus far had sustained his strength and nerved his running, was now no longer to stay by him. Achilles made signs to the Achaean host, and shook his head to show that no man was to aim a dart at Hector, lest another might win the glory of having hit him and he might himself come in second. Then, at last, as they were nearing the fountains for the fourth time, the father of all balanced his golden scales and placed a doom in each of them, one for Achilles and the other for Hector. As he held the scales by the middle, the doom of Hector fell down deep into the house of Hades, and then Phoebus Apollo left him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.214–231", "orig": "Πηλεΐωνα δʼ ἵκανε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη,\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nνῦν δὴ νῶι ἔολπα Διῒ φίλε φαίδιμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nοἴσεσθαι μέγα κῦδος Ἀχαιοῖσι προτὶ νῆας\nἝκτορα δῃώσαντε μάχης ἄατόν περ ἐόντα.\nοὔ οἱ νῦν ἔτι γʼ ἔστι πεφυγμένον ἄμμε γενέσθαι,\nοὐδʼ εἴ κεν μάλα πολλὰ πάθοι ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων\nπροπροκυλινδόμενος πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν νῦν στῆθι καὶ ἄμπνυε, τόνδε δʼ ἐγώ τοι\nοἰχομένη πεπιθήσω ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι.\nὣς φάτʼ Ἀθηναίη, ὃ δʼ ἐπείθετο, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ,\nστῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπὶ μελίης χαλκογλώχινος ἐρεισθείς.\nἣ δʼ ἄρα τὸν μὲν ἔλειπε, κιχήσατο δʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον\nΔηϊφόβῳ ἐϊκυῖα δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν·\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἠθεῖʼ ἦ μάλα δή σε βιάζεται ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἄστυ πέρι Πριάμοιο ποσὶν ταχέεσσι διώκων·\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν καὶ ἀλεξώμεσθα μένοντες.", "en": "Thereon Minerva went close up to the son of Peleus and said, “Noble Achilles, favoured of heaven, we two shall surely take back to the ships a triumph for the Achaeans by slaying Hector, for all his lust of battle. Do what Apollo may as he lies grovelling before his father, aegis-bearing Jove, Hector cannot escape us longer. Stay here and take breath, while I go up to him and persuade him to make a stand and fight you.”\nThus spoke Minerva. Achilles obeyed her gladly, and stood still, leaning on his bronze-pointed ashen spear, while Minerva left him and went after Hector in the form and with the voice of Deiphobus. She came close up to him and said, “Dear brother, I see you are hard pressed by Achilles who is chasing you at full speed round the city of Priam, let us await his onset and stand on our defence.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.232–246", "orig": "τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nΔηΐφοβʼ ἦ μέν μοι τὸ πάρος πολὺ φίλτατος ἦσθα\nγνωτῶν οὓς Ἑκάβη ἠδὲ Πρίαμος τέκε παῖδας·\nνῦν δʼ ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον νοέω φρεσὶ τιμήσασθαι,\nὃς ἔτλης ἐμεῦ εἵνεκʼ, ἐπεὶ ἴδες ὀφθαλμοῖσι,\nτείχεος ἐξελθεῖν, ἄλλοι δʼ ἔντοσθε μένουσι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη·\nἠθεῖʼ ἦ μὲν πολλὰ πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nλίσσονθʼ ἑξείης γουνούμενοι, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι,\nαὖθι μένειν· τοῖον γὰρ ὑποτρομέουσιν ἅπαντες·\nἀλλʼ ἐμὸς ἔνδοθι θυμὸς ἐτείρετο πένθεϊ λυγρῷ.\nνῦν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτε μαχώμεθα, μὴ δέ τι δούρων\nἔστω φειδωλή, ἵνα εἴδομεν εἴ κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nνῶϊ κατακτείνας ἔναρα βροτόεντα φέρηται\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυράς, ἦ κεν σῷ δουρὶ δαμήῃ.", "en": "And Hector answered, “Deiphobus, you have always been dearest to me of all my brothers, children of Hecuba and Priam, but henceforth I shall rate you yet more highly, inasmuch as you have ventured outside the wall for my sake when all the others remain inside.”\nThen Minerva said, “Dear brother, my father and mother went down on their knees and implored me, as did all my comrades, to remain inside, so great a fear has fallen upon them all; but I was in an agony of grief when I beheld you; now, therefore, let us two make a stand and fight, and let there be no keeping our spears in reserve, that we may learn whether Achilles shall kill us and bear off our spoils to the ships, or whether he shall fall before you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.247–259", "orig": "ὣς φαμένη καὶ κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατʼ Ἀθήνη·\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nοὔ σʼ ἔτι Πηλέος υἱὲ φοβήσομαι, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ\nτρὶς περὶ ἄστυ μέγα Πριάμου δίον, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἔτλην\nμεῖναι ἐπερχόμενον· νῦν αὖτέ με θυμὸς ἀνῆκε\nστήμεναι ἀντία σεῖο· ἕλοιμί κεν ἤ κεν ἁλοίην.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δεῦρο θεοὺς ἐπιδώμεθα· τοὶ γὰρ ἄριστοι\nμάρτυροι ἔσσονται καὶ ἐπίσκοποι ἁρμονιάων·\nοὐ γὰρ ἐγώ σʼ ἔκπαγλον ἀεικιῶ, αἴ κεν ἐμοὶ Ζεὺς\nδώῃ καμμονίην, σὴν δὲ ψυχὴν ἀφέλωμαι·\nἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἄρ κέ σε συλήσω κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nνεκρὸν Ἀχαιοῖσιν δώσω πάλιν· ὣς δὲ σὺ ῥέζειν.", "en": "Thus did Minerva inveigle him by her cunning, and when the two were now close to one another great Hector was first to speak. “I will no longer fly you, son of Peleus,” said he, “as I have been doing hitherto. Three times have I fled round the mighty city of Priam, without daring to withstand you, but now, let me either slay or be slain, for I am in the mind to face you. Let us, then, give pledges to one another by our gods, who are the fittest witnesses and guardians of all covenants; let it be agreed between us that if Jove vouchsafes me the longer stay and I take your life, I am not to treat your dead body in any unseemly fashion, but when I have stripped you of your armour, I am to give up your body to the Achaeans. And do you likewise.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.260–272", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἝκτορ μή μοι ἄλαστε συνημοσύνας ἀγόρευε·\nὡς οὐκ ἔστι λέουσι καὶ ἀνδράσιν ὅρκια πιστά,\nοὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θυμὸν ἔχουσιν,\nἀλλὰ κακὰ φρονέουσι διαμπερὲς ἀλλήλοισιν,\nὣς οὐκ ἔστʼ ἐμὲ καὶ σὲ φιλήμεναι, οὐδέ τι νῶϊν\nὅρκια ἔσσονται, πρίν γʼ ἢ ἕτερόν γε πεσόντα\nαἵματος ἆσαι Ἄρηα ταλαύρινον πολεμιστήν.\nπαντοίης ἀρετῆς μιμνήσκεο· νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ\nαἰχμητήν τʼ ἔμεναι καὶ θαρσαλέον πολεμιστήν.\nοὔ τοι ἔτʼ ἔσθʼ ὑπάλυξις, ἄφαρ δέ σε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη\nἔγχει ἐμῷ δαμάᾳ· νῦν δʼ ἀθρόα πάντʼ ἀποτίσεις\nκήδεʼ ἐμῶν ἑτάρων οὓς ἔκτανες ἔγχεϊ θύων.", "en": "Achilles glared at him and answered, “Fool, prate not to me about covenants. There can be no covenants between men and lions, wolves and lambs can never be of one mind, but hate each other out and out all through. Therefore there can be no understanding between you and me, nor may there be any covenants between us, till one or other shall fall and glut grim Mars with his life’s blood. Put forth all your strength; you have need now to prove yourself indeed a bold soldier and man of war. You have no more chance, and Pallas Minerva will forthwith vanquish you by my spear: you shall now pay me in full for the grief you have caused me on account of my comrades whom you have killed in battle.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.273–288", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος·\nκαὶ τὸ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ·\nἕζετο γὰρ προϊδών, τὸ δʼ ὑπέρπτατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,\nἐν γαίῃ δʼ ἐπάγη· ἀνὰ δʼ ἥρπασε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,\nἂψ δʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ δίδου, λάθε δʼ Ἕκτορα ποιμένα λαῶν.\nἝκτωρ δὲ προσέειπεν ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα·\nἤμβροτες, οὐδʼ ἄρα πώ τι θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ\nἐκ Διὸς ἠείδης τὸν ἐμὸν μόρον, ἦ τοι ἔφης γε·\nἀλλά τις ἀρτιεπὴς καὶ ἐπίκλοπος ἔπλεο μύθων,\nὄφρά σʼ ὑποδείσας μένεος ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι.\nοὐ μέν μοι φεύγοντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πήξεις,\nἀλλʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτι διὰ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσον\nεἴ τοι ἔδωκε θεός· νῦν αὖτʼ ἐμὸν ἔγχος ἄλευαι\nχάλκεον· ὡς δή μιν σῷ ἐν χροῒ πᾶν κομίσαιο.\nκαί κεν ἐλαφρότερος πόλεμος Τρώεσσι γένοιτο\nσεῖο καταφθιμένοιο· σὺ γάρ σφισι πῆμα μέγιστον.", "en": "He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it. Hector saw it coming and avoided it; he watched it and crouched down so that it flew over his head and stuck in the ground beyond; Minerva then snatched it up and gave it back to Achilles without Hector’s seeing her; Hector thereon said to the son of Peleus, “You have missed your aim, Achilles, peer of the gods, and Jove has not yet revealed to you the hour of my doom, though you made sure that he had done so. You were a false-tongued liar when you deemed that I should forget my valour and quail before you. You shall not drive your spear into the back of a runaway, drive it, should heaven so grant you power, drive it into me as I make straight towards you; and now for your own part avoid my spear if you can, would that you might receive the whole of it into your body; if you were once dead the Trojans would find the war an easier matter, for it is you who have harmed them most.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.289–305", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ βάλε Πηλεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὐδʼ ἀφάμαρτε·\nτῆλε δʼ ἀπεπλάγχθη σάκεος δόρυ· χώσατο δʼ Ἕκτωρ\nὅττί ῥά οἱ βέλος ὠκὺ ἐτώσιον ἔκφυγε χειρός,\nστῆ δὲ κατηφήσας, οὐδʼ ἄλλʼ ἔχε μείλινον ἔγχος.\nΔηΐφοβον δʼ ἐκάλει λευκάσπιδα μακρὸν ἀΰσας·\nᾔτεέ μιν δόρυ μακρόν· ὃ δʼ οὔ τί οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἦεν.\nἝκτωρ δʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μάλα δή με θεοὶ θάνατόνδε κάλεσσαν·\nΔηΐφοβον γὰρ ἔγωγʼ ἐφάμην ἥρωα παρεῖναι·\nἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν τείχει, ἐμὲ δʼ ἐξαπάτησεν Ἀθήνη.\nνῦν δὲ δὴ ἐγγύθι μοι θάνατος κακός, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἄνευθεν,\nοὐδʼ ἀλέη· ἦ γάρ ῥα πάλαι τό γε φίλτερον ἦεν\nΖηνί τε καὶ Διὸς υἷι ἑκηβόλῳ, οἵ με πάρος γε\nπρόφρονες εἰρύατο· νῦν αὖτέ με μοῖρα κιχάνει.\nμὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε καὶ ἀκλειῶς ἀπολοίμην,\nἀλλὰ μέγα ῥέξας τι καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι.", "en": "He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it. His aim was true for he hit the middle of Achilles’ shield, but the spear rebounded from it, and did not pierce it. Hector was angry when he saw that the weapon had sped from his hand in vain, and stood there in dismay for he had no second spear. With a loud cry he called Deiphobus and asked him for one, but there was no man; then he saw the truth and said to himself, “Alas! the gods have lured me on to my destruction. I deemed that the hero Deiphobus was by my side, but he is within the wall, and Minerva has inveigled me; death is now indeed exceedingly near at hand and there is no way out of it, for so Jove and his son Apollo the far-darter have willed it, though heretofore they have been ever ready to protect me. My doom has come upon me; let me not then die ingloriously and without a struggle, but let me first do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.306–323", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας εἰρύσσατο φάσγανον ὀξύ,\nτό οἱ ὑπὸ λαπάρην τέτατο μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε,\nοἴμησεν δὲ ἀλεὶς ὥς τʼ αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις,\nὅς τʼ εἶσιν πεδίον δὲ διὰ νεφέων ἐρεβεννῶν\nἁρπάξων ἢ ἄρνʼ ἀμαλὴν ἤ πτῶκα λαγωόν·\nὣς Ἕκτωρ οἴμησε τινάσσων φάσγανον ὀξύ.\nὁρμήθη δʼ Ἀχιλεύς, μένεος δʼ ἐμπλήσατο θυμὸν\nἀγρίου, πρόσθεν δὲ σάκος στέρνοιο κάλυψε\nκαλὸν δαιδάλεον, κόρυθι δʼ ἐπένευε φαεινῇ\nτετραφάλῳ· καλαὶ δὲ περισσείοντο ἔθειραι\nχρύσεαι, ἃς Ἥφαιστος ἵει λόφον ἀμφὶ θαμειάς.\nοἷος δʼ ἀστὴρ εἶσι μετʼ ἀστράσι νυκτὸς ἀμολγῷ\nἕσπερος, ὃς κάλλιστος ἐν οὐρανῷ ἵσταται ἀστήρ,\nὣς αἰχμῆς ἀπέλαμπʼ εὐήκεος, ἣν ἄρʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nπάλλεν δεξιτερῇ φρονέων κακὸν Ἕκτορι δίῳ,\nεἰσορόων χρόα καλόν, ὅπῃ εἴξειε μάλιστα.\nτοῦ δὲ καὶ ἄλλο τόσον μὲν ἔχε χρόα χάλκεα τεύχεα,\nκαλά, τὰ Πατρόκλοιο βίην ἐνάριξε κατακτάς·", "en": "As he spoke he drew the keen blade that hung so great and strong by his side, and gathering himself together be sprang on Achilles like a soaring eagle which swoops down from the clouds on to some lamb or timid hare, even so did Hector brandish his sword and spring upon Achilles. Achilles mad with rage darted towards him, with his wondrous shield before his breast, and his gleaming helmet, made with four layers of metal, nodding fiercely forward. The thick tresses of gold with which Vulcan had crested the helmet floated round it, and as the evening star that shines brighter than all others through the stillness of night, even such was the gleam of the spear which Achilles poised in his right hand, fraught with the death of noble Hector." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.324–343", "orig": "φαίνετο δʼ ᾗ κληῗδες ἀπʼ ὤμων αὐχένʼ ἔχουσι,\nλαυκανίην, ἵνα τε ψυχῆς ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος·\nτῇ ῥʼ ἐπὶ οἷ μεμαῶτʼ ἔλασʼ ἔγχεϊ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nἀντικρὺ δʼ ἁπαλοῖο διʼ αὐχένος ἤλυθʼ ἀκωκή·\nοὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἀπʼ ἀσφάραγον μελίη τάμε χαλκοβάρεια,\nὄφρά τί μιν προτιείποι ἀμειβόμενος ἐπέεσσιν.\nἤριπε δʼ ἐν κονίῃς· ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἝκτορ ἀτάρ που ἔφης Πατροκλῆʼ ἐξεναρίζων\nσῶς ἔσσεσθʼ, ἐμὲ δʼ οὐδὲν ὀπίζεο νόσφιν ἐόντα,\nνήπιε· τοῖο δʼ ἄνευθεν ἀοσσητὴρ μέγʼ ἀμείνων\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐγὼ μετόπισθε λελείμμην,\nὅς τοι γούνατʼ ἔλυσα· σὲ μὲν κύνες ἠδʼ οἰωνοὶ\nἑλκήσουσʼ ἀϊκῶς, τὸν δὲ κτεριοῦσιν Ἀχαιοί.\nτὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nλίσσομʼ ὑπὲρ ψυχῆς καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων,\nμή με ἔα παρὰ νηυσὶ κύνας καταδάψαι Ἀχαιῶν,\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν χαλκόν τε ἅλις χρυσόν τε δέδεξο,\nδῶρα τά τοι δώσουσι πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ,\nσῶμα δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν, ὄφρα πυρός με\nΤρῶες καὶ Τρώων ἄλοχοι λελάχωσι θανόντα.", "en": "He eyed his fair flesh over and over to see where he could best wound it, but all was protected by the goodly armour of which Hector had spoiled Patroclus after he had slain him, save only the throat where the collar-bones divide the neck from the shoulders, and this is a most deadly place: here then did Achilles strike him as he was coming on towards him, and the point of his spear went right through the fleshy part of the neck, but it did not sever his windpipe so that he could still speak. Hector fell headlong, and Achilles vaunted over him saying, “Hector, you deemed that you should come off scatheless when you were spoiling Patroclus, and recked not of myself who was not with him. Fool that you were: for I, his comrade, mightier far than he, was still left behind him at the ships, and now I have laid you low. The Achaeans shall give him all due funeral rites, while dogs and vultures shall work their will upon yourself.”\nThen Hector said, as the life ebbed out of him, “I pray you by your life and knees, and by your parents, let not dogs devour me at the ships of the Achaeans, but accept the rich treasure of gold and bronze which my father and mother will offer you, and send my body home, that the Trojans and their wives may give me my dues of fire when I am dead.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.344–360", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς·\nμή με κύον γούνων γουνάζεο μὴ δὲ τοκήων·\nαἲ γάρ πως αὐτόν με μένος καὶ θυμὸς ἀνήη\nὤμʼ ἀποταμνόμενον κρέα ἔδμεναι, οἷα ἔοργας,\nὡς οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὃς σῆς γε κύνας κεφαλῆς ἀπαλάλκοι,\nοὐδʼ εἴ κεν δεκάκις τε καὶ εἰκοσινήριτʼ ἄποινα\nστήσωσʼ ἐνθάδʼ ἄγοντες, ὑπόσχωνται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα,\nοὐδʼ εἴ κέν σʼ αὐτὸν χρυσῷ ἐρύσασθαι ἀνώγοι\nΔαρδανίδης Πρίαμος· οὐδʼ ὧς σέ γε πότνια μήτηρ\nἐνθεμένη λεχέεσσι γοήσεται ὃν τέκεν αὐτή,\nἀλλὰ κύνες τε καὶ οἰωνοὶ κατὰ πάντα δάσονται.\nτὸν δὲ καταθνῄσκων προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ·\nἦ σʼ εὖ γιγνώσκων προτιόσσομαι, οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔμελλον\nπείσειν· ἦ γὰρ σοί γε σιδήρεος ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός.\nφράζεο νῦν, μή τοί τι θεῶν μήνιμα γένωμαι\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε κέν σε Πάρις καὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nἐσθλὸν ἐόντʼ ὀλέσωσιν ἐνὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν.", "en": "Achilles glared at him and answered, “Dog, talk not to me neither of knees nor parents; would that I could be as sure of being able to cut your flesh into pieces and eat it raw, for the ill you have done me, as I am that nothing shall save you from the dogs, it shall not be, though they bring ten or twenty-fold ransom and weigh it out for me on the spot, with promise of yet more hereafter. Though Priam son of Dardanus should bid them offer me your weight in gold, even so your mother shall never lay you out and make lament over the son she bore, but dogs and vultures shall eat you utterly up.”\nHector with his dying breath then said, “I know you what you are, and was sure that I should not move you, for your heart is hard as iron; look to it that I bring not heaven’s anger upon you on the day when Paris and Phoebus Apollo, valiant though you be, shall slay you at the Scaean gates.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.361–375", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψε,\nψυχὴ δʼ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδος δὲ βεβήκει\nὃν πότμον γοόωσα λιποῦσʼ ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην.\nτὸν καὶ τεθνηῶτα προσηύδα δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nτέθναθι· κῆρα δʼ ἐγὼ τότε δέξομαι ὁππότε κεν δὴ\nΖεὺς ἐθέλῃ τελέσαι ἠδʼ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι.\nἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐκ νεκροῖο ἐρύσσατο χάλκεον ἔγχος,\nκαὶ τό γʼ ἄνευθεν ἔθηχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα\nαἱματόεντʼ· ἄλλοι δὲ περίδραμον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,\nοἳ καὶ θηήσαντο φυὴν καὶ εἶδος ἀγητὸν\nἝκτορος· οὐδʼ ἄρα οἵ τις ἀνουτητί γε παρέστη.\nὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν ἰδὼν ἐς πλησίον ἄλλον·\nὢ πόποι, ἦ μάλα δὴ μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάασθαι\nἝκτωρ ἢ ὅτε νῆας ἐνέπρησεν πυρὶ κηλέῳ.\nὣς ἄρα τις εἴπεσκε καὶ οὐτήσασκε παραστάς.", "en": "When he had thus said the shrouds of death enfolded him, whereon his soul went out of him and flew down to the house of Hades, lamenting its sad fate that it should enjoy youth and strength no longer. But Achilles said, speaking to the dead body, “Die; for my part I will accept my fate whensoever Jove and the other gods see fit to send it.”\nAs he spoke he drew his spear from the body and set it on one side; then he stripped the blood-stained armour from Hector’s shoulders while the other Achaeans came running up to view his wondrous strength and beauty; and no one came near him without giving him a fresh wound. Then would one turn to his neighbour and say, “It is easier to handle Hector now than when he was flinging fire on to our ships”, and as he spoke he would thrust his spear into him anew." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.376–394", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐξενάριξε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nστὰς ἐν Ἀχαιοῖσιν ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευεν·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nἐπεὶ δὴ τόνδʼ ἄνδρα θεοὶ δαμάσασθαι ἔδωκαν,\nὃς κακὰ πόλλʼ ἔρρεξεν ὅσʼ οὐ σύμπαντες οἱ ἄλλοι,\nεἰ δʼ ἄγετʼ ἀμφὶ πόλιν σὺν τεύχεσι πειρηθῶμεν,\nὄφρά κʼ ἔτι γνῶμεν Τρώων νόον ὅν τινʼ ἔχουσιν,\nἢ καταλείψουσιν πόλιν ἄκρην τοῦδε πεσόντος,\nἦε μένειν μεμάασι καὶ Ἕκτορος οὐκέτʼ ἐόντος.\nἀλλὰ τί ἤ μοι ταῦτα φίλος διελέξατο θυμός;\nκεῖται πὰρ νήεσσι νέκυς ἄκλαυτος ἄθαπτος\nΠάτροκλος· τοῦ δʼ οὐκ ἐπιλήσομαι, ὄφρʼ ἂν ἔγωγε\nζωοῖσιν μετέω καί μοι φίλα γούνατʼ ὀρώρῃ·\nεἰ δὲ θανόντων περ καταλήθοντʼ εἰν Ἀΐδαο\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ κεῖθι φίλου μεμνήσομʼ ἑταίρου.\nνῦν δʼ ἄγʼ ἀείδοντες παιήονα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν\nνηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι νεώμεθα, τόνδε δʼ ἄγωμεν.\nἠράμεθα μέγα κῦδος· ἐπέφνομεν Ἕκτορα δῖον,\nᾧ Τρῶες κατὰ ἄστυ θεῷ ὣς εὐχετόωντο.", "en": "When Achilles had done spoiling Hector of his armour, he stood among the Argives and said, “My friends, princes and counsellors of the Argives, now that heaven has vouchsafed us to overcome this man, who has done us more hurt than all the others together, consider whether we should not attack the city in force, and discover in what mind the Trojans may be. We should thus learn whether they will desert their city now that Hector has fallen, or will still hold out even though he is no longer living. But why argue with myself in this way, while Patroclus is still lying at the ships unburied, and unmourned, he whom I can never forget so long as I am alive and my strength fails not? Though men forget their dead when once they are within the house of Hades, yet not even there will I forget the comrade whom I have lost. Now, therefore, Achaean youths, let us raise the song of victory and go back to the ships taking this man along with us; for we have achieved a mighty triumph and have slain noble Hector to whom the Trojans prayed throughout their city as though he were a god.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.395–415", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ Ἕκτορα δῖον ἀεικέα μήδετο ἔργα.\nἀμφοτέρων μετόπισθε ποδῶν τέτρηνε τένοντε\nἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης, βοέους δʼ ἐξῆπτεν ἱμάντας,\nἐκ δίφροιο δʼ ἔδησε, κάρη δʼ ἕλκεσθαι ἔασεν·\nἐς δίφρον δʼ ἀναβὰς ἀνά τε κλυτὰ τεύχεʼ ἀείρας\nμάστιξέν ῥʼ ἐλάαν, τὼ δʼ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην.\nτοῦ δʼ ἦν ἑλκομένοιο κονίσαλος, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται\nκυάνεαι πίτναντο, κάρη δʼ ἅπαν ἐν κονίῃσι\nκεῖτο πάρος χαρίεν· τότε δὲ Ζεὺς δυσμενέεσσι\nδῶκεν ἀεικίσσασθαι ἑῇ ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ.\nὣς τοῦ μὲν κεκόνιτο κάρη ἅπαν· ἣ δέ νυ μήτηρ\nτίλλε κόμην, ἀπὸ δὲ λιπαρὴν ἔρριψε καλύπτρην\nτηλόσε, κώκυσεν δὲ μάλα μέγα παῖδʼ ἐσιδοῦσα·\nᾤμωξεν δʼ ἐλεεινὰ πατὴρ φίλος, ἀμφὶ δὲ λαοὶ\nκωκυτῷ τʼ εἴχοντο καὶ οἰμωγῇ κατὰ ἄστυ.\nτῷ δὲ μάλιστʼ ἄρʼ ἔην ἐναλίγκιον ὡς εἰ ἅπασα\nἼλιος ὀφρυόεσσα πυρὶ σμύχοιτο κατʼ ἄκρης.\nλαοὶ μέν ῥα γέροντα μόγις ἔχον ἀσχαλόωντα\nἐξελθεῖν μεμαῶτα πυλάων Δαρδανιάων.\nπάντας δʼ ἐλλιτάνευε κυλινδόμενος κατὰ κόπρον,\nἐξονομακλήδην ὀνομάζων ἄνδρα ἕκαστον·", "en": "On this he treated the body of Hector with contumely: he pierced the sinews at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed thongs of ox-hide through the slits he had made: thus he made the body fast to his chariot, letting the head trail upon the ground. Then when he had put the goodly armour on the chariot and had himself mounted, he lashed his horses on and they flew forward nothing loth. The dust rose from Hector as he was being dragged along, his dark hair flew all abroad, and his head once so comely was laid low on earth, for Jove had now delivered him into the hands of his foes to do him outrage in his own land.\nThus was the head of Hector being dishonoured in the dust. His mother tore her hair, and flung her veil from her with a loud cry as she looked upon her son. His father made piteous moan, and throughout the city the people fell to weeping and wailing. It was as though the whole of frowning Ilius was being smirched with fire. Hardly could the people hold Priam back in his hot haste to rush without the gates of the city. He grovelled in the mire and besought them, calling each one of them by his name." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.416–436", "orig": "σχέσθε φίλοι, καί μʼ οἶον ἐάσατε κηδόμενοί περ\nἐξελθόντα πόληος ἱκέσθʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.\nλίσσωμʼ ἀνέρα τοῦτον ἀτάσθαλον ὀβριμοεργόν,\nἤν πως ἡλικίην αἰδέσσεται ἠδʼ ἐλεήσῃ\nγῆρας· καὶ δέ νυ τῷ γε πατὴρ τοιόσδε τέτυκται\nΠηλεύς, ὅς μιν ἔτικτε καὶ ἔτρεφε πῆμα γενέσθαι\nΤρωσί· μάλιστα δʼ ἐμοὶ περὶ πάντων ἄλγεʼ ἔθηκε.\nτόσσους γάρ μοι παῖδας ἀπέκτανε τηλεθάοντας·\nτῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι ἀχνύμενός περ\nὡς ἑνός, οὗ μʼ ἄχος ὀξὺ κατοίσεται Ἄϊδος εἴσω,\nἝκτορος· ὡς ὄφελεν θανέειν ἐν χερσὶν ἐμῇσι·\nτώ κε κορεσσάμεθα κλαίοντέ τε μυρομένω τε\nμήτηρ θʼ, ἥ μιν ἔτικτε δυσάμμορος, ἠδʼ ἐγὼ αὐτός.\nὣς ἔφατο κλαίων, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο πολῖται·\nΤρῳῇσιν δʼ Ἑκάβη ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·\nτέκνον ἐγὼ δειλή· τί νυ βείομαι αἰνὰ παθοῦσα\nσεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος; ὅ μοι νύκτάς τε καὶ ἦμαρ\nεὐχωλὴ κατὰ ἄστυ πελέσκεο, πᾶσί τʼ ὄνειαρ\nΤρωσί τε καὶ Τρῳῇσι κατὰ πτόλιν, οἵ σε θεὸν ὣς\nδειδέχατʼ· ἦ γὰρ καί σφι μάλα μέγα κῦδος ἔησθα\nζωὸς ἐών· νῦν αὖ θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κιχάνει.", "en": "“Let be, my friends,” he cried, “and for all your sorrow, suffer me to go single-handed to the ships of the Achaeans. Let me beseech this cruel and terrible man, if maybe he will respect the feeling of his fellow-men, and have compassion on my old age. His own father is even such another as myself, Peleus, who bred him and reared him to be the bane of us Trojans, and of myself more than of all others. Many a son of mine has he slain in the flower of his youth, and yet, grieve for these as I may, I do so for one, Hector, more than for them all, and the bitterness of my sorrow will bring me down to the house of Hades. Would that he had died in my arms, for so both his ill-starred mother who bore him, and myself, should have had the comfort of weeping and mourning over him.”\nThus did he speak with many tears, and all the people of the city joined in his lament. Hecuba then raised the cry of wailing among the Trojans. “Alas, my son,” she cried, “what have I left to live for now that you are no more? Night and day did I glory in you throughout the city, for you were a tower of strength to all in Troy, and both men and women alike hailed you as a god. So long as you lived you were their pride, but now death and destruction have fallen upon you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.437–450", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἄλοχος δʼ οὔ πώ τι πέπυστο\nἝκτορος· οὐ γάρ οἵ τις ἐτήτυμος ἄγγελος ἐλθὼν\nἤγγειλʼ ὅττί ῥά οἱ πόσις ἔκτοθι μίμνε πυλάων,\nἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ ἱστὸν ὕφαινε μυχῷ δόμου ὑψηλοῖο\nδίπλακα πορφυρέην, ἐν δὲ θρόνα ποικίλʼ ἔπασσε.\nκέκλετο δʼ ἀμφιπόλοισιν ἐϋπλοκάμοις κατὰ δῶμα\nἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν, ὄφρα πέλοιτο\nἝκτορι θερμὰ λοετρὰ μάχης ἐκ νοστήσαντι\nνηπίη, οὐδʼ ἐνόησεν ὅ μιν μάλα τῆλε λοετρῶν\nχερσὶν Ἀχιλλῆος δάμασε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.\nκωκυτοῦ δʼ ἤκουσε καὶ οἰμωγῆς ἀπὸ πύργου·\nτῆς δʼ ἐλελίχθη γυῖα, χαμαὶ δέ οἱ ἔκπεσε κερκίς·\nἣ δʼ αὖτις δμῳῇσιν ἐϋπλοκάμοισι μετηύδα·\nδεῦτε δύω μοι ἕπεσθον, ἴδωμʼ ὅτινʼ ἔργα τέτυκται.", "en": "Hector’s wife had as yet heard nothing, for no one had come to tell her that her husband had remained without the gates. She was at her loom in an inner part of the house, weaving a double purple web, and embroidering it with many flowers. She told her maids to set a large tripod on the fire, so as to have a warm bath ready for Hector when he came out of battle; poor woman, she knew not that he was now beyond the reach of baths, and that Minerva had laid him low by the hands of Achilles. She heard the cry coming as from the wall, and trembled in every limb; the shuttle fell from her hands, and again she spoke to her waiting-women. “Two of you,” she said, “come with me that I may learn what it is that has befallen; I heard the voice of my husband’s honoured mother;" }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.451–465", "orig": "αἰδοίης ἑκυρῆς ὀπὸς ἔκλυον, ἐν δʼ ἐμοὶ αὐτῇ\nστήθεσι πάλλεται ἦτορ ἀνὰ στόμα, νέρθε δὲ γοῦνα\nπήγνυται· ἐγγὺς δή τι κακὸν Πριάμοιο τέκεσσιν.\nαἲ γὰρ ἀπʼ οὔατος εἴη ἐμεῦ ἔπος· ἀλλὰ μάλʼ αἰνῶς\nδείδω μὴ δή μοι θρασὺν Ἕκτορα δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nμοῦνον ἀποτμήξας πόλιος πεδίον δὲ δίηται,\nκαὶ δή μιν καταπαύσῃ ἀγηνορίης ἀλεγεινῆς\nἥ μιν ἔχεσκʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποτʼ ἐνὶ πληθυῖ μένεν ἀνδρῶν,\nἀλλὰ πολὺ προθέεσκε, τὸ ὃν μένος οὐδενὶ εἴκων.\nὣς φαμένη μεγάροιο διέσσυτο μαινάδι ἴση\nπαλλομένη κραδίην· ἅμα δʼ ἀμφίπολοι κίον αὐτῇ\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πύργόν τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἷξεν ὅμιλον\nἔστη παπτήνασʼ ἐπὶ τείχεϊ, τὸν δὲ νόησεν\nἑλκόμενον πρόσθεν πόλιος· ταχέες δέ μιν ἵπποι\nἕλκον ἀκηδέστως κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "my own heart beats as though it would come into my mouth and my limbs refuse to carry me; some great misfortune for Priam’s children must be at hand. May I never live to hear it, but I greatly fear that Achilles has cut off the retreat of brave Hector and has chased him on to the plain where he was single-handed; I fear he may have put an end to the reckless daring which possessed my husband, who would never remain with the body of his men, but would dash on far in front, foremost of them all in valour.”\nHer heart beat fast, and as she spoke she flew from the house like a maniac, with her waiting-women following after. When she reached the battlements and the crowd of people, she stood looking out upon the wall, and saw Hector being borne away in front of the city, the horses dragging him without heed or care over the ground towards the ships of the Achaeans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.466–481", "orig": "τὴν δὲ κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν ἐρεβεννὴ νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν,\nἤριπε δʼ ἐξοπίσω, ἀπὸ δὲ ψυχὴν ἐκάπυσσε.\nτῆλε δʼ ἀπὸ κρατὸς βάλε δέσματα σιγαλόεντα,\nἄμπυκα κεκρύφαλόν τε ἰδὲ πλεκτὴν ἀναδέσμην\nκρήδεμνόν θʼ, ὅ ῥά οἱ δῶκε χρυσῆ Ἀφροδίτη\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε μιν κορυθαίολος ἠγάγεθʼ Ἕκτωρ\nἐκ δόμου Ἠετίωνος, ἐπεὶ πόρε μυρία ἕδνα.\nἀμφὶ δέ μιν γαλόῳ τε καὶ εἰνατέρες ἅλις ἔσταν,\nαἵ ἑ μετὰ σφίσιν εἶχον ἀτυζομένην ἀπολέσθαι.\nἣ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔμπνυτο καὶ ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη\nἀμβλήδην γοόωσα μετὰ Τρῳῇσιν ἔειπεν·\nἝκτορ ἐγὼ δύστηνος· ἰῇ ἄρα γεινόμεθʼ αἴσῃ\nἀμφότεροι, σὺ μὲν ἐν Τροίῃ Πριάμου κατὰ δῶμα,\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Θήβῃσιν ὑπὸ Πλάκῳ ὑληέσσῃ\nἐν δόμῳ Ἠετίωνος, ὅ μʼ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐοῦσαν\nδύσμορος αἰνόμορον· ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι.", "en": "Her eyes were then shrouded as with the darkness of night and she fell fainting backwards. She tore the attiring from her head and flung it from her, the frontlet and net with its plaited band, and the veil which golden Venus had given her on the day when Hector took her with him from the house of Eetion, after having given countless gifts of wooing for her sake. Her husband’s sisters and the wives of his brothers crowded round her and supported her, for she was fain to die in her distraction; when she again presently breathed and came to herself, she sobbed and made lament among the Trojans saying, “Woe is me, O Hector; woe, indeed, that to share a common lot we were born, you at Troy in the house of Priam, and I at Thebes under the wooded mountain of Placus in the house of Eetion who brought me up when I was a child, ill-starred sire of an ill-starred daughter, would that he had never begotten me." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.482–498", "orig": "νῦν δὲ σὺ μὲν Ἀΐδαο δόμους ὑπὸ κεύθεσι γαίης\nἔρχεαι, αὐτὰρ ἐμὲ στυγερῷ ἐνὶ πένθεϊ λείπεις\nχήρην ἐν μεγάροισι· πάϊς δʼ ἔτι νήπιος αὔτως,\nὃν τέκομεν σύ τʼ ἐγώ τε δυσάμμοροι· οὔτε σὺ τούτῳ\nἔσσεαι Ἕκτορ ὄνειαρ ἐπεὶ θάνες, οὔτε σοὶ οὗτος.\nἤν περ γὰρ πόλεμόν γε φύγῃ πολύδακρυν Ἀχαιῶν,\nαἰεί τοι τούτῳ γε πόνος καὶ κήδεʼ ὀπίσσω\nἔσσοντʼ· ἄλλοι γάρ οἱ ἀπουρίσσουσιν ἀρούρας.\nἦμαρ δʼ ὀρφανικὸν παναφήλικα παῖδα τίθησι·\nπάντα δʼ ὑπεμνήμυκε, δεδάκρυνται δὲ παρειαί,\nδευόμενος δέ τʼ ἄνεισι πάϊς ἐς πατρὸς ἑταίρους,\nἄλλον μὲν χλαίνης ἐρύων, ἄλλον δὲ χιτῶνος·\nτῶν δʼ ἐλεησάντων κοτύλην τις τυτθὸν ἐπέσχε·\nχείλεα μέν τʼ ἐδίηνʼ, ὑπερῴην δʼ οὐκ ἐδίηνε.\nτὸν δὲ καὶ ἀμφιθαλὴς ἐκ δαιτύος ἐστυφέλιξε\nχερσὶν πεπλήγων καὶ ὀνειδείοισιν ἐνίσσων·\nἔρρʼ οὕτως· οὐ σός γε πατὴρ μεταδαίνυται ἡμῖν.", "en": "You are now going into the house of Hades under the secret places of the earth, and you leave me a sorrowing widow in your house. The child, of whom you and I are the unhappy parents, is as yet a mere infant. Now that you are gone, O Hector, you can do nothing for him nor he for you. Even though he escape the horrors of this woeful war with the Achaeans, yet shall his life henceforth be one of labour and sorrow, for others will seize his lands. The day that robs a child of his parents severs him from his own kind; his head is bowed, his cheeks are wet with tears, and he will go about destitute among the friends of his father, plucking one by the cloak and another by the shirt. Some one or other of these may so far pity him as to hold the cup for a moment towards him and let him moisten his lips, but he must not drink enough to wet the roof of his mouth; then one whose parents are alive will drive him from the table with blows and angry words." }, { "ref": "Iliad 22.499–515", "orig": "δακρυόεις δέ τʼ ἄνεισι πάϊς ἐς μητέρα χήρην\nἈστυάναξ, ὃς πρὶν μὲν ἑοῦ ἐπὶ γούνασι πατρὸς\nμυελὸν οἶον ἔδεσκε καὶ οἰῶν πίονα δημόν·\nαὐτὰρ ὅθʼ ὕπνος ἕλοι, παύσαιτό τε νηπιαχεύων,\nεὕδεσκʼ ἐν λέκτροισιν ἐν ἀγκαλίδεσσι τιθήνης\nεὐνῇ ἔνι μαλακῇ θαλέων ἐμπλησάμενος κῆρ·\nνῦν δʼ ἂν πολλὰ πάθῃσι φίλου ἀπὸ πατρὸς ἁμαρτὼν\nἈστυάναξ, ὃν Τρῶες ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν·\nοἶος γάρ σφιν ἔρυσο πύλας καὶ τείχεα μακρά.\nνῦν δὲ σὲ μὲν παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσι νόσφι τοκήων\nαἰόλαι εὐλαὶ ἔδονται, ἐπεί κε κύνες κορέσωνται\nγυμνόν· ἀτάρ τοι εἵματʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι κέονται\nλεπτά τε καὶ χαρίεντα τετυγμένα χερσὶ γυναικῶν.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι τάδε πάντα καταφλέξω πυρὶ κηλέῳ\nοὐδὲν σοί γʼ ὄφελος, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐγκείσεαι αὐτοῖς,\nἀλλὰ πρὸς Τρώων καὶ Τρωϊάδων κλέος εἶναι.\nὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες.", "en": "‘Out with you,’ he will say, ‘you have no father here,’ and the child will go crying back to his widowed mother, he, Astyanax, who erewhile would sit upon his father’s knees, and have none but the daintiest and choicest morsels set before him. When he had played till he was tired and went to sleep, he would lie in a bed, in the arms of his nurse, on a soft couch, knowing neither want nor care, whereas now that he has lost his father his lot will be full of hardship, he, whom the Trojans name Astyanax, because you, O Hector, were the only defence of their gates and battlements. The wriggling writhing worms will now eat you at the ships, far from your parents, when the dogs have glutted themselves upon you. You will lie naked, although in your house you have fine and goodly raiment made by hands of women. This will I now burn; it is of no use to you, for you can never again wear it, and thus you will have respect shown you by the Trojans both men and women.”\nIn such wise did she cry aloud amid her tears, and the women joined in her lament." } ], "23": [ { "ref": "Iliad 23.1–11", "orig": "ὣς οἳ μὲν στενάχοντο κατὰ πτόλιν· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ\nἐπεὶ δὴ νῆάς τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκοντο,\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐσκίδναντο ἑὴν ἐπὶ νῆα ἕκαστος,\nΜυρμιδόνας δʼ οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Ἀχιλλεύς,\nἀλλʼ ὅ γε οἷς ἑτάροισι φιλοπτολέμοισι μετηύδα·\nΜυρμιδόνες ταχύπωλοι ἐμοὶ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι\nμὴ δή πω ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους,\nἀλλʼ αὐτοῖς ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασιν ἆσσον ἰόντες\nΠάτροκλον κλαίωμεν· ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί κʼ ὀλοοῖο τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο,\nἵππους λυσάμενοι δορπήσομεν ἐνθάδε πάντες.", "en": "Thus did they make their moan throughout the city, while the Achaeans when they reached the Hellespont went back every man to his own ship. But Achilles would not let the Myrmidons go, and spoke to his brave comrades saying, “Myrmidons, famed horsemen and my own trusted friends, not yet, forsooth, let us unyoke, but with horse and chariot draw near to the body and mourn Patroclus, in due honour to the dead. When we have had full comfort of lamentation we will unyoke our horses and take supper all of us here.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.12–23", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ᾤμωξαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δʼ Ἀχιλλεύς.\nοἳ δὲ τρὶς περὶ νεκρὸν ἐΰτριχας ἤλασαν ἵππους\nμυρόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι Θέτις γόου ἵμερον ὦρσε.\nδεύοντο ψάμαθοι, δεύοντο δὲ τεύχεα φωτῶν\nδάκρυσι· τοῖον γὰρ πόθεον μήστωρα φόβοιο.\nτοῖσι δὲ Πηλεΐδης ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο\nχεῖρας ἐπʼ ἀνδροφόνους θέμενος στήθεσσιν ἑταίρου·\nχαῖρέ μοι ὦ Πάτροκλε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι·\nπάντα γὰρ ἤδη τοι τελέω τὰ πάροιθεν ὑπέστην\nἝκτορα δεῦρʼ ἐρύσας δώσειν κυσὶν ὠμὰ δάσασθαι,\nδώδεκα δὲ προπάροιθε πυρῆς ἀποδειροτομήσειν\nΤρώων ἀγλαὰ τέκνα σέθεν κταμένοιο χολωθείς.", "en": "On this they all joined in a cry of wailing and Achilles led them in their lament. Thrice did they drive their chariots all sorrowing round the body, and Thetis stirred within them a still deeper yearning. The sands of the sea-shore and the men’s armour were wet with their weeping, so great a minister of fear was he whom they had lost. Chief in all their mourning was the son of Peleus: he laid his blood-stained hand on the breast of his friend. “Fare well,” he cried, “Patroclus, even in the house of Hades. I will now do all that I erewhile promised you; I will drag Hector hither and let dogs devour him raw; twelve noble sons of Trojans will I also slay before your pyre to avenge you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.24–34", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ Ἕκτορα δῖον ἀεικέα μήδετο ἔργα\nπρηνέα πὰρ λεχέεσσι Μενοιτιάδαο τανύσσας\nἐν κονίῃς· οἳ δʼ ἔντεʼ ἀφωπλίζοντο ἕκαστος\nχάλκεα μαρμαίροντα, λύον δʼ ὑψηχέας ἵππους,\nκὰδ δʼ ἷζον παρὰ νηῒ ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο\nμυρίοι· αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖσι τάφον μενοεικέα δαίνυ.\nπολλοὶ μὲν βόες ἀργοὶ ὀρέχθεον ἀμφὶ σιδήρῳ\nσφαζόμενοι, πολλοὶ δʼ ὄϊες καὶ μηκάδες αἶγες·\nπολλοὶ δʼ ἀργιόδοντες ὕες θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ\nεὑόμενοι τανύοντο διὰ φλογὸς Ἡφαίστοιο·\nπάντῃ δʼ ἀμφὶ νέκυν κοτυλήρυτον ἔρρεεν αἷμα.", "en": "As he spoke he treated the body of noble Hector with contumely, laying it at full length in the dust beside the bier of Patroclus. The others then put off every man his armour, took the horses from their chariots, and seated themselves in great multitude by the ship of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, who thereon feasted them with an abundant funeral banquet. Many a goodly ox, with many a sheep and bleating goat did they butcher and cut up; many a tusked boar moreover, fat and well-fed, did they singe and set to roast in the flames of Vulcan; and rivulets of blood flowed all round the place where the body was lying." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.35–53", "orig": "αὐτὰρ τόν γε ἄνακτα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα\nεἰς Ἀγαμέμνονα δῖον ἄγον βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν\nσπουδῇ παρπεπιθόντες ἑταίρου χωόμενον κῆρ.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Ἀγαμέμνονος ἷξον ἰόντες,\nαὐτίκα κηρύκεσσι λιγυφθόγγοισι κέλευσαν\nἀμφὶ πυρὶ στῆσαι τρίποδα μέγαν, εἰ πεπίθοιεν\nΠηλεΐδην λούσασθαι ἄπο βρότον αἱματόεντα.\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἠρνεῖτο στερεῶς, ἐπὶ δʼ ὅρκον ὄμοσσεν·\nοὐ μὰ Ζῆνʼ, ὅς τίς τε θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος,\nοὐ θέμις ἐστὶ λοετρὰ καρήατος ἆσσον ἱκέσθαι\nπρίν γʼ ἐνὶ Πάτροκλον θέμεναι πυρὶ σῆμά τε χεῦαι\nκείρασθαί τε κόμην, ἐπεὶ οὔ μʼ ἔτι δεύτερον ὧδε\nἵξετʼ ἄχος κραδίην ὄφρα ζωοῖσι μετείω.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι νῦν μὲν στυγερῇ πειθώμεθα δαιτί·\nἠῶθεν δʼ ὄτρυνον ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγάμεμνον\nὕλην τʼ ἀξέμεναι παρά τε σχεῖν ὅσσʼ ἐπιεικὲς\nνεκρὸν ἔχοντα νέεσθαι ὑπὸ ζόφον ἠερόεντα,\nὄφρʼ ἤτοι τοῦτον μὲν ἐπιφλέγῃ ἀκάματον πῦρ\nθᾶσσον ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν, λαοὶ δʼ ἐπὶ ἔργα τράπωνται.", "en": "Then the princes of the Achaeans took the son of Peleus to Agamemnon, but hardly could they persuade him to come with them, so wroth was he for the death of his comrade. As soon as they reached Agamemnon’s tent they told the serving-men to set a large tripod over the fire in case they might persuade the son of Peleus to wash the clotted gore from this body, but he denied them sternly, and swore it with a solemn oath, saying, “Nay, by King Jove, first and mightiest of all gods, it is not meet that water should touch my body, till I have laid Patroclus on the flames, have built him a barrow, and shaved my head, for so long as I live no such second sorrow shall ever draw nigh me. Now, therefore, let us do all that this sad festival demands, but at break of day, King Agamemnon, bid your men bring wood, and provide all else that the dead may duly take into the realm of darkness; the fire shall thus burn him out of our sight the sooner, and the people shall turn again to their own labours.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.54–68", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο.\nἐσσυμένως δʼ ἄρα δόρπον ἐφοπλίσσαντες ἕκαστοι\nδαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,\nοἳ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν κλισίην δὲ ἕκαστος,\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ἐπὶ θινὶ πολυφλοίσβοιο θαλάσσης\nκεῖτο βαρὺ στενάχων πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσιν\nἐν καθαρῷ, ὅθι κύματʼ ἐπʼ ἠϊόνος κλύζεσκον·\nεὖτε τὸν ὕπνος ἔμαρπτε λύων μελεδήματα θυμοῦ\nνήδυμος ἀμφιχυθείς· μάλα γὰρ κάμε φαίδιμα γυῖα\nἝκτορʼ ἐπαΐσσων προτὶ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν·\nἦλθε δʼ ἐπὶ ψυχὴ Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο\nπάντʼ αὐτῷ μέγεθός τε καὶ ὄμματα κάλʼ ἐϊκυῖα\nκαὶ φωνήν, καὶ τοῖα περὶ χροῒ εἵματα ἕστο·\nστῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·", "en": "Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. They made haste to prepare the meal, they ate, and every man had his full share so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, the others went to their rest each in his own tent, but the son of Peleus lay grieving among his Myrmidons by the shore of the sounding sea, in an open place where the waves came surging in one after another. Here a very deep slumber took hold upon him and eased the burden of his sorrows, for his limbs were weary with chasing Hector round windy Ilius. Presently the sad spirit of Patroclus drew near him, like what he had been in stature, voice, and the light of his beaming eyes, clad, too, as he had been clad in life. The spirit hovered over his head and said:" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.69–81", "orig": "εὕδεις, αὐτὰρ ἐμεῖο λελασμένος ἔπλευ Ἀχιλλεῦ.\nοὐ μέν μευ ζώοντος ἀκήδεις, ἀλλὰ θανόντος·\nθάπτέ με ὅττι τάχιστα πύλας Ἀΐδαο περήσω.\nτῆλέ με εἴργουσι ψυχαὶ εἴδωλα καμόντων,\nοὐδέ μέ πω μίσγεσθαι ὑπὲρ ποταμοῖο ἐῶσιν,\nἀλλʼ αὔτως ἀλάλημαι ἀνʼ εὐρυπυλὲς Ἄϊδος δῶ.\nκαί μοι δὸς τὴν χεῖρʼ· ὀλοφύρομαι, οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ αὖτις\nνίσομαι ἐξ Ἀΐδαο, ἐπήν με πυρὸς λελάχητε.\nοὐ μὲν γὰρ ζωοί γε φίλων ἀπάνευθεν ἑταίρων\nβουλὰς ἑζόμενοι βουλεύσομεν, ἀλλʼ ἐμὲ μὲν κὴρ\nἀμφέχανε στυγερή, ἥ περ λάχε γιγνόμενόν περ·\nκαὶ δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ μοῖρα, θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,\nτείχει ὕπο Τρώων εὐηφενέων ἀπολέσθαι.", "en": "“You sleep, Achilles, and have forgotten me; you loved me living, but now that I am dead you think for me no further. Bury me with all speed that I may pass the gates of Hades; the ghosts, vain shadows of men that can labour no more, drive me away from them; they will not yet suffer me to join those that are beyond the river, and I wander all desolate by the wide gates of the house of Hades. Give me now your hand I pray you, for when you have once given me my dues of fire, never shall I again come forth out of the house of Hades. Nevermore shall we sit apart and take sweet counsel among the living; the cruel fate which was my birth-right has yawned its wide jaws around me, nay, you too Achilles, peer of gods, are doomed to die beneath the wall of the noble Trojans." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.82–92", "orig": "ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐφήσομαι αἴ κε πίθηαι·\nμὴ ἐμὰ σῶν ἀπάνευθε τιθήμεναι ὀστέʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,\nἀλλʼ ὁμοῦ ὡς ἐτράφημεν ἐν ὑμετέροισι δόμοισιν,\nεὖτέ με τυτθὸν ἐόντα Μενοίτιος ἐξ Ὀπόεντος\nἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδʼ ἀνδροκτασίης ὕπο λυγρῆς,\nἤματι τῷ ὅτε παῖδα κατέκτανον Ἀμφιδάμαντος\nνήπιος οὐκ ἐθέλων ἀμφʼ ἀστραγάλοισι χολωθείς·\nἔνθά με δεξάμενος ἐν δώμασιν ἱππότα Πηλεὺς\nἔτραφέ τʼ ἐνδυκέως καὶ σὸν θεράποντʼ ὀνόμηνεν·\nὣς δὲ καὶ ὀστέα νῶϊν ὁμὴ σορὸς ἀμφικαλύπτοι\nχρύσεος ἀμφιφορεύς, τόν τοι πόρε πότνια μήτηρ.", "en": "“One prayer more will I make you, if you will grant it; let not my bones be laid apart from yours, Achilles, but with them; even as we were brought up together in your own home, what time Menoetius brought me to you as a child from Opoeis because by a sad spite I had killed the son of Amphidamas, not of set purpose, but in childish quarrel over the dice. The knight Peleus took me into his house, entreated me kindly, and named me to be your squire; therefore let our bones lie in but a single urn, the two-handled golden vase given to you by your mother.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.93–107", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nτίπτέ μοι ἠθείη κεφαλὴ δεῦρʼ εἰλήλουθας\nκαί μοι ταῦτα ἕκαστʼ ἐπιτέλλεαι; αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι\nπάντα μάλʼ ἐκτελέω καὶ πείσομαι ὡς σὺ κελεύεις.\nἀλλά μοι ἆσσον στῆθι· μίνυνθά περ ἀμφιβαλόντε\nἀλλήλους ὀλοοῖο τεταρπώμεσθα γόοιο.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ὠρέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσιν\nοὐδʼ ἔλαβε· ψυχὴ δὲ κατὰ χθονὸς ἠΰτε καπνὸς\nᾤχετο τετριγυῖα· ταφὼν δʼ ἀνόρουσεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nχερσί τε συμπλατάγησεν, ἔπος δʼ ὀλοφυδνὸν ἔειπεν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ ῥά τίς ἐστι καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι\nψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν·\nπαννυχίη γάρ μοι Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο\nψυχὴ ἐφεστήκει γοόωσά τε μυρομένη τε,\nκαί μοι ἕκαστʼ ἐπέτελλεν, ἔϊκτο δὲ θέσκελον αὐτῷ.", "en": "And Achilles answered, “Why, true heart, are you come hither to lay these charges upon me? I will of my own self do all as you have bidden me. Draw closer to me, let us once more throw our arms around one another, and find sad comfort in the sharing of our sorrows.”\nHe opened his arms towards him as he spoke and would have clasped him in them, but there was nothing, and the spirit vanished as a vapour, gibbering and whining into the earth. Achilles sprang to his feet, smote his two hands, and made lamentation saying, “Of a truth even in the house of Hades there are ghosts and phantoms that have no life in them; all night long the sad spirit of Patroclus has hovered over head making piteous moan, telling me what I am to do for him, and looking wondrously like himself.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.108–126", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο·\nμυρομένοισι δὲ τοῖσι φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠὼς\nἀμφὶ νέκυν ἐλεεινόν. ἀτὰρ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων\nοὐρῆάς τʼ ὄτρυνε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀξέμεν ὕλην\nπάντοθεν ἐκ κλισιῶν· ἐπὶ δʼ ἀνὴρ ἐσθλὸς ὀρώρει\nΜηριόνης θεράπων ἀγαπήνορος Ἰδομενῆος.\nοἳ δʼ ἴσαν ὑλοτόμους πελέκεας ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες\nσειράς τʼ εὐπλέκτους· πρὸ δʼ ἄρʼ οὐρῆες κίον αὐτῶν.\nπολλὰ δʼ ἄναντα κάταντα πάραντά τε δόχμιά τʼ ἦλθον·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κνημοὺς προσέβαν πολυπίδακος Ἴδης,\nαὐτίκʼ ἄρα δρῦς ὑψικόμους ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ\nτάμνον ἐπειγόμενοι· ταὶ δὲ μεγάλα κτυπέουσαι\nπῖπτον· τὰς μὲν ἔπειτα διαπλήσσοντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἔκδεον ἡμιόνων· ταὶ δὲ χθόνα ποσσὶ δατεῦντο\nἐλδόμεναι πεδίοιο διὰ ῥωπήϊα πυκνά.\nπάντες δʼ ὑλοτόμοι φιτροὺς φέρον· ὡς γὰρ ἀνώγει\nΜηριόνης θεράπων ἀγαπήνορος Ἰδομενῆος.\nκὰδ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς βάλλον ἐπισχερώ, ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nφράσσατο Πατρόκλῳ μέγα ἠρίον ἠδὲ οἷ αὐτῷ.", "en": "Thus did he speak and his words set them all weeping and mourning about the poor dumb dead, till rosy-fingered morn appeared. Then King Agamemnon sent men and mules from all parts of the camp, to bring wood, and Meriones, squire to Idomeneus, was in charge over them. They went out with woodmen’s axes and strong ropes in their hands, and before them went the mules. Up hill and down dale did they go, by straight ways and crooked, and when they reached the heights of many-fountained Ida, they laid their axes to the roots of many a tall branching oak that came thundering down as they felled it. They split the trees and bound them behind the mules, which then wended their way as they best could through the thick brushwood on to the plain. All who had been cutting wood bore logs, for so Meriones squire to Idomeneus had bidden them, and they threw them down in a line upon the sea-shore at the place where Achilles would make a mighty monument for Patroclus and for himself." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.127–143", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάντῃ παρακάββαλον ἄσπετον ὕλην\nἥατʼ ἄρʼ αὖθι μένοντες ἀολλέες. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nαὐτίκα Μυρμιδόνεσσι φιλοπτολέμοισι κέλευσε\nχαλκὸν ζώννυσθαι, ζεῦξαι δʼ ὑπʼ ὄχεσφιν ἕκαστον\nἵππους· οἳ δʼ ὄρνυντο καὶ ἐν τεύχεσσιν ἔδυνον,\nἂν δʼ ἔβαν ἐν δίφροισι παραιβάται ἡνίοχοί τε,\nπρόσθε μὲν ἱππῆες, μετὰ δὲ νέφος εἵπετο πεζῶν\nμυρίοι· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι φέρον Πάτροκλον ἑταῖροι.\nθριξὶ δὲ πάντα νέκυν καταείνυσαν, ἃς ἐπέβαλλον\nκειρόμενοι· ὄπιθεν δὲ κάρη ἔχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἀχνύμενος· ἕταρον γὰρ ἀμύμονα πέμπʼ Ἄϊδος δέ.\nοἳ δʼ ὅτε χῶρον ἵκανον ὅθί σφισι πέφραδʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nκάτθεσαν, αἶψα δέ οἱ μενοεικέα νήεον ὕλην.\nἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nστὰς ἀπάνευθε πυρῆς ξανθὴν ἀπεκείρατο χαίτην,\nτήν ῥα Σπερχειῷ ποταμῷ τρέφε τηλεθόωσαν·\nὀχθήσας δʼ ἄρα εἶπεν ἰδὼν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον·", "en": "When they had thrown down their great logs of wood over the whole ground, they stayed all of them where they were, but Achilles ordered his brave Myrmidons to gird on their armour, and to yoke each man his horses; they therefore rose, girded on their armour and mounted each his chariot, they and their charioteers with them. The chariots went before, and they that were on foot followed as a cloud in their tens of thousands after. In the midst of them his comrades bore Patroclus and covered him with the locks of their hair which they cut off and threw upon his body. Last came Achilles with his head bowed for sorrow, so noble a comrade was he taking to the house of Hades.\nWhen they came to the place of which Achilles had told them they laid the body down and built up the wood. Achilles then bethought him of another matter. He went a space away from the pyre, and cut off the yellow lock which he had let grow for the river Spercheius." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.144–160", "orig": "Σπερχείʼ ἄλλως σοί γε πατὴρ ἠρήσατο Πηλεὺς\nκεῖσέ με νοστήσαντα φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nσοί τε κόμην κερέειν ῥέξειν θʼ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην,\nπεντήκοντα δʼ ἔνορχα παρʼ αὐτόθι μῆλʼ ἱερεύσειν\nἐς πηγάς, ὅθι τοι τέμενος βωμός τε θυήεις.\nὣς ἠρᾶθʼ ὃ γέρων, σὺ δέ οἱ νόον οὐκ ἐτέλεσσας.\nνῦν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὐ νέομαί γε φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν\nΠατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ κόμην ὀπάσαιμι φέρεσθαι.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ κόμην ἑτάροιο φίλοιο\nθῆκεν, τοῖσι δὲ πᾶσιν ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο.\nκαί νύ κʼ ὀδυρομένοισιν ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο\nεἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αἶψʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι εἶπε παραστάς·\nἈτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν\nπείσονται μύθοισι, γόοιο μὲν ἔστι καὶ ἆσαι,\nνῦν δʼ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον καὶ δεῖπνον ἄνωχθι\nὅπλεσθαι· τάδε δʼ ἀμφὶ πονησόμεθʼ οἷσι μάλιστα\nκήδεός ἐστι νέκυς· παρὰ δʼ οἵ τʼ ἀγοὶ ἄμμι μενόντων.", "en": "He looked all sorrowfully out upon the dark sea, and said, “Spercheius, in vain did my father Peleus vow to you that when I returned home to my loved native land I should cut off this lock and offer you a holy hecatomb; fifty she-goats was I to sacrifice to you there at your springs, where is your grove and your altar fragrant with burnt-offerings. Thus did my father vow, but you have not fulfilled his prayer; now, therefore, that I shall see my home no more, I give this lock as a keepsake to the hero Patroclus.”\nAs he spoke he placed the lock in the hands of his dear comrade, and all who stood by were filled with yearning and lamentation. The sun would have gone down upon their mourning had not Achilles presently said to Agamemnon, “Son of Atreus, for it is to you that the people will give ear, there is a time to mourn and a time to cease from mourning; bid the people now leave the pyre and set about getting their dinners: we, to whom the dead is dearest, will see to what is wanted here, and let the other princes also stay by me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.161–176", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τό γʼ ἄκουσεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων,\nαὐτίκα λαὸν μὲν σκέδασεν κατὰ νῆας ἐΐσας,\nκηδεμόνες δὲ παρʼ αὖθι μένον καὶ νήεον ὕλην,\nποίησαν δὲ πυρὴν ἑκατόμπεδον ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,\nἐν δὲ πυρῇ ὑπάτῃ νεκρὸν θέσαν ἀχνύμενοι κῆρ.\nπολλὰ δὲ ἴφια μῆλα καὶ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς\nπρόσθε πυρῆς ἔδερόν τε καὶ ἄμφεπον· ἐκ δʼ ἄρα πάντων\nδημὸν ἑλὼν ἐκάλυψε νέκυν μεγάθυμος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, περὶ δὲ δρατὰ σώματα νήει.\nἐν δʼ ἐτίθει μέλιτος καὶ ἀλείφατος ἀμφιφορῆας\nπρὸς λέχεα κλίνων· πίσυρας δʼ ἐριαύχενας ἵππους\nἐσσυμένως ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ μεγάλα στεναχίζων.\nἐννέα τῷ γε ἄνακτι τραπεζῆες κύνες ἦσαν,\nκαὶ μὲν τῶν ἐνέβαλλε πυρῇ δύο δειροτομήσας,\nδώδεκα δὲ Τρώων μεγαθύμων υἱέας ἐσθλοὺς\nχαλκῷ δηϊόων· κακὰ δὲ φρεσὶ μήδετο ἔργα·", "en": "When King Agamemnon heard this he dismissed the people to their ships, but those who were about the dead heaped up wood and built a pyre a hundred feet this way and that; then they laid the dead all sorrowfully upon the top of it. They flayed and dressed many fat sheep and oxen before the pyre, and Achilles took fat from all of them and wrapped the body therein from head to foot, heaping the flayed carcases all round it. Against the bier he leaned two-handled jars of honey and unguents; four proud horses did he then cast upon the pyre, groaning the while he did so. The dead hero had had house-dogs; two of them did Achilles slay and threw upon the pyre; he also put twelve brave sons of noble Trojans to the sword and laid them with the rest, for he was full of bitterness and fury." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.177–192", "orig": "ἐν δὲ πυρὸς μένος ἧκε σιδήρεον ὄφρα νέμοιτο.\nᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον·\nχαῖρέ μοι ὦ Πάτροκλε καὶ εἰν Ἀΐδαο δόμοισι·\nπάντα γὰρ ἤδη τοι τελέω τὰ πάροιθεν ὑπέστην,\nδώδεκα μὲν Τρώων μεγαθύμων υἱέας ἐσθλοὺς\nτοὺς ἅμα σοὶ πάντας πῦρ ἐσθίει· Ἕκτορα δʼ οὔ τι\nδώσω Πριαμίδην πυρὶ δαπτέμεν, ἀλλὰ κύνεσσιν.\nὣς φάτʼ ἀπειλήσας· τὸν δʼ οὐ κύνες ἀμφεπένοντο,\nἀλλὰ κύνας μὲν ἄλαλκε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη\nἤματα καὶ νύκτας, ῥοδόεντι δὲ χρῖεν ἐλαίῳ\nἀμβροσίῳ, ἵνα μή μιν ἀποδρύφοι ἑλκυστάζων.\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ κυάνεον νέφος ἤγαγε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων\nοὐρανόθεν πεδίον δέ, κάλυψε δὲ χῶρον ἅπαντα\nὅσσον ἐπεῖχε νέκυς, μὴ πρὶν μένος ἠελίοιο\nσκήλειʼ ἀμφὶ περὶ χρόα ἴνεσιν ἠδὲ μέλεσσιν.\nοὐδὲ πυρὴ Πατρόκλου ἐκαίετο τεθνηῶτος·", "en": "Then he committed all to the resistless and devouring might of the fire; he groaned aloud and called on his dead comrade by name. “Fare well,” he cried, “Patroclus, even in the house of Hades; I am now doing all that I have promised you. Twelve brave sons of noble Trojans shall the flames consume along with yourself, but dogs, not fire, shall devour the flesh of Hector son of Priam.”\nThus did he vaunt, but the dogs came not about the body of Hector, for Jove’s daughter Venus kept them off him night and day, and anointed him with ambrosial oil of roses that his flesh might not be torn when Achilles was dragging him about. Phoebus Apollo moreover sent a dark cloud from heaven to earth, which gave shade to the whole place where Hector lay, that the heat of the sun might not parch his body." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.193–211", "orig": "ἔνθʼ αὖτʼ ἀλλʼ ἐνόησε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nστὰς ἀπάνευθε πυρῆς δοιοῖς ἠρᾶτʼ ἀνέμοισι\nΒορέῃ καὶ Ζεφύρῳ, καὶ ὑπίσχετο ἱερὰ καλά·\nπολλὰ δὲ καὶ σπένδων χρυσέῳ δέπαϊ λιτάνευεν\nἐλθέμεν, ὄφρα τάχιστα πυρὶ φλεγεθοίατο νεκροί,\nὕλη τε σεύαιτο καήμεναι. ὦκα δὲ Ἶρις\nἀράων ἀΐουσα μετάγγελος ἦλθʼ ἀνέμοισιν.\nοἳ μὲν ἄρα Ζεφύροιο δυσαέος ἀθρόοι ἔνδον\nεἰλαπίνην δαίνυντο· θέουσα δὲ Ἶρις ἐπέστη\nβηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ· τοὶ δʼ ὡς ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσι\nπάντες ἀνήϊξαν, κάλεόν τέ μιν εἰς ἓ ἕκαστος·\nἣ δʼ αὖθʼ ἕζεσθαι μὲν ἀνήνατο, εἶπε δὲ μῦθον·\nοὐχ ἕδος· εἶμι γὰρ αὖτις ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥέεθρα\nΑἰθιόπων ἐς γαῖαν, ὅθι ῥέζουσʼ ἑκατόμβας\nἀθανάτοις, ἵνα δὴ καὶ ἐγὼ μεταδαίσομαι ἱρῶν.\nἀλλʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Βορέην ἠδὲ Ζέφυρον κελαδεινὸν\nἐλθεῖν ἀρᾶται, καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἱερὰ καλά,\nὄφρα πυρὴν ὄρσητε καήμεναι, ᾗ ἔνι κεῖται\nΠάτροκλος, τὸν πάντες ἀναστενάχουσιν Ἀχαιοί.", "en": "Now the pyre about dead Patroclus would not kindle. Achilles therefore bethought him of another matter; he went apart and prayed to the two winds Boreas and Zephyrus vowing them goodly offerings. He made them many drink-offerings from the golden cup and besought them to come and help him that the wood might make haste to kindle and the dead bodies be consumed. Fleet Iris heard him praying and started off to fetch the winds. They were holding high feast in the house of boisterous Zephyrus when Iris came running up to the stone threshold of the house and stood there, but as soon as they set eyes on her they all came towards her and each of them called her to him, but Iris would not sit down. “I cannot stay,” she said, “I must go back to the streams of Oceanus and the land of the Ethiopians who are offering hecatombs to the immortals, and I would have my share; but Achilles prays that Boreas and shrill Zephyrus will come to him, and he vows them goodly offerings; he would have you blow upon the pyre of Patroclus for whom all the Achaeans are lamenting.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.212–225", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τοὶ δʼ ὀρέοντο\nἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ νέφεα κλονέοντε πάροιθεν.\nαἶψα δὲ πόντον ἵκανον ἀήμεναι, ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα\nπνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ· Τροίην δʼ ἐρίβωλον ἱκέσθην,\nἐν δὲ πυρῇ πεσέτην, μέγα δʼ ἴαχε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.\nπαννύχιοι δʼ ἄρα τοί γε πυρῆς ἄμυδις φλόγʼ ἔβαλλον\nφυσῶντες λιγέως· ὃ δὲ πάννυχος ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς\nχρυσέου ἐκ κρητῆρος ἑλὼν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον\nοἶνον ἀφυσσόμενος χαμάδις χέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν\nψυχὴν κικλήσκων Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο.\nὡς δὲ πατὴρ οὗ παιδὸς ὀδύρεται ὀστέα καίων\nνυμφίου, ὅς τε θανὼν δειλοὺς ἀκάχησε τοκῆας,\nὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἑτάροιο ὀδύρετο ὀστέα καίων,\nἑρπύζων παρὰ πυρκαϊὴν ἁδινὰ στεναχίζων.", "en": "With this she left them, and the two winds rose with a cry that rent the air and swept the clouds before them. They blew on and on until they came to the sea, and the waves rose high beneath them, but when they reached Troy they fell upon the pyre till the mighty flames roared under the blast that they blew. All night long did they blow hard and beat upon the fire, and all night long did Achilles grasp his double cup, drawing wine from a mixing-bowl of gold, and calling upon the spirit of dead Patroclus as he poured it upon the ground until the earth was drenched. As a father mourns when he is burning the bones of his bridegroom son whose death has wrung the hearts of his parents, even so did Achilles mourn while burning the body of his comrade, pacing round the bier with piteous groaning and lamentation." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.226–244", "orig": "ἦμος δʼ ἑωσφόρος εἶσι φόως ἐρέων ἐπὶ γαῖαν,\nὅν τε μέτα κροκόπεπλος ὑπεὶρ ἅλα κίδναται ἠώς,\nτῆμος πυρκαϊὴ ἐμαραίνετο, παύσατο δὲ φλόξ.\nοἳ δʼ ἄνεμοι πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαν οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι\nΘρηΐκιον κατὰ πόντον· ὃ δʼ ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς ἑτέρωσε λιασθεὶς\nκλίνθη κεκμηώς, ἐπὶ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ὄρουσεν·\nοἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐωνα ἀολλέες ἠγερέθοντο·\nτῶν μιν ἐπερχομένων ὅμαδος καὶ δοῦπος ἔγειρεν,\nἕζετο δʼ ὀρθωθεὶς καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἈτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν,\nπρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσατʼ αἴθοπι οἴνῳ\nπᾶσαν, ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nὀστέα Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο λέγωμεν\nεὖ διαγιγνώσκοντες· ἀριφραδέα δὲ τέτυκται·\nἐν μέσσῃ γὰρ ἔκειτο πυρῇ, τοὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἄνευθεν\nἐσχατιῇ καίοντʼ ἐπιμὶξ ἵπποι τε καὶ ἄνδρες.\nκαὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν χρυσέῃ φιάλῃ καὶ δίπλακι δημῷ\nθείομεν, εἰς ὅ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼν Ἄϊδι κεύθωμαι.", "en": "At length as the Morning Star was beginning to herald the light which saffron-mantled Dawn was soon to suffuse over the sea, the flames fell and the fire began to die. The winds then went home beyond the Thracian sea, which roared and boiled as they swept over it. The son of Peleus now turned away from the pyre and lay down, overcome with toil, till he fell into a sweet slumber. Presently they who were about the son of Atreus drew near in a body, and roused him with the noise and tramp of their coming. He sat upright and said, “Son of Atreus, and all other princes of the Achaeans, first pour red wine everywhere upon the fire and quench it; let us then gather the bones of Patroclus son of Menoetius, singling them out with care; they are easily found, for they lie in the middle of the pyre, while all else, both men and horses, has been thrown in a heap and burned at the outer edge. We will lay the bones in a golden urn, in two layers of fat, against the time when I shall myself go down into the house of Hades." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.245–261", "orig": "τύμβον δʼ οὐ μάλα πολλὸν ἐγὼ πονέεσθαι ἄνωγα,\nἀλλʼ ἐπιεικέα τοῖον· ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἀχαιοὶ\nεὐρύν θʼ ὑψηλόν τε τιθήμεναι, οἵ κεν ἐμεῖο\nδεύτεροι ἐν νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι λίπησθε.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐπίθοντο ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι.\nπρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ\nὅσσον ἐπὶ φλὸξ ἦλθε, βαθεῖα δὲ κάππεσε τέφρη·\nκλαίοντες δʼ ἑτάροιο ἐνηέος ὀστέα λευκὰ\nἄλλεγον ἐς χρυσέην φιάλην καὶ δίπλακα δημόν,\nἐν κλισίῃσι δὲ θέντες ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν·\nτορνώσαντο δὲ σῆμα θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο\nἀμφὶ πυρήν· εἶθαρ δὲ χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν,\nχεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα πάλιν κίον. αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nαὐτοῦ λαὸν ἔρυκε καὶ ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀγῶνα,\nνηῶν δʼ ἔκφερʼ ἄεθλα λέβητάς τε τρίποδάς τε\nἵππους θʼ ἡμιόνους τε βοῶν τʼ ἴφθιμα κάρηνα,\nἠδὲ γυναῖκας ἐϋζώνους πολιόν τε σίδηρον.", "en": "As for the barrow, labour not to raise a great one now, but such as is reasonable. Afterwards, let those Achaeans who may be left at the ships when I am gone, build it both broad and high.”\nThus he spoke and they obeyed the word of the son of Peleus. First they poured red wine upon the thick layer of ashes and quenched the fire. With many tears they singled out the whitened bones of their loved comrade and laid them within a golden urn in two layers of fat: they then covered the urn with a linen cloth and took it inside the tent. They marked off the circle where the barrow should be, made a foundation for it about the pyre, and forthwith heaped up the earth. When they had thus raised a mound they were going away, but Achilles stayed the people and made them sit in assembly. He brought prizes from the ships, cauldrons, tripods, horses and mules, noble oxen, women with fair girdles, and swart iron." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.262–282", "orig": "ἱππεῦσιν μὲν πρῶτα ποδώκεσιν ἀγλάʼ ἄεθλα\nθῆκε γυναῖκα ἄγεσθαι ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυῖαν\nκαὶ τρίποδʼ ὠτώεντα δυωκαιεικοσίμετρον\nτῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ ἵππον ἔθηκεν\nἑξέτεʼ ἀδμήτην βρέφος ἡμίονον κυέουσαν·\nαὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ ἄπυρον κατέθηκε λέβητα\nκαλὸν τέσσαρα μέτρα κεχανδότα λευκὸν ἔτʼ αὔτως·\nτῷ δὲ τετάρτῳ θῆκε δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα,\nπέμπτῳ δʼ ἀμφίθετον φιάλην ἀπύρωτον ἔθηκε.\nστῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nἈτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἱππῆας τάδʼ ἄεθλα δεδεγμένα κεῖτʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι.\nεἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν Ἀχαιοὶ\nἦ τʼ ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα λαβὼν κλισίην δὲ φεροίμην.\nἴστε γὰρ ὅσσον ἐμοὶ ἀρετῇ περιβάλλετον ἵπποι·\nἀθάνατοί τε γάρ εἰσι, Ποσειδάων δὲ πόρʼ αὐτοὺς\nπατρὶ ἐμῷ Πηλῆϊ, ὃ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐμοὶ ἐγγυάλιξεν.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι·\nτοίου γὰρ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσαν ἡνιόχοιο\nἠπίου, ὅς σφωϊν μάλα πολλάκις ὑγρὸν ἔλαιον\nχαιτάων κατέχευε λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ.", "en": "The first prize he offered was for the chariot races, a woman skilled in all useful arts, and a three-legged cauldron that had ears for handles, and would hold twenty-two measures. This was for the man who came in first. For the second there was a six-year old mare, unbroken, and in foal to a he-ass; the third was to have a goodly cauldron that had never yet been on the fire; it was still bright as when it left the maker, and would hold four measures. The fourth prize was two talents of gold, and the fifth a two-handled urn as yet unsoiled by smoke. Then he stood up and spoke among the Argives saying:\n“Son of Atreus, and all other Achaeans, these are the prizes that lie waiting the winners of the chariot races. At any other time I should carry off the first prize and take it to my own tent; you know how far my steeds excel all others, for they are immortal; Neptune gave them to my father Peleus, who in his turn gave them to myself; but I shall hold aloof, I and my steeds that have lost their brave and kind driver, who many a time has washed them in clear water and anointed their manes with oil." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.283–300", "orig": "τὸν τώ γʼ ἑσταότες πενθείετον, οὔδεϊ δέ σφι\nχαῖται ἐρηρέδαται, τὼ δʼ ἕστατον ἀχνυμένω κῆρ.\nἄλλοι δὲ στέλλεσθε κατὰ στρατόν, ὅς τις Ἀχαιῶν\nἵπποισίν τε πέποιθε καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν.\nὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ταχέες δʼ ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν.\nὦρτο πολὺ πρῶτος μὲν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὔμηλος\nἈδμήτου φίλος υἱός, ὃς ἱπποσύνῃ ἐκέκαστο·\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο κρατερὸς Διομήδης,\nἵππους δὲ Τρῳοὺς ὕπαγε ζυγόν, οὕς ποτʼ ἀπηύρα\nΑἰνείαν, ἀτὰρ αὐτὸν ὑπεξεσάωσεν Ἀπόλλων.\nτῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδης ὦρτο ξανθὸς Μενέλαος\nδιογενής, ὑπὸ δὲ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ὠκέας ἵππους\nΑἴθην τὴν Ἀγαμεμνονέην τὸν ἑόν τε Πόδαργον·\nτὴν Ἀγαμέμνονι δῶκʼ Ἀγχισιάδης Ἐχέπωλος\nδῶρʼ, ἵνα μή οἱ ἕποιθʼ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν,\nἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ τέρποιτο μένων· μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκε\nΖεὺς ἄφενος, ναῖεν δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν εὐρυχόρῳ Σικυῶνι·\nτὴν ὅ γʼ ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἦγε μέγα δρόμου ἰσχανόωσαν.", "en": "See how they stand weeping here, with their manes trailing on the ground in the extremity of their sorrow. But do you others set yourselves in order throughout the host, whosoever has confidence in his horses and in the strength of his chariot.”\nThus spoke the son of Peleus and the drivers of chariots bestirred themselves. First among them all uprose Eumelus, king of men, son of Admetus, a man excellent in horsemanship. Next to him rose mighty Diomed son of Tydeus; he yoked the Trojan horses which he had taken from Aeneas, when Apollo bore him out of the fight. Next to him, yellow-haired Menelaus son of Atreus rose and yoked his fleet horses, Agamemnon’s mare Aethe, and his own horse Podargus. The mare had been given to Agamemnon by Echepolus son of Anchises, that he might not have to follow him to Ilius, but might stay at home and take his ease; for Jove had endowed him with great wealth and he lived in spacious Sicyon. This mare, all eager for the race, did Menelaus put under the yoke." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.301–318", "orig": "Ἀντίλοχος δὲ τέταρτος ἐΰτριχας ὁπλίσαθʼ ἵππους,\nΝέστορος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς ὑπερθύμοιο ἄνακτος\nτοῦ Νηληϊάδαο· Πυλοιγενέες δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nὠκύποδες φέρον ἅρμα· πατὴρ δέ οἱ ἄγχι παραστὰς\nμυθεῖτʼ εἰς ἀγαθὰ φρονέων νοέοντι καὶ αὐτῷ·\nἈντίλοχʼ ἤτοι μέν σε νέον περ ἐόντʼ ἐφίλησαν\nΖεύς τε Ποσειδάων τε, καὶ ἱπποσύνας ἐδίδαξαν\nπαντοίας· τὼ καί σε διδασκέμεν οὔ τι μάλα χρεώ·\nοἶσθα γὰρ εὖ περὶ τέρμαθʼ ἑλισσέμεν· ἀλλά τοι ἵπποι\nβάρδιστοι θείειν· τώ τʼ οἴω λοίγιʼ ἔσεσθαι.\nτῶν δʼ ἵπποι μὲν ἔασιν ἀφάρτεροι, οὐδὲ μὲν αὐτοὶ\nπλείονα ἴσασιν σέθεν αὐτοῦ μητίσασθαι.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ σὺ φίλος μῆτιν ἐμβάλλεο θυμῷ\nπαντοίην, ἵνα μή σε παρεκπροφύγῃσιν ἄεθλα.\nμήτι τοι δρυτόμος μέγʼ ἀμείνων ἠὲ βίηφι·\nμήτι δʼ αὖτε κυβερνήτης ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ\nνῆα θοὴν ἰθύνει ἐρεχθομένην ἀνέμοισι·\nμήτι δʼ ἡνίοχος περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο.", "en": "Fourth in order Antilochus, son to noble Nestor son of Neleus, made ready his horses. These were bred in Pylos, and his father came up to him to give him good advice of which, however, he stood in but little need. “Antilochus,” said Nestor, “you are young, but Jove and Neptune have loved you well, and have made you an excellent horseman. I need not therefore say much by way of instruction. You are skilful at wheeling your horses round the post, but the horses themselves are very slow, and it is this that will, I fear, mar your chances. The other drivers know less than you do, but their horses are fleeter; therefore, my dear son, see if you cannot hit upon some artifice whereby you may insure that the prize shall not slip through your fingers. The woodman does more by skill than by brute force; by skill the pilot guides his storm-tossed barque over the sea, and so by skill one driver can beat another." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.319–333", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὃς μέν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασιν οἷσι πεποιθὼς\nἀφραδέως ἐπὶ πολλὸν ἑλίσσεται ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα,\nἵπποι δὲ πλανόωνται ἀνὰ δρόμον, οὐδὲ κατίσχει·\nὃς δέ κε κέρδεα εἰδῇ ἐλαύνων ἥσσονας ἵππους,\nαἰεὶ τέρμʼ ὁρόων στρέφει ἐγγύθεν, οὐδέ ἑ λήθει\nὅππως τὸ πρῶτον τανύσῃ βοέοισιν ἱμᾶσιν,\nἀλλʼ ἔχει ἀσφαλέως καὶ τὸν προὔχοντα δοκεύει.\nσῆμα δέ τοι ἐρέω μάλʼ ἀριφραδές, οὐδέ σε λήσει.\nἕστηκε ξύλον αὖον ὅσον τʼ ὄργυιʼ ὑπὲρ αἴης\nἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης· τὸ μὲν οὐ καταπύθεται ὄμβρῳ,\nλᾶε δὲ τοῦ ἑκάτερθεν ἐρηρέδαται δύο λευκὼ\nἐν ξυνοχῇσιν ὁδοῦ, λεῖος δʼ ἱππόδρομος ἀμφὶς\nἤ τευ σῆμα βροτοῖο πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος,\nἢ τό γε νύσσα τέτυκτο ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων,\nκαὶ νῦν τέρματʼ ἔθηκε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.", "en": "If a man go wide in rounding this way and that, whereas a man who knows what he is doing may have worse horses, but he will keep them well in hand when he sees the doubling-post; he knows the precise moment at which to pull the rein, and keeps his eye well on the man in front of him. I will give you this certain token which cannot escape your notice. There is a stump of a dead tree, oak or pine as it may be, some six feet above the ground, and not yet rotted away by rain; it stands at the fork of the road; it has two white stones set one on each side, and there is a clear course all round it." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.334–348", "orig": "τῷ σὺ μάλʼ ἐγχρίμψας ἐλάαν σχεδὸν ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους,\nαὐτὸς δὲ κλινθῆναι ἐϋπλέκτῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ\nἦκʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ τοῖιν· ἀτὰρ τὸν δεξιὸν ἵππον\nκένσαι ὁμοκλήσας, εἶξαί τέ οἱ ἡνία χερσίν.\nἐν νύσσῃ δέ τοι ἵππος ἀριστερὸς ἐγχριμφθήτω,\nὡς ἄν τοι πλήμνη γε δοάσσεται ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι\nκύκλου ποιητοῖο· λίθου δʼ ἀλέασθαι ἐπαυρεῖν,\nμή πως ἵππους τε τρώσῃς κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξῃς·\nχάρμα δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοισιν, ἐλεγχείη δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ\nἔσσεται· ἀλλὰ φίλος φρονέων πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι.\nεἰ γάρ κʼ ἐν νύσσῃ γε παρεξελάσῃσθα διώκων,\nοὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅς κέ σʼ ἕλῃσι μετάλμενος οὐδὲ παρέλθῃ,\nοὐδʼ εἴ κεν μετόπισθεν Ἀρίονα δῖον ἐλαύνοι\nἈδρήστου ταχὺν ἵππον, ὃς ἐκ θεόφιν γένος ἦεν,\nἢ τοὺς Λαομέδοντος, οἳ ἐνθάδε γʼ ἔτραφεν ἐσθλοί.", "en": "It may have been a monument to some one long since dead, or it may have been used as a doubling-post in days gone by; now, however, it has been fixed on by Achilles as the mark round which the chariots shall turn; hug it as close as you can, but as you stand in your chariot lean over a little to the left; urge on your right-hand horse with voice and lash, and give him a loose rein, but let the left-hand horse keep so close in, that the nave of your wheel shall almost graze the post; but mind the stone, or you will wound your horses and break your chariot in pieces, which would be sport for others but confusion for yourself. Therefore, my dear son, mind well what you are about, for if you can be first to round the post there is no chance of any one giving you the go-by later, not even though you had Adrestus’s horse Arion behind you, a horse which is of divine race, or those of Laomedon, which are the noblest in this country.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.349–360", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν Νέστωρ Νηλήϊος ἂψ ἐνὶ χώρῃ\nἕζετʼ, ἐπεὶ ᾧ παιδὶ ἑκάστου πείρατʼ ἔειπε.\nΜηριόνης δʼ ἄρα πέμπτος ἐΰτριχας ὁπλίσαθʼ ἵππους.\nἂν δʼ ἔβαν ἐς δίφρους, ἐν δὲ κλήρους ἐβάλοντο·\nπάλλʼ Ἀχιλεύς, ἐκ δὲ κλῆρος θόρε Νεστορίδαο\nἈντιλόχου· μετὰ τὸν δʼ ἔλαχε κρείων Εὔμηλος·\nτῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδης δουρὶ κλειτὸς Μενέλαος,\nτῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Μηριόνης λάχʼ ἐλαυνέμεν· ὕστατος αὖτε\nΤυδεΐδης ὄχʼ ἄριστος ἐὼν λάχʼ ἐλαυνέμεν ἵππους.\nστὰν δὲ μεταστοιχί, σήμηνε δὲ τέρματʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nτηλόθεν ἐν λείῳ πεδίῳ· παρὰ δὲ σκοπὸν εἷσεν\nἀντίθεον Φοίνικα ὀπάονα πατρὸς ἑοῖο,", "en": "When Nestor had made an end of counselling his son he sat down in his place, and fifth in order Meriones got ready his horses. They then all mounted their chariots and cast lots. Achilles shook the helmet, and the lot of Antilochus son of Nestor fell out first; next came that of King Eumelus, and after his, those of Menelaus son of Atreus and of Meriones. The last place fell to the lot of Diomed son of Tydeus, who was the best man of them all. They took their places in line; Achilles showed them the doubling-post round which they were to turn, some way off upon the plain; here he stationed his father’s follower Phoenix as umpire, to note the running, and report truly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.361–372", "orig": "ὡς μεμνέῳτο δρόμους καὶ ἀληθείην ἀποείποι.\nοἳ δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἐφʼ ἵπποιιν μάστιγας ἄειραν,\nπέπληγόν θʼ ἱμᾶσιν, ὁμόκλησάν τʼ ἐπέεσσιν\nἐσσυμένως· οἳ δʼ ὦκα διέπρησσον πεδίοιο\nνόσφι νεῶν ταχέως· ὑπὸ δὲ στέρνοισι κονίη\nἵστατʼ ἀειρομένη ὥς τε νέφος ἠὲ θύελλα,\nχαῖται δʼ ἐρρώοντο μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο.\nἅρματα δʼ ἄλλοτε μὲν χθονὶ πίλνατο πουλυβοτείρῃ,\nἄλλοτε δʼ ἀΐξασκε μετήορα· τοὶ δʼ ἐλατῆρες\nἕστασαν ἐν δίφροισι, πάτασσε δὲ θυμὸς ἑκάστου\nνίκης ἱεμένων· κέκλοντο δὲ οἷσιν ἕκαστος\nἵπποις, οἳ δʼ ἐπέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο.", "en": "At the same instant they all of them lashed their horses, struck them with the reins, and shouted at them with all their might. They flew full speed over the plain away from the ships, the dust rose from under them as it were a cloud or whirlwind, and their manes were all flying in the wind. At one moment the chariots seemed to touch the ground, and then again they bounded into the air; the drivers stood erect, and their hearts beat fast and furious in their lust of victory. Each kept calling on his horses, and the horses scoured the plain amid the clouds of dust that they raised." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.373–387", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πύματον τέλεον δρόμον ὠκέες ἵπποι\nἂψ ἐφʼ ἁλὸς πολιῆς, τότε δὴ ἀρετή γε ἑκάστου\nφαίνετʼ, ἄφαρ δʼ ἵπποισι τάθη δρόμος· ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα\nαἳ Φηρητιάδαο ποδώκεες ἔκφερον ἵπποι.\nτὰς δὲ μετʼ ἐξέφερον Διομήδεος ἄρσενες ἵπποι\nΤρώϊοι, οὐδέ τι πολλὸν ἄνευθʼ ἔσαν, ἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐγγύς·\nαἰεὶ γὰρ δίφρου ἐπιβησομένοισιν ἐΐκτην,\nπνοιῇ δʼ Εὐμήλοιο μετάφρενον εὐρέε τʼ ὤμω\nθέρμετʼ· ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γὰρ κεφαλὰς καταθέντε πετέσθην.\nκαί νύ κεν ἢ παρέλασσʼ ἢ ἀμφήριστον ἔθηκεν,\nεἰ μὴ Τυδέος υἷϊ κοτέσσατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,\nὅς ῥά οἱ ἐκ χειρῶν ἔβαλεν μάστιγα φαεινήν.\nτοῖο δʼ ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν χύτο δάκρυα χωομένοιο,\nοὕνεκα τὰς μὲν ὅρα ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἰούσας,\nοἳ δέ οἱ ἐβλάφθησαν ἄνευ κέντροιο θέοντες.", "en": "It was when they were doing the last part of the course on their way back towards the sea that their pace was strained to the utmost and it was seen what each could do. The horses of the descendant of Pheres now took the lead, and close behind them came the Trojan stallions of Diomed. They seemed as if about to mount Eumelus’s chariot, and he could feel their warm breath on his back and on his broad shoulders, for their heads were close to him as they flew over the course. Diomed would have now passed him, or there would have been a dead heat, but Phoebus Apollo to spite him made him drop his whip. Tears of anger fell from his eyes as he saw the mares going on faster than ever, while his own horses lost ground through his having no whip." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.388–400", "orig": "οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθηναίην ἐλεφηράμενος λάθʼ Ἀπόλλων\nΤυδεΐδην, μάλα δʼ ὦκα μετέσσυτο ποιμένα λαῶν,\nδῶκε δέ οἱ μάστιγα, μένος δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐνῆκεν·\nἣ δὲ μετʼ Ἀδμήτου υἱὸν κοτέουσʼ ἐβεβήκει,\nἵππειον δέ οἱ ἦξε θεὰ ζυγόν· αἳ δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nἀμφὶς ὁδοῦ δραμέτην, ῥυμὸς δʼ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἐλύσθη.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο παρὰ τροχὸν ἐξεκυλίσθη,\nἀγκῶνάς τε περιδρύφθη στόμα τε ῥῖνάς τε,\nθρυλίχθη δὲ μέτωπον ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι· τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε\nδακρυόφι πλῆσθεν, θαλερὴ δέ οἱ ἔσχετο φωνή.\nΤυδεΐδης δὲ παρατρέψας ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους,\nπολλὸν τῶν ἄλλων ἐξάλμενος· ἐν γὰρ Ἀθήνη\nἵπποις ἧκε μένος καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ κῦδος ἔθηκε.", "en": "Minerva saw the trick which Apollo had played the son of Tydeus, so she brought him his whip and put spirit into his horses; moreover she went after the son of Admetus in a rage and broke his yoke for him; the mares went one to one side of the course, and the other to the other, and the pole was broken against the ground. Eumelus was thrown from his chariot close to the wheel; his elbows, mouth, and nostrils were all torn, and his forehead was bruised above his eyebrows; his eyes filled with tears and he could find no utterance. But the son of Tydeus turned his horses aside and shot far ahead, for Minerva put fresh strength into them and covered Diomed himself with glory." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.401–416", "orig": "τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εἶχε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος.\nἈντίλοχος δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο πατρὸς ἑοῖο·\nἔμβητον καὶ σφῶϊ· τιταίνετον ὅττι τάχιστα.\nἤτοι μὲν κείνοισιν ἐριζέμεν οὔ τι κελεύω\nΤυδεΐδεω ἵπποισι δαΐφρονος, οἷσιν Ἀθήνη\nνῦν ὤρεξε τάχος καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ κῦδος ἔθηκεν·\nἵππους δʼ Ἀτρεΐδαο κιχάνετε, μὴ δὲ λίπησθον,\nκαρπαλίμως, μὴ σφῶϊν ἐλεγχείην καταχεύῃ\nΑἴθη θῆλυς ἐοῦσα· τί ἢ λείπεσθε φέριστοι;\nὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μὴν τετελεσμένον ἔσται·\nοὐ σφῶϊν κομιδὴ παρὰ Νέστορι ποιμένι λαῶν\nἔσσεται, αὐτίκα δʼ ὔμμε κατακτενεῖ ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ,\nαἴ κʼ ἀποκηδήσαντε φερώμεθα χεῖρον ἄεθλον.\nἀλλʼ ἐφομαρτεῖτον καὶ σπεύδετον ὅττι τάχιστα·\nταῦτα δʼ ἐγὼν αὐτὸς τεχνήσομαι ἠδὲ νοήσω\nστεινωπῷ ἐν ὁδῷ παραδύμεναι, οὐδέ με λήσει.", "en": "Menelaus son of Atreus came next behind him, but Antilochus called to his father’s horses. “On with you both,” he cried, “and do your very utmost. I do not bid you try to beat the steeds of the son of Tydeus, for Minerva has put running into them, and has covered Diomed with glory; but you must overtake the horses of the son of Atreus and not be left behind, or Aethe who is so fleet will taunt you. Why, my good fellows, are you lagging? I tell you, and it shall surely be, Nestor will keep neither of you, but will put both of you to the sword, if we win any the worse a prize through your carelessness. Fly after them at your utmost speed; I will hit on a plan for passing them in a narrow part of the way, and it shall not fail me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.417–428", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ ἄνακτος ὑποδείσαντες ὁμοκλὴν\nμᾶλλον ἐπιδραμέτην ὀλίγον χρόνον· αἶψα δʼ ἔπειτα\nστεῖνος ὁδοῦ κοίλης ἴδεν Ἀντίλοχος μενεχάρμης.\nῥωχμὸς ἔην γαίης, ᾗ χειμέριον ἀλὲν ὕδωρ\nἐξέρρηξεν ὁδοῖο, βάθυνε δὲ χῶρον ἅπαντα·\nτῇ ῥʼ εἶχεν Μενέλαος ἁματροχιὰς ἀλεείνων.\nἈντίλοχος δὲ παρατρέψας ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους\nἐκτὸς ὁδοῦ, ὀλίγον δὲ παρακλίνας ἐδίωκεν.\nἈτρεΐδης δʼ ἔδεισε καὶ Ἀντιλόχῳ ἐγεγώνει·\nἈντίλοχʼ ἀφραδέως ἱππάζεαι, ἀλλʼ ἄνεχʼ ἵππους·\nστεινωπὸς γὰρ ὁδός, τάχα δʼ εὐρυτέρη παρελάσσαι·\nμή πως ἀμφοτέρους δηλήσεαι ἅρματι κύρσας.", "en": "They feared the rebuke of their master, and for a short space went quicker. Presently Antilochus saw a narrow place where the road had sunk. The ground was broken, for the winter’s rain had gathered and had worn the road so that the whole place was deepened. Menelaus was making towards it so as to get there first, for fear of a foul, but Antilochus turned his horses out of the way, and followed him a little on one side. The son of Atreus was afraid and shouted out, “Antilochus, you are driving recklessly; rein in your horses; the road is too narrow here, it will be wider soon, and you can pass me then; if you foul my chariot you may bring both of us to a mischief.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.429–447", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἔλαυνε\nκέντρῳ ἐπισπέρχων ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς.\nὅσσα δὲ δίσκου οὖρα κατωμαδίοιο πέλονται,\nὅν τʼ αἰζηὸς ἀφῆκεν ἀνὴρ πειρώμενος ἥβης,\nτόσσον ἐπιδραμέτην· αἳ δʼ ἠρώησαν ὀπίσσω\nἈτρεΐδεω· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἑκὼν μεθέηκεν ἐλαύνειν\nμή πως συγκύρσειαν ὁδῷ ἔνι μώνυχες ἵπποι,\nδίφρους τʼ ἀνστρέψειαν ἐϋπλεκέας, κατὰ δʼ αὐτοὶ\nἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ἐπειγόμενοι περὶ νίκης.\nτὸν καὶ νεικείων προσέφη ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·\nἈντίλοχʼ οὔ τις σεῖο βροτῶν ὀλοώτερος ἄλλος·\nἔρρʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ σʼ ἔτυμόν γε φάμεν πεπνῦσθαι Ἀχαιοί.\nἀλλʼ οὐ μὰν οὐδʼ ὧς ἄτερ ὅρκου οἴσῃ ἄεθλον.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο φώνησέν τε·\nμή μοι ἐρύκεσθον μὴ δʼ ἕστατον ἀχνυμένω κῆρ.\nφθήσονται τούτοισι πόδες καὶ γοῦνα καμόντα\nἢ ὑμῖν· ἄμφω γὰρ ἀτέμβονται νεότητος.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ ἄνακτος ὑποδείσαντες ὁμοκλὴν\nμᾶλλον ἐπιδραμέτην, τάχα δέ σφισιν ἄγχι γένοντο.", "en": "But Antilochus plied his whip, and drove faster, as though he had not heard him. They went side by side for about as far as a young man can hurl a disc from his shoulder when he is trying his strength, and then Menelaus’s mares drew behind, for he left off driving for fear the horses should foul one another and upset the chariots; thus, while pressing on in quest of victory, they might both come headlong to the ground. Menelaus then upbraided Antilochus and said, “There is no greater trickster living than you are; go, and bad luck go with you; the Achaeans say not well that you have understanding, and come what may you shall not bear away the prize without sworn protest on my part.”\nThen he called on his horses and said to them, “Keep your pace, and slacken not; the limbs of the other horses will weary sooner than yours, for they are neither of them young.”\nThe horses feared the rebuke of their master, and went faster, so that they were soon nearly up with the others." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.448–466", "orig": "Ἀργεῖοι δʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι καθήμενοι εἰσορόωντο\nἵππους· τοὶ δὲ πέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο.\nπρῶτος δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἐφράσαθʼ ἵππους·\nἧστο γὰρ ἐκτὸς ἀγῶνος ὑπέρτατος ἐν περιωπῇ·\nτοῖο δʼ ἄνευθεν ἐόντος ὁμοκλητῆρος ἀκούσας\nἔγνω, φράσσατο δʼ ἵππον ἀριπρεπέα προὔχοντα,\nὃς τὸ μὲν ἄλλο τόσον φοῖνιξ ἦν, ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ\nλευκὸν σῆμα τέτυκτο περίτροχον ἠΰτε μήνη.\nστῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nὦ φίλοι Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nοἶος ἐγὼν ἵππους αὐγάζομαι ἦε καὶ ὑμεῖς;\nἄλλοι μοι δοκέουσι παροίτεροι ἔμμεναι ἵπποι,\nἄλλος δʼ ἡνίοχος ἰνδάλλεται· αἳ δέ που αὐτοῦ\nἔβλαβεν ἐν πεδίῳ, αἳ κεῖσέ γε φέρτεραι ἦσαν·\nἤτοι γὰρ τὰς πρῶτα ἴδον περὶ τέρμα βαλούσας,\nνῦν δʼ οὔ πῃ δύναμαι ἰδέειν· πάντῃ δέ μοι ὄσσε\nΤρωϊκὸν ἂμ πεδίον παπταίνετον εἰσορόωντι·\nἦε τὸν ἡνίοχον φύγον ἡνία, οὐδὲ δυνάσθη\nεὖ σχεθέειν περὶ τέρμα καὶ οὐκ ἐτύχησεν ἑλίξας·", "en": "Meanwhile the Achaeans from their seats were watching how the horses went, as they scoured the plain amid clouds of their own dust. Idomeneus captain of the Cretans was first to make out the running, for he was not in the thick of the crowd, but stood on the most commanding part of the ground. The driver was a long way off, but Idomeneus could hear him shouting, and could see the foremost horse quite plainly, a chestnut with a round white star, like the moon, on its forehead. He stood up and said among the Argives, “My friends, princes and counsellors of the Argives, can you see the running as well as I can? There seems to be another pair in front now, and another driver; those that led off at the start must have been disabled out on the plain. I saw them at first making their way round the doubling-post, but now, though I search the plain of Troy, I cannot find them. Perhaps the reins fell from the driver’s hand so that he lost command of his horses at the doubling-post, and could not turn it." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.467–481", "orig": "ἔνθά μιν ἐκπεσέειν ὀΐω σύν θʼ ἅρματα ἆξαι,\nαἳ δʼ ἐξηρώησαν, ἐπεὶ μένος ἔλλαβε θυμόν.\nἀλλὰ ἴδεσθε καὶ ὔμμες ἀνασταδόν· οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε\nεὖ διαγιγνώσκω· δοκέει δέ μοι ἔμμεναι ἀνὴρ\nΑἰτωλὸς γενεήν, μετὰ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάσσει\nΤυδέος ἱπποδάμου υἱὸς κρατερὸς Διομήδης.\nτὸν δʼ αἰσχρῶς ἐνένιπεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας·\nἸδομενεῦ τί πάρος λαβρεύεαι; αἳ δέ τʼ ἄνευθεν\nἵπποι ἀερσίποδες πολέος πεδίοιο δίενται.\nοὔτε νεώτατός ἐσσι μετʼ Ἀργείοισι τοσοῦτον,\nοὔτέ τοι ὀξύτατον κεφαλῆς ἐκδέρκεται ὄσσε·\nἀλλʼ αἰεὶ μύθοις λαβρεύεαι· οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ\nλαβραγόρην ἔμεναι· πάρα γὰρ καὶ ἀμείνονες ἄλλοι.\nἵπποι δʼ αὐταὶ ἔασι παροίτεραι, αἳ τὸ πάρος περ,\nΕὐμήλου, ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔχων εὔληρα βέβηκε.", "en": "I suppose he must have been thrown out there, and broken his chariot, while his mares have left the course and gone off wildly in a panic. Come up and see for yourselves, I cannot make out for certain, but the driver seems an Aetolian by descent, ruler over the Argives, brave Diomed the son of Tydeus.”\nAjax the son of Oileus took him up rudely and said, “Idomeneus, why should you be in such a hurry to tell us all about it, when the mares are still so far out upon the plain? You are none of the youngest, nor your eyes none of the sharpest, but you are always laying down the law. You have no right to do so, for there are better men here than you are. Eumelus’s horses are in front now, as they always have been, and he is on the chariot holding the reins.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.482–499", "orig": "τὸν δὲ χολωσάμενος Κρητῶν ἀγὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nΑἶαν νεῖκος ἄριστε κακοφραδὲς ἄλλά τε πάντα\nδεύεαι Ἀργείων, ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀπηνής.\nδεῦρό νυν ἢ τρίποδος περιδώμεθον ἠὲ λέβητος,\nἴστορα δʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Ἀγαμέμνονα θείομεν ἄμφω,\nὁππότεραι πρόσθʼ ἵπποι, ἵνα γνώῃς ἀποτίνων.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, ὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας\nχωόμενος χαλεποῖσιν ἀμείψασθαι ἐπέεσσι·\nκαί νύ κε δὴ προτέρω ἔτʼ ἔρις γένετʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν,\nεἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτὸς ἀνίστατο καὶ φάτο μῦθον·\nμηκέτι νῦν χαλεποῖσιν ἀμείβεσθον ἐπέεσσιν\nΑἶαν Ἰδομενεῦ τε κακοῖς, ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ἔοικε.\nκαὶ δʼ ἄλλῳ νεμεσᾶτον ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι.\nἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς ἐν ἀγῶνι καθήμενοι εἰσοράασθε\nἵππους· οἳ δὲ τάχʼ αὐτοὶ ἐπειγόμενοι περὶ νίκης\nἐνθάδʼ ἐλεύσονται· τότε δὲ γνώσεσθε ἕκαστος\nἵππους Ἀργείων, οἳ δεύτεροι οἵ τε πάροιθεν.\nὣς φάτο, Τυδεΐδης δὲ μάλα σχεδὸν ἦλθε διώκων,", "en": "The captain of the Cretans was angry, and answered, “Ajax you are an excellent railer, but you have no judgement, and are wanting in much else as well, for you have a vile temper. I will wager you a tripod or cauldron, and Agamemnon son of Atreus shall decide whose horses are first. You will then know to your cost.”\nAjax son of Oileus was for making him an angry answer, and there would have been yet further brawling between them, had not Achilles risen in his place and said, “Cease your railing, Ajax and Idomeneus; it is not seemly; you would be scandalised if you saw any one else do the like: sit down and keep your eyes on the horses; they are speeding towards the winning-post and will be here directly. You will then both of you know whose horses are first, and whose come after.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.500–513", "orig": "μάστι δʼ αἰὲν ἔλαυνε κατωμαδόν· οἳ δέ οἱ ἵπποι\nὑψόσʼ ἀειρέσθην ῥίμφα πρήσσοντε κέλευθον.\nαἰεὶ δʼ ἡνίοχον κονίης ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον,\nἅρματα δὲ χρυσῷ πεπυκασμένα κασσιτέρῳ τε\nἵπποις ὠκυπόδεσσιν ἐπέτρεχον· οὐδέ τι πολλὴ\nγίγνετʼ ἐπισσώτρων ἁρματροχιὴ κατόπισθεν\nἐν λεπτῇ κονίῃ· τὼ δὲ σπεύδοντε πετέσθην.\nστῆ δὲ μέσῳ ἐν ἀγῶνι, πολὺς δʼ ἀνεκήκιεν ἱδρὼς\nἵππων ἔκ τε λόφων καὶ ἀπὸ στέρνοιο χαμᾶζε.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐκ δίφροιο χαμαὶ θόρε παμφανόωντος,\nκλῖνε δʼ ἄρα μάστιγα ποτὶ ζυγόν· οὐδὲ μάτησεν\nἴφθιμος Σθένελος, ἀλλʼ ἐσσυμένως λάβʼ ἄεθλον,\nδῶκε δʼ ἄγειν ἑτάροισιν ὑπερθύμοισι γυναῖκα\nκαὶ τρίποδʼ ὠτώεντα φέρειν· ὃ δʼ ἔλυεν ὑφʼ ἵππους.", "en": "As he was speaking, the son of Tydeus came driving in, plying his whip lustily from his shoulder, and his horses stepping high as they flew over the course. The sand and grit rained thick on the driver, and the chariot inlaid with gold and tin ran close behind his fleet horses. There was little trace of wheel-marks in the fine dust, and the horses came flying in at their utmost speed. Diomed stayed them in the middle of the crowd, and the sweat from their manes and chests fell in streams on to the ground. Forthwith he sprang from his goodly chariot, and leaned his whip against his horses’ yoke; brave Sthenelus now lost no time, but at once brought on the prize, and gave the woman and the ear-handled cauldron to his comrades to take away. Then he unyoked the horses." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.514–533", "orig": "τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀντίλοχος Νηλήϊος ἤλασεν ἵππους\nκέρδεσιν, οὔ τι τάχει γε, παραφθάμενος Μενέλαον·\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς Μενέλαος ἔχʼ ἐγγύθεν ὠκέας ἵππους.\nὅσσον δὲ τροχοῦ ἵππος ἀφίσταται, ὅς ῥα ἄνακτα\nἕλκῃσιν πεδίοιο τιταινόμενος σὺν ὄχεσφι·\nτοῦ μέν τε ψαύουσιν ἐπισσώτρου τρίχες ἄκραι\nοὐραῖαι· ὃ δέ τʼ ἄγχι μάλα τρέχει, οὐδέ τι πολλὴ\nχώρη μεσσηγὺς πολέος πεδίοιο θέοντος·\nτόσσον δὴ Μενέλαος ἀμύμονος Ἀντιλόχοιο\nλείπετʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰ πρῶτα καὶ ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο,\nἀλλά μιν αἶψα κίχανεν· ὀφέλλετο γὰρ μένος ἠῢ\nἵππου τῆς Ἀγαμεμνονέης καλλίτριχος Αἴθης·\nεἰ δέ κʼ ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος ἀμφοτέροισι,\nτώ κέν μιν παρέλασσʼ οὐδʼ ἀμφήριστον ἔθηκεν.\nαὐτὰρ Μηριόνης θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος\nλείπετʼ ἀγακλῆος Μενελάου δουρὸς ἐρωήν·\nβάρδιστοι μὲν γάρ οἱ ἔσαν καλλίτριχες ἵπποι,\nἤκιστος δʼ ἦν αὐτὸς ἐλαυνέμεν ἅρμʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι.\nυἱὸς δʼ Ἀδμήτοιο πανύστατος ἤλυθεν ἄλλων\nἕλκων ἅρματα καλὰ ἐλαύνων πρόσσοθεν ἵππους.", "en": "Next after him came in Antilochus of the race of Neleus, who had passed Menelaus by a trick and not by the fleetness of his horses; but even so Menelaus came in as close behind him as the wheel is to the horse that draws both the chariot and its master. The end hairs of a horse’s tail touch the tyre of the wheel, and there is never much space between wheel and horse when the chariot is going; Menelaus was no further than this behind Antilochus, though at first he had been a full disc’s throw behind him. He had soon caught him up again, for Agamemnon’s mare Aethe kept pulling stronger and stronger, so that if the course had been longer he would have passed him, and there would not even have been a dead heat. Idomeneus’s brave squire Meriones was about a spear’s cast behind Menelaus. His horses were slowest of all, and he was the worst driver. Last of them all came the son of Admetus, dragging his chariot and driving his horses on in front." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.534–550", "orig": "τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ᾤκτειρε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nστὰς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐν Ἀργείοις ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευε·\nλοῖσθος ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ἐλαύνει μώνυχας ἵππους·\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δή οἱ δῶμεν ἀέθλιον ὡς ἐπιεικὲς\nδεύτερʼ· ἀτὰρ τὰ πρῶτα φερέσθω Τυδέος υἱός.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπῄνεον ὡς ἐκέλευε.\nκαί νύ κέ οἱ πόρεν ἵππον, ἐπῄνησαν γὰρ Ἀχαιοί,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ Ἀντίλοχος μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱὸς\nΠηλεΐδην Ἀχιλῆα δίκῃ ἠμείψατʼ ἀναστάς·\nὦ Ἀχιλεῦ μάλα τοι κεχολώσομαι αἴ κε τελέσσῃς\nτοῦτο ἔπος· μέλλεις γὰρ ἀφαιρήσεσθαι ἄεθλον\nτὰ φρονέων ὅτι οἱ βλάβεν ἅρματα καὶ ταχέʼ ἵππω\nαὐτός τʼ ἐσθλὸς ἐών· ἀλλʼ ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν\nεὔχεσθαι· τό κεν οὔ τι πανύστατος ἦλθε διώκων.\nεἰ δέ μιν οἰκτίρεις καί τοι φίλος ἔπλετο θυμῷ\nἔστί τοι ἐν κλισίῃ χρυσὸς πολύς, ἔστι δὲ χαλκὸς\nκαὶ πρόβατʼ, εἰσὶ δέ τοι δμῳαὶ καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι·", "en": "When Achilles saw him he was sorry, and stood up among the Argives saying, “The best man is coming in last. Let us give him a prize for it is reasonable. He shall have the second, but the first must go to the son of Tydeus.”\nThus did he speak and the others all of them applauded his saying, and were for doing as he had said, but Nestor’s son Antilochus stood up and claimed his rights from the son of Peleus. “Achilles,” said he, “I shall take it much amiss if you do this thing; you would rob me of my prize, because you think Eumelus’s chariot and horses were thrown out, and himself too, good man that he is. He should have prayed duly to the immortals; he would not have come in last if he had done so. If you are sorry for him and so choose, you have much gold in your tents, with bronze, sheep, cattle and horses." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.551–565", "orig": "τῶν οἱ ἔπειτʼ ἀνελὼν δόμεναι καὶ μεῖζον ἄεθλον\nἠὲ καὶ αὐτίκα νῦν, ἵνα σʼ αἰνήσωσιν Ἀχαιοί.\nτὴν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐ δώσω· περὶ δʼ αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω\nἀνδρῶν ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃσιν ἐμοὶ χείρεσσι μάχεσθαι.\nὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δὲ ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς\nχαίρων Ἀντιλόχῳ, ὅτι οἱ φίλος ἦεν ἑταῖρος·\nκαί μιν ἀμειβόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἈντίλοχʼ, εἰ μὲν δή με κελεύεις οἴκοθεν ἄλλο\nΕὐμήλῳ ἐπιδοῦναι, ἐγὼ δέ κε καὶ τὸ τελέσσω.\nδώσω οἱ θώρηκα, τὸν Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀπηύρων\nχάλκεον, ᾧ πέρι χεῦμα φαεινοῦ κασσιτέροιο\nἀμφιδεδίνηται· πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται.\nἦ ῥα, καὶ Αὐτομέδοντι φίλῳ ἐκέλευσεν ἑταίρῳ\nοἰσέμεναι κλισίηθεν· ὃ δʼ ᾤχετο καί οἱ ἔνεικεν,\nΕὐμήλῳ δʼ ἐν χερσὶ τίθει· ὃ δὲ δέξατο χαίρων.", "en": "Take something from this store if you would have the Achaeans speak well of you, and give him a better prize even than that which you have now offered; but I will not give up the mare, and he that will fight me for her, let him come on.”\nAchilles smiled as he heard this, and was pleased with Antilochus, who was one of his dearest comrades. So he said:\n“Antilochus, if you would have me find Eumelus another prize, I will give him the bronze breastplate with a rim of tin running all round it which I took from Asteropaeus. It will be worth much money to him.”\nHe bade his comrade Automedon bring the breastplate from his tent, and he did so. Achilles then gave it over to Eumelus, who received it gladly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.566–578", "orig": "τοῖσι δὲ καὶ Μενέλαος ἀνίστατο θυμὸν ἀχεύων\nἈντιλόχῳ ἄμοτον κεχολωμένος· ἐν δʼ ἄρα κῆρυξ\nχειρὶ σκῆπτρον ἔθηκε, σιωπῆσαί τε κέλευσεν\nἈργείους· ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα μετηύδα ἰσόθεος φώς·\nἈντίλοχε πρόσθεν πεπνυμένε ποῖον ἔρεξας.\nᾔσχυνας μὲν ἐμὴν ἀρετήν, βλάψας δέ μοι ἵππους\nτοὺς σοὺς πρόσθε βαλών, οἵ τοι πολὺ χείρονες ἦσαν.\nἀλλʼ ἄγετʼ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες\nἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέροισι δικάσσατε, μὴ δʼ ἐπʼ ἀρωγῇ,\nμή ποτέ τις εἴπῃσιν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων·\nἈντίλοχον ψεύδεσσι βιησάμενος Μενέλαος\nοἴχεται ἵππον ἄγων, ὅτι οἱ πολὺ χείρονες ἦσαν\nἵπποι, αὐτὸς δὲ κρείσσων ἀρετῇ τε βίῃ τε.", "en": "But Menelaus got up in a rage, furiously angry with Antilochus. An attendant placed his staff in his hands and bade the Argives keep silence: the hero then addressed them. “Antilochus,” said he, “what is this from you who have been so far blameless? You have made me cut a poor figure and baulked my horses by flinging your own in front of them, though yours are much worse than mine are; therefore, O princes and counsellors of the Argives, judge between us and show no favour, lest one of the Achaeans say, ‘Menelaus has got the mare through lying and corruption; his horses were far inferior to Antilochus’s, but he has greater weight and influence.’" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.579–595", "orig": "εἰ δʼ ἄγʼ ἐγὼν αὐτὸς δικάσω, καί μʼ οὔ τινά φημι\nἄλλον ἐπιπλήξειν Δαναῶν· ἰθεῖα γὰρ ἔσται.\nἈντίλοχʼ εἰ δʼ ἄγε δεῦρο διοτρεφές, ἣ θέμις ἐστί,\nστὰς ἵππων προπάροιθε καὶ ἅρματος, αὐτὰρ ἱμάσθλην\nχερσὶν ἔχε ῥαδινήν, ᾗ περ τὸ πρόσθεν ἔλαυνες,\nἵππων ἁψάμενος γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον\nὄμνυθι μὴ μὲν ἑκὼν τὸ ἐμὸν δόλῳ ἅρμα πεδῆσαι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίλοχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nἄνσχεο νῦν· πολλὸν γὰρ ἔγωγε νεώτερός εἰμι\nσεῖο ἄναξ Μενέλαε, σὺ δὲ πρότερος καὶ ἀρείων.\nοἶσθʼ οἷαι νέου ἀνδρὸς ὑπερβασίαι τελέθουσι·\nκραιπνότερος μὲν γάρ τε νόος, λεπτὴ δέ τε μῆτις.\nτώ τοι ἐπιτλήτω κραδίη· ἵππον δέ τοι αὐτὸς\nδώσω, τὴν ἀρόμην. εἰ καί νύ κεν οἴκοθεν ἄλλο\nμεῖζον ἐπαιτήσειας, ἄφαρ κέ τοι αὐτίκα δοῦναι\nβουλοίμην ἢ σοί γε διοτρεφὲς ἤματα πάντα\nἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν καὶ δαίμοσιν εἶναι ἀλιτρός.", "en": "Nay, I will determine the matter myself, and no man will blame me, for I shall do what is just. Come here, Antilochus, and stand, as our custom is, whip in hand before your chariot and horses; lay your hand on your steeds, and swear by earth-encircling Neptune that you did not purposely and guilefully get in the way of my horses.”\nAnd Antilochus answered, “Forgive me; I am much younger, King Menelaus, than you are; you stand higher than I do and are the better man of the two; you know how easily young men are betrayed into indiscretion; their tempers are more hasty and they have less judgement; make due allowances therefore, and bear with me; I will of my own accord give up the mare that I have won, and if you claim any further chattel from my own possessions, I would rather yield it to you, at once, than fall from your good graces henceforth, and do wrong in the sight of heaven.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.596–611", "orig": "ἦ ῥα καὶ ἵππον ἄγων μεγαθύμου Νέστορος υἱὸς\nἐν χείρεσσι τίθει Μενελάου· τοῖο δὲ θυμὸς\nἰάνθη ὡς εἴ τε περὶ σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση\nληΐου ἀλδήσκοντος, ὅτε φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι·\nὣς ἄρα σοὶ Μενέλαε μετὰ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη.\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἈντίλοχε νῦν μέν τοι ἐγὼν ὑποείξομαι αὐτὸς\nχωόμενος, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι παρήορος οὐδʼ ἀεσίφρων\nἦσθα πάρος· νῦν αὖτε νόον νίκησε νεοίη.\nδεύτερον αὖτʼ ἀλέασθαι ἀμείνονας ἠπεροπεύειν.\nοὐ γάρ κέν με τάχʼ ἄλλος ἀνὴρ παρέπεισεν Ἀχαιῶν.\nἀλλὰ σὺ γὰρ δὴ πολλὰ πάθες καὶ πολλὰ μόγησας\nσός τε πατὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ ἀδελφεὸς εἵνεκʼ ἐμεῖο·\nτώ τοι λισσομένῳ ἐπιπείσομαι, ἠδὲ καὶ ἵππον\nδώσω ἐμήν περ ἐοῦσαν, ἵνα γνώωσι καὶ οἵδε\nὡς ἐμὸς οὔ ποτε θυμὸς ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής.", "en": "The son of Nestor then took the mare and gave her over to Menelaus, whose anger was thus appeased; as when dew falls upon a field of ripening corn, and the lands are bristling with the harvest, even so, O Menelaus, was your heart made glad within you. He turned to Antilochus and said, “Now, Antilochus, angry though I have been, I can give way to you of my own free will; you have never been headstrong nor ill-disposed hitherto, but this time your youth has got the better of your judgement; be careful how you outwit your betters in future; no one else could have brought me round so easily, but your good father, your brother, and yourself have all of you had infinite trouble on my behalf; I therefore yield to your entreaty, and will give up the mare to you, mine though it indeed be; the people will thus see that I am neither harsh nor vindictive.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.612–623", "orig": "ἦ ῥα, καὶ Ἀντιλόχοιο Νοήμονι δῶκεν ἑταίρῳ\nἵππον ἄγειν· ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα λέβηθʼ ἕλε παμφανόωντα.\nΜηριόνης δʼ ἀνάειρε δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα\nτέτρατος, ὡς ἔλασεν. πέμπτον δʼ ὑπελείπετʼ ἄεθλον,\nἀμφίθετος φιάλη· τὴν Νέστορι δῶκεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἈργείων ἀνʼ ἀγῶνα φέρων, καὶ ἔειπε παραστάς·\nτῆ νῦν, καὶ σοὶ τοῦτο γέρον κειμήλιον ἔστω\nΠατρόκλοιο τάφου μνῆμʼ ἔμμεναι· οὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ αὐτὸν\nὄψῃ ἐν Ἀργείοισι· δίδωμι δέ τοι τόδʼ ἄεθλον\nαὔτως· οὐ γὰρ πύξ γε μαχήσεαι, οὐδὲ παλαίσεις,\nοὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἀκοντιστὺν ἐσδύσεαι, οὐδὲ πόδεσσι\nθεύσεαι· ἤδη γὰρ χαλεπὸν κατὰ γῆρας ἐπείγει.", "en": "With this he gave the mare over to Antilochus’s comrade Noemon, and then took the cauldron. Meriones, who had come in fourth, carried off the two talents of gold, and the fifth prize, the two-handled urn, being unawarded, Achilles gave it to Nestor, going up to him among the assembled Argives and saying, “Take this, my good old friend, as an heirloom and memorial of the funeral of Patroclus, for you shall see him no more among the Argives. I give you this prize though you cannot win one; you can now neither wrestle nor fight, and cannot enter for the javelin-match nor foot-races, for the hand of age has been laid heavily upon you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.624–635", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει· ὃ δʼ ἐδέξατο χαίρων,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα τέκος κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες·\nοὐ γὰρ ἔτʼ ἔμπεδα γυῖα φίλος πόδες, οὐδέ τι χεῖρες\nὤμων ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐπαΐσσονται ἐλαφραί.\nεἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη\nὡς ὁπότε κρείοντʼ Ἀμαρυγκέα θάπτον Ἐπειοὶ\nΒουπρασίῳ, παῖδες δʼ ἔθεσαν βασιλῆος ἄεθλα·\nἔνθʼ οὔ τίς μοι ὁμοῖος ἀνὴρ γένετʼ, οὔτʼ ἄρʼ Ἐπειῶν\nοὔτʼ αὐτῶν Πυλίων οὔτʼ Αἰτωλῶν μεγαθύμων.\nπὺξ μὲν ἐνίκησα Κλυτομήδεα Ἤνοπος υἱόν,\nἈγκαῖον δὲ πάλῃ Πλευρώνιον, ὅς μοι ἀνέστη·", "en": "So saying he gave the urn over to Nestor, who received it gladly and answered, “My son, all that you have said is true; there is no strength now in my legs and feet, nor can I hit out with my hands from either shoulder. Would that I were still young and strong as when the Epeans were burying King Amarynceus in Buprasium, and his sons offered prizes in his honour. There was then none that could vie with me neither of the Epeans nor the Pylians themselves nor the Aetolians. In boxing I overcame Clytomedes son of Enops, and in wrestling, Ancaeus of Pleuron who had come forward against me." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.636–650", "orig": "Ἴφικλον δὲ πόδεσσι παρέδραμον ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα,\nδουρὶ δʼ ὑπειρέβαλον Φυλῆά τε καὶ Πολύδωρον.\nοἴοισίν μʼ ἵπποισι παρήλασαν Ἀκτορίωνε\nπλήθει πρόσθε βαλόντες ἀγασσάμενοι περὶ νίκης,\nοὕνεκα δὴ τὰ μέγιστα παρʼ αὐτόθι λείπετʼ ἄεθλα.\nοἳ δʼ ἄρʼ ἔσαν δίδυμοι· ὃ μὲν ἔμπεδον ἡνιόχευεν,\nἔμπεδον ἡνιόχευʼ, ὃ δʼ ἄρα μάστιγι κέλευεν.\nὥς ποτʼ ἔον· νῦν αὖτε νεώτεροι ἀντιοώντων\nἔργων τοιούτων· ἐμὲ δὲ χρὴ γήραϊ λυγρῷ\nπείθεσθαι, τότε δʼ αὖτε μετέπρεπον ἡρώεσσιν.\nἀλλʼ ἴθι καὶ σὸν ἑταῖρον ἀέθλοισι κτερέϊζε.\nτοῦτο δʼ ἐγὼ πρόφρων δέχομαι, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ,\nὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι ἐνηέος, οὐδέ σε λήθω,\nτιμῆς ἧς τέ μʼ ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετʼ Ἀχαιοῖς.\nσοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδʼ ἀντὶ χάριν μενοεικέα δοῖεν.", "en": "Iphiclus was a good runner, but I beat him, and threw farther with my spear than either Phyleus or Polydorus. In chariot-racing alone did the two sons of Actor surpass me by crowding their horses in front of me, for they were angry at the way victory had gone, and at the greater part of the prizes remaining in the place in which they had been offered. They were twins, and the one kept on holding the reins, and holding the reins, while the other plied the whip. Such was I then, but now I must leave these matters to younger men; I must bow before the weight of years, but in those days I was eminent among heroes. And now, sir, go on with the funeral contests in honour of your comrade: gladly do I accept this urn, and my heart rejoices that you do not forget me but are ever mindful of my goodwill towards you, and of the respect due to me from the Achaeans. For all which may the grace of heaven be vouchsafed you in great abundance.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.651–663", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, Πηλεΐδης δὲ πολὺν καθʼ ὅμιλον Ἀχαιῶν\nᾤχετʼ, ἐπεὶ πάντʼ αἶνον ἐπέκλυε Νηλεΐδαο.\nαὐτὰρ ὃ πυγμαχίης ἀλεγεινῆς θῆκεν ἄεθλα·\nἡμίονον ταλαεργὸν ἄγων κατέδησʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι\nἑξέτεʼ ἀδμήτην, ἥ τʼ ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι·\nτῷ δʼ ἄρα νικηθέντι τίθει δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον.\nστῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nἈτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ\nἄνδρε δύω περὶ τῶνδε κελεύομεν, ὥ περ ἀρίστω,\nπὺξ μάλʼ ἀνασχομένω πεπληγέμεν· ᾧ δέ κʼ Ἀπόλλων\nδώῃ καμμονίην, γνώωσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί,\nἡμίονον ταλαεργὸν ἄγων κλισίην δὲ νεέσθω·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ νικηθεὶς δέπας οἴσεται ἀμφικύπελλον.", "en": "Thereon the son of Peleus, when he had listened to all the thanks of Nestor, went about among the concourse of the Achaeans, and presently offered prizes for skill in the painful art of boxing. He brought out a strong mule, and made it fast in the middle of the crowd, a she-mule never yet broken, but six years old, when it is hardest of all to break them: this was for the victor, and for the vanquished he offered a double cup. Then he stood up and said among the Argives, “Son of Atreus, and all other Achaeans, I invite our two champion boxers to lay about them lustily and compete for these prizes. He to whom Apollo vouchsafes the greater endurance, and whom the Achaeans acknowledge as victor, shall take the mule back with him to his own tent, while he that is vanquished shall have the double cup.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.664–675", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ ἀνὴρ ἠΰς τε μέγας τε\nεἰδὼς πυγμαχίης υἱὸς Πανοπῆος Ἐπειός,\nἅψατο δʼ ἡμιόνου ταλαεργοῦ φώνησέν τε·\nἆσσον ἴτω ὅς τις δέπας οἴσεται ἀμφικύπελλον·\nἡμίονον δʼ οὔ φημί τινʼ ἀξέμεν ἄλλον Ἀχαιῶν\nπυγμῇ νικήσαντʼ, ἐπεὶ εὔχομαι εἶναι ἄριστος.\nἦ οὐχ ἅλις ὅττι μάχης ἐπιδεύομαι; οὐδʼ ἄρα πως ἦν\nἐν πάντεσσʼ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα γενέσθαι.\nὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται·\nἀντικρὺ χρόα τε ῥήξω σύν τʼ ὀστέʼ ἀράξω.\nκηδεμόνες δέ οἱ ἐνθάδʼ ἀολλέες αὖθι μενόντων,\nοἵ κέ μιν ἐξοίσουσιν ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δαμέντα.", "en": "As he spoke there stood up a champion both brave and of great stature, a skilful boxer, Epeus, son of Panopeus. He laid his hand on the mule and said, “Let the man who is to have the cup come hither, for none but myself will take the mule. I am the best boxer of all here present, and none can beat me. Is it not enough that I should fall short of you in actual fighting? Still, no man can be good at everything. I tell you plainly, and it shall come true; if any man will box with me I will bruise his body and break his bones; therefore let his friends stay here in a body and be at hand to take him away when I have done with him.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.676–687", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἀκὴν ἐγένοντο σιωπῇ.\nΕὐρύαλος δέ οἱ οἶος ἀνίστατο ἰσόθεος φὼς\nΜηκιστῆος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος,\nὅς ποτε Θήβας δʼ ἦλθε δεδουπότος Οἰδιπόδαο\nἐς τάφον· ἔνθα δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα Καδμείωνας.\nτὸν μὲν Τυδεΐδης δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἀμφεπονεῖτο\nθαρσύνων ἔπεσιν, μέγα δʼ αὐτῷ βούλετο νίκην.\nζῶμα δέ οἱ πρῶτον παρακάββαλεν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nδῶκεν ἱμάντας ἐϋτμήτους βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο.\nτὼ δὲ ζωσαμένω βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀγῶνα,\nἄντα δʼ ἀνασχομένω χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν ἅμʼ ἄμφω\nσύν ῥʼ ἔπεσον, σὺν δέ σφι βαρεῖαι χεῖρες ἔμιχθεν.", "en": "They all held their peace, and no man rose save Euryalus son of Mecisteus, who was son of Talaus. Mecisteus went once to Thebes after the fall of Oedipus, to attend his funeral, and he beat all the people of Cadmus. The son of Tydeus was Euryalus’s second, cheering him on and hoping heartily that he would win. First he put a waistband round him and then he gave him some well-cut thongs of ox-hide; the two men being now girt went into the middle of the ring, and immediately fell to; heavily indeed did they punish one another and lay about them with their brawny fists." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.688–707", "orig": "δεινὸς δὲ χρόμαδος γενύων γένετʼ, ἔρρεε δʼ ἱδρὼς\nπάντοθεν ἐκ μελέων· ἐπὶ δʼ ὄρνυτο δῖος Ἐπειός,\nκόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτι δὴν\nἑστήκειν· αὐτοῦ γὰρ ὑπήριπε φαίδιμα γυῖα.\nὡς δʼ ὅθʼ ὑπὸ φρικὸς Βορέω ἀναπάλλεται ἰχθὺς\nθίνʼ ἐν φυκιόεντι, μέλαν δέ ἑ κῦμα κάλυψεν,\nὣς πληγεὶς ἀνέπαλτʼ· αὐτὰρ μεγάθυμος Ἐπειὸς\nχερσὶ λαβὼν ὤρθωσε· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφέσταν ἑταῖροι,\nοἵ μιν ἄγον διʼ ἀγῶνος ἐφελκομένοισι πόδεσσιν\nαἷμα παχὺ πτύοντα κάρη βάλλονθʼ ἑτέρωσε·\nκὰδ δʼ ἀλλοφρονέοντα μετὰ σφίσιν εἷσαν ἄγοντες,\nαὐτοὶ δʼ οἰχόμενοι κόμισαν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ αἶψʼ ἄλλα κατὰ τρίτα θῆκεν ἄεθλα\nδεικνύμενος Δαναοῖσι παλαισμοσύνης ἀλεγεινῆς,\nτῷ μὲν νικήσαντι μέγαν τρίποδʼ ἐμπυριβήτην,\nτὸν δὲ δυωδεκάβοιον ἐνὶ σφίσι τῖον Ἀχαιοί·\nἀνδρὶ δὲ νικηθέντι γυναῖκʼ ἐς μέσσον ἔθηκε,\nπολλὰ δʼ ἐπίστατο ἔργα, τίον δέ ἑ τεσσαράβοιον.\nστῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθον.", "en": "One could hear the horrid crashing of their jaws, and they sweated from every pore of their skin. Presently Epeus came on and gave Euryalus a blow on the jaw as he was looking round; Euryalus could not keep his legs; they gave way under him in a moment and he sprang up with a bound, as a fish leaps into the air near some shore that is all bestrewn with sea-wrack, when Boreas furs the top of the waves, and then falls back into deep water. But noble Epeus caught hold of him and raised him up; his comrades also came round him and led him from the ring, unsteady in his gait, his head hanging on one side, and spitting great clots of gore. They set him down in a swoon and then went to fetch the double cup.\nThe son of Peleus now brought out the prizes for the third contest and showed them to the Argives. These were for the painful art of wrestling. For the winner there was a great tripod ready for setting upon the fire, and the Achaeans valued it among themselves at twelve oxen. For the loser he brought out a woman skilled in all manner of arts, and they valued her at four oxen. He rose and said among the Argives, “Stand forward, you who will essay this contest.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.708–724", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,\nἂν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς πολύμητις ἀνίστατο κέρδεα εἰδώς.\nζωσαμένω δʼ ἄρα τώ γε βάτην ἐς μέσσον ἀγῶνα,\nἀγκὰς δʼ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν\nὡς ὅτʼ ἀμείβοντες, τούς τε κλυτὸς ἤραρε τέκτων\nδώματος ὑψηλοῖο βίας ἀνέμων ἀλεείνων.\nτετρίγει δʼ ἄρα νῶτα θρασειάων ἀπὸ χειρῶν\nἑλκόμενα στερεῶς· κατὰ δὲ νότιος ῥέεν ἱδρώς,\nπυκναὶ δὲ σμώδιγγες ἀνὰ πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους\nαἵματι φοινικόεσσαι ἀνέδραμον· οἳ δὲ μάλʼ αἰεὶ\nνίκης ἱέσθην τρίποδος πέρι ποιητοῖο·\nοὔτʼ Ὀδυσεὺς δύνατο σφῆλαι οὔδει τε πελάσσαι,\nοὔτʼ Αἴας δύνατο, κρατερὴ δʼ ἔχεν ἲς Ὀδυσῆος.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἀνίαζον ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς,\nδὴ τότε μιν προσέειπε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας·\nδιογενὲς Λαερτιάδη πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ\nἤ μʼ ἀνάειρʼ, ἢ ἐγὼ σέ· τὰ δʼ αὖ Διὶ πάντα μελήσει.", "en": "Forthwith uprose great Ajax the son of Telamon, and crafty Ulysses, full of wiles, rose also. The two girded themselves and went into the middle of the ring. They gripped each other in their strong hands like the rafters which some master-builder frames for the roof of a high house to keep the wind out. Their backbones cracked as they tugged at one another with their mighty arms, and sweat rained from them in torrents. Many a bloody weal sprang up on their sides and shoulders, but they kept on striving with might and main for victory and to win the tripod. Ulysses could not throw Ajax, nor Ajax him; Ulysses was too strong for him; but when the Achaeans began to tire of watching them, Ajax said to Ulysses, “Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, you shall either lift me, or I you, and let Jove settle it between us.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.725–737", "orig": "ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνάειρε· δόλου δʼ οὐ λήθετʼ Ὀδυσσεύς·\nκόψʼ ὄπιθεν κώληπα τυχών, ὑπέλυσε δὲ γυῖα,\nκὰδ δʼ ἔβαλʼ ἐξοπίσω· ἐπὶ δὲ στήθεσσιν Ὀδυσσεὺς\nκάππεσε· λαοὶ δʼ αὖ θηεῦντό τε θάμβησάν τε.\nδεύτερος αὖτʼ ἀνάειρε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,\nκίνησεν δʼ ἄρα τυτθὸν ἀπὸ χθονός, οὐδʼ ἔτʼ ἄειρεν,\nἐν δὲ γόνυ γνάμψεν· ἐπὶ δὲ χθονὶ κάππεσον ἄμφω\nπλησίοι ἀλλήλοισι, μιάνθησαν δὲ κονίῃ.\nκαί νύ κε τὸ τρίτον αὖτις ἀναΐξαντʼ ἐπάλαιον,\nεἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεὺς αὐτὸς ἀνίστατο καὶ κατέρυκε·\nμηκέτʼ ἐρείδεσθον, μὴ δὲ τρίβεσθε κακοῖσι·\nνίκη δʼ ἀμφοτέροισιν· ἀέθλια δʼ ἶσʼ ἀνελόντες\nἔρχεσθʼ, ὄφρα καὶ ἄλλοι ἀεθλεύωσιν Ἀχαιοί.", "en": "He lifted him from the ground as he spoke, but Ulysses did not forget his cunning. He hit Ajax in the hollow at back of his knee, so that he could not keep his feet, but fell on his back with Ulysses lying upon his chest, and all who saw it marvelled. Then Ulysses in turn lifted Ajax and stirred him a little from the ground but could not lift him right off it, his knee sank under him, and the two fell side by side on the ground and were all begrimed with dust. They now sprang towards one another and were for wrestling yet a third time, but Achilles rose and stayed them. “Put not each other further,” said he, “to such cruel suffering; the victory is with both alike, take each of you an equal prize, and let the other Achaeans now compete.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.738–753", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα τοῦ μάλα μὲν κλύον ἠδὲ πίθοντο,\nκαί ῥʼ ἀπομορξαμένω κονίην δύσαντο χιτῶνας.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ αἶψʼ ἄλλα τίθει ταχυτῆτος ἄεθλα\nἀργύρεον κρητῆρα τετυγμένον· ἓξ δʼ ἄρα μέτρα\nχάνδανεν, αὐτὰρ κάλλει ἐνίκα πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν\nπολλόν, ἐπεὶ Σιδόνες πολυδαίδαλοι εὖ ἤσκησαν,\nΦοίνικες δʼ ἄγον ἄνδρες ἐπʼ ἠεροειδέα πόντον,\nστῆσαν δʼ ἐν λιμένεσσι, Θόαντι δὲ δῶρον ἔδωκαν·\nυἷος δὲ Πριάμοιο Λυκάονος ὦνον ἔδωκε\nΠατρόκλῳ ἥρωϊ Ἰησονίδης Εὔνηος.\nκαὶ τὸν Ἀχιλλεὺς θῆκεν ἄεθλον οὗ ἑτάροιο,\nὅς τις ἐλαφρότατος ποσσὶ κραιπνοῖσι πέλοιτο·\nδευτέρῳ αὖ βοῦν θῆκε μέγαν καὶ πίονα δημῷ,\nἡμιτάλαντον δὲ χρυσοῦ λοισθήϊʼ ἔθηκε.\nστῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθε.", "en": "Thus did he speak and they did even as he had said, and put on their shirts again after wiping the dust from off their bodies.\nThe son of Peleus then offered prizes for speed in running, a mixing-bowl beautifully wrought, of pure silver. It would hold six measures, and far exceeded all others in the whole world for beauty; it was the work of cunning artificers in Sidon, and had been brought into port by Phoenicians from beyond the sea, who had made a present of it to Thoas. Eueneus son of Jason had given it to Patroclus in ransom of Priam’s son Lycaon, and Achilles now offered it as a prize in honour of his comrade to him who should be the swiftest runner. For the second prize he offered a large ox, well fattened, while for the last there was to be half a talent of gold. He then rose and said among the Argives, “Stand forward, you who will essay this contest.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.754–770", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὄρνυτο δʼ αὐτίκʼ Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας,\nἂν δʼ Ὀδυσεὺς πολύμητις, ἔπειτα δὲ Νέστορος υἱὸς\nἈντίλοχος· ὃ γὰρ αὖτε νέους ποσὶ πάντας ἐνίκα.\nστὰν δὲ μεταστοιχί· σήμηνε δὲ τέρματʼ Ἀχιλλεύς.\nτοῖσι δʼ ἀπὸ νύσσης τέτατο δρόμος· ὦκα δʼ ἔπειτα\nἔκφερʼ Ὀϊλιάδης· ἐπὶ δʼ ὄρνυτο δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nἄγχι μάλʼ, ὡς ὅτε τίς τε γυναικὸς ἐϋζώνοιο\nστήθεός ἐστι κανών, ὅν τʼ εὖ μάλα χερσὶ τανύσσῃ\nπηνίον ἐξέλκουσα παρὲκ μίτον, ἀγχόθι δʼ ἴσχει\nστήθεος· ὣς Ὀδυσεὺς θέεν ἐγγύθεν, αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν\nἴχνια τύπτε πόδεσσι πάρος κόνιν ἀμφιχυθῆναι·\nκὰδ δʼ ἄρα οἱ κεφαλῆς χέʼ ἀϋτμένα δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς\nαἰεὶ ῥίμφα θέων· ἴαχον δʼ ἐπὶ πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nνίκης ἱεμένῳ, μάλα δὲ σπεύδοντι κέλευον.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πύματον τέλεον δρόμον, αὐτίκʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς\nεὔχετʼ Ἀθηναίῃ γλαυκώπιδι ὃν κατὰ θυμόν·\nκλῦθι θεά, ἀγαθή μοι ἐπίρροθος ἐλθὲ ποδοῖιν.", "en": "Forthwith uprose fleet Ajax son of Oileus, with cunning Ulysses, and Nestor’s son Antilochus, the fastest runner among all the youth of his time. They stood side by side and Achilles showed them the goal. The course was set out for them from the starting-post, and the son of Oileus took the lead at once, with Ulysses as close behind him as the shuttle is to a woman’s bosom when she throws the woof across the warp and holds it close up to her; even so close behind him was Ulysses, treading in his footprints before the dust could settle there, and Ajax could feel his breath on the back of his head as he ran swiftly on. The Achaeans all shouted applause as they saw him straining his utmost, and cheered him as he shot past them; but when they were now nearing the end of the course Ulysses prayed inwardly to Minerva. “Hear me,” he cried, “and help my feet, O goddess.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.771–784", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος· τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη,\nγυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρά, πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ἔμελλον ἐπαΐξασθαι ἄεθλον,\nἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ὄλισθε θέων, βλάψεν γὰρ Ἀθήνη,\nτῇ ῥα βοῶν κέχυτʼ ὄνθος ἀποκταμένων ἐριμύκων,\nοὓς ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ πέφνεν πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἐν δʼ ὄνθου βοέου πλῆτο στόμα τε ῥῖνάς τε·\nκρητῆρʼ αὖτʼ ἀνάειρε πολύτλας δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,\nὡς ἦλθε φθάμενος· ὃ δὲ βοῦν ἕλε φαίδιμος Αἴας.\nστῆ δὲ κέρας μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων βοὸς ἀγραύλοιο\nὄνθον ἀποπτύων, μετὰ δʼ Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nὢ πόποι ἦ μʼ ἔβλαψε θεὰ πόδας, ἣ τὸ πάρος περ\nμήτηρ ὣς Ὀδυσῆϊ παρίσταται ἠδʼ ἐπαρήγει.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἡδὺ γέλασσαν.", "en": "Thus did he pray, and Pallas Minerva heard his prayer; she made his hands and his feet feel light, and when the runners were at the point of pouncing upon the prize, Ajax, through Minerva’s spite slipped upon some offal that was lying there from the cattle which Achilles had slaughtered in honour of Patroclus, and his mouth and nostrils were all filled with cow dung. Ulysses therefore carried off the mixing-bowl, for he got before Ajax and came in first. But Ajax took the ox and stood with his hand on one of its horns, spitting the dung out of his mouth. Then he said to the Argives, “Alas, the goddess has spoiled my running; she watches over Ulysses and stands by him as though she were his own mother.” Thus did he speak and they all of them laughed heartily." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.785–797", "orig": "Ἀντίλοχος δʼ ἄρα δὴ λοισθήϊον ἔκφερʼ ἄεθλον\nμειδιόων, καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nεἰδόσιν ὔμμʼ ἐρέω πᾶσιν φίλοι, ὡς ἔτι καὶ νῦν\nἀθάνατοι τιμῶσι παλαιοτέρους ἀνθρώπους.\nΑἴας μὲν γὰρ ἐμεῖʼ ὀλίγον προγενέστερός ἐστιν,\nοὗτος δὲ προτέρης γενεῆς προτέρων τʼ ἀνθρώπων·\nὠμογέροντα δέ μίν φασʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀργαλέον δὲ\nποσσὶν ἐριδήσασθαι Ἀχαιοῖς, εἰ μὴ Ἀχιλλεῖ.\nὣς φάτο, κύδηνεν δὲ ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα.\nτὸν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς μύθοισιν ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπεν·\nἈντίλοχʼ οὐ μέν τοι μέλεος εἰρήσεται αἶνος,\nἀλλά τοι ἡμιτάλαντον ἐγὼ χρυσοῦ ἐπιθήσω.\nὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει, ὃ δʼ ἐδέξατο χαίρων.", "en": "Antilochus carried off the last prize and smiled as he said to the bystanders, “You all see, my friends, that now too the gods have shown their respect for seniority. Ajax is somewhat older than I am, and as for Ulysses, he belongs to an earlier generation, but he is hale in spite of his years, and no man of the Achaeans can run against him save only Achilles.”\nHe said this to pay a compliment to the son of Peleus, and Achilles answered, “Antilochus, you shall not have praised me to no purpose; I shall give you an additional half talent of gold.” He then gave the half talent to Antilochus, who received it gladly." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.798–817", "orig": "αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης κατὰ μὲν δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος\nθῆκʼ ἐς ἀγῶνα φέρων, κατὰ δʼ ἀσπίδα καὶ τρυφάλειαν\nτεύχεα Σαρπήδοντος, ἅ μιν Πάτροκλος ἀπηύρα.\nστῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nἄνδρε δύω περὶ τῶνδε κελεύομεν, ὥ περ ἀρίστω,\nτεύχεα ἑσσαμένω ταμεσίχροα χαλκὸν ἑλόντε\nἀλλήλων προπάροιθεν ὁμίλου πειρηθῆναι.\nὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν ὀρεξάμενος χρόα καλόν,\nψαύσῃ δʼ ἐνδίνων διά τʼ ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα,\nτῷ μὲν ἐγὼ δώσω τόδε φάσγανον ἀργυρόηλον\nκαλὸν Θρηΐκιον, τὸ μὲν Ἀστεροπαῖον ἀπηύρων·\nτεύχεα δʼ ἀμφότεροι ξυνήϊα ταῦτα φερέσθων·\nκαί σφιν δαῖτʼ ἀγαθὴν παραθήσομεν ἐν κλισίῃσιν.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας,\nἂν δʼ ἄρα Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο, κρατερὸς Διομήδης.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἑκάτερθεν ὁμίλου θωρήχθησαν,\nἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέρω συνίτην μεμαῶτε μάχεσθαι\nδεινὸν δερκομένω· θάμβος δʼ ἔχε πάντας Ἀχαιούς.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σχεδὸν ἦσαν ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισιν ἰόντες,\nτρὶς μὲν ἐπήϊξαν, τρὶς δὲ σχεδὸν ὁρμήθησαν.", "en": "Then the son of Peleus brought out the spear, helmet and shield that had been borne by Sarpedon, and were taken from him by Patroclus. He stood up and said among the Argives, “We bid two champions put on their armour, take their keen blades, and make trial of one another in the presence of the multitude; whichever of them can first wound the flesh of the other, cut through his armour, and draw blood, to him will I give this goodly Thracian sword inlaid with silver, which I took from Asteropaeus, but the armour let both hold in partnership, and I will give each of them a hearty meal in my own tent.”\nForthwith uprose great Ajax the son of Telamon, as also mighty Diomed son of Tydeus. When they had put on their armour each on his own side of the ring, they both went into the middle eager to engage, and with fire flashing from their eyes. The Achaeans marvelled as they beheld them, and when the two were now close up with one another, thrice did they spring forward and thrice try to strike each other in close combat." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.818–835", "orig": "ἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ἔπειτα κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην\nνύξʼ, οὐδὲ χρόʼ ἵκανεν· ἔρυτο γὰρ ἔνδοθι θώρηξ·\nΤυδεΐδης δʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα ὑπὲρ σάκεος μεγάλοιο\nαἰὲν ἐπʼ αὐχένι κῦρε φαεινοῦ δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ.\nκαὶ τότε δή ῥʼ Αἴαντι περιδείσαντες Ἀχαιοὶ\nπαυσαμένους ἐκέλευσαν ἀέθλια ἶσʼ ἀνελέσθαι.\nαὐτὰρ Τυδεΐδῃ δῶκεν μέγα φάσγανον ἥρως\nσὺν κολεῷ τε φέρων καὶ ἐϋτμήτῳ τελαμῶνι.\nαὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης θῆκεν σόλον αὐτοχόωνον\nὃν πρὶν μὲν ῥίπτασκε μέγα σθένος Ἠετίωνος·\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι τὸν ἔπεφνε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nτὸν δʼ ἄγετʼ ἐν νήεσσι σὺν ἄλλοισι κτεάτεσσι.\nστῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν·\nὄρνυσθʼ οἳ καὶ τούτου ἀέθλου πειρήσεσθε.\nεἴ οἱ καὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἀπόπροθι πίονες ἀγροί,\nἕξει μιν καὶ πέντε περιπλομένους ἐνιαυτοὺς\nχρεώμενος· οὐ μὲν γάρ οἱ ἀτεμβόμενός γε σιδήρου\nποιμὴν οὐδʼ ἀροτὴρ εἶσʼ ἐς πόλιν, ἀλλὰ παρέξει.", "en": "Ajax pierced Diomed’s round shield, but did not draw blood, for the cuirass beneath the shield protected him; thereon the son of Tydeus from over his huge shield kept aiming continually at Ajax’s neck with the point of his spear, and the Achaeans alarmed for his safety bade them leave off fighting and divide the prize between them. Achilles then gave the great sword to the son of Tydeus, with its scabbard, and the leathern belt with which to hang it.\nAchilles next offered the massive iron quoit which mighty Eetion had erewhile been used to hurl, until Achilles had slain him and carried it off in his ships along with other spoils. He stood up and said among the Argives, “Stand forward, you who would essay this contest. He who wins it will have a store of iron that will last him five years as they go rolling round, and if his fair fields lie far from a town his shepherd or ploughman will not have to make a journey to buy iron, for he will have a stock of it on his own premises.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.836–849", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης,\nἂν δὲ Λεοντῆος κρατερὸν μένος ἀντιθέοιο,\nἂν δʼ Αἴας Τελαμωνιάδης καὶ δῖος Ἐπειός.\nἑξείης δʼ ἵσταντο, σόλον δʼ ἕλε δῖος Ἐπειός,\nἧκε δὲ δινήσας· γέλασαν δʼ ἐπὶ πάντες Ἀχαιοί.\nδεύτερος αὖτʼ ἀφέηκε Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος·\nτὸ τρίτον αὖτʼ ἔρριψε μέγας Τελαμώνιος Αἴας\nχειρὸς ἄπο στιβαρῆς, καὶ ὑπέρβαλε σήματα πάντων.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ σόλον εἷλε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης,\nὅσσόν τίς τʼ ἔρριψε καλαύροπα βουκόλος ἀνήρ,\nἣ δέ θʼ ἑλισσομένη πέτεται διὰ βοῦς ἀγελαίας,\nτόσσον παντὸς ἀγῶνος ὑπέρβαλε· τοὶ δὲ βόησαν.\nἀνστάντες δʼ ἕταροι Πολυποίταο κρατεροῖο\nνῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς ἔφερον βασιλῆος ἄεθλον.", "en": "Then uprose the two mighty men Polypoetes and Leonteus, with Ajax son of Telamon and noble Epeus. They stood up one after the other and Epeus took the quoit, whirled it, and flung it from him, which set all the Achaeans laughing. After him threw Leonteus of the race of Mars. Ajax son of Telamon threw third, and sent the quoit beyond any mark that had been made yet, but when mighty Polypoetes took the quoit he hurled it as though it had been a stockman’s stick which he sends flying about among his cattle when he is driving them, so far did his throw out-distance those of the others. All who saw it roared applause, and his comrades carried the prize for him and set it on board his ship." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.850–864", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ὃ τοξευτῇσι τίθει ἰόεντα σίδηρον,\nκὰδ δʼ ἐτίθει δέκα μὲν πελέκεας, δέκα δʼ ἡμιπέλεκκα,\nἱστὸν δʼ ἔστησεν νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο\nτηλοῦ ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις, ἐκ δὲ τρήρωνα πέλειαν\nλεπτῇ μηρίνθῳ δῆσεν ποδός, ἧς ἄρʼ ἀνώγει\nτοξεύειν· ὃς μέν κε βάλῃ τρήρωνα πέλειαν,\nπάντας ἀειράμενος πελέκεας οἶκον δὲ φερέσθω·\nὃς δέ κε μηρίνθοιο τύχῃ ὄρνιθος ἁμαρτών,\nἥσσων γὰρ δὴ κεῖνος, ὃ δʼ οἴσεται ἡμιπέλεκκα.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα βίη Τεύκροιο ἄνακτος,\nἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος.\nκλήρους δʼ ἐν κυνέῃ χαλκήρεϊ πάλλον ἑλόντες,\nΤεῦκρος δὲ πρῶτος κλήρῳ λάχεν· αὐτίκα δʼ ἰὸν\nἧκεν ἐπικρατέως, οὐδʼ ἠπείλησεν ἄνακτι\nἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην.", "en": "Achilles next offered a prize of iron for archery, ten double-edged axes and ten with single edges: he set up a ship’s mast, some way off upon the sands, and with a fine string tied a pigeon to it by the foot; this was what they were to aim at. “Whoever,” he said, “can hit the pigeon shall have all the axes and take them away with him; he who hits the string without hitting the bird will have taken a worse aim and shall have the single-edged axes.”\nThen uprose King Teucer, and Meriones the stalwart squire of Idomeneus rose also, They cast lots in a bronze helmet and the lot of Teucer fell first." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.865–883", "orig": "ὄρνιθος μὲν ἅμαρτε· μέγηρε γάρ οἱ τό γʼ Ἀπόλλων·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ μήρινθον βάλε πὰρ πόδα, τῇ δέδετʼ ὄρνις·\nἀντικρὺ δʼ ἀπὸ μήρινθον τάμε πικρὸς ὀϊστός.\nἣ μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἤϊξε πρὸς οὐρανόν, ἣ δὲ παρείθη\nμήρινθος ποτὶ γαῖαν· ἀτὰρ κελάδησαν Ἀχαιοί.\nσπερχόμενος δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης ἐξείρυσε χειρὸς\nτόξον· ἀτὰρ δὴ ὀϊστὸν ἔχεν πάλαι, ὡς ἴθυνεν.\nαὐτίκα δʼ ἠπείλησεν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι\nἀρνῶν πρωτογόνων ῥέξειν κλειτὴν ἑκατόμβην.\nὕψι δʼ ὑπὸ νεφέων εἶδε τρήρωνα πέλειαν·\nτῇ ῥʼ ὅ γε δινεύουσαν ὑπὸ πτέρυγος βάλε μέσσην,\nἀντικρὺ δὲ διῆλθε βέλος· τὸ μὲν ἂψ ἐπὶ γαίῃ\nπρόσθεν Μηριόναο πάγη ποδός· αὐτὰρ ἣ ὄρνις\nἱστῷ ἐφεζομένη νηὸς κυανοπρῴροιο\nαὐχένʼ ἀπεκρέμασεν, σὺν δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν.\nὠκὺς δʼ ἐκ μελέων θυμὸς πτάτο, τῆλε δʼ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ\nκάππεσε· λαοὶ δʼ αὖ θηεῦντό τε θάμβησάν τε.\nἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης πελέκεας δέκα πάντας ἄειρε,\nΤεῦκρος δʼ ἡμιπέλεκκα φέρεν κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας.", "en": "He let fly with his arrow forthwith, but he did not promise hecatombs of firstling lambs to King Apollo, and missed his bird, for Apollo foiled his aim; but he hit the string with which the bird was tied, near its foot; the arrow cut the string clean through so that it hung down towards the ground, while the bird flew up into the sky, and the Achaeans shouted applause. Meriones, who had his arrow ready while Teucer was aiming, snatched the bow out of his hand, and at once promised that he would sacrifice a hecatomb of firstling lambs to Apollo lord of the bow; then espying the pigeon high up under the clouds, he hit her in the middle of the wing as she was circling upwards; the arrow went clean through the wing and fixed itself in the ground at Meriones’ feet, but the bird perched on the ship’s mast hanging her head and with all her feathers drooping; the life went out of her, and she fell heavily from the mast. Meriones, therefore, took all ten double-edged axes, while Teucer bore off the single-edged ones to his ships." }, { "ref": "Iliad 23.884–897", "orig": "αὐτὰρ Πηλεΐδης κατὰ μὲν δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος,\nκὰδ δὲ λέβητʼ ἄπυρον βοὸς ἄξιον ἀνθεμόεντα\nθῆκʼ ἐς ἀγῶνα φέρων· καί ῥʼ ἥμονες ἄνδρες ἀνέσταν·\nἂν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων,\nἂν δʼ ἄρα Μηριόνης, θεράπων ἐῢς Ἰδομενῆος.\nτοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἈτρεΐδη· ἴδμεν γὰρ ὅσον προβέβηκας ἁπάντων\nἠδʼ ὅσσον δυνάμει τε καὶ ἥμασιν ἔπλευ ἄριστος·\nἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν τόδʼ ἄεθλον ἔχων κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας\nἔρχευ, ἀτὰρ δόρυ Μηριόνῃ ἥρωϊ πόρωμεν,\nεἰ σύ γε σῷ θυμῷ ἐθέλοις· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων·\nδῶκε δὲ Μηριόνῃ δόρυ χάλκεον· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως\nΤαλθυβίῳ κήρυκι δίδου περικαλλὲς ἄεθλον.", "en": "Then the son of Peleus brought in a spear and a cauldron that had never been on the fire; it was worth an ox, and was chased with a pattern of flowers; and those that throw the javelin stood up, to wit the son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, and Meriones, stalwart squire of Idomeneus. But Achilles spoke saying, “Son of Atreus, we know how far you excel all others both in power and in throwing the javelin; take the cauldron back with you to your ships, but if it so please you, let us give the spear to Meriones; this at least is what I should myself wish.”\nKing Agamemnon assented. So he gave the bronze spear to Meriones, and handed the goodly cauldron to Talthybius his esquire." } ], "24": [ { "ref": "Iliad 24.1–21", "orig": "λῦτο δʼ ἀγών, λαοὶ δὲ θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας ἕκαστοι\nἐσκίδναντʼ ἰέναι. τοὶ μὲν δόρποιο μέδοντο\nὕπνου τε γλυκεροῦ ταρπήμεναι· αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nκλαῖε φίλου ἑτάρου μεμνημένος, οὐδέ μιν ὕπνος\nᾕρει πανδαμάτωρ, ἀλλʼ ἐστρέφετʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα\nΠατρόκλου ποθέων ἀνδροτῆτά τε καὶ μένος ἠΰ,\nἠδʼ ὁπόσα τολύπευσε σὺν αὐτῷ καὶ πάθεν ἄλγεα\nἀνδρῶν τε πτολέμους ἀλεγεινά τε κύματα πείρων·\nτῶν μιμνησκόμενος θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυον εἶβεν,\nἄλλοτʼ ἐπὶ πλευρὰς κατακείμενος, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε\nὕπτιος, ἄλλοτε δὲ πρηνής· τοτὲ δʼ ὀρθὸς ἀναστὰς\nδινεύεσκʼ ἀλύων παρὰ θῖνʼ ἁλός· οὐδέ μιν ἠὼς\nφαινομένη λήθεσκεν ὑπεὶρ ἅλα τʼ ἠϊόνας τε.\nἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἐπεὶ ζεύξειεν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους,\nἝκτορα δʼ ἕλκεσθαι δησάσκετο δίφρου ὄπισθεν,\nτρὶς δʼ ἐρύσας περὶ σῆμα Μενοιτιάδαο θανόντος\nαὖτις ἐνὶ κλισίῃ παυέσκετο, τὸν δέ τʼ ἔασκεν\nἐν κόνι ἐκτανύσας προπρηνέα· τοῖο δʼ Ἀπόλλων\nπᾶσαν ἀεικείην ἄπεχε χροῒ φῶτʼ ἐλεαίρων\nκαὶ τεθνηότα περ· περὶ δʼ αἰγίδι πάντα κάλυπτε\nχρυσείῃ, ἵνα μή μιν ἀποδρύφοι ἑλκυστάζων.", "en": "The assembly now broke up and the people went their ways each to his own ship. There they made ready their supper, and then bethought them of the blessed boon of sleep; but Achilles still wept for thinking of his dear comrade, and sleep, before whom all things bow, could take no hold upon him. This way and that did he turn as he yearned after the might and manfulness of Patroclus; he thought of all they had done together, and all they had gone through both on the field of battle and on the waves of the weary sea. As he dwelt on these things he wept bitterly and lay now on his side, now on his back, and now face downwards, till at last he rose and went out as one distraught to wander upon the sea-shore. Then, when he saw dawn breaking over beach and sea, he yoked his horses to his chariot, and bound the body of Hector behind it that he might drag it about. Thrice did he drag it round the tomb of the son of Menoetius, and then went back into his tent, leaving the body on the ground full length and with its face downwards. But Apollo would not suffer it to be disfigured, for he pitied the man, dead though he now was; therefore he shielded him with his golden aegis continually, that he might take no hurt while Achilles was dragging him." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.22–43", "orig": "ὣς ὃ μὲν Ἕκτορα δῖον ἀείκιζεν μενεαίνων·\nτὸν δʼ ἐλεαίρεσκον μάκαρες θεοὶ εἰσορόωντες,\nκλέψαι δʼ ὀτρύνεσκον ἐΰσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην.\nἔνθʼ ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθʼ Ἥρῃ\nοὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνʼ οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ,\nἀλλʼ ἔχον ὥς σφιν πρῶτον ἀπήχθετο Ἴλιος ἱρὴ\nκαὶ Πρίαμος καὶ λαὸς Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκʼ ἄτης,\nὃς νείκεσσε θεὰς ὅτε οἱ μέσσαυλον ἵκοντο,\nτὴν δʼ ᾔνησʼ ἥ οἱ πόρε μαχλοσύνην ἀλεγεινήν.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετʼ ἠώς,\nκαὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων·\nσχέτλιοί ἐστε θεοί, δηλήμονες· οὔ νύ ποθʼ ὑμῖν\nἝκτωρ μηρίʼ ἔκηε βοῶν αἰγῶν τε τελείων;\nτὸν νῦν οὐκ ἔτλητε νέκυν περ ἐόντα σαῶσαι\nᾗ τʼ ἀλόχῳ ἰδέειν καὶ μητέρι καὶ τέκεϊ ᾧ\nκαὶ πατέρι Πριάμῳ λαοῖσί τε, τοί κέ μιν ὦκα\nἐν πυρὶ κήαιεν καὶ ἐπὶ κτέρεα κτερίσαιεν.\nἀλλʼ ὀλοῷ Ἀχιλῆϊ θεοὶ βούλεσθʼ ἐπαρήγειν,\nᾧ οὔτʼ ἂρ φρένες εἰσὶν ἐναίσιμοι οὔτε νόημα\nγναμπτὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι, λέων δʼ ὣς ἄγρια οἶδεν,\nὅς τʼ ἐπεὶ ἂρ μεγάλῃ τε βίῃ καὶ ἀγήνορι θυμῷ\nεἴξας εἶσʼ ἐπὶ μῆλα βροτῶν ἵνα δαῖτα λάβῃσιν·", "en": "Thus shamefully did Achilles in his fury dishonour Hector; but the blessed gods looked down in pity from heaven, and urged Mercury, slayer of Argus, to steal the body. All were of this mind save only Juno, Neptune, and Jove’s grey-eyed daughter, who persisted in the hate which they had ever borne towards Ilius with Priam and his people; for they forgave not the wrong done them by Alexandrus in disdaining the goddesses who came to him when he was in his sheepyards, and preferring her who had offered him a wanton to his ruin.\nWhen, therefore, the morning of the twelfth day had now come, Phoebus Apollo spoke among the immortals saying, “You gods ought to be ashamed of yourselves; you are cruel and hard-hearted. Did not Hector burn you thigh-bones of heifers and of unblemished goats? And now dare you not rescue even his dead body, for his wife to look upon, with his mother and child, his father Priam, and his people, who would forthwith commit him to the flames, and give him his due funeral rites? So, then, you would all be on the side of mad Achilles, who knows neither right nor ruth? He is like some savage lion that in the pride of his great strength and daring springs upon men’s flocks and gorges on them." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.44–63", "orig": "ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἔλεον μὲν ἀπώλεσεν, οὐδέ οἱ αἰδὼς\nγίγνεται, ἥ τʼ ἄνδρας μέγα σίνεται ἠδʼ ὀνίνησι.\nμέλλει μέν πού τις καὶ φίλτερον ἄλλον ὀλέσσαι\nἠὲ κασίγνητον ὁμογάστριον ἠὲ καὶ υἱόν·\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι κλαύσας καὶ ὀδυράμενος μεθέηκε·\nτλητὸν γὰρ Μοῖραι θυμὸν θέσαν ἀνθρώποισιν.\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ Ἕκτορα δῖον, ἐπεὶ φίλον ἦτορ ἀπηύρα,\nἵππων ἐξάπτων περὶ σῆμʼ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο\nἕλκει· οὐ μήν οἱ τό γε κάλλιον οὐδέ τʼ ἄμεινον.\nμὴ ἀγαθῷ περ ἐόντι νεμεσσηθέωμέν οἱ ἡμεῖς·\nκωφὴν γὰρ δὴ γαῖαν ἀεικίζει μενεαίνων.\nτὸν δὲ χολωσαμένη προσέφη λευκώλενος Ἥρη·\nεἴη κεν καὶ τοῦτο τεὸν ἔπος ἀργυρότοξε\nεἰ δὴ ὁμὴν Ἀχιλῆϊ καὶ Ἕκτορι θήσετε τιμήν.\nἝκτωρ μὲν θνητός τε γυναῖκά τε θήσατο μαζόν·\nαὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεύς ἐστι θεᾶς γόνος, ἣν ἐγὼ αὐτὴ\nθρέψά τε καὶ ἀτίτηλα καὶ ἀνδρὶ πόρον παράκοιτιν\nΠηλέϊ, ὃς περὶ κῆρι φίλος γένετʼ ἀθανάτοισι.\nπάντες δʼ ἀντιάασθε θεοὶ γάμου· ἐν δὲ σὺ τοῖσι\nδαίνυʼ ἔχων φόρμιγγα κακῶν ἕταρʼ, αἰὲν ἄπιστε.", "en": "Even so has Achilles flung aside all pity, and all that conscience which at once so greatly banes yet greatly boons him that will heed it. A man may lose one far dearer than Achilles has lost, a son, it may be, or a brother born from his own mother’s womb; yet when he has mourned him and wept over him he will let him bide, for it takes much sorrow to kill a man; whereas Achilles, now that he has slain noble Hector, drags him behind his chariot round the tomb of his comrade. It were better of him, and for him, that he should not do so, for brave though he be we gods may take it ill that he should vent his fury upon dead clay.”\nJuno spoke up in a rage. “This were well,” she cried, “O lord of the silver bow, if you would give like honour to Hector and to Achilles; but Hector was mortal and suckled at a woman’s breast, whereas Achilles is the offspring of a goddess whom I myself reared and brought up. I married her to Peleus, who is above measure dear to the immortals; you gods came all of you to her wedding; you feasted along with them yourself and brought your lyre, false, and fond of low company, that you have ever been.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.64–76", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς·\nἭρη μὴ δὴ πάμπαν ἀποσκύδμαινε θεοῖσιν·\nοὐ μὲν γὰρ τιμή γε μίʼ ἔσσεται· ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἕκτωρ\nφίλτατος ἔσκε θεοῖσι βροτῶν οἳ ἐν Ἰλίῳ εἰσίν·\nὣς γὰρ ἔμοιγʼ, ἐπεὶ οὔ τι φίλων ἡμάρτανε δώρων.\nοὐ γάρ μοί ποτε βωμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης\nλοιβῆς τε κνίσης τε· τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι κλέψαι μὲν ἐάσομεν, οὐδέ πῃ ἔστι,\nλάθρῃ Ἀχιλλῆος θρασὺν Ἕκτορα· ἦ γάρ οἱ αἰεὶ\nμήτηρ παρμέμβλωκεν ὁμῶς νύκτάς τε καὶ ἦμαρ.\nἀλλʼ εἴ τις καλέσειε θεῶν Θέτιν ἆσσον ἐμεῖο,\nὄφρά τί οἱ εἴπω πυκινὸν ἔπος, ὥς κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nδώρων ἐκ Πριάμοιο λάχῃ ἀπό θʼ Ἕκτορα λύσῃ.", "en": "Then said Jove, “Juno, be not so bitter. Their honour shall not be equal, but of all that dwell in Ilius, Hector was dearest to the gods, as also to myself, for his offerings never failed me. Never was my altar stinted of its dues, nor of the drink-offerings and savour of sacrifice which we claim of right. I shall therefore permit the body of mighty Hector to be stolen; and yet this may hardly be without Achilles coming to know it, for his mother keeps night and day beside him. Let some one of you, therefore, send Thetis to me, and I will impart my counsel to her, namely that Achilles is to accept a ransom from Priam, and give up the body.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.77–92", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα,\nμεσσηγὺς δὲ Σάμου τε καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης\nἔνθορε μείλανι πόντῳ· ἐπεστονάχησε δὲ λίμνη.\nἣ δὲ μολυβδαίνῃ ἰκέλη ἐς βυσσὸν ὄρουσεν,\nἥ τε κατʼ ἀγραύλοιο βοὸς κέρας ἐμβεβαυῖα\nἔρχεται ὠμηστῇσιν ἐπʼ ἰχθύσι κῆρα φέρουσα.\nεὗρε δʼ ἐνὶ σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ Θέτιν, ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ἄλλαι\nεἵαθʼ ὁμηγερέες ἅλιαι θεαί· ἣ δʼ ἐνὶ μέσσῃς\nκλαῖε μόρον οὗ παιδὸς ἀμύμονος, ὅς οἱ ἔμελλε\nφθίσεσθʼ ἐν Τροίῃ ἐριβώλακι τηλόθι πάτρης.\nἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένη προσέφη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις·\nὄρσο Θέτι· καλέει Ζεὺς ἄφθιτα μήδεα εἰδώς.\nτὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα·\nτίπτέ με κεῖνος ἄνωγε μέγας θεός; αἰδέομαι δὲ\nμίσγεσθʼ ἀθανάτοισιν, ἔχω δʼ ἄχεʼ ἄκριτα θυμῷ.\nεἶμι μέν, οὐδʼ ἅλιον ἔπος ἔσσεται ὅττί κεν εἴπῃ.", "en": "On this Iris fleet as the wind went forth to carry his message. Down she plunged into the dark sea midway between Samos and rocky Imbrus; the waters hissed as they closed over her, and she sank into the bottom as the lead at the end of an ox-horn, that is sped to carry death to fishes. She found Thetis sitting in a great cave with the other sea-goddesses gathered round her; there she sat in the midst of them weeping for her noble son who was to fall far from his own land, on the rich plains of Troy. Iris went up to her and said, “Rise Thetis; Jove, whose counsels fail not, bids you come to him.” And Thetis answered, “Why does the mighty god so bid me? I am in great grief, and shrink from going in and out among the immortals. Still, I will go, and the word that he may speak shall not be spoken in vain.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.93–103", "orig": "ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα κάλυμμʼ ἕλε δῖα θεάων\nκυάνεον, τοῦ δʼ οὔ τι μελάντερον ἔπλετο ἔσθος.\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι, πρόσθεν δὲ ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις\nἡγεῖτʼ· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρα σφι λιάζετο κῦμα θαλάσσης.\nἀκτὴν δʼ ἐξαναβᾶσαι ἐς οὐρανὸν ἀϊχθήτην,\nεὗρον δʼ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην, περὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἅπαντες\nεἵαθʼ ὁμηγερέες μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες.\nἣ δʼ ἄρα πὰρ Διὶ πατρὶ καθέζετο, εἶξε δʼ Ἀθήνη.\nἭρη δὲ χρύσεον καλὸν δέπας ἐν χερὶ θῆκε\nκαί ῥʼ εὔφρηνʼ ἐπέεσσι· Θέτις δʼ ὤρεξε πιοῦσα.\nτοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε·", "en": "The goddess took her dark veil, than which there can be no robe more sombre, and went forth with fleet Iris leading the way before her. The waves of the sea opened them a path, and when they reached the shore they flew up into the heavens, where they found the all-seeing son of Saturn with the blessed gods that live for ever assembled near him. Minerva gave up her seat to her, and she sat down by the side of father Jove. Juno then placed a fair golden cup in her hand, and spoke to her in words of comfort, whereon Thetis drank and gave her back the cup; and the sire of gods and men was the first to speak." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.104–119", "orig": "ἤλυθες Οὔλυμπον δὲ θεὰ Θέτι κηδομένη περ,\nπένθος ἄλαστον ἔχουσα μετὰ φρεσίν· οἶδα καὶ αὐτός·\nἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐρέω τοῦ σʼ εἵνεκα δεῦρο κάλεσσα.\nἐννῆμαρ δὴ νεῖκος ἐν ἀθανάτοισιν ὄρωρεν\nἝκτορος ἀμφὶ νέκυι καὶ Ἀχιλλῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ·\nκλέψαι δʼ ὀτρύνουσιν ἐΰσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην·\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε κῦδος Ἀχιλλῆϊ προτιάπτω\nαἰδῶ καὶ φιλότητα τεὴν μετόπισθε φυλάσσων.\nαἶψα μάλʼ ἐς στρατὸν ἐλθὲ καὶ υἱέϊ σῷ ἐπίτειλον·\nσκύζεσθαί οἱ εἰπὲ θεούς, ἐμὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων\nἀθανάτων κεχολῶσθαι, ὅτι φρεσὶ μαινομένῃσιν\nἝκτορʼ ἔχει παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν οὐδʼ ἀπέλυσεν,\nαἴ κέν πως ἐμέ τε δείσῃ ἀπό θʼ Ἕκτορα λύσῃ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι Ἶριν ἐφήσω\nλύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,\nδῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν, τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ.", "en": "“So, goddess,” said he, “for all your sorrow, and the grief that I well know reigns ever in your heart, you have come hither to Olympus, and I will tell you why I have sent for you. This nine days past the immortals have been quarrelling about Achilles waster of cities and the body of Hector. The gods would have Mercury slayer of Argus steal the body, but in furtherance of our peace and amity henceforward, I will concede such honour to your son as I will now tell you. Go, then, to the host and lay these commands upon him; say that the gods are angry with him, and that I am myself more angry than them all, in that he keeps Hector at the ships and will not give him up. He may thus fear me and let the body go. At the same time I will send Iris to great Priam to bid him go to the ships of the Achaeans, and ransom his son, taking with him such gifts for Achilles as may give him satisfaction.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.120–137", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε θεὰ Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα,\nβῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων ἀΐξασα,\nἷξεν δʼ ἐς κλισίην οὗ υἱέος· ἔνθʼ ἄρα τόν γε\nεὗρʼ ἁδινὰ στενάχοντα· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι\nἐσσυμένως ἐπένοντο καὶ ἐντύνοντο ἄριστον·\nτοῖσι δʼ ὄϊς λάσιος μέγας ἐν κλισίῃ ἱέρευτο.\nἣ δὲ μάλʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο πότνια μήτηρ,\nχειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτέκνον ἐμὸν τέο μέχρις ὀδυρόμενος καὶ ἀχεύων\nσὴν ἔδεαι κραδίην μεμνημένος οὔτέ τι σίτου\nοὔτʼ εὐνῆς; ἀγαθὸν δὲ γυναικί περ ἐν φιλότητι\nμίσγεσθʼ· οὐ γάρ μοι δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη\nἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιή.\nἀλλʼ ἐμέθεν ξύνες ὦκα, Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι·\nσκύζεσθαι σοί φησι θεούς, ἑὲ δʼ ἔξοχα πάντων\nἀθανάτων κεχολῶσθαι, ὅτι φρεσὶ μαινομένῃσιν\nἝκτορʼ ἔχεις παρὰ νηυσὶ κορωνίσιν οὐδʼ ἀπέλυσας.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ λῦσον, νεκροῖο δὲ δέξαι ἄποινα.", "en": "Silver-footed Thetis did as the god had told her, and forthwith down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus. She went to her son’s tents where she found him grieving bitterly, while his trusty comrades round him were busy preparing their morning meal, for which they had killed a great woolly sheep. His mother sat down beside him and caressed him with her hand saying, “My son, how long will you keep on thus grieving and making moan? You are gnawing at your own heart, and think neither of food nor of woman’s embraces; and yet these too were well, for you have no long time to live, and death with the strong hand of fate are already close beside you. Now, therefore, heed what I say, for I come as a messenger from Jove; he says that the gods are angry with you, and himself more angry than them all, in that you keep Hector at the ships and will not give him up. Therefore let him go, and accept a ransom for his body.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.138–158", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nτῇδʼ εἴη· ὃς ἄποινα φέροι καὶ νεκρὸν ἄγοιτο,\nεἰ δὴ πρόφρονι θυμῷ Ὀλύμπιος αὐτὸς ἀνώγει.\nὣς οἵ γʼ ἐν νηῶν ἀγύρει μήτηρ τε καὶ υἱὸς\nπολλὰ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευον.\nἾριν δʼ ὄτρυνε Κρονίδης εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν·\nβάσκʼ ἴθι Ἶρι ταχεῖα λιποῦσʼ ἕδος Οὐλύμποιο\nἄγγειλον Πριάμῳ μεγαλήτορι Ἴλιον εἴσω\nλύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,\nδῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ\nοἶον, μὴ δέ τις ἄλλος ἅμα Τρώων ἴτω ἀνήρ.\nκῆρύξ τίς οἱ ἕποιτο γεραίτερος, ὅς κʼ ἰθύνοι\nἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον, ἠδὲ καὶ αὖτις\nνεκρὸν ἄγοι προτὶ ἄστυ, τὸν ἔκτανε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nμὴ δέ τί οἱ θάνατος μελέτω φρεσὶ μὴ δέ τι τάρβος·\nτοῖον γάρ οἱ πομπὸν ὀπάσσομεν ἀργεϊφόντην,\nὃς ἄξει εἷός κεν ἄγων Ἀχιλῆϊ πελάσσῃ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἀγάγῃσιν ἔσω κλισίην Ἀχιλῆος,\nοὔτʼ αὐτὸς κτενέει ἀπό τʼ ἄλλους πάντας ἐρύξει·\nοὔτε γάρ ἐστʼ ἄφρων οὔτʼ ἄσκοπος οὔτʼ ἀλιτήμων,\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐνδυκέως ἱκέτεω πεφιδήσεται ἀνδρός.", "en": "And Achilles answered, “So be it. If Olympian Jove of his own motion thus commands me, let him that brings the ransom bear the body away.”\nThus did mother and son talk together at the ships in long discourse with one another. Meanwhile the son of Saturn sent Iris to the strong city of Ilius. “Go,” said he, “fleet Iris, from the mansions of Olympus, and tell King Priam in Ilius, that he is to go to the ships of the Achaeans and free the body of his dear son. He is to take such gifts with him as shall give satisfaction to Achilles, and he is to go alone, with no other Trojan, save only some honoured servant who may drive his mules and waggon, and bring back the body of him whom noble Achilles has slain. Let him have no thought nor fear of death in his heart, for we will send the slayer of Argus to escort him, and bring him within the tent of Achilles. Achilles will not kill him nor let another do so, for he will take heed to his ways and sin not, and he will entreat a suppliant with all honourable courtesy.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.159–175", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δὲ Ἶρις ἀελλόπος ἀγγελέουσα.\nἷξεν δʼ ἐς Πριάμοιο, κίχεν δʼ ἐνοπήν τε γόον τε.\nπαῖδες μὲν πατέρʼ ἀμφὶ καθήμενοι ἔνδοθεν αὐλῆς\nδάκρυσιν εἵματʼ ἔφυρον, ὃ δʼ ἐν μέσσοισι γεραιὸς\nἐντυπὰς ἐν χλαίνῃ κεκαλυμμένος· ἀμφὶ δὲ πολλὴ\nκόπρος ἔην κεφαλῇ τε καὶ αὐχένι τοῖο γέροντος\nτήν ῥα κυλινδόμενος καταμήσατο χερσὶν ἑῇσι.\nθυγατέρες δʼ ἀνὰ δώματʼ ἰδὲ νυοὶ ὠδύροντο\nτῶν μιμνησκόμεναι οἳ δὴ πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοὶ\nχερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων κέατο ψυχὰς ὀλέσαντες.\nστῆ δὲ παρὰ Πρίαμον Διὸς ἄγγελος, ἠδὲ προσηύδα\nτυτθὸν φθεγξαμένη· τὸν δὲ τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα·\nθάρσει Δαρδανίδη Πρίαμε φρεσί, μὴ δέ τι τάρβει·\nοὐ μὲν γάρ τοι ἐγὼ κακὸν ὀσσομένη τόδʼ ἱκάνω\nἀλλʼ ἀγαθὰ φρονέουσα· Διὸς δέ τοι ἄγγελός εἰμι,\nὅς σευ ἄνευθεν ἐὼν μέγα κήδεται ἠδʼ ἐλεαίρει.\nλύσασθαί σʼ ἐκέλευσεν Ὀλύμπιος Ἕκτορα δῖον,", "en": "On this Iris, fleet as the wind, sped forth to deliver her message. She went to Priam’s house, and found weeping and lamentation therein. His sons were seated round their father in the outer courtyard, and their raiment was wet with tears: the old man sat in the midst of them with his mantle wrapped close about his body, and his head and neck all covered with the filth which he had clutched as he lay grovelling in the mire. His daughters and his sons’ wives went wailing about the house, as they thought of the many and brave men who lay dead, slain by the Argives. The messenger of Jove stood by Priam and spoke softly to him, but fear fell upon him as she did so. “Take heart,” she said, “Priam offspring of Dardanus, take heart and fear not. I bring no evil tidings, but am minded well towards you. I come as a messenger from Jove, who though he be not near, takes thought for you and pities you. The lord of Olympus bids you go and ransom noble Hector, and take with you such gifts as shall give satisfaction to Achilles." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.176–187", "orig": "δῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ\nοἶον, μὴ δέ τις ἄλλος ἅμα Τρώων ἴτω ἀνήρ.\nκῆρύξ τίς τοι ἕποιτο γεραίτερος, ὅς κʼ ἰθύνοι\nἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον, ἠδὲ καὶ αὖτις\nνεκρὸν ἄγοι προτὶ ἄστυ, τὸν ἔκτανε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.\nμὴ δέ τί τοι θάνατος μελέτω φρεσὶ μηδέ τι τάρβος·\nτοῖος γάρ τοι πομπὸς ἅμʼ ἕψεται ἀργεϊφόντης,\nὅς σʼ ἄξει εἷός κεν ἄγων Ἀχιλῆϊ πελάσσῃ.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἀγάγῃσιν ἔσω κλισίην Ἀχιλῆος,\nοὔτʼ αὐτὸς κτενέει ἀπό τʼ ἄλλους πάντας ἐρύξει·\nοὔτε γάρ ἔστʼ ἄφρων οὔτʼ ἄσκοπος οὔτʼ ἀλιτήμων,\nἀλλὰ μάλʼ ἐνδυκέως ἱκέτεω πεφιδήσεται ἀνδρός.", "en": "You are to go alone, with no Trojan, save only some honoured servant who may drive your mules and waggon, and bring back to the city the body of him whom noble Achilles has slain. You are to have no thought, nor fear of death, for Jove will send the slayer of Argus to escort you. When he has brought you within Achilles’ tent, Achilles will not kill you nor let another do so, for he will take heed to his ways and sin not, and he will entreat a suppliant with all honourable courtesy.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.188–199", "orig": "ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις,\nαὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ υἷας ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον ἡμιονείην\nὁπλίσαι ἠνώγει, πείρινθα δὲ δῆσαι ἐπʼ αὐτῆς.\nαὐτὸς δʼ ἐς θάλαμον κατεβήσετο κηώεντα\nκέδρινον ὑψόροφον, ὃς γλήνεα πολλὰ κεχάνδει·\nἐς δʼ ἄλοχον Ἑκάβην ἐκαλέσσατο φώνησέν τε·\nδαιμονίη Διόθεν μοι Ὀλύμπιος ἄγγελος ἦλθε\nλύσασθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἰόντʼ ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν,\nδῶρα δʼ Ἀχιλλῆϊ φερέμεν τά κε θυμὸν ἰήνῃ.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ τί τοι φρεσὶν εἴδεται εἶναι;\nαἰνῶς γάρ μʼ αὐτόν γε μένος καὶ θυμὸς ἄνωγε\nκεῖσʼ ἰέναι ἐπὶ νῆας ἔσω στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "Iris went her way when she had thus spoken, and Priam told his sons to get a mule-waggon ready, and to make the body of the waggon fast upon the top of its bed. Then he went down into his fragrant store-room, high-vaulted, and made of cedar-wood, where his many treasures were kept, and he called Hecuba his wife. “Wife,” said he, “a messenger has come to me from Olympus, and has told me to go to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom my dear son, taking with me such gifts as shall give satisfaction to Achilles. What think you of this matter? for my own part I am greatly moved to pass through the camps of the Achaeans and go to their ships.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.200–216", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, κώκυσεν δὲ γυνὴ καὶ ἀμείβετο μύθῳ·\nὤ μοι πῇ δή τοι φρένες οἴχονθʼ, ᾗς τὸ πάρος περ\nἔκλεʼ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ξείνους ἠδʼ οἷσιν ἀνάσσεις;\nπῶς ἐθέλεις ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέμεν οἶος\nἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς\nυἱέας ἐξενάριξε· σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ.\nεἰ γάρ σʼ αἱρήσει καὶ ἐσόψεται ὀφθαλμοῖσιν\nὠμηστὴς καὶ ἄπιστος ἀνὴρ ὅ γε οὔ σʼ ἐλεήσει,\nοὐδέ τί σʼ αἰδέσεται. νῦν δὲ κλαίωμεν ἄνευθεν\nἥμενοι ἐν μεγάρῳ· τῷ δʼ ὥς ποθι Μοῖρα κραταιὴ\nγιγνομένῳ ἐπένησε λίνῳ, ὅτε μιν τέκον αὐτή,\nἀργίποδας κύνας ἆσαι ἑῶν ἀπάνευθε τοκήων\nἀνδρὶ πάρα κρατερῷ, τοῦ ἐγὼ μέσον ἧπαρ ἔχοιμι\nἐσθέμεναι προσφῦσα· τότʼ ἄντιτα ἔργα γένοιτο\nπαιδὸς ἐμοῦ, ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑ κακιζόμενόν γε κατέκτα,\nἀλλὰ πρὸ Τρώων καὶ Τρωϊάδων βαθυκόλπων\nἑσταότʼ οὔτε φόβου μεμνημένον οὔτʼ ἀλεωρῆς.", "en": "His wife cried aloud as she heard him, and said, “Alas, what has become of that judgement for which you have been ever famous both among strangers and your own people? How can you venture alone to the ships of the Achaeans, and look into the face of him who has slain so many of your brave sons? You must have iron courage, for if the cruel savage sees you and lays hold on you, he will know neither respect nor pity. Let us then weep Hector from afar here in our own house, for when I gave him birth the threads of overruling fate were spun for him that dogs should eat his flesh far from his parents, in the house of that terrible man on whose liver I would fain fasten and devour it. Thus would I avenge my son, who showed no cowardice when Achilles slew him, and thought neither of flight nor of avoiding battle as he stood in defence of Trojan men and Trojan women.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.217–227", "orig": "τὴν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nμή μʼ ἐθέλοντʼ ἰέναι κατερύκανε, μὴ δέ μοι αὐτὴ\nὄρνις ἐνὶ μεγάροισι κακὸς πέλευ· οὐδέ με πείσεις.\nεἰ μὲν γάρ τίς μʼ ἄλλος ἐπιχθονίων ἐκέλευεν,\nἢ οἳ μάντιές εἰσι θυοσκόοι ἢ ἱερῆες,\nψεῦδός κεν φαῖμεν καὶ νοσφιζοίμεθα μᾶλλον·\nνῦν δʼ, αὐτὸς γὰρ ἄκουσα θεοῦ καὶ ἐσέδρακον ἄντην,\nεἶμι καὶ οὐχ ἅλιον ἔπος ἔσσεται. εἰ δέ μοι αἶσα\nτεθνάμεναι παρὰ νηυσὶν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων\nβούλομαι· αὐτίκα γάρ με κατακτείνειεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nἀγκὰς ἑλόντʼ ἐμὸν υἱόν, ἐπὴν γόου ἐξ ἔρον εἵην.", "en": "Then Priam said, “I would go, do not therefore stay me nor be as a bird of ill omen in my house, for you will not move me. Had it been some mortal man who had sent me some prophet or priest who divines from sacrifice, I should have deemed him false and have given him no heed; but now I have heard the goddess and seen her face to face, therefore I will go and her saying shall not be in vain. If it be my fate to die at the ships of the Achaeans even so would I have it; let Achilles slay me, if I may but first have taken my son in my arms and mourned him to my heart’s comforting.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.228–246", "orig": "ἦ καὶ φωριαμῶν ἐπιθήματα κάλʼ ἀνέῳγεν·\nἔνθεν δώδεκα μὲν περικαλλέας ἔξελε πέπλους,\nδώδεκα δʼ ἁπλοΐδας χλαίνας, τόσσους δὲ τάπητας,\nτόσσα δὲ φάρεα λευκά, τόσους δʼ ἐπὶ τοῖσι χιτῶνας.\nχρυσοῦ δὲ στήσας ἔφερεν δέκα πάντα τάλαντα,\nἐκ δὲ δύʼ αἴθωνας τρίποδας, πίσυρας δὲ λέβητας,\nἐκ δὲ δέπας περικαλλές, ὅ οἱ Θρῇκες πόρον ἄνδρες\nἐξεσίην ἐλθόντι μέγα κτέρας· οὐδέ νυ τοῦ περ\nφείσατʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροις ὃ γέρων, περὶ δʼ ἤθελε θυμῷ\nλύσασθαι φίλον υἱόν. ὃ δὲ Τρῶας μὲν ἅπαντας\nαἰθούσης ἀπέεργεν ἔπεσσʼ αἰσχροῖσιν ἐνίσσων·\nἔρρετε λωβητῆρες ἐλεγχέες· οὔ νυ καὶ ὑμῖν\nοἴκοι ἔνεστι γόος, ὅτι μʼ ἤλθετε κηδήσοντες;\nἦ ὀνόσασθʼ ὅτι μοι Κρονίδης Ζεὺς ἄλγεʼ ἔδωκε\nπαῖδʼ ὀλέσαι τὸν ἄριστον; ἀτὰρ γνώσεσθε καὶ ὔμμες·\nῥηΐτεροι γὰρ μᾶλλον Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὴ ἔσεσθε\nκείνου τεθνηῶτος ἐναιρέμεν. αὐτὰρ ἔγωγε\nπρὶν ἀλαπαζομένην τε πόλιν κεραϊζομένην τε\nὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδεῖν βαίην δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω.", "en": "So saying he lifted the lids of his chests, and took out twelve goodly vestments. He took also twelve cloaks of single fold, twelve rugs, twelve fair mantles, and an equal number of shirts. He weighed out ten talents of gold, and brought moreover two burnished tripods, four cauldrons, and a very beautiful cup which the Thracians had given him when he had gone to them on an embassy; it was very precious, but he grudged not even this, so eager was he to ransom the body of his son. Then he chased all the Trojans from the court and rebuked them with words of anger. “Out,” he cried, “shame and disgrace to me that you are. Have you no grief in your own homes that you are come to plague me here? Is it a small thing, think you, that the son of Saturn has sent this sorrow upon me, to lose the bravest of my sons? Nay, you shall prove it in person, for now he is gone the Achaeans will have easier work in killing you. As for me, let me go down within the house of Hades, ere mine eyes behold the sacking and wasting of the city.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.247–264", "orig": "ἦ καὶ σκηπανίῳ δίεπʼ ἀνέρας· οἳ δʼ ἴσαν ἔξω\nσπερχομένοιο γέροντος· ὃ δʼ υἱάσιν οἷσιν ὁμόκλα\nνεικείων Ἕλενόν τε Πάριν τʼ Ἀγάθωνά τε δῖον\nΠάμμονά τʼ Ἀντίφονόν τε βοὴν ἀγαθόν τε Πολίτην\nΔηΐφοβόν τε καὶ Ἱππόθοον καὶ δῖον Ἀγαυόν·\nἐννέα τοῖς ὃ γεραιὸς ὁμοκλήσας ἐκέλευε·\nσπεύσατέ μοι κακὰ τέκνα κατηφόνες· αἴθʼ ἅμα πάντες\nἝκτορος ὠφέλετʼ ἀντὶ θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι.\nὤ μοι ἐγὼ πανάποτμος, ἐπεὶ τέκον υἷας ἀρίστους\nΤροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ, τῶν δʼ οὔ τινά φημι λελεῖφθαι,\nΜήστορά τʼ ἀντίθεον καὶ Τρωΐλον ἱππιοχάρμην\nἝκτορά θʼ, ὃς θεὸς ἔσκε μετʼ ἀνδράσιν, οὐδὲ ἐῴκει\nἀνδρός γε θνητοῦ πάϊς ἔμμεναι ἀλλὰ θεοῖο.\nτοὺς μὲν ἀπώλεσʼ Ἄρης, τὰ δʼ ἐλέγχεα πάντα λέλειπται\nψεῦσταί τʼ ὀρχησταί τε χοροιτυπίῃσιν ἄριστοι\nἀρνῶν ἠδʼ ἐρίφων ἐπιδήμιοι ἁρπακτῆρες.\nοὐκ ἂν δή μοι ἄμαξαν ἐφοπλίσσαιτε τάχιστα,\nταῦτά τε πάντʼ ἐπιθεῖτε, ἵνα πρήσσωμεν ὁδοῖο;", "en": "He drove the men away with his staff, and they went forth as the old man sped them. Then he called to his sons, upbraiding Helenus, Paris, noble Agathon, Pammon, Antiphonus, Polites of the loud battle-cry, Deiphobus, Hippothous, and Dius. These nine did the old man call near him. “Come to me at once,” he cried, “worthless sons who do me shame; would that you had all been killed at the ships rather than Hector. Miserable man that I am, I have had the bravest sons in all Troy, noble Nestor, Troilus the dauntless charioteer, and Hector who was a god among men, so that one would have thought he was son to an immortal, yet there is not one of them left. Mars has slain them and those of whom I am ashamed are alone left me. Liars, and light of foot, heroes of the dance, robbers of lambs and kids from your own people, why do you not get a waggon ready for me at once, and put all these things upon it that I may set out on my way?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.265–280", "orig": "ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ὑποδείσαντες ὁμοκλὴν\nἐκ μὲν ἄμαξαν ἄειραν ἐΰτροχον ἡμιονείην\nκαλὴν πρωτοπαγέα, πείρινθα δὲ δῆσαν ἐπʼ αὐτῆς,\nκὰδ δʼ ἀπὸ πασσαλόφι ζυγὸν ᾕρεον ἡμιόνειον\nπύξινον ὀμφαλόεν εὖ οἰήκεσσιν ἀρηρός·\nἐκ δʼ ἔφερον ζυγόδεσμον ἅμα ζυγῷ ἐννεάπηχυ.\nκαὶ τὸ μὲν εὖ κατέθηκαν ἐϋξέστῳ ἐπὶ ῥυμῷ\nπέζῃ ἔπι πρώτῃ, ἐπὶ δὲ κρίκον ἕστορι βάλλον,\nτρὶς δʼ ἑκάτερθεν ἔδησαν ἐπʼ ὀμφαλόν, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nἑξείης κατέδησαν, ὑπὸ γλωχῖνα δʼ ἔκαμψαν.\nἐκ θαλάμου δὲ φέροντες ἐϋξέστης ἐπʼ ἀπήνης\nνήεον Ἑκτορέης κεφαλῆς ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα,\nζεῦξαν δʼ ἡμιόνους κρατερώνυχας ἐντεσιεργούς,\nτούς ῥά ποτε Πριάμῳ Μυσοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.\nἵππους δὲ Πριάμῳ ὕπαγον ζυγόν, οὓς ὃ γεραιὸς\nαὐτὸς ἔχων ἀτίταλλεν ἐϋξέστῃ ἐπὶ φάτνῃ.", "en": "Thus did he speak, and they feared the rebuke of their father. They brought out a strong mule-waggon, newly made, and set the body of the waggon fast on its bed. They took the mule-yoke from the peg on which it hung, a yoke of boxwood with a knob on the top of it and rings for the reins to go through. Then they brought a yoke-band eleven cubits long, to bind the yoke to the pole; they bound it on at the far end of the pole, and put the ring over the upright pin making it fast with three turns of the band on either side the knob, and bending the thong of the yoke beneath it. This done, they brought from the store-chamber the rich ransom that was to purchase the body of Hector, and they set it all orderly on the waggon; then they yoked the strong harness-mules which the Mysians had on a time given as a goodly present to Priam; but for Priam himself they yoked horses which the old king had bred, and kept for his own use." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.281–298", "orig": "τὼ μὲν ζευγνύσθην ἐν δώμασιν ὑψηλοῖσι\nκῆρυξ καὶ Πρίαμος πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδεʼ ἔχοντες·\nἀγχίμολον δέ σφʼ ἦλθʼ Ἑκάβη τετιηότι θυμῷ\nοἶνον ἔχουσʼ ἐν χειρὶ μελίφρονα δεξιτερῆφι\nχρυσέῳ ἐν δέπαϊ, ὄφρα λείψαντε κιοίτην·\nστῆ δʼ ἵππων προπάροιθεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε·\nτῆ σπεῖσον Διὶ πατρί, καὶ εὔχεο οἴκαδʼ ἱκέσθαι\nἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν, ἐπεὶ ἂρ σέ γε θυμὸς\nὀτρύνει ἐπὶ νῆας ἐμεῖο μὲν οὐκ ἐθελούσης.\nἀλλʼ εὔχεο σύ γʼ ἔπειτα κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι\nἸδαίῳ, ὅς τε Τροίην κατὰ πᾶσαν ὁρᾶται,\nαἴτει δʼ οἰωνὸν ταχὺν ἄγγελον, ὅς τέ οἱ αὐτῷ\nφίλτατος οἰωνῶν, καί εὑ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον,\nδεξιόν, ὄφρά μιν αὐτὸς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι νοήσας\nτῷ πίσυνος ἐπὶ νῆας ἴῃς Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων.\nεἰ δέ τοι οὐ δώσει ἑὸν ἄγγελον εὐρύοπα Ζεύς,\nοὐκ ἂν ἔγωγέ σʼ ἔπειτα ἐποτρύνουσα κελοίμην\nνῆας ἐπʼ Ἀργείων ἰέναι μάλα περ μεμαῶτα.", "en": "Thus heedfully did Priam and his servant see to the yolking of their cars at the palace. Then Hecuba came to them all sorrowful, with a golden goblet of wine in her right hand, that they might make a drink-offering before they set out. She stood in front of the horses and said, “Take this, make a drink-offering to father Jove, and since you are minded to go to the ships in spite of me, pray that you may come safely back from the hands of your enemies. Pray to the son of Saturn lord of the whirlwind, who sits on Ida and looks down over all Troy, pray him to send his swift messenger on your right hand, the bird of omen which is strongest and most dear to him of all birds, that you may see it with your own eyes and trust it as you go forth to the ships of the Danaans. If all-seeing Jove will not send you this messenger, however set upon it you may be, I would not have you go to the ships of the Argives.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.299–313", "orig": "τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nὦ γύναι οὐ μέν τοι τόδʼ ἐφιεμένῃ ἀπιθήσω.\nἐσθλὸν γὰρ Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχέμεν αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ.\nἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφίπολον ταμίην ὄτρυνʼ ὃ γεραιὸς\nχερσὶν ὕδωρ ἐπιχεῦαι ἀκήρατον· ἣ δὲ παρέστη\nχέρνιβον ἀμφίπολος πρόχοόν θʼ ἅμα χερσὶν ἔχουσα.\nνιψάμενος δὲ κύπελλον ἐδέξατο ἧς ἀλόχοιο·\nεὔχετʼ ἔπειτα στὰς μέσῳ ἕρκεϊ, λεῖβε δὲ οἶνον\nοὐρανὸν εἰσανιδών, καὶ φωνήσας ἔπος ηὔδα·\nΖεῦ πάτερ Ἴδηθεν μεδέων κύδιστε μέγιστε\nδός μʼ ἐς Ἀχιλλῆος φίλον ἐλθεῖν ἠδʼ ἐλεεινόν,\nπέμψον δʼ οἰωνὸν ταχὺν ἄγγελον, ὅς τε σοὶ αὐτῷ\nφίλτατος οἰωνῶν, καί εὑ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον,\nδεξιόν, ὄφρά μιν αὐτὸς ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι νοήσας\nτῷ πίσυνος ἐπὶ νῆας ἴω Δαναῶν ταχυπώλων.", "en": "And Priam answered, “Wife, I will do as you desire me; it is well to lift hands in prayer to Jove, if so be he may have mercy upon me.”\nWith this the old man bade the serving-woman pour pure water over his hands, and the woman came, bearing the water in a bowl. He washed his hands and took the cup from his wife; then he made the drink-offering and prayed, standing in the middle of the courtyard and turning his eyes to heaven. “Father Jove,” he said, “that rulest from Ida, most glorious and most great, grant that I may be received kindly and compassionately in the tents of Achilles; and send your swift messenger upon my right hand, the bird of omen which is strongest and most dear to you of all birds, that I may see it with my own eyes and trust it as I go forth to the ships of the Danaans.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.314–330", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δʼ ἔκλυε μητίετα Ζεὺς\nαὐτίκα δʼ αἰετὸν ἧκε τελειότατον πετεηνῶν\nμόρφνον θηρητῆρʼ ὃν καὶ περκνὸν καλέουσιν.\nὅσση δʼ ὑψορόφοιο θύρη θαλάμοιο τέτυκται\nἀνέρος ἀφνειοῖο ἐῢ κληῗσʼ ἀραρυῖα,\nτόσσʼ ἄρα τοῦ ἑκάτερθεν ἔσαν πτερά· εἴσατο δέ σφι\nδεξιὸς ἀΐξας διὰ ἄστεος· οἳ δὲ ἰδόντες\nγήθησαν, καὶ πᾶσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη.\nσπερχόμενος δʼ ὃ γεραιὸς ἑοῦ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου,\nἐκ δʼ ἔλασε προθύροιο καὶ αἰθούσης ἐριδούπου.\nπρόσθε μὲν ἡμίονοι ἕλκον τετράκυκλον ἀπήνην,\nτὰς Ἰδαῖος ἔλαυνε δαΐφρων· αὐτὰρ ὄπισθεν\nἵπποι, τοὺς ὃ γέρων ἐφέπων μάστιγι κέλευε\nκαρπαλίμως κατὰ ἄστυ· φίλοι δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο\nπόλλʼ ὀλοφυρόμενοι ὡς εἰ θάνατον δὲ κιόντα.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν πόλιος κατέβαν, πεδίον δʼ ἀφίκοντο,\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἄψορροι προτὶ Ἴλιον ἀπονέοντο", "en": "So did he pray, and Jove the lord of counsel heard his prayer. Forthwith he sent an eagle, the most unerring portent of all birds that fly, the dusky hunter that men also call the Black Eagle. His wings were spread abroad on either side as wide as the well-made and well-bolted door of a rich man’s chamber. He came to them flying over the city upon their right hands, and when they saw him they were glad and their hearts took comfort within them. The old man made haste to mount his chariot, and drove out through the inner gateway and under the echoing gatehouse of the outer court. Before him went the mules drawing the four-wheeled waggon, and driven by wise Idaeus; behind these were the horses, which the old man lashed with his whip and drove swiftly through the city, while his friends followed after, wailing and lamenting for him as though he were on his road to death. As soon as they had come down from the city and had reached the plain, his sons and sons-in-law who had followed him went back to Ilius." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.331–348", "orig": "παῖδες καὶ γαμβροί, τὼ δʼ οὐ λάθον εὐρύοπα Ζῆν\nἐς πεδίον προφανέντε· ἰδὼν δʼ ἐλέησε γέροντα,\nαἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Ἑρμείαν υἱὸν φίλον ἀντίον ηὔδα·\nἙρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν\nἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι, καί τʼ ἔκλυες ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα,\nβάσκʼ ἴθι καὶ Πρίαμον κοίλας ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nὣς ἄγαγʼ, ὡς μήτʼ ἄρ τις ἴδῃ μήτʼ ἄρ τε νοήσῃ\nτῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν, πρὶν Πηλεΐωνα δʼ ἱκέσθαι.\nὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης.\nαὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα\nἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν\nἠδʼ ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο·\nεἵλετο δὲ ῥάβδον, τῇ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ὄμματα θέλγει\nὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει·\nτὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων πέτετο κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης.\nαἶψα δʼ ἄρα Τροίην τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκανε,\nβῆ δʼ ἰέναι κούρῳ αἰσυμνητῆρι ἐοικὼς\nπρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ, τοῦ περ χαριεστάτη ἥβη.", "en": "But Priam and Idaeus as they showed out upon the plain did not escape the ken of all-seeing Jove, who looked down upon the old man and pitied him; then he spoke to his son Mercury and said, “Mercury, for it is you who are the most disposed to escort men on their way, and to hear those whom you will hear, go, and so conduct Priam to the ships of the Achaeans that no other of the Danaans shall see him nor take note of him until he reach the son of Peleus.”\nThus he spoke and Mercury, guide and guardian, slayer of Argus, did as he was told. Forthwith he bound on his glittering golden sandals with which he could fly like the wind over land and sea; he took the wand with which he seals men’s eyes in sleep, or wakes them just as he pleases, and flew holding it in his hand till he came to Troy and to the Hellespont. To look at, he was like a young man of noble birth in the hey-day of his youth and beauty with the down just coming upon his face." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.349–363", "orig": "οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν μέγα σῆμα παρὲξ Ἴλοιο ἔλασσαν,\nστῆσαν ἄρʼ ἡμιόνους τε καὶ ἵππους ὄφρα πίοιεν\nἐν ποταμῷ· δὴ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἤλυθε γαῖαν.\nτὸν δʼ ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο ἰδὼν ἐφράσσατο κῆρυξ\nἙρμείαν, ποτὶ δὲ Πρίαμον φάτο φώνησέν τε·\nφράζεο Δαρδανίδη· φραδέος νόου ἔργα τέτυκται.\nἄνδρʼ ὁρόω, τάχα δʼ ἄμμε διαρραίσεσθαι ὀΐω.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ φεύγωμεν ἐφʼ ἵππων, ἤ μιν ἔπειτα\nγούνων ἁψάμενοι λιτανεύσομεν αἴ κʼ ἐλεήσῃ.\nὣς φάτο, σὺν δὲ γέροντι νόος χύτο, δείδιε δʼ αἰνῶς,\nὀρθαὶ δὲ τρίχες ἔσταν ἐνὶ γναμπτοῖσι μέλεσσι,\nστῆ δὲ ταφών· αὐτὸς δʼ ἐριούνιος ἐγγύθεν ἐλθὼν\nχεῖρα γέροντος ἑλὼν ἐξείρετο καὶ προσέειπε·\nπῇ πάτερ ὧδʼ ἵππους τε καὶ ἡμιόνους ἰθύνεις\nνύκτα διʼ ἀμβροσίην, ὅτε θʼ εὕδουσι βροτοὶ ἄλλοι;", "en": "Now when Priam and Idaeus had driven past the great tomb of Ilius, they stayed their mules and horses that they might drink in the river, for the shades of night were falling, when, therefore, Idaeus saw Mercury standing near them he said to Priam, “Take heed, descendant of Dardanus; here is matter which demands consideration. I see a man who I think will presently fall upon us; let us fly with our horses, or at least embrace his knees and implore him to take compassion upon us?”\nWhen he heard this the old man’s heart failed him, and he was in great fear; he stayed where he was as one dazed, and the hair stood on end over his whole body; but the bringer of good luck came up to him and took him by the hand, saying, “Whither, father, are you thus driving your mules and horses in the dead of night when other men are asleep?" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.364–377", "orig": "οὐδὲ σύ γʼ ἔδεισας μένεα πνείοντας Ἀχαιούς,\nοἵ τοι δυσμενέες καὶ ἀνάρσιοι ἐγγὺς ἔασι;\nτῶν εἴ τίς σε ἴδοιτο θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν\nτοσσάδʼ ὀνείατʼ ἄγοντα, τίς ἂν δή τοι νόος εἴη;\nοὔτʼ αὐτὸς νέος ἐσσί, γέρων δέ τοι οὗτος ὀπηδεῖ,\nἄνδρʼ ἀπαμύνασθαι, ὅτε τις πρότερος χαλεπήνῃ.\nἀλλʼ ἐγὼ οὐδέν σε ῥέξω κακά, καὶ δέ κεν ἄλλον\nσεῦ ἀπαλεξήσαιμι· φίλῳ δέ σε πατρὶ ἐΐσκω.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nοὕτω πῃ τάδε γʼ ἐστὶ φίλον τέκος ὡς ἀγορεύεις.\nἀλλʼ ἔτι τις καὶ ἐμεῖο θεῶν ὑπερέσχεθε χεῖρα,\nὅς μοι τοιόνδʼ ἧκεν ὁδοιπόρον ἀντιβολῆσαι\nαἴσιον, οἷος δὴ σὺ δέμας καὶ εἶδος ἀγητός,\nπέπνυσαί τε νόῳ, μακάρων δʼ ἔξεσσι τοκήων.", "en": "Are you not afraid of the fierce Achaeans who are hard by you, so cruel and relentless? Should some one of them see you bearing so much treasure through the darkness of the flying night, what would not your state then be? You are no longer young, and he who is with you is too old to protect you from those who would attack you. For myself, I will do you no harm, and I will defend you from any one else, for you remind me of my own father.”\nAnd Priam answered, “It is indeed as you say, my dear son; nevertheless some god has held his hand over me, in that he has sent such a wayfarer as yourself to meet me so opportunely; you are so comely in mien and figure, and your judgement is so excellent that you must come of blessed parents.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.378–388", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·\nναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,\nἠέ πῃ ἐκπέμπεις κειμήλια πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὰ\nἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαποὺς ἵνα περ τάδε τοι σόα μίμνῃ,\nἦ ἤδη πάντες καταλείπετε Ἴλιον ἱρὴν\nδειδιότες· τοῖος γὰρ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ὄλωλε\nσὸς πάϊς· οὐ μὲν γάρ τι μάχης ἐπιδεύετʼ Ἀχαιῶν.\nτὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nτίς δὲ σύ ἐσσι φέριστε τέων δʼ ἔξεσσι τοκήων;\nὥς μοι καλὰ τὸν οἶτον ἀπότμου παιδὸς ἔνισπες.", "en": "Then said the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, “Sir, all that you have said is right; but tell me and tell me true, are you taking this rich treasure to send it to a foreign people where it may be safe, or are you all leaving strong Ilius in dismay now that your son has fallen who was the bravest man among you and was never lacking in battle with the Achaeans?”\nAnd Priam said, “Who are you, my friend, and who are your parents, that you speak so truly about the fate of my unhappy son?”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.389–404", "orig": "τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·\nπειρᾷ ἐμεῖο γεραιὲ καὶ εἴρεαι Ἕκτορα δῖον.\nτὸν μὲν ἐγὼ μάλα πολλὰ μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ\nὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὄπωπα, καὶ εὖτʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἐλάσσας\nἈργείους κτείνεσκε δαΐζων ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ·\nἡμεῖς δʼ ἑσταότες θαυμάζομεν· οὐ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nεἴα μάρνασθαι κεχολωμένος Ἀτρεΐωνι.\nτοῦ γὰρ ἐγὼ θεράπων, μία δʼ ἤγαγε νηῦς εὐεργής·\nΜυρμιδόνων δʼ ἔξειμι, πατὴρ δέ μοί ἐστι Πολύκτωρ.\nἀφνειὸς μὲν ὅ γʼ ἐστί, γέρων δὲ δὴ ὡς σύ περ ὧδε,\nἓξ δέ οἱ υἷες ἔασιν, ἐγὼ δέ οἱ ἕβδομός εἰμι·\nτῶν μέτα παλλόμενος κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδʼ ἕπεσθαι.\nνῦν δʼ ἦλθον πεδίον δʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν· ἠῶθεν γὰρ\nθήσονται περὶ ἄστυ μάχην ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοί.\nἀσχαλόωσι γὰρ οἵδε καθήμενοι, οὐδὲ δύνανται\nἴσχειν ἐσσυμένους πολέμου βασιλῆες Ἀχαιῶν.", "en": "The slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, answered him, “Sir, you would prove me, that you question me about noble Hector. Many a time have I set eyes upon him in battle when he was driving the Argives to their ships and putting them to the sword. We stood still and marvelled, for Achilles in his anger with the son of Atreus suffered us not to fight. I am his squire, and came with him in the same ship. I am a Myrmidon, and my father’s name is Polyctor: he is a rich man and about as old as you are; he has six sons besides myself, and I am the seventh. We cast lots, and it fell upon me to sail hither with Achilles. I am now come from the ships on to the plain, for with daybreak the Achaeans will set battle in array about the city. They chafe at doing nothing, and are so eager that their princes cannot hold them back.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.405–423", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nεἰ μὲν δὴ θεράπων Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος\nεἴς, ἄγε δή μοι πᾶσαν ἀληθείην κατάλεξον,\nἢ ἔτι πὰρ νήεσσιν ἐμὸς πάϊς, ἦέ μιν ἤδη\nᾗσι κυσὶν μελεϊστὶ ταμὼν προύθηκεν Ἀχιλλεύς.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·\nὦ γέρον οὔ πω τόν γε κύνες φάγον οὐδʼ οἰωνοί,\nἀλλʼ ἔτι κεῖνος κεῖται Ἀχιλλῆος παρὰ νηῒ\nαὔτως ἐν κλισίῃσι· δυωδεκάτη δέ οἱ ἠὼς\nκειμένῳ, οὐδέ τί οἱ χρὼς σήπεται, οὐδέ μιν εὐλαὶ\nἔσθουσʼ, αἵ ῥά τε φῶτας ἀρηϊφάτους κατέδουσιν.\nἦ μέν μιν περὶ σῆμα ἑοῦ ἑτάροιο φίλοιο\nἕλκει ἀκηδέστως ἠὼς ὅτε δῖα φανήῃ,\nοὐδέ μιν αἰσχύνει· θηοῖό κεν αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν\nοἷον ἐερσήεις κεῖται, περὶ δʼ αἷμα νένιπται,\nοὐδέ ποθι μιαρός· σὺν δʼ ἕλκεα πάντα μέμυκεν\nὅσσʼ ἐτύπη· πολέες γὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ χαλκὸν ἔλασσαν.\nὥς τοι κήδονται μάκαρες θεοὶ υἷος ἑῆος\nκαὶ νέκυός περ ἐόντος, ἐπεί σφι φίλος περὶ κῆρι.", "en": "Then answered Priam, “If you are indeed the squire of Achilles son of Peleus, tell me now the whole truth. Is my son still at the ships, or has Achilles hewn him limb from limb, and given him to his hounds?”\n“Sir,” replied the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, “neither hounds nor vultures have yet devoured him; he is still just lying at the tents by the ship of Achilles, and though it is now twelve days that he has lain there, his flesh is not wasted nor have the worms eaten him although they feed on warriors. At daybreak Achilles drags him cruelly round the sepulchre of his dear comrade, but it does him no hurt. You should come yourself and see how he lies fresh as dew, with the blood all washed away, and his wounds every one of them closed though many pierced him with their spears. Such care have the blessed gods taken of your brave son, for he was dear to them beyond all measure.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.424–439", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, καὶ ἀμείβετο μύθῳ·\nὦ τέκος, ἦ ῥʼ ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἐναίσιμα δῶρα διδοῦναι\nἀθανάτοις, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποτʼ ἐμὸς πάϊς, εἴ ποτʼ ἔην γε,\nλήθετʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισι θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι·\nτώ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο καὶ ἐν θανάτοιό περ αἴσῃ.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ τόδε δέξαι ἐμεῦ πάρα καλὸν ἄλεισον,\nαὐτόν τε ῥῦσαι, πέμψον δέ με σύν γε θεοῖσιν,\nὄφρά κεν ἐς κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω ἀφίκωμαι.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης·\nπειρᾷ ἐμεῖο γεραιὲ νεωτέρου, οὐδέ με πείσεις,\nὅς με κέλῃ σέο δῶρα παρὲξ Ἀχιλῆα δέχεσθαι.\nτὸν μὲν ἐγὼ δείδοικα καὶ αἰδέομαι περὶ κῆρι\nσυλεύειν, μή μοί τι κακὸν μετόπισθε γένηται.\nσοὶ δʼ ἂν ἐγὼ πομπὸς καί κε κλυτὸν Ἄργος ἱκοίμην,\nἐνδυκέως ἐν νηῒ θοῇ ἢ πεζὸς ὁμαρτέων·\nοὐκ ἄν τίς τοι πομπὸν ὀνοσσάμενος μαχέσαιτο.", "en": "The old man was comforted as he heard him and said, “My son, see what a good thing it is to have made due offerings to the immortals; for as sure as that he was born my son never forgot the gods that hold Olympus, and now they requite it to him even in death. Accept therefore at my hands this goodly chalice; guard me and with heaven’s help guide me till I come to the tent of the son of Peleus.”\nThen answered the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, “Sir, you are tempting me and playing upon my youth, but you shall not move me, for you are offering me presents without the knowledge of Achilles whom I fear and hold it great guilt to defraud, lest some evil presently befall me; but as your guide I would go with you even to Argos itself, and would guard you so carefully whether by sea or land, that no one should attack you through making light of him who was with you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.440–459", "orig": "ἦ καὶ ἀναΐξας ἐριούνιος ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους\nκαρπαλίμως μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία λάζετο χερσίν,\nἐν δʼ ἔπνευσʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἡμιόνοις μένος ἠΰ.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πύργους τε νεῶν καὶ τάφρον ἵκοντο,\nοἳ δὲ νέον περὶ δόρπα φυλακτῆρες πονέοντο,\nτοῖσι δʼ ἐφʼ ὕπνον ἔχευε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης\nπᾶσιν, ἄφαρ δʼ ὤϊξε πύλας καὶ ἀπῶσεν ὀχῆας,\nἐς δʼ ἄγαγε Πρίαμόν τε καὶ ἀγλαὰ δῶρʼ ἐπʼ ἀπήνης.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ κλισίην Πηληϊάδεω ἀφίκοντο\nὑψηλήν, τὴν Μυρμιδόνες ποίησαν ἄνακτι\nδοῦρʼ ἐλάτης κέρσαντες· ἀτὰρ καθύπερθεν ἔρεψαν\nλαχνήεντʼ ὄροφον λειμωνόθεν ἀμήσαντες·\nἀμφὶ δέ οἱ μεγάλην αὐλὴν ποίησαν ἄνακτι\nσταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι· θύρην δʼ ἔχε μοῦνος ἐπιβλὴς\nεἰλάτινος, τὸν τρεῖς μὲν ἐπιρρήσσεσκον Ἀχαιοί,\nτρεῖς δʼ ἀναοίγεσκον μεγάλην κληῗδα θυράων\nτῶν ἄλλων· Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπιρρήσσεσκε καὶ οἶος·\nδή ῥα τόθʼ Ἑρμείας ἐριούνιος ᾦξε γέροντι,\nἐς δʼ ἄγαγε κλυτὰ δῶρα ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι,\nἐξ ἵππων δʼ ἀπέβαινεν ἐπὶ χθόνα φώνησέν τε·", "en": "The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships, those who were on guard had just been getting their suppers, and the slayer of Argus threw them all into a deep sleep. Then he drew back the bolts to open the gates, and took Priam inside with the treasure he had upon his waggon. Ere long they came to the lofty dwelling of the son of Peleus for which the Myrmidons had cut pine and which they had built for their king; when they had built it they thatched it with coarse tussock-grass which they had mown out on the plain, and all round it they made a large courtyard, which was fenced with stakes set close together. The gate was barred with a single bolt of pine which it took three men to force into its place, and three to draw back so as to open the gate, but Achilles could draw it by himself. Mercury opened the gate for the old man, and brought in the treasure that he was taking with him for the son of Peleus." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.460–479", "orig": "ὦ γέρον ἤτοι ἐγὼ θεὸς ἄμβροτος εἰλήλουθα\nἙρμείας· σοὶ γάρ με πατὴρ ἅμα πομπὸν ὄπασσεν.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ πάλιν εἴσομαι, οὐδʼ Ἀχιλῆος\nὀφθαλμοὺς εἴσειμι· νεμεσσητὸν δέ κεν εἴη\nἀθάνατον θεὸν ὧδε βροτοὺς ἀγαπαζέμεν ἄντην·\nτύνη δʼ εἰσελθὼν λαβὲ γούνατα Πηλεΐωνος,\nκαί μιν ὑπὲρ πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος ἠϋκόμοιο\nλίσσεο καὶ τέκεος, ἵνα οἱ σὺν θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἀπέβη πρὸς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον\nἙρμείας· Πρίαμος δʼ ἐξ ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε,\nἸδαῖον δὲ κατʼ αὖθι λίπεν· ὃ δὲ μίμνεν ἐρύκων\nἵππους ἡμιόνους τε· γέρων δʼ ἰθὺς κίεν οἴκου,\nτῇ ῥʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἵζεσκε Διῒ φίλος· ἐν δέ μιν αὐτὸν\nεὗρʼ, ἕταροι δʼ ἀπάνευθε καθήατο· τὼ δὲ δύʼ οἴω\nἥρως Αὐτομέδων τε καὶ Ἄλκιμος ὄζος Ἄρηος\nποίπνυον παρεόντε· νέον δʼ ἀπέληγεν ἐδωδῆς\nἔσθων καὶ πίνων· ἔτι καὶ παρέκειτο τράπεζα.\nτοὺς δʼ ἔλαθʼ εἰσελθὼν Πρίαμος μέγας, ἄγχι δʼ ἄρα στὰς\nχερσὶν Ἀχιλλῆος λάβε γούνατα καὶ κύσε χεῖρας\nδεινὰς ἀνδροφόνους, αἵ οἱ πολέας κτάνον υἷας.", "en": "Then he sprang from the chariot on to the ground and said, “Sir, it is I, immortal Mercury, that am come with you, for my father sent me to escort you. I will now leave you, and will not enter into the presence of Achilles, for it might anger him that a god should befriend mortal men thus openly. Go you within, and embrace the knees of the son of Peleus: beseech him by his father, his lovely mother, and his son; thus you may move him.”\nWith these words Mercury went back to high Olympus. Priam sprang from his chariot to the ground, leaving Idaeus where he was, in charge of the mules and horses. The old man went straight into the house where Achilles, loved of the gods, was sitting. There he found him with his men seated at a distance from him: only two, the hero Automedon, and Alcimus of the race of Mars, were busy in attendance about his person, for he had but just done eating and drinking, and the table was still there. King Priam entered without their seeing him, and going right up to Achilles he clasped his knees and kissed the dread murderous hands that had slain so many of his sons." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.480–494", "orig": "ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἄνδρʼ ἄτη πυκινὴ λάβῃ, ὅς τʼ ἐνὶ πάτρῃ\nφῶτα κατακτείνας ἄλλων ἐξίκετο δῆμον\nἀνδρὸς ἐς ἀφνειοῦ, θάμβος δʼ ἔχει εἰσορόωντας,\nὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν ἰδὼν Πρίαμον θεοειδέα·\nθάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι, ἐς ἀλλήλους δὲ ἴδοντο.\nτὸν καὶ λισσόμενος Πρίαμος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε·\nμνῆσαι πατρὸς σοῖο θεοῖς ἐπιείκελʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ,\nτηλίκου ὥς περ ἐγών, ὀλοῷ ἐπὶ γήραος οὐδῷ·\nκαὶ μέν που κεῖνον περιναιέται ἀμφὶς ἐόντες\nτείρουσʼ, οὐδέ τίς ἐστιν ἀρὴν καὶ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι.\nἀλλʼ ἤτοι κεῖνός γε σέθεν ζώοντος ἀκούων\nχαίρει τʼ ἐν θυμῷ, ἐπί τʼ ἔλπεται ἤματα πάντα\nὄψεσθαι φίλον υἱὸν ἀπὸ Τροίηθεν ἰόντα·\nαὐτὰρ ἐγὼ πανάποτμος, ἐπεὶ τέκον υἷας ἀρίστους\nΤροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ, τῶν δʼ οὔ τινά φημι λελεῖφθαι.", "en": "As when some cruel spite has befallen a man that he should have killed some one in his own country, and must fly to a great man’s protection in a land of strangers, and all marvel who see him, even so did Achilles marvel as he beheld Priam. The others looked one to another and marvelled also, but Priam besought Achilles saying, “Think of your father, O Achilles like unto the gods, who is such even as I am, on the sad threshold of old age. It may be that those who dwell near him harass him, and there is none to keep war and ruin from him. Yet when he hears of you being still alive, he is glad, and his days are full of hope that he shall see his dear son come home to him from Troy; but I, wretched man that I am, had the bravest in all Troy for my sons, and there is not one of them left." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.495–506", "orig": "πεντήκοντά μοι ἦσαν ὅτʼ ἤλυθον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν·\nἐννεακαίδεκα μέν μοι ἰῆς ἐκ νηδύος ἦσαν,\nτοὺς δʼ ἄλλους μοι ἔτικτον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι γυναῖκες.\nτῶν μὲν πολλῶν θοῦρος Ἄρης ὑπὸ γούνατʼ ἔλυσεν·\nὃς δέ μοι οἶος ἔην, εἴρυτο δὲ ἄστυ καὶ αὐτούς,\nτὸν σὺ πρῴην κτεῖνας ἀμυνόμενον περὶ πάτρης\nἝκτορα· τοῦ νῦν εἵνεχʼ ἱκάνω νῆας Ἀχαιῶν\nλυσόμενος παρὰ σεῖο, φέρω δʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα.\nἀλλʼ αἰδεῖο θεοὺς Ἀχιλεῦ, αὐτόν τʼ ἐλέησον\nμνησάμενος σοῦ πατρός· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐλεεινότερός περ,\nἔτλην δʼ οἷʼ οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθόνιος βροτὸς ἄλλος,\nἀνδρὸς παιδοφόνοιο ποτὶ στόμα χεῖρʼ ὀρέγεσθαι.", "en": "I had fifty sons when the Achaeans came here; nineteen of them were from a single womb, and the others were borne to me by the women of my household. The greater part of them has fierce Mars laid low, and Hector, him who was alone left, him who was the guardian of the city and ourselves, him have you lately slain; therefore I am now come to the ships of the Achaeans to ransom his body from you with a great ransom. Fear, O Achilles, the wrath of heaven; think on your own father and have compassion upon me, who am the more pitiable, for I have steeled myself as no man yet has ever steeled himself before me, and have raised to my lips the hand of him who slew my son.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.507–521", "orig": "ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα πατρὸς ὑφʼ ἵμερον ὦρσε γόοιο·\nἁψάμενος δʼ ἄρα χειρὸς ἀπώσατο ἦκα γέροντα.\nτὼ δὲ μνησαμένω ὃ μὲν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο\nκλαῖʼ ἁδινὰ προπάροιθε ποδῶν Ἀχιλῆος ἐλυσθείς,\nαὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς κλαῖεν ἑὸν πατέρʼ, ἄλλοτε δʼ αὖτε\nΠάτροκλον· τῶν δὲ στοναχὴ κατὰ δώματʼ ὀρώρει.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥα γόοιο τετάρπετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nκαί οἱ ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθʼ ἵμερος ἠδʼ ἀπὸ γυίων,\nαὐτίκʼ ἀπὸ θρόνου ὦρτο, γέροντα δὲ χειρὸς ἀνίστη\nοἰκτίρων πολιόν τε κάρη πολιόν τε γένειον,\nκαί μιν φωνήσας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα·\nἆ δείλʼ, ἦ δὴ πολλὰ κάκʼ ἄνσχεο σὸν κατὰ θυμόν.\nπῶς ἔτλης ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθέμεν οἶος\nἀνδρὸς ἐς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὅς τοι πολέας τε καὶ ἐσθλοὺς\nυἱέας ἐξενάριξα; σιδήρειόν νύ τοι ἦτορ.", "en": "Thus spoke Priam, and the heart of Achilles yearned as he bethought him of his father. He took the old man’s hand and moved him gently away. The two wept bitterly, Priam, as he lay at Achilles’ feet, weeping for Hector, and Achilles now for his father and now for Patroclus, till the house was filled with their lamentation. But when Achilles was now sated with grief and had unburthened the bitterness of his sorrow, he left his seat and raised the old man by the hand, in pity for his white hair and beard; then he said, “Unhappy man, you have indeed been greatly daring; how could you venture to come alone to the ships of the Achaeans, and enter the presence of him who has slain so many of your brave sons? You must have iron courage: sit now upon this seat, and for all our grief we will hide our sorrows in our hearts, for weeping will not avail us." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.522–537", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζευ ἐπὶ θρόνου, ἄλγεα δʼ ἔμπης\nἐν θυμῷ κατακεῖσθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ·\nοὐ γάρ τις πρῆξις πέλεται κρυεροῖο γόοιο·\nὡς γὰρ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ δειλοῖσι βροτοῖσι\nζώειν ἀχνυμένοις· αὐτοὶ δέ τʼ ἀκηδέες εἰσί.\nδοιοὶ γάρ τε πίθοι κατακείαται ἐν Διὸς οὔδει\nδώρων οἷα δίδωσι κακῶν, ἕτερος δὲ ἑάων·\nᾧ μέν κʼ ἀμμίξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος,\nἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται, ἄλλοτε δʼ ἐσθλῷ·\nᾧ δέ κε τῶν λυγρῶν δώῃ, λωβητὸν ἔθηκε,\nκαί ἑ κακὴ βούβρωστις ἐπὶ χθόνα δῖαν ἐλαύνει,\nφοιτᾷ δʼ οὔτε θεοῖσι τετιμένος οὔτε βροτοῖσιν.\nὣς μὲν καὶ Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα\nἐκ γενετῆς· πάντας γὰρ ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπους ἐκέκαστο\nὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε, ἄνασσε δὲ Μυρμιδόνεσσι,\nκαί οἱ θνητῷ ἐόντι θεὰν ποίησαν ἄκοιτιν.", "en": "The immortals know no care, yet the lot they spin for man is full of sorrow; on the floor of Jove’s palace there stand two urns, the one filled with evil gifts, and the other with good ones. He for whom Jove the lord of thunder mixes the gifts he sends, will meet now with good and now with evil fortune; but he to whom Jove sends none but evil gifts will be pointed at by the finger of scorn, the hand of famine will pursue him to the ends of the world, and he will go up and down the face of the earth, respected neither by gods nor men. Even so did it befall Peleus; the gods endowed him with all good things from his birth upwards, for he reigned over the Myrmidons excelling all men in prosperity and wealth, and mortal though he was they gave him a goddess for his bride." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.538–551", "orig": "ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ καὶ τῷ θῆκε θεὸς κακόν, ὅττί οἱ οὔ τι\nπαίδων ἐν μεγάροισι γονὴ γένετο κρειόντων,\nἀλλʼ ἕνα παῖδα τέκεν παναώριον· οὐδέ νυ τόν γε\nγηράσκοντα κομίζω, ἐπεὶ μάλα τηλόθι πάτρης\nἧμαι ἐνὶ Τροίῃ, σέ τε κήδων ἠδὲ σὰ τέκνα.\nκαὶ σὲ γέρον τὸ πρὶν μὲν ἀκούομεν ὄλβιον εἶναι·\nὅσσον Λέσβος ἄνω Μάκαρος ἕδος ἐντὸς ἐέργει\nκαὶ Φρυγίη καθύπερθε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντος ἀπείρων,\nτῶν σε γέρον πλούτῳ τε καὶ υἱάσι φασὶ κεκάσθαι.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεί τοι πῆμα τόδʼ ἤγαγον Οὐρανίωνες\nαἰεί τοι περὶ ἄστυ μάχαι τʼ ἀνδροκτασίαι τε.\nἄνσχεο, μὴ δʼ ἀλίαστον ὀδύρεο σὸν κατὰ θυμόν·\nοὐ γάρ τι πρήξεις ἀκαχήμενος υἷος ἑῆος,\nοὐδέ μιν ἀνστήσεις, πρὶν καὶ κακὸν ἄλλο πάθῃσθα.", "en": "But even on him too did heaven send misfortune, for there is no race of royal children born to him in his house, save one son who is doomed to die all untimely; nor may I take care of him now that he is growing old, for I must stay here at Troy to be the bane of you and your children. And you too, O Priam, I have heard that you were aforetime happy. They say that in wealth and plenitude of offspring you surpassed all that is in Lesbos, the realm of Makar to the northward, Phrygia that is more inland, and those that dwell upon the great Hellespont; but from the day when the dwellers in heaven sent this evil upon you, war and slaughter have been about your city continually. Bear up against it, and let there be some intervals in your sorrow. Mourn as you may for your brave son, you will take nothing by it. You cannot raise him from the dead, ere you do so yet another sorrow shall befall you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.552–570", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nμή πω μʼ ἐς θρόνον ἵζε διοτρεφὲς ὄφρά κεν Ἕκτωρ\nκεῖται ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἀκηδής, ἀλλὰ τάχιστα\nλῦσον ἵνʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδω· σὺ δὲ δέξαι ἄποινα\nπολλά, τά τοι φέρομεν· σὺ δὲ τῶνδʼ ἀπόναιο, καὶ ἔλθοις\nσὴν ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, ἐπεί με πρῶτον ἔασας\nαὐτόν τε ζώειν καὶ ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο.\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nμηκέτι νῦν μʼ ἐρέθιζε γέρον· νοέω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς\nἝκτορά τοι λῦσαι, Διόθεν δέ μοι ἄγγελος ἦλθε\nμήτηρ, ἥ μʼ ἔτεκεν, θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος.\nκαὶ δέ σε γιγνώσκω Πρίαμε φρεσίν, οὐδέ με λήθεις,\nὅττι θεῶν τίς σʼ ἦγε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν.\nοὐ γάρ κε τλαίη βροτὸς ἐλθέμεν, οὐδὲ μάλʼ ἡβῶν,\nἐς στρατόν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν φυλάκους λάθοι, οὐδέ κʼ ὀχῆα\nῥεῖα μετοχλίσσειε θυράων ἡμετεράων.\nτὼ νῦν μή μοι μᾶλλον ἐν ἄλγεσι θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς,\nμή σε γέρον οὐδʼ αὐτὸν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἐάσω\nκαὶ ἱκέτην περ ἐόντα, Διὸς δʼ ἀλίτωμαι ἐφετμάς.", "en": "And Priam answered, “O king, bid me not be seated, while Hector is still lying uncared for in your tents, but accept the great ransom which I have brought you, and give him to me at once that I may look upon him. May you prosper with the ransom and reach your own land in safety, seeing that you have suffered me to live and to look upon the light of the sun.”\nAchilles looked at him sternly and said, “Vex me, sir, no longer; I am of myself minded to give up the body of Hector. My mother, daughter of the old man of the sea, came to me from Jove to bid me deliver it to you. Moreover I know well, O Priam, and you cannot hide it, that some god has brought you to the ships of the Achaeans, for else, no man however strong and in his prime would dare to come to our host; he could neither pass our guard unseen, nor draw the bolt of my gates thus easily; therefore, provoke me no further, lest I sin against the word of Jove, and suffer you not, suppliant though you are, within my tents.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.571–590", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων καὶ ἐπείθετο μύθῳ.\nΠηλεΐδης δʼ οἴκοιο λέων ὣς ἆλτο θύραζε\nοὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε δύω θεράποντες ἕποντο\nἥρως Αὐτομέδων ἠδʼ Ἄλκιμος, οὕς ῥα μάλιστα\nτῖʼ Ἀχιλεὺς ἑτάρων μετὰ Πάτροκλόν γε θανόντα,\nοἳ τόθʼ ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν λύον ἵππους ἡμιόνους τε,\nἐς δʼ ἄγαγον κήρυκα καλήτορα τοῖο γέροντος,\nκὰδ δʼ ἐπὶ δίφρου εἷσαν· ἐϋξέστου δʼ ἀπʼ ἀπήνης\nᾕρεον Ἑκτορέης κεφαλῆς ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα.\nκὰδ δʼ ἔλιπον δύο φάρεʼ ἐΰννητόν τε χιτῶνα,\nὄφρα νέκυν πυκάσας δοίη οἶκον δὲ φέρεσθαι.\nδμῳὰς δʼ ἐκκαλέσας λοῦσαι κέλετʼ ἀμφί τʼ ἀλεῖψαι\nνόσφιν ἀειράσας, ὡς μὴ Πρίαμος ἴδοι υἱόν,\nμὴ ὃ μὲν ἀχνυμένῃ κραδίῃ χόλον οὐκ ἐρύσαιτο\nπαῖδα ἰδών, Ἀχιλῆϊ δʼ ὀρινθείη φίλον ἦτορ,\nκαί ἑ κατακτείνειε, Διὸς δʼ ἀλίτηται ἐφετμάς.\nτὸν δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν δμῳαὶ λοῦσαν καὶ χρῖσαν ἐλαίῳ,\nἀμφὶ δέ μιν φᾶρος καλὸν βάλον ἠδὲ χιτῶνα,\nαὐτὸς τόν γʼ Ἀχιλεὺς λεχέων ἐπέθηκεν ἀείρας,\nσὺν δʼ ἕταροι ἤειραν ἐϋξέστην ἐπʼ ἀπήνην.", "en": "The old man feared him and obeyed. Then the son of Peleus sprang like a lion through the door of his house, not alone, but with him went his two squires Automedon and Alcimus who were closer to him than any others of his comrades now that Patroclus was no more. These unyoked the horses and mules, and bade Priam’s herald and attendant be seated within the house. They lifted the ransom for Hector’s body from the waggon, but they left two mantles and a goodly shirt, that Achilles might wrap the body in them when he gave it to be taken home. Then he called to his servants and ordered them to wash the body and anoint it, but he first took it to a place where Priam should not see it, lest if he did so, he should break out in the bitterness of his grief, and enrage Achilles, who might then kill him and sin against the word of Jove. When the servants had washed the body and anointed it, and had wrapped it in a fair shirt and mantle, Achilles himself lifted it on to a bier, and he and his men then laid it on the waggon." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.591–604", "orig": "ᾤμωξέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα, φίλον δʼ ὀνόμηνεν ἑταῖρον·\nμή μοι Πάτροκλε σκυδμαινέμεν, αἴ κε πύθηαι\nεἰν Ἄϊδός περ ἐὼν ὅτι Ἕκτορα δῖον ἔλυσα\nπατρὶ φίλῳ, ἐπεὶ οὔ μοι ἀεικέα δῶκεν ἄποινα.\nσοὶ δʼ αὖ ἐγὼ καὶ τῶνδʼ ἀποδάσσομαι ὅσσʼ ἐπέοικεν.\nἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐς κλισίην πάλιν ἤϊε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς,\nἕζετο δʼ ἐν κλισμῷ πολυδαιδάλῳ ἔνθεν ἀνέστη\nτοίχου τοῦ ἑτέρου, ποτὶ δὲ Πρίαμον φάτο μῦθον·\nυἱὸς μὲν δή τοι λέλυται γέρον ὡς ἐκέλευες,\nκεῖται δʼ ἐν λεχέεσσʼ· ἅμα δʼ ἠοῖ φαινομένηφιν\nὄψεαι αὐτὸς ἄγων· νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου.\nκαὶ γάρ τʼ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου,\nτῇ περ δώδεκα παῖδες ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ὄλοντο\nἓξ μὲν θυγατέρες, ἓξ δʼ υἱέες ἡβώοντες.", "en": "He cried aloud as he did so and called on the name of his dear comrade, “Be not angry with me, Patroclus,” he said, “if you hear even in the house of Hades that I have given Hector to his father for a ransom. It has been no unworthy one, and I will share it equitably with you.”\nAchilles then went back into the tent and took his place on the richly inlaid seat from which he had risen, by the wall that was at right angles to the one against which Priam was sitting. “Sir,” he said, “your son is now laid upon his bier and is ransomed according to desire; you shall look upon him when you take him away at daybreak; for the present let us prepare our supper. Even lovely Niobe had to think about eating, though her twelve children, six daughters and six lusty sons, had been all slain in her house." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.605–620", "orig": "τοὺς μὲν Ἀπόλλων πέφνεν ἀπʼ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο\nχωόμενος Νιόβῃ, τὰς δʼ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα,\nοὕνεκʼ ἄρα Λητοῖ ἰσάσκετο καλλιπαρῄῳ·\nφῆ δοιὼ τεκέειν, ἣ δʼ αὐτὴ γείνατο πολλούς·\nτὼ δʼ ἄρα καὶ δοιώ περ ἐόντʼ ἀπὸ πάντας ὄλεσσαν.\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐννῆμαρ κέατʼ ἐν φόνῳ, οὐδέ τις ἦεν\nκατθάψαι, λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων·\nτοὺς δʼ ἄρα τῇ δεκάτῃ θάψαν θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες.\nἣ δʼ ἄρα σίτου μνήσατʼ, ἐπεὶ κάμε δάκρυ χέουσα.\nνῦν δέ που ἐν πέτρῃσιν ἐν οὔρεσιν οἰοπόλοισιν\nἐν Σιπύλῳ, ὅθι φασὶ θεάων ἔμμεναι εὐνὰς\nνυμφάων, αἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀχελώϊον ἐρρώσαντο,\nἔνθα λίθος περ ἐοῦσα θεῶν ἐκ κήδεα πέσσει.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ νῶϊ μεδώμεθα δῖε γεραιὲ\nσίτου· ἔπειτά κεν αὖτε φίλον παῖδα κλαίοισθα\nἼλιον εἰσαγαγών· πολυδάκρυτος δέ τοι ἔσται.", "en": "Apollo killed the sons with arrows from his silver bow, to punish Niobe, and Diana slew the daughters, because Niobe had vaunted herself against Leto; she said Leto had borne two children only, whereas she had herself borne many, whereon the two killed the many. Nine days did they lie weltering, and there was none to bury them, for the son of Saturn turned the people into stone; but on the tenth day the gods in heaven themselves buried them, and Niobe then took food, being worn out with weeping. They say that somewhere among the rocks on the mountain pastures of Sipylus, where the nymphs live that haunt the river Achelous, there, they say, she lives in stone and still nurses the sorrows sent upon her by the hand of heaven. Therefore, noble sir, let us two now take food; you can weep for your dear son hereafter as you are bearing him back to Ilius, and many a tear will he cost you.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.621–641", "orig": "ἦ καὶ ἀναΐξας ὄϊν ἄργυφον ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς\nσφάξʼ· ἕταροι δʼ ἔδερόν τε καὶ ἄμφεπον εὖ κατὰ κόσμον,\nμίστυλλόν τʼ ἄρʼ ἐπισταμένως πεῖράν τʼ ὀβελοῖσιν,\nὄπτησάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύσαντό τε πάντα.\nΑὐτομέδων δʼ ἄρα σῖτον ἑλὼν ἐπένειμε τραπέζῃ\nκαλοῖς ἐν κανέοισιν· ἀτὰρ κρέα νεῖμεν Ἀχιλλεύς.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀνείαθʼ ἑτοῖμα προκείμενα χεῖρας ἴαλλον.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,\nἤτοι Δαρδανίδης Πρίαμος θαύμαζʼ Ἀχιλῆα\nὅσσος ἔην οἷός τε· θεοῖσι γὰρ ἄντα ἐῴκει·\nαὐτὰρ ὃ Δαρδανίδην Πρίαμον θαύμαζεν Ἀχιλλεὺς\nεἰσορόων ὄψίν τʼ ἀγαθὴν καὶ μῦθον ἀκούων.\nαὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ τάρπησαν ἐς ἀλλήλους ὁρόωντες,\nτὸν πρότερος προσέειπε γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nλέξον νῦν με τάχιστα διοτρεφές, ὄφρα καὶ ἤδη\nὕπνῳ ὕπο γλυκερῷ ταρπώμεθα κοιμηθέντες·\nοὐ γάρ πω μύσαν ὄσσε ὑπὸ βλεφάροισιν ἐμοῖσιν\nἐξ οὗ σῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶν ἐμὸς πάϊς ὤλεσε θυμόν,\nἀλλʼ αἰεὶ στενάχω καὶ κήδεα μυρία πέσσω\nαὐλῆς ἐν χόρτοισι κυλινδόμενος κατὰ κόπρον.\nνῦν δὴ καὶ σίτου πασάμην καὶ αἴθοπα οἶνον", "en": "With this Achilles sprang from his seat and killed a sheep of silvery whiteness, which his followers skinned and made ready all in due order. They cut the meat carefully up into smaller pieces, spitted them, and drew them off again when they were well roasted. Automedon brought bread in fair baskets and served it round the table, while Achilles dealt out the meat, and they laid their hands on the good things that were before them. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, Priam, descendant of Dardanus, marvelled at the strength and beauty of Achilles for he was as a god to see, and Achilles marvelled at Priam as he listened to him and looked upon his noble presence. When they had gazed their fill Priam spoke first. “And now, O king,” he said, “take me to my couch that we may lie down and enjoy the blessed boon of sleep. Never once have my eyes been closed from the day your hands took the life of my son; I have grovelled without ceasing in the mire of my stable-yard, making moan and brooding over my countless sorrows. Now, moreover, I have eaten bread and drunk wine; hitherto I have tasted nothing.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.642–658", "orig": "λαυκανίης καθέηκα· πάρος γε μὲν οὔ τι πεπάσμην.\nἦ ῥʼ, Ἀχιλεὺς δʼ ἑτάροισιν ἰδὲ δμῳῇσι κέλευσε\nδέμνιʼ ὑπʼ αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι καὶ ῥήγεα καλὰ\nπορφύρεʼ ἐμβαλέειν, στορέσαι τʼ ἐφύπερθε τάπητας,\nχλαίνας τʼ ἐνθέμεναι οὔλας καθύπερθεν ἕσασθαι.\nαἳ δʼ ἴσαν ἐκ μεγάροιο δάος μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσαι,\nαἶψα δʼ ἄρα στόρεσαν δοιὼ λέχεʼ ἐγκονέουσαι.\nτὸν δʼ ἐπικερτομέων προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἐκτὸς μὲν δὴ λέξο γέρον φίλε, μή τις Ἀχαιῶν\nἐνθάδʼ ἐπέλθῃσιν βουληφόρος, οἵ τέ μοι αἰεὶ\nβουλὰς βουλεύουσι παρήμενοι, ἣ θέμις ἐστί·\nτῶν εἴ τίς σε ἴδοιτο θοὴν διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν,\nαὐτίκʼ ἂν ἐξείποι Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν,\nκαί κεν ἀνάβλησις λύσιος νεκροῖο γένηται.\nἀλλʼ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ καὶ ἀτρεκέως κατάλεξον,\nποσσῆμαρ μέμονας κτερεϊζέμεν Ἕκτορα δῖον,\nὄφρα τέως αὐτός τε μένω καὶ λαὸν ἐρύκω.", "en": "As he spoke Achilles told his men and the women servants to set beds in the room that was in the gatehouse, and make them with good red rugs, and spread coverlets on the top of them with woollen cloaks for Priam and Idaeus to wear. So the maids went out carrying a torch and got the two beds ready in all haste. Then Achilles said laughingly to Priam, “Dear sir, you shall lie outside, lest some counsellor of those who in due course keep coming to advise with me should see you here in the darkness of the flying night, and tell it to Agamemnon. This might cause delay in the delivery of the body. And now tell me and tell me true, for how many days would you celebrate the funeral rites of noble Hector? Tell me, that I may hold aloof from war and restrain the host.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.659–676", "orig": "τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα γέρων Πρίαμος θεοειδής·\nεἰ μὲν δή μʼ ἐθέλεις τελέσαι τάφον Ἕκτορι δίῳ,\nὧδέ κέ μοι ῥέζων Ἀχιλεῦ κεχαρισμένα θείης.\nοἶσθα γὰρ ὡς κατὰ ἄστυ ἐέλμεθα, τηλόθι δʼ ὕλη\nἀξέμεν ἐξ ὄρεος, μάλα δὲ Τρῶες δεδίασιν.\nἐννῆμαρ μέν κʼ αὐτὸν ἐνὶ μεγάροις γοάοιμεν,\nτῇ δεκάτῃ δέ κε θάπτοιμεν δαινῦτό τε λαός,\nἑνδεκάτῃ δέ κε τύμβον ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ποιήσαιμεν,\nτῇ δὲ δυωδεκάτῃ πολεμίξομεν εἴ περ ἀνάγκη.\nτὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς·\nἔσται τοι καὶ ταῦτα γέρον Πρίαμʼ ὡς σὺ κελεύεις·\nσχήσω γὰρ πόλεμον τόσσον χρόνον ὅσσον ἄνωγας.\nὣς ἄρα φωνήσας ἐπὶ καρπῷ χεῖρα γέροντος\nἔλλαβε δεξιτερήν, μή πως δείσειʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ.\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐν προδόμῳ δόμου αὐτόθι κοιμήσαντο\nκῆρυξ καὶ Πρίαμος πυκινὰ φρεσὶ μήδεʼ ἔχοντες,\nαὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς εὗδε μυχῷ κλισίης ἐϋπήκτου·\nτῷ δὲ Βρισηῒς παρελέξατο καλλιπάρῃος.", "en": "And Priam answered, “Since, then, you suffer me to bury my noble son with all due rites, do thus, Achilles, and I shall be grateful. You know how we are pent up within our city; it is far for us to fetch wood from the mountain, and the people live in fear. Nine days, therefore, will we mourn Hector in my house; on the tenth day we will bury him and there shall be a public feast in his honour; on the eleventh we will build a mound over his ashes, and on the twelfth, if there be need, we will fight.”\nAnd Achilles answered, “All, King Priam, shall be as you have said. I will stay our fighting for as long a time as you have named.”\nAs he spoke he laid his hand on the old man’s right wrist, in token that he should have no fear; thus then did Priam and his attendant sleep there in the forecourt, full of thought, while Achilles lay in an inner room of the house, with fair Briseis by his side." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.677–688", "orig": "ἄλλοι μέν ῥα θεοί τε καὶ ἀνέρες ἱπποκορυσταὶ\nεὗδον παννύχιοι μαλακῷ δεδμημένοι ὕπνῳ·\nἀλλʼ οὐχ Ἑρμείαν ἐριούνιον ὕπνος ἔμαρπτεν\nὁρμαίνοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὅπως Πρίαμον βασιλῆα\nνηῶν ἐκπέμψειε λαθὼν ἱεροὺς πυλαωρούς.\nστῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nὦ γέρον οὔ νύ τι σοί γε μέλει κακόν, οἷον ἔθʼ εὕδεις\nἀνδράσιν ἐν δηΐοισιν, ἐπεί σʼ εἴασεν Ἀχιλλεύς.\nκαὶ νῦν μὲν φίλον υἱὸν ἐλύσαο, πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκας·\nσεῖο δέ κε ζωοῦ καὶ τρὶς τόσα δοῖεν ἄποινα\nπαῖδες τοὶ μετόπισθε λελειμμένοι, αἴ κʼ Ἀγαμέμνων\nγνώῃ σʼ Ἀτρεΐδης, γνώωσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί.", "en": "And now both gods and mortals were fast asleep through the livelong night, but upon Mercury alone, the bringer of good luck, sleep could take no hold for he was thinking all the time how to get King Priam away from the ships without his being seen by the strong force of sentinels. He hovered therefore over Priam’s head and said, “Sir, now that Achilles has spared your life, you seem to have no fear about sleeping in the thick of your foes. You have paid a great ransom, and have received the body of your son; were you still alive and a prisoner the sons whom you have left at home would have to give three times as much to free you; and so it would be if Agamemnon and the other Achaeans were to know of your being here.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.689–706", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, κήρυκα δʼ ἀνίστη.\nτοῖσιν δʼ Ἑρμείας ζεῦξʼ ἵππους ἡμιόνους τε,\nῥίμφα δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτὸς ἔλαυνε κατὰ στρατόν, οὐδέ τις ἔγνω.\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ πόρον ἷξον ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο\nΞάνθου δινήεντος, ὃν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς,\nἙρμείας μὲν ἔπειτʼ ἀπέβη πρὸς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,\nἨὼς δὲ κροκόπεπλος ἐκίδνατο πᾶσαν ἐπʼ αἶαν,\nοἳ δʼ εἰς ἄστυ ἔλων οἰμωγῇ τε στοναχῇ τε\nἵππους, ἡμίονοι δὲ νέκυν φέρον. οὐδέ τις ἄλλος\nἔγνω πρόσθʼ ἀνδρῶν καλλιζώνων τε γυναικῶν,\nἀλλʼ ἄρα Κασσάνδρη ἰκέλη χρυσῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ\nΠέργαμον εἰσαναβᾶσα φίλον πατέρʼ εἰσενόησεν\nἑσταότʼ ἐν δίφρῳ, κήρυκά τε ἀστυβοώτην·\nτὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ἐφʼ ἡμιόνων ἴδε κείμενον ἐν λεχέεσσι·\nκώκυσέν τʼ ἄρʼ ἔπειτα γέγωνέ τε πᾶν κατὰ ἄστυ·\nὄψεσθε Τρῶες καὶ Τρῳάδες Ἕκτορʼ ἰόντες,\nεἴ ποτε καὶ ζώοντι μάχης ἐκνοστήσαντι\nχαίρετʼ, ἐπεὶ μέγα χάρμα πόλει τʼ ἦν παντί τε δήμῳ.", "en": "When he heard this the old man was afraid and roused his servant. Mercury then yoked their horses and mules, and drove them quickly through the host so that no man perceived them. When they came to the ford of eddying Xanthus, begotten of immortal Jove, Mercury went back to high Olympus, and dawn in robe of saffron began to break over all the land. Priam and Idaeus then drove on toward the city lamenting and making moan, and the mules drew the body of Hector. No one neither man nor woman saw them, till Cassandra, fair as golden Venus standing on Pergamus, caught sight of her dear father in his chariot, and his servant that was the city’s herald with him. Then she saw him that was lying upon the bier, drawn by the mules, and with a loud cry she went about the city saying, “Come hither Trojans, men and women, and look on Hector; if ever you rejoiced to see him coming from battle when he was alive, look now on him that was the glory of our city and all our people.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.707–724", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδέ τις αὐτόθʼ ἐνὶ πτόλεϊ λίπετʼ ἀνὴρ\nοὐδὲ γυνή· πάντας γὰρ ἀάσχετον ἵκετο πένθος·\nἀγχοῦ δὲ ξύμβληντο πυλάων νεκρὸν ἄγοντι.\nπρῶται τόν γʼ ἄλοχός τε φίλη καὶ πότνια μήτηρ\nτιλλέσθην ἐπʼ ἄμαξαν ἐΰτροχον ἀΐξασαι\nἁπτόμεναι κεφαλῆς· κλαίων δʼ ἀμφίσταθʼ ὅμιλος.\nκαί νύ κε δὴ πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα\nἝκτορα δάκρυ χέοντες ὀδύροντο πρὸ πυλάων,\nεἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ἐκ δίφροιο γέρων λαοῖσι μετηύδα·\nεἴξατέ μοι οὐρεῦσι διελθέμεν· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nἄσεσθε κλαυθμοῖο, ἐπὴν ἀγάγωμι δόμον δέ.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δὲ διέστησαν καὶ εἶξαν ἀπήνῃ.\nοἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ εἰσάγαγον κλυτὰ δώματα, τὸν μὲν ἔπειτα\nτρητοῖς ἐν λεχέεσσι θέσαν, παρὰ δʼ εἷσαν ἀοιδοὺς\nθρήνων ἐξάρχους, οἵ τε στονόεσσαν ἀοιδὴν\nοἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἐθρήνεον, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες.\nτῇσιν δʼ Ἀνδρομάχη λευκώλενος ἦρχε γόοιο\nἝκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο κάρη μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσα·", "en": "At this there was not man nor woman left in the city, so great a sorrow had possessed them. Hard by the gates they met Priam as he was bringing in the body. Hector’s wife and his mother were the first to mourn him: they flew towards the waggon and laid their hands upon his head, while the crowd stood weeping round them. They would have stayed before the gates, weeping and lamenting the livelong day to the going down of the sun, had not Priam spoken to them from the chariot and said, “Make way for the mules to pass you. Afterwards when I have taken the body home you shall have your fill of weeping.”\nOn this the people stood asunder, and made a way for the waggon. When they had borne the body within the house they laid it upon a bed and seated minstrels round it to lead the dirge, whereon the women joined in the sad music of their lament. Foremost among them all Andromache led their wailing as she clasped the head of mighty Hector in her embrace." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.725–745", "orig": "ἆνερ ἀπʼ αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, κὰδ δέ με χήρην\nλείπεις ἐν μεγάροισι· πάϊς δʼ ἔτι νήπιος αὔτως\nὃν τέκομεν σύ τʼ ἐγώ τε δυσάμμοροι, οὐδέ μιν οἴω\nἥβην ἵξεσθαι· πρὶν γὰρ πόλις ἥδε κατʼ ἄκρης\nπέρσεται· ἦ γὰρ ὄλωλας ἐπίσκοπος, ὅς τέ μιν αὐτὴν\nῥύσκευ, ἔχες δʼ ἀλόχους κεδνὰς καὶ νήπια τέκνα,\nαἳ δή τοι τάχα νηυσὶν ὀχήσονται γλαφυρῇσι,\nκαὶ μὲν ἐγὼ μετὰ τῇσι· σὺ δʼ αὖ τέκος ἢ ἐμοὶ αὐτῇ\nἕψεαι, ἔνθά κεν ἔργα ἀεικέα ἐργάζοιο\nἀθλεύων πρὸ ἄνακτος ἀμειλίχου, ἤ τις Ἀχαιῶν\nῥίψει χειρὸς ἑλὼν ἀπὸ πύργου λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον\nχωόμενος, ᾧ δή που ἀδελφεὸν ἔκτανεν Ἕκτωρ\nἢ πατέρʼ ἠὲ καὶ υἱόν, ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλοὶ Ἀχαιῶν\nἝκτορος ἐν παλάμῃσιν ὀδὰξ ἕλον ἄσπετον οὖδας.\nοὐ γὰρ μείλιχος ἔσκε πατὴρ τεὸς ἐν δαῒ λυγρῇ·\nτὼ καί μιν λαοὶ μὲν ὀδύρονται κατὰ ἄστυ,\nἀρητὸν δὲ τοκεῦσι γόον καὶ πένθος ἔθηκας\nἝκτορ· ἐμοὶ δὲ μάλιστα λελείψεται ἄλγεα λυγρά.\nοὐ γάρ μοι θνῄσκων λεχέων ἐκ χεῖρας ὄρεξας,\nοὐδέ τί μοι εἶπες πυκινὸν ἔπος, οὗ τέ κεν αἰεὶ\nμεμνῄμην νύκτάς τε καὶ ἤματα δάκρυ χέουσα.", "en": "“Husband,” she cried, “you have died young, and leave me in your house a widow; he of whom we are the ill-starred parents is still a mere child, and I fear he may not reach manhood. Ere he can do so our city will be razed and overthrown, for you who watched over it are no more, you who were its saviour, the guardian of our wives and children. Our women will be carried away captives to the ships, and I among them; while you, my child, who will be with me will be put to some unseemly tasks, working for a cruel master. Or, may be, some Achaean will hurl you (O miserable death) from our walls, to avenge some brother, son, or father whom Hector slew; many of them have indeed bitten the dust at his hands, for your father’s hand in battle was no light one. Therefore do the people mourn him. You have left, O Hector, sorrow unutterable to your parents, and my own grief is greatest of all, for you did not stretch forth your arms and embrace me as you lay dying, nor say to me any words that might have lived with me in my tears night and day for evermore.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.746–759", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ στενάχοντο γυναῖκες.\nτῇσιν δʼ αὖθʼ Ἑκάβη ἁδινοῦ ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·\nἝκτορ ἐμῷ θυμῷ πάντων πολὺ φίλτατε παίδων,\nἦ μέν μοι ζωός περ ἐὼν φίλος ἦσθα θεοῖσιν·\nοἳ δʼ ἄρα σεῦ κήδοντο καὶ ἐν θανάτοιό περ αἴσῃ.\nἄλλους μὲν γὰρ παῖδας ἐμοὺς πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς\nπέρνασχʼ ὅν τινʼ ἕλεσκε πέρην ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο,\nἐς Σάμον ἔς τʼ Ἴμβρον καὶ Λῆμνον ἀμιχθαλόεσσαν·\nσεῦ δʼ ἐπεὶ ἐξέλετο ψυχὴν ταναήκεϊ χαλκῷ,\nπολλὰ ῥυστάζεσκεν ἑοῦ περὶ σῆμʼ ἑτάροιο\nΠατρόκλου, τὸν ἔπεφνες· ἀνέστησεν δέ μιν οὐδʼ ὧς.\nνῦν δέ μοι ἑρσήεις καὶ πρόσφατος ἐν μεγάροισι\nκεῖσαι, τῷ ἴκελος ὅν τʼ ἀργυρότοξος Ἀπόλλων\nοἷς ἀγανοῖσι βέλεσσιν ἐποιχόμενος κατέπεφνεν.", "en": "Bitterly did she weep the while, and the women joined in her lament. Hecuba in her turn took up the strains of woe. “Hector,” she cried, “dearest to me of all my children. So long as you were alive the gods loved you well, and even in death they have not been utterly unmindful of you; for when Achilles took any other of my sons, he would sell him beyond the seas, to Samos Imbrus or rugged Lemnos; and when he had slain you too with his sword, many a time did he drag you round the sepulchre of his comrade, though this could not give him life, yet here you lie all fresh as dew, and comely as one whom Apollo has slain with his painless shafts.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.760–775", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσα, γόον δʼ ἀλίαστον ὄρινε.\nτῇσι δʼ ἔπειθʼ Ἑλένη τριτάτη ἐξῆρχε γόοιο·\nἝκτορ ἐμῷ θυμῷ δαέρων πολὺ φίλτατε πάντων,\nἦ μέν μοι πόσις ἐστὶν Ἀλέξανδρος θεοειδής,\nὅς μʼ ἄγαγε Τροίηνδʼ· ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι.\nἤδη γὰρ νῦν μοι τόδε εἰκοστὸν ἔτος ἐστὶν\nἐξ οὗ κεῖθεν ἔβην καὶ ἐμῆς ἀπελήλυθα πάτρης·\nἀλλʼ οὔ πω σεῦ ἄκουσα κακὸν ἔπος οὐδʼ ἀσύφηλον·\nἀλλʼ εἴ τίς με καὶ ἄλλος ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐνίπτοι\nδαέρων ἢ γαλόων ἢ εἰνατέρων εὐπέπλων,\nἢ ἑκυρή, ἑκυρὸς δὲ πατὴρ ὣς ἤπιος αἰεί,\nἀλλὰ σὺ τὸν ἐπέεσσι παραιφάμενος κατέρυκες\nσῇ τʼ ἀγανοφροσύνῃ καὶ σοῖς ἀγανοῖς ἐπέεσσι.\nτὼ σέ θʼ ἅμα κλαίω καὶ ἔμʼ ἄμμορον ἀχνυμένη κῆρ·\nοὐ γάρ τίς μοι ἔτʼ ἄλλος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ εὐρείῃ\nἤπιος οὐδὲ φίλος, πάντες δέ με πεφρίκασιν.", "en": "Thus did she too speak through her tears with bitter moan, and then Helen for a third time took up the strain of lamentation. “Hector,” said she, “dearest of all my brothers-in-law, for I am wife to Alexandrus who brought me hither to Troy, would that I had died ere he did so, twenty years are come and gone since I left my home and came from over the sea, but I have never heard one word of insult or unkindness from you. When another would chide with me, as it might be one of your brothers or sisters or of your brothers’ wives, or my mother-in-law, for Priam was as kind to me as though he were my own father, you would rebuke and check them with words of gentleness and goodwill. Therefore my tears flow both for you and for my unhappy self, for there is no one else in Troy who is kind to me, but all shrink and shudder as they go by me.”" }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.776–789", "orig": "ὣς ἔφατο κλαίουσʼ, ἐπὶ δʼ ἔστενε δῆμος ἀπείρων.\nλαοῖσιν δʼ ὃ γέρων Πρίαμος μετὰ μῦθον ἔειπεν·\nἄξετε νῦν Τρῶες ξύλα ἄστυ δέ, μὴ δέ τι θυμῷ\nδείσητʼ Ἀργείων πυκινὸν λόχον· ἦ γὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς\nπέμπων μʼ ὧδʼ ἐπέτελλε μελαινάων ἀπὸ νηῶν\nμὴ πρὶν πημανέειν πρὶν δωδεκάτη μόλῃ ἠώς.\nὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ὑπʼ ἀμάξῃσιν βόας ἡμιόνους τε\nζεύγνυσαν, αἶψα δʼ ἔπειτα πρὸ ἄστεος ἠγερέθοντο.\nἐννῆμαρ μὲν τοί γε ἀγίνεον ἄσπετον ὕλην·\nἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ δεκάτη ἐφάνη φαεσίμβροτος ἠώς,\nκαὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἐξέφερον θρασὺν Ἕκτορα δάκρυ χέοντες,\nἐν δὲ πυρῇ ὑπάτῃ νεκρὸν θέσαν, ἐν δʼ ἔβαλον πῦρ.\nἦμος δʼ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς,\nτῆμος ἄρʼ ἀμφὶ πυρὴν κλυτοῦ Ἕκτορος ἔγρετο λαός.", "en": "She wept as she spoke and the vast crowd that was gathered round her joined in her lament. Then King Priam spoke to them saying, “Bring wood, O Trojans, to the city, and fear no cunning ambush of the Argives, for Achilles when he dismissed me from the ships gave me his word that they should not attack us until the morning of the twelfth day.”\nForthwith they yoked their oxen and mules and gathered together before the city. Nine days long did they bring in great heaps of wood, and on the morning of the tenth day with many tears they took brave Hector forth, laid his dead body upon the summit of the pile, and set the fire thereto. Then when the child of morning, rosy-fingered dawn, appeared on the eleventh day, the people again assembled, round the pyre of mighty Hector." }, { "ref": "Iliad 24.790–804", "orig": "αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥʼ ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τʼ ἐγένοντο\nπρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ\nπᾶσαν, ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nὀστέα λευκὰ λέγοντο κασίγνητοί θʼ ἕταροί τε\nμυρόμενοι, θαλερὸν δὲ κατείβετο δάκρυ παρειῶν.\nκαὶ τά γε χρυσείην ἐς λάρνακα θῆκαν ἑλόντες\nπορφυρέοις πέπλοισι καλύψαντες μαλακοῖσιν.\nαἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ ἐς κοίλην κάπετον θέσαν, αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε\nπυκνοῖσιν λάεσσι κατεστόρεσαν μεγάλοισι·\nῥίμφα δὲ σῆμʼ ἔχεαν, περὶ δὲ σκοποὶ ἥατο πάντῃ,\nμὴ πρὶν ἐφορμηθεῖεν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί.\nχεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα πάλιν κίον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα\nεὖ συναγειρόμενοι δαίνυντʼ ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα\nδώμασιν ἐν Πριάμοιο διοτρεφέος βασιλῆος.\nὣς οἵ γʼ ἀμφίεπον τάφον Ἕκτορος ἱπποδάμοιο.", "en": "When they were got together, they first quenched the fire with wine wherever it was burning, and then his brothers and comrades with many a bitter tear gathered his white bones, wrapped them in soft robes of purple, and laid them in a golden urn, which they placed in a grave and covered over with large stones set close together. Then they built a barrow hurriedly over it keeping guard on every side lest the Achaeans should attack them before they had finished. When they had heaped up the barrow they went back again into the city, and being well assembled they held high feast in the house of Priam their king.\nThus, then, did they celebrate the funeral of Hector tamer of horses." } ] } }